CN112378506A - Synchronous testing method for through-flow type hydraulic machinery rotating wheel and outer wall vibration - Google Patents
Synchronous testing method for through-flow type hydraulic machinery rotating wheel and outer wall vibration Download PDFInfo
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- CN112378506A CN112378506A CN202011094423.6A CN202011094423A CN112378506A CN 112378506 A CN112378506 A CN 112378506A CN 202011094423 A CN202011094423 A CN 202011094423A CN 112378506 A CN112378506 A CN 112378506A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010219 correlation analysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
- F03B11/008—Measuring or testing arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D15/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems
- F04D15/0088—Testing machines
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H11/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties
- G01H11/06—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties by electric means
- G01H11/08—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties by electric means using piezoelectric devices
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a synchronous testing method for vibration of a through-flow type hydraulic mechanical runner and an outer wall, which specifically comprises the following steps: step 1, processing a runner chamber based on different objects to be tested; step 2, arranging a laser vibrometer, a photoelectric encoder and a piezoelectric vibration velocity sensor according to the test object selected in the step 1; and 3, synchronously acquiring output signals of the rotary photoelectric encoder, the two laser vibration meters and all piezoelectric vibration speed sensors by adopting a computer, and performing cross-power spectrum analysis and cross-correlation analysis on the measured signals so as to determine the association relation among the signals. The invention does not affect the normal operation of the through-flow hydraulic machine in the measuring process, and can realize the synchronous measurement of the runner vibration and the outer wall vibration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic mechanical equipment, and relates to a synchronous testing method for vibration of a through-flow type hydraulic mechanical rotating wheel and an outer wall.
Background
The cross-flow hydraulic machinery comprises a cross-flow water pump, a water turbine, a marine propeller and the like, plays an irreplaceable role in the national economy field of China, particularly relates to the cross-flow hydraulic machinery for military use, and has stability which is the most important focus of attention of designers. The runner of the through-flow hydraulic machine is an active part of the whole equipment, and unsteady flow and collision and abrasion induced when the runner rotates at high speed in water are main reasons for inducing vibration of the through-flow hydraulic machine, so that the realization of synchronous detection and analysis of the runner and outer wall vibration of the through-flow hydraulic machine has important practical significance for judging the running state of the through-flow hydraulic machine.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a synchronous testing method for the vibration of a through-flow type hydraulic machine runner and an outer wall, which completely does not influence the normal operation of the through-flow type hydraulic machine in the measuring process and can realize the synchronous measurement of the runner vibration and the outer wall vibration.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the method for synchronously testing the vibration of the through-flow type hydraulic mechanical runner and the outer wall specifically comprises the following steps:
and 3, synchronously acquiring output signals of the rotary photoelectric encoder, the two laser vibration meters and all piezoelectric vibration speed sensors by adopting a computer, and performing cross-power spectrum analysis and cross-correlation analysis on the measured signals so as to determine the association relation among the signals.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
in the step 1:
if the object to be tested is a through-flow hydraulic mechanical model in a laboratory, the whole runner chamber is processed by adopting a high-transparency organic glass material;
when the object to be tested is a through-flow hydraulic machine in engineering application, two circular windows with 90-degree included angles in the circumferential direction need to be processed at the axial positions, aligned with any cross section of a runner drainage cone, on a runner chamber, and the windows are sealed by high-transparency organic glass covers.
The radius R of the window is greater than 50 mm.
The specific process of the step 2 is as follows:
step 2.1, when a test object is a through-flow hydraulic mechanical model in a laboratory, and a through-flow hydraulic mechanical runner chamber is processed by adopting a high-transparency organic glass material in the step 1, so that visible laser of laser vibration testers can effectively penetrate through the runner chamber and focus on a runner drainage cone, at the moment, two laser vibration testers are arranged at the same axial position and are arranged according to a circumferential included angle of 90 degrees, so that the directions of two beams of laser can be 90 degrees and irradiate on the runner drainage cone, and vibration signals in two directions with 90-degree circumferential phases of the runner can be obtained;
when a test object is a through-flow hydraulic machine in engineering application, two circular windows with an included angle of 90 degrees in the circumferential direction are processed in a through-flow hydraulic machine runner chamber in the step 1, and the two circular windows are sealed by a high-transparency organic glass cover, so that laser can effectively penetrate through and focus on a runner drain cone, at the moment, two laser vibration testers with the included angle of 90 degrees in the circumferential direction are arranged on a plane with the same axial position as the circular windows, the circumferential positions of laser beams of the two laser vibration testers are respectively the same as the circumferential positions of the two circular windows, and therefore two beams of laser are ensured to be respectively emitted from the two circular windows, and vibration signals in two directions with the phase of 90 degrees in the circumferential direction of the runner are obtained;
step 2.2, mounting the rotary photoelectric encoder on an extension shaft of the through-flow hydraulic machine, and leading out a signal output line to be connected into a multi-channel synchronous digital signal collector; connecting signal output lines of the two laser vibration measuring instruments to a multi-channel synchronous digital signal collector;
and 2.3, according to specific test position requirements, mounting a plurality of piezoelectric vibration speed sensors on the outer wall surfaces of the water inlet pipe, the runner chamber and the tail water pipe, connecting signal output lines of the arranged piezoelectric vibration speed sensors into a multi-channel synchronous digital signal collector, and transmitting the synchronously collected data to a computer by the output lines of the multi-channel synchronous digital signal collector.
In step 2.1, when the test object is a through-flow hydraulic mechanical model in a laboratory, the radial distance between the two laser vibration testers and the runner drain cone must be within the range of 0.2-30 meters;
when the test object is a through-flow hydraulic machine in engineering application, the radial distance between the two laser vibration meters and the runner drain cone is not more than 30 meters.
In step 2.3, the number of the piezoelectric vibration speed sensors is less than the number of the channels left after the multichannel synchronous digital signal collector is connected with the rotary photoelectric encoder and the two laser vibration meters.
In the testing process, if the multi-channel synchronous digital signal collector still has redundant channels, a piezoelectric pressure pulsation sensor for monitoring pressure pulsation in the flow channel can be connected, and synchronous measurement of the pressure pulsation in the flow channel, the vibration of the rotating wheel and the vibration of the outer wall surface of the through-flow hydraulic machine is realized.
The method for synchronously testing the vibration of the through-flow type hydraulic machinery rotating wheel and the outer wall has the advantages that the method is suitable for synchronously testing the vibration of the rotating wheel and the outer wall in a through-flow type hydraulic machinery model test, and is also suitable for synchronously testing the vibration of the through-flow type hydraulic machinery rotating wheel and the outer wall in large-scale engineering application. The method does not affect the normal operation of the through-flow hydraulic machine completely in the measuring process, can realize the synchronous measurement of the runner vibration and the outer wall vibration, and has obvious advantages.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a through-flow hydraulic machine in a synchronous testing method of the through-flow hydraulic machine runner and the outer wall vibration according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a transparent glass window on a runner chamber of a through-flow hydraulic machine in a test engineering application according to a synchronous test method for through-flow hydraulic machine runner and outer wall vibration of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the placement of a laser vibrometer when a through-flow hydraulic mechanical model is tested by the synchronous testing method of the through-flow hydraulic mechanical runner and the outer wall vibration according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the placement of a laser vibrometer for testing the through-flow hydraulic machine in engineering applications according to a method for the synchronized testing of the through-flow hydraulic machine runner and the outer wall vibrations of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the connection of relevant devices of a testing system in the synchronous testing method of the through-flow hydraulic mechanical runner and the outer wall vibration;
in the figure, 1, a water inlet pipe, 2 guide vanes, 3 runner blades, 4 runner water discharging cones, 5 runner chambers, 6 draft tubes, 7 circular windows, 8 laser vibration meters, 9 rotary photoelectric encoders, 10 extension shafts, 11 multichannel synchronous digital signal collectors, 12 piezoelectric vibration speed sensors and 13 computers.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention relates to a synchronous testing method for the vibration of a through-flow type hydraulic mechanical runner and an outer wall, wherein required hardware equipment comprises but is not limited to: the device comprises a laser vibration meter (requiring that laser is visible laser with energy less than 1mW and the effective working distance of the laser is 0.2-30 m) based on a Doppler laser principle, a piezoelectric type vibration speed sensor, a rotary photoelectric encoder and a multi-channel (the number of channels is more than or equal to 8) synchronous digital signal acquisition unit. The sampling frequency of the multichannel synchronous digital signal collector can be adjusted within the range of 50Hz to 128kHz, the IEPE (inductively coupled plasma) sensors are supported, and collected data can be transmitted to a computer through a USB data transmission cable.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
if the object to be tested is a through-flow hydraulic machine in large-scale engineering application, as shown in fig. 2, two circular windows 7 with 90-degree included angles in the circumferential direction need to be processed at the axial positions, aligned with any cross section of the runner drain cone 4, on the runner chamber 5, the radius R of each circular window 7 needs to be larger than 50mm, and the circular windows are sealed by a high-transparency organic glass cover to prevent water leakage.
And 2, arranging a laser vibration meter, a photoelectric encoder and a piezoelectric vibration speed sensor.
And 2.1, if the test object is a through-flow type hydraulic mechanical model in a laboratory, the through-flow type hydraulic mechanical runner chamber 5 is processed by adopting a high-transparency organic glass material in the step 1, so that the visible laser of the laser vibration meter 8 can effectively penetrate through the runner chamber and focus on the runner drain cone 4. At this time, as shown in fig. 3, two laser vibration meters 8 are arranged at the same axial position and at an angle of 90 degrees in the circumferential direction, so that the directions of the two laser beams can be made to irradiate the runner drain cone 4 at an angle of 90 degrees, and vibration signals in two directions with 90 degrees in the circumferential phase of the runner can be obtained. The radial distance between the two laser vibration meters 8 and the runner drain cone 4 must be within the range of 0.2-30 meters.
If the test object is a through-flow hydraulic machine in large-scale engineering application, two circular windows 7 with 90-degree included angles in the circumferential direction are processed in the through-flow hydraulic machine runner chamber 5 in the step 1, and the two circular windows 7 are closed by a high-transparency organic glass cover, so that laser can effectively penetrate through and focus on the runner drain cone 4. At this time, as shown in fig. 4, two laser vibrometers 8 having a circumferential angle of 90 degrees are arranged on the same plane as the axial position of the circular window 7. The circumferential positions of the laser beams of the two laser vibration meters 8 are respectively the same as the circumferential positions of the two circular windows 7, so that two beams of laser beams are ensured to be respectively injected from the two circular windows 7, and vibration signals in two directions with the circumferential phase of the rotating wheel forming 90 degrees are obtained. The radial distance between the two laser vibration meters 8 and the runner drain cone 4 is not more than 30 meters.
Step 2.2, as shown in fig. 5, a rotary photoelectric encoder 9 is arranged on an extension shaft 10 of the through-flow hydraulic machine, and a signal output line is led out to be connected to a multi-channel synchronous digital signal collector 11; and signal output lines of the two laser vibration meters 8 are connected to a multi-channel synchronous digital signal collector 11.
And 2.3, as shown in fig. 5, according to specific test position requirements, mounting a plurality of piezoelectric type vibration speed sensors 12 on the outer wall surfaces of the water inlet pipe 1, the runner chamber 5 and the draft pipe 6, wherein the number of the piezoelectric type vibration speed sensors 12 is less than the number of channels left after the multichannel synchronous digital signal collector 11 is connected with the rotary photoelectric encoder 9 and the two laser vibration meters 8. The signal output line of the piezoelectric vibration velocity sensor 12 is connected to the multichannel synchronous digital signal collector 11, and the output line of the multichannel synchronous digital signal collector 11 transmits the synchronously collected data to the computer 13.
And 3, synchronously acquiring output signals of the rotary photoelectric encoder 9, the two laser vibration meters 8 and all the piezoelectric vibration speed sensors 12 by using a computer 13, and performing cross-power spectrum analysis and cross-correlation analysis on the detected signals so as to determine the association relation among the signals.
In the testing process, if the multi-channel synchronous digital signal collector 11 still has redundant channels, a piezoelectric pressure pulsation sensor for monitoring pressure pulsation in the flow channel can be connected, so that synchronous measurement of pressure pulsation in the flow channel of the through-flow hydraulic machine, runner vibration and outer wall surface vibration is realized.
Claims (7)
1. A synchronous test method for vibration of a through-flow type hydraulic mechanical runner and an outer wall is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, processing a runner chamber based on different objects to be tested;
step 2, arranging a laser vibrometer, a photoelectric encoder and a piezoelectric vibration velocity sensor according to the test object selected in the step 1;
and 3, synchronously acquiring output signals of the rotary photoelectric encoder, the two laser vibration meters and all piezoelectric vibration speed sensors by adopting a computer, and performing cross-power spectrum analysis and cross-correlation analysis on the measured signals so as to determine the association relation among the signals.
2. The method for synchronously testing the vibration of the through-flow type hydraulic mechanical runner and the outer wall according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 1:
if the object to be tested is a through-flow hydraulic mechanical model in a laboratory, the whole runner chamber is processed by adopting a high-transparency organic glass material;
when the object to be tested is a through-flow hydraulic machine in engineering application, two circular windows with 90-degree included angles in the circumferential direction need to be processed at the axial positions, aligned with any cross section of a runner drainage cone, on a runner chamber, and the windows are sealed by high-transparency organic glass covers.
3. The method for synchronously testing the vibration of the through-flow type hydraulic mechanical runner and the outer wall according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the radius R of the window is greater than 50 mm.
4. The method for synchronously testing the vibration of the through-flow type hydraulic mechanical runner and the outer wall according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the specific process of the step 2 is as follows:
step 2.1, when a test object is a through-flow hydraulic mechanical model in a laboratory, and a through-flow hydraulic mechanical runner chamber is processed by adopting a high-transparency organic glass material in the step 1, so that visible laser of laser vibration testers can effectively penetrate through the runner chamber and focus on a runner drainage cone, at the moment, two laser vibration testers are arranged at the same axial position and are arranged according to a circumferential included angle of 90 degrees, so that the directions of two beams of laser can be 90 degrees and irradiate on the runner drainage cone, and vibration signals in two directions with 90-degree circumferential phases of the runner can be obtained;
when a test object is a through-flow hydraulic machine in engineering application, two circular windows with an included angle of 90 degrees in the circumferential direction are processed in a through-flow hydraulic machine runner chamber in the step 1, and the two circular windows are sealed by a high-transparency organic glass cover, so that laser can effectively penetrate through and focus on a runner drain cone, at the moment, two laser vibration testers with the included angle of 90 degrees in the circumferential direction are arranged on a plane with the same axial position as the circular windows, the circumferential positions of laser beams of the two laser vibration testers are respectively the same as the circumferential positions of the two circular windows, and therefore two beams of laser are ensured to be respectively emitted from the two circular windows, and vibration signals in two directions with the phase of 90 degrees in the circumferential direction of the runner are obtained;
step 2.2, mounting the rotary photoelectric encoder on an extension shaft of the through-flow hydraulic machine, and leading out a signal output line to be connected into a multi-channel synchronous digital signal collector; connecting signal output lines of the two laser vibration measuring instruments to a multi-channel synchronous digital signal collector;
and 2.3, according to specific test position requirements, mounting a plurality of piezoelectric vibration speed sensors on the outer wall surfaces of the water inlet pipe, the runner chamber and the tail water pipe, connecting signal output lines of the arranged piezoelectric vibration speed sensors into a multi-channel synchronous digital signal collector, and transmitting the synchronously collected data to a computer by the output lines of the multi-channel synchronous digital signal collector.
5. The method for synchronously testing the vibration of the through-flow type hydraulic mechanical runner and the outer wall according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 2.1, when the test object is a through-flow type hydraulic mechanical model in a laboratory, the radial distance between the two laser vibration meters and the runner drain cone must be within the range of 0.2-30 meters;
when the test object is a through-flow hydraulic machine in engineering application, the radial distance between the two laser vibration meters and the runner drain cone is not more than 30 meters.
6. The method for synchronously testing the vibration of the through-flow type hydraulic mechanical runner and the outer wall according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 2.3, the number of the piezoelectric vibration speed sensors is less than the number of the channels left after the multichannel synchronous digital signal collector is connected with the rotary photoelectric encoder and the two laser vibration meters.
7. The method for synchronously testing the vibration of the through-flow type hydraulic mechanical runner and the outer wall according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the testing process, if the multi-channel synchronous digital signal collector still has redundant channels, a piezoelectric pressure pulsation sensor for monitoring pressure pulsation in the flow channel can be connected, and synchronous measurement of the pressure pulsation in the flow channel, the vibration of the rotating wheel and the vibration of the outer wall surface of the through-flow hydraulic machine is realized.
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| SHENG-YANG PENG: "《The Runner Structure Fluid Solid Coupling Research Of Bulb Tubular Turbine Based On The Cam Relationship》", 《2019 IEEE INNOVATIVE SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES - ASIA (ISGT ASIA)》 * |
| XIAN-WU LUO: "《A review of cavitation in hydraulic machinery》", 《JOURNAL OF HYDRODYNAMICS, SER. B》 * |
| ZHEN-NAN FAN: "《No-Load Voltage Waveform Optimization and Damper Bars Heat Reduction of Tubular Hydrogenerator by Different Degree of Adjusting Damper Bar Pitch and Skewing Stator Slot》", 《IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION》 * |
| 刘鑫: "《 水轮机转轮流固耦合裂纹萌生扩展与空化湿模态研究》", 《中国博士学位论文全文数据库 (工程科技Ⅱ辑)》 * |
| 张立军: "《汽车刮水器摩擦引起的噪声特性试验分析》", 《同济大学学报(自然科学版) 》 * |
| 罗兴锜: "《水轮机技术进展与发展趋势》", 《水力发电学报》 * |
| 贯流式水轮机非定常流动及稳定性研究: "《贯流式水轮机非定常流动及稳定性研究》", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 (工程科技Ⅱ辑)》 * |
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