CN112380677A - Simulation method for temperature field in release agent for stripping carbon fiber material based on laser cleaning - Google Patents
Simulation method for temperature field in release agent for stripping carbon fiber material based on laser cleaning Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of pretreatment of glued carbon fiber composite materials in the aerospace and automobile industries, in particular to a simulation method based on a temperature field in a release agent for cleaning and stripping carbon fiber materials by laser. The method comprises the following steps: 1) establishing a three-dimensional transient temperature field model through COMSOL; 2) scanning the carbon fiber composite material to be detected through a three-dimensional laser scanner, constructing a geometric model of the carbon fiber composite material, and planning a moving path of laser in the geometric model through a COMSOL model development module; 3) introducing a pulse laser heat source to establish a heat source model; 4) setting material parameters of a geometric model of the carbon fiber composite material; 5) setting initial conditions and boundary conditions of a geometric model of the carbon fiber composite material; 6) and dividing different grids for the carbon fiber composite material geometric model, and obtaining the relation between the laser scanning speed and the temperature field obtained after the completion through a COMSOL analysis module. The invention utilizes COMSOL software to be suitable for the numerical simulation of the temperature field distribution of the laser cleaning carbon fiber resin matrix composite material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of pretreatment of glued carbon fiber composite materials in the aerospace and automobile industries, in particular to a simulation method based on a temperature field in a release agent for cleaning and stripping carbon fiber materials by laser.
Background
The carbon fiber composite material is widely applied to the field of manufacturing of various airplanes, and in order to obtain firm bonding strength, the surface of the carbon fiber composite material needs to be pretreated to remove excessive release agents and impurities on the surface. For the pretreatment of the coating, grinding, chemical etching, mechanical polishing and the like are usually adopted, and such methods have a plurality of disadvantages in the subsequent cleaning treatment and the treatment efficiency. Therefore, people gradually put attention to a novel surface pollutant treatment technology, namely a laser cleaning technology. The laser cleaning technology is characterized in that high-energy pulse laser is used for irradiating the surface of an object, and absorbed energy of surface pollutants, coatings and the like is subjected to a series of complex physical changes, so that the effect of cleaning the surface is achieved, and the laser cleaning technology has the advantages of high efficiency, environmental friendliness, no contact, high precision and the like.
However, during laser processing, the change of the temperature field is the key of the processing quality, and the change can effectively distinguish the surface of the undamaged substrate, but the change is not experimentally detectable in the prior art. Therefore, the laser cleaning process is researched by using a finite element analysis method, and the method has certain guiding and reference significance for further experimental verification.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the simulation of the existing laser cleaning material, the invention aims to provide a simulation method for stripping a temperature field in a carbon fiber material release agent based on laser cleaning.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows: the simulation method for stripping the temperature field in the carbon fiber material release agent based on laser cleaning comprises the following steps:
1) establishing a three-dimensional transient temperature field model through COMSOL;
2) scanning the carbon fiber composite material to be detected through a three-dimensional laser scanner, constructing a geometric model of the carbon fiber composite material, and planning a moving path of laser in the geometric model through a COMSOL model development module;
3) introducing a continuous laser heat source or a pulse laser heat source to establish a heat source model;
4) setting material parameters of a geometric model of the carbon fiber composite material;
5) setting initial conditions and boundary conditions of a geometric model of the carbon fiber composite material;
6) and dividing different grids for the carbon fiber composite material geometric model, and obtaining the relation between the laser scanning speed and the temperature field obtained after the completion through a COMSOL analysis module.
The step 2) comprises the following steps:
(1) scanning the carbon fiber composite material to be detected by a three-dimensional laser scanner, and regarding impurities on the surface of the carbon fiber composite material and a release agent as a whole to obtain three-dimensional point cloud data of the release agent of the carbon fiber composite material to be detected;
(2) according to the three-dimensional point cloud data of the geometric model of the release agent, correspondingly constructing a cylinder as a single carbon fiber, wherein the carbon fibers are arranged vertically to each other, so that the construction of the geometric model of the carbon fiber composite material is completed;
(3) setting a laser moving path for the surface of a geometric model of the carbon fiber composite material through a COMSOL model development module, wherein the surface of the geometric model of the carbon fiber composite material is an x-y plane, the thickness of the geometric model of a release agent is taken from a z coordinate, and the laser moving distance between a laser starting point and an x or y axis and the laser moving speed are set to complete the setting of the laser moving path;
and 3) introducing a laser heat source into a Gaussian surface heat source.
In the step 3), introducing a continuous laser heat source to establish a heat source model, specifically:
according to the expression of the continuous laser heat source I:
wherein P is laser power, A is material absorptivity, r is laser radius, e-(x2+y2)Represents a gaussian distribution;
according to the laser moving path, changing the continuous laser heat source expression I into:
wherein x (t) is the distance from any point position of the x axis to the laser action point, y (t) is the distance from any point position of the y axis to the laser action point, x represents the laser movement distance of the x axis, and y represents the laser movement distance of the y axis.
Introducing a pulse laser heat source to establish a heat source model in the step 3), which specifically comprises the following steps:
adding a pulse formula into the continuous laser heat source expression to obtain a pulse laser heat source Q expression as follows:
wherein, tnIs the laser pulse width; t is the pulse laser period;
and setting a pulse form to expand along the periodicity, setting the upper limit of the periodicity as 0 and the lower limit as T, and finishing the model establishment of the pulse laser heat source.
In step 4), the material parameters include: the matrix release agent and the carbon fiber layer have heat conductivity coefficient, density and constant pressure heat capacity.
In step 5), the boundary conditions of the model include: temperature boundary conditions, heat flow boundary conditions, and heat transfer boundary conditions.
In step 5), the initial conditions of the model include initial temperature, thermal insulation boundary, generalized inward heat flux, convective heat transfer, and surface radiation.
The step 6) is specifically as follows:
dividing different grids for different materials, adopting a sweeping grid dividing mode for the release agent, and adopting free tetrahedral grid division for the carbon fiber layer; setting the total calculation time to be 36s and the step length to be 0.1 s;
and obtaining the relation between the laser scanning speed and the temperature field obtained after the completion through a COMSOL analysis module.
The transient temperature field model is a three-dimensional laser heating temperature field model.
The invention has the following beneficial effects and advantages:
1. the COMSOL simulation software is used for customizing the laser loading heat source, planning the laser moving path and being suitable for numerical simulation of the temperature field distribution of the carbon fiber resin matrix composite material cleaned by the laser.
2. And the temperature change of the carbon fiber layer and the matrix release agent is realized in real time when the detection laser acts.
3. Measuring the variation of temperature field at different energy densities and moving speeds and the influence of laser power on the cleaning depth
4. The method provides theoretical basis and guiding significance for the research experiment of the process parameters of the novel material (carbon fiber composite material) cleaned by laser.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2(a) is a schematic view showing the vertical arrangement of carbon fibers;
FIG. 2(b) is a schematic diagram of a geometric model of a carbon fiber composite material and a preset laser path;
FIG. 3(a) is a graph of x-axis function at a laser moving speed of 3 mm/s;
FIG. 3(b) is a y-axis function graph at a laser moving speed of 3 mm/s;
FIG. 4 is a grid diagram of geometric model division in COMSOL numerical simulation;
fig. 5 is a graph showing the effect of energy density on cleaning depth after completion of calculation.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, which is a flow chart of the method of the present invention, the simulation method based on the temperature field in the release agent of the laser cleaning and stripping carbon fiber material comprises the following steps:
(1) establishing three-dimensional transient temperature field model
Selecting a space dimension through COMSOL software, and selecting a model with a research object being three-dimensional; physical fields were selected and solid heat transfer was added to the model, the study was selected as "transient".
(2) Establishment of geometric model
As shown in fig. 2(a), a schematic view of the vertical arrangement of the carbon fibers of the present invention is specifically realized by the following steps:
(1) scanning the carbon fiber composite material to be detected by a three-dimensional laser scanner, and regarding impurities on the surface of the carbon fiber composite material and a release agent as a whole to obtain three-dimensional point cloud data of the release agent of the carbon fiber composite material to be detected;
(2) according to the three-dimensional point cloud data of the geometric model of the release agent, correspondingly constructing a cylinder as a single carbon fiber, wherein the carbon fibers are arranged vertically to each other, so that the construction of the geometric model of the carbon fiber composite material is completed;
(3) setting a laser moving path for the surface of a geometric model of the carbon fiber composite material through a COMSOL model development module, wherein the surface of the geometric model of the carbon fiber composite material is an x-y plane, the thickness of the geometric model of a release agent is taken from a z coordinate, and the laser moving distance between a laser starting point and an x or y axis and the laser moving speed are set to complete the setting of the laser moving path;
in another embodiment, the geometric model may be established by COMSOL software, setting a rectangular parallelepiped with dimensions of 10mm x 1.1mm to represent the geometric model of the simulated mold release agent. In the layer option, the top 0.1mm is set as a release layer. The size of a single carbon fiber in the row direction of 0 degree is set to be a long cylinder with the radius of 0.2mm and the height of 10 mm. With the array option, the individual carbon fibers were distributed along the x-axis in 10 equally long cylinders, each spaced 1mm apart. Similarly, in a single 90 ° aligned carbon fiber set to the same size, 10 identical long cylinders, each spaced 1mm apart, were distributed along the y-axis for the single carbon fiber using the array option. The carbon fiber arranged in the direction of 0 degree and the carbon fiber arranged in the direction of 90 degrees are selected to be 'combined', so that the carbon fiber and the carbon fiber are closely connected, and the vertical weaving mode arrangement of the actual resin-based carbon fiber composite material is simulated and uniformly distributed in the matrix.
(4) Establishment of heat source model
In the definition, a laser heat source function is set, and theoretically, the expression of a continuous laser heat source is as follows:
in the formula: p is laser power; a is the material absorption rate; r is the laser radius; e.g. of the type-(x2+y2)Representing a gaussian distribution.
Changing the expression of the continuous laser heat source into the following expression according to the self laser moving path:
in the formula: x (t) is the distance from any point position of the x axis to the action point of the laser; y (t) is the distance from any point on the y-axis to the point of action of the laser.
The difference between the continuous laser and the pulsed laser is that the former is a double frequency output and the latter is a single frequency output. Therefore, adding a pulse formula to the theoretical continuous laser heat source expression can obtain a pulse laser heat source expression as follows:
in the formula: t is tnIs the laser pulse width; t is the pulse laser period.
The pulse form is set to extend along the periodicity, with an upper limit of the periodicity set to 0 and a lower limit set to T.
Setting the laser power at 8W, the laser spot radius at 0.05mm, the pulse laser frequency at 120kHz, and the energy density at 0.34J/cm2。
Setting the laser power at 9W, the laser spot radius at 0.05mm, the pulse laser frequency at 100kHz, and the energy density at 0.46J/cm2。
Setting the laser power at 10W, the laser spot radius at 0.05mm, the pulse laser frequency at 80kHz, and the energy density at 0.64J/cm2。
The simulation in this embodiment can realize that the laser heat source is in a continuous form or a pulse form, and all the functions are listed.
(5) Laser moving path schematic diagram
FIG. 2(b) is a schematic diagram of a geometric model of the carbon fiber composite material of the present invention and a predetermined laser path; a working plane is geometrically arranged on the model developer, the setting plane is an ' x-y plane ', and a z coordinate is 1.1mm '. Due to the adoption of the zigzag laser motion track, the type needing to be constructed in the polygon is an open curve. Setting the x-y coordinates of the laser starting point as (0.4mm, 0.5mm), the movement distance of the single y-axis laser as 9mm, and the movement distance of the single x-axis laser as 0.9 mm. To distinguish the starting point from the end point, a circle of 0.2mm radius was drawn at the starting point (0.4mm, 0.5 mm).
The moving speed was set to 3 mm/s. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3(a) and FIG. 3(b), the x-axis function curve when the laser moving speed is 3 mm/s; a y-axis function curve chart when the laser moving speed is 3 mm/s;
(6) setting initial and boundary conditions
The initial temperature was set at 293.15K. When laser is set to be directly irradiated, the bottommost surface of the carbon fiber composite material is in thermal insulation, the boundary heat source is a pulse laser heat source, the radiation of the surface to the environment is user-defined, and the heat transfer coefficient in convection heat flux is user-defined.
(7) Setting of material physical property parameters
Material properties including thermal conductivity, density, constant pressure heat capacity, and the like are set for the geometric body 1 (mold release agent) and the geometric body 2 (carbon fiber), respectively.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
(8) Grid partitioning and computation
As shown in fig. 4, for the geometric model division grid diagram in the COMSOL numerical simulation of the present invention, different grids are divided for different materials because the geometric model is made of different materials, and the grid division unit is small for the release agent by adopting the sweep grid division method while the carbon fiber layer is divided by adopting the free tetrahedral grid division due to the particularity of the carbon fiber layer. And (3) carrying out research, setting the calculation step length to be 0.1s and the total time to be 36s, and checking whether parameter setting errors exist, wherein as shown in fig. 5, the method is an influence diagram of the energy density obtained after calculation on the cleaning depth, and if no errors exist, the COMSOL software enters calculation to obtain calculation data to be analyzed and processed.
Example 2:
(1) establishment of geometric model
A rectangular parallelepiped having dimensions of 10mm by 1.1mm was set to represent a geometric model of the simulated mold release agent. In the layer option, the top 0.1mm is set as a release layer. The size of a single carbon fiber in the row direction of 0 degree is set to be a long cylinder with the radius of 0.2mm and the height of 10 mm. With the array option, the individual carbon fibers were distributed along the x-axis in 10 equally long cylinders, each spaced 1mm apart. Similarly, in a single 90 ° aligned carbon fiber set to the same size, 10 identical long cylinders, each spaced 1mm apart, were distributed along the y-axis for the single carbon fiber using the array option. The carbon fiber arranged in the direction of 0 degree and the carbon fiber arranged in the direction of 90 degrees are selected to be 'combined', so that the carbon fiber and the carbon fiber are closely connected, and the vertical weaving mode arrangement of the actual resin-based carbon fiber composite material is simulated and uniformly distributed in the matrix.
(2) Establishment of heat source model
In the definition, a laser heat source function is set, and theoretically, the expression of a continuous laser heat source is as follows:
in the formula: p is laser power; a is the material absorption rate; r is the laser radius; e.g. of the type-(x2+y2)Representing a gaussian distribution.
Changing the expression of the continuous laser heat source into the following expression according to the self laser moving path:
in the formula: x (t) is the distance from any point position of the x axis to the action point of the laser; y (t) is the distance from any point on the y-axis to the point of action of the laser.
The difference between the continuous laser and the pulsed laser is that the former is a double frequency output and the latter is a single frequency output. Therefore, adding a pulse formula to the theoretical continuous laser heat source expression can obtain a pulse laser heat source expression as follows:
in the formula: t is tnIs the laser pulse width; t is the pulse laser period.
The pulse form is set to extend along the periodicity, with an upper limit of the periodicity set to 0 and a lower limit set to T.
The laser power is set to be 9W, the laser spot radius is 0.05mm, and the pulse laser frequency is 100kHz.
The simulation can realize that the laser heat source is in a continuous form or a pulse form, all functions are listed, and as most of experiments adopt pulse laser as the heat source, the pulse laser heat source is adopted in the implementation.
(3) Laser moving path schematic diagram
A 'working plane' of a geometric model is set in a model developer, the set plane is an 'x-y plane', a '1.1 mm' z coordinate is taken, and due to the adoption of a 'Z' -shaped laser motion track, the type of an object constructed in a polygon is an 'open curve'. Setting the x-y coordinates of the laser starting point as (0.4mm, 0.5mm), the movement distance of the single y-axis laser as 9mm, and the movement distance of the single x-axis laser as 0.9 mm. To distinguish the starting point from the end point, a circle of 0.2mm radius was drawn at the starting point (0.4mm, 0.5 mm).
Setting the moving speed to be 3mm/s, setting the moving speed to be 6mm/s and setting the moving speed to be 9mm/s
Setting initial and boundary conditions
The initial temperature was set at 293.15K. When laser is set to be directly irradiated, the bottommost surface of the carbon fiber composite material is in thermal insulation, the boundary heat source is a pulse laser heat source, the radiation of the surface to the environment is user-defined, and the heat transfer coefficient in convection heat flux is user-defined.
(4) Setting of material physical property parameters
Material properties including thermal conductivity, density, constant pressure heat capacity, and the like are set for the geometric body 1 (mold release agent) and the geometric body 2 (carbon fiber), respectively.
(5) Grid partitioning and computation
The geometric model is made of different materials, different grids are divided for different materials, a mode of dividing the grids by sweeping is adopted for the release agent, and the grids of the carbon fiber layer are divided into small cells by adopting free tetrahedron grids due to the particularity of the carbon fiber layer. Setting the first calculation step length to be 0.1s and the total time to be 36 s; the second calculation step size is 0.1s, and the total time is 18 s; the third calculation step is 0.1s and the total time is 12 s. And checking whether parameter setting errors exist or not, if not, confirming that COMSOL software enters calculation, and after the calculation is finished, analyzing and processing the calculation data through the COMSOL software.
It is apparent that the above embodiments are only examples for clearly illustrating and do not limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications are therefore intended to be included within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. The simulation method for stripping the temperature field in the carbon fiber material release agent based on laser cleaning is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) establishing a three-dimensional transient temperature field model through COMSOL;
2) scanning the carbon fiber composite material to be detected through a three-dimensional laser scanner, constructing a geometric model of the carbon fiber composite material, and planning a moving path of laser in the geometric model through a COMSOL model development module;
3) introducing a continuous laser heat source or a pulse laser heat source to establish a heat source model;
4) setting material parameters of a geometric model of the carbon fiber composite material;
5) setting initial conditions and boundary conditions of a geometric model of the carbon fiber composite material;
6) and dividing different grids for the carbon fiber composite material geometric model, and obtaining the relation between the laser scanning speed and the temperature field obtained after the completion through a COMSOL analysis module.
2. The method for simulating the temperature field in the carbon fiber material release agent based on laser cleaning stripping according to claim 1, wherein the step 2) comprises the following steps:
(1) scanning the carbon fiber composite material to be detected by a three-dimensional laser scanner, and regarding impurities on the surface of the carbon fiber composite material and a release agent as a whole to obtain three-dimensional point cloud data of the release agent of the carbon fiber composite material to be detected;
(2) according to the three-dimensional point cloud data of the geometric model of the release agent, correspondingly constructing a cylinder as a single carbon fiber, wherein the carbon fibers are arranged vertically to each other, so that the construction of the geometric model of the carbon fiber composite material is completed;
(3) and setting a laser moving path for the surface of the geometric model of the carbon fiber composite material through a COMSOL model development module, wherein the surface of the geometric model of the carbon fiber composite material is an x-y plane, the thickness of the geometric model of the release agent is taken from a z coordinate, and the laser moving distance between a laser starting point and an x or y axis and the laser moving speed are set to complete the setting of the laser moving path.
3. The method for simulating the temperature field in the carbon fiber material release agent based on laser cleaning and peeling as claimed in claim 1, wherein the laser heat source is introduced in step 3) as a Gaussian surface heat source.
4. The method for simulating the temperature field in the release agent for carbon fiber material based on laser cleaning and peeling as claimed in claim 1, wherein the continuous laser heat source is introduced to establish the heat source model in the step 3), and specifically comprises the following steps:
according to the expression of the continuous laser heat source I:
wherein P is laser power, A is material absorptivity, r is laser radius, e-(x2+y2)Represents a gaussian distribution; according to the laser moving path, changing the continuous laser heat source expression I into:
wherein x (t) is the distance from any point position of the x axis to the laser action point, y (t) is the distance from any point position of the y axis to the laser action point, x represents the laser movement distance of the x axis, and y represents the laser movement distance of the y axis.
5. The method for simulating the temperature field in the release agent for carbon fiber material based on laser cleaning and peeling as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 3) of introducing the pulse laser heat source to establish the heat source model specifically comprises the following steps:
adding a pulse formula into the continuous laser heat source expression to obtain a pulse laser heat source Q expression as follows:
wherein, tnIs the laser pulse width; t is the pulse laser period;
and setting a pulse form to expand along the periodicity, setting the upper limit of the periodicity as 0 and the lower limit as T, and finishing the model establishment of the pulse laser heat source.
6. The method for simulating the temperature field in the release agent for carbon fiber material based on laser cleaning and peeling as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the material parameters comprise: the matrix release agent and the carbon fiber layer have heat conductivity coefficient, density and constant pressure heat capacity.
7. The method for simulating the temperature field in the release agent for carbon fiber materials based on laser cleaning and peeling as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 5), the boundary conditions of the model comprise: temperature boundary conditions, heat flow boundary conditions, and heat transfer boundary conditions.
8. The method for simulating the temperature field in the carbon fiber material release agent based on laser cleaning stripping according to claim 1, wherein in step 5), the initial conditions of the model comprise initial temperature, thermal insulation boundary, generalized inward heat flux, convective heat transfer and surface radiation.
9. The simulation method for the temperature field in the release agent based on the laser cleaning and stripping carbon fiber material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 6) is specifically as follows:
dividing different grids for different materials, adopting a sweeping grid dividing mode for the release agent, and adopting free tetrahedral grid division for the carbon fiber layer; setting the total calculation time to be 36s and the step length to be 0.1 s;
and obtaining the relation between the laser scanning speed and the temperature field obtained after the completion through a COMSOL analysis module.
10. The method for simulating the temperature field in the carbon fiber material release agent based on laser cleaning and peeling as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transient temperature field model is a three-dimensional laser heating temperature field model.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113128097A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-07-16 | 浙江理工大学 | Method for simulating and predicting heat transfer performance of porous nanofiber medium |
| CN113139314A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-07-20 | 四川大学 | Heat source numerical simulation method for laser additive manufacturing process |
| CN113312799A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-08-27 | 中铁十一局集团桥梁有限公司 | Spraying system flushing method, device, equipment and readable storage medium |
| CN114227008A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-03-25 | 北京卫星制造厂有限公司 | Ultrafast laser cutting method for carbon fiber composite material structure |
| CN115889346A (en) * | 2022-12-22 | 2023-04-04 | 中国人民解放军海军航空大学青岛校区 | Laser-based airplane lap joint structure cleaning method and electronic equipment |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113128097A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-07-16 | 浙江理工大学 | Method for simulating and predicting heat transfer performance of porous nanofiber medium |
| CN113139314A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-07-20 | 四川大学 | Heat source numerical simulation method for laser additive manufacturing process |
| CN113139314B (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2022-09-27 | 四川大学 | Heat source numerical simulation method for laser additive manufacturing process |
| CN113128097B (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2023-11-17 | 浙江理工大学 | Method for simulating and predicting heat transfer performance of porous nanofiber medium |
| CN113312799A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-08-27 | 中铁十一局集团桥梁有限公司 | Spraying system flushing method, device, equipment and readable storage medium |
| CN114227008A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-03-25 | 北京卫星制造厂有限公司 | Ultrafast laser cutting method for carbon fiber composite material structure |
| CN114227008B (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2023-07-14 | 北京卫星制造厂有限公司 | Ultrafast laser cutting method for carbon fiber composite material structure |
| CN115889346A (en) * | 2022-12-22 | 2023-04-04 | 中国人民解放军海军航空大学青岛校区 | Laser-based airplane lap joint structure cleaning method and electronic equipment |
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