CN112377230B - Anchor bolt support combined member and metal net impact mechanical property test device and method - Google Patents

Anchor bolt support combined member and metal net impact mechanical property test device and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112377230B
CN112377230B CN202011176748.9A CN202011176748A CN112377230B CN 112377230 B CN112377230 B CN 112377230B CN 202011176748 A CN202011176748 A CN 202011176748A CN 112377230 B CN112377230 B CN 112377230B
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China
Prior art keywords
impact
metal net
frame
support
opening
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CN202011176748.9A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN112377230A (en
Inventor
康红普
高富强
娄金福
原贵阳
杨景贺
王晓卿
李建忠
杨磊
曹舒雯
刘晓敏
雷顺
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Tiandi Science and Technology Co Ltd
CCTEG Coal Mining Research Institute
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Tiandi Science and Technology Co Ltd
CCTEG Coal Mining Research Institute
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Publication of CN112377230A publication Critical patent/CN112377230A/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/008—Anchoring or tensioning means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0093—Accessories
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/02—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection having means for indicating tension
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
    • E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
    • Y02A10/23—Dune restoration or creation; Cliff stabilisation

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical testing of metal components and discloses an anchor bolt support combined component and a metal net impact mechanical property testing device and method, wherein the testing device comprises a rack and a supporting surface arranged at the top end of the rack, an opening and a portal frame are arranged on the supporting surface, and an impact mechanism is connected above the opening of the portal frame; the support surface is symmetrically provided with a plurality of through holes for fixing the anchor rods on two sides of the opening, the anchor rods penetrate through the through holes and can be detachably fastened on the support surface, and the support combined member and/or the central metal net to be tested are fixed on the support surface through the anchor rods for performance test. According to the device and the method for testing the impact mechanical properties of the anchor bolt support combined member and the metal net, provided by the invention, the opening is arranged on the supporting surface, so that the impact test on the structure to be tested can be conveniently performed, the through hole is arranged on the supporting surface, the anchor bolt is matched with the nut, the actual installation mode of the support structure can be truly simulated, the test accuracy is higher, and the research reference value is higher.

Description

Anchor bolt support combined member and metal net impact mechanical property test device and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical testing of metal components, in particular to an impact mechanical property testing device and method for an anchor bolt support combined component and a metal net.
Background
The total length of new roadways dug every year in China reaches over a thousand kilometers, and the safety and reliability of the roadways directly determine the production capacity of mines. Along with the continuous expansion of the depth and the range of coal mining, complicated geological environment and higher ground stress in recent years, the roadway gradually has roof fall, two sides move close, strong bottom heave and other problems during the service period, and new challenges are provided for roadway support and surrounding rock control. Aiming at a series of problems of a roadway during mine service, related scholars at home and abroad propose a series of supporting modes, which mainly comprise four modes of wood supporting, arch supporting, section steel supporting and anchor bolt supporting, years of practice at home and abroad show that the anchor bolt supporting is an economic and effective supporting mode, the anchor bolt supporting system comprises a series of members such as a rod body, a nut, a gasket, a metal net, a steel belt, a joist and the like, the metal net and the steel belt can convert point supporting of an anchor bolt into line supporting and surface supporting, the supporting area is effectively enlarged, but the stress of the two is extremely complex in the supporting process, and the deformation and the destruction modes are various. The supporting component in the rock burst roadway is instantaneously damaged under the action of power load, wherein the metal net is most seriously damaged, and the instantaneously damaged metal net causes a large amount of broken coal and rock mass to be sprayed out from the damaged position of the metal net, so that serious safety accidents are caused. The safety and reliability of the roadway are greatly reduced.
Aiming at the problem of support failure caused by serious damage of support members, a large number of students at home and abroad perform more detailed research on anchor bolt support members, and the research scope comprises a series of members such as anchor bolt bodies, threads, gaskets and the like. But the special equipment is not available, the research results on the metal net are less, the impact mechanical index of the underground metal net supporting structure is not unified and definite, and the serious problems of blindness of the metal net in use, non-unified standard of the construction process and the like are further caused in the field construction process. Therefore, laboratory tests are carried out on the metal net and the anchor bolt support combined member independently, and the tested impact mechanical index has higher guiding significance on the underground complex and difficult roadway support design.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides an anchor bolt support combined member and a metal net impact mechanical property test device and method, which are used for solving or partially solving the problem that the prior art lacks mechanical property test equipment for the anchor bolt support combined member and the metal net.
The embodiment of the invention provides an anchor bolt support combined member and a metal mesh impact mechanical property test device, which comprises a frame and a supporting surface arranged at the top end of the frame, wherein an opening and a portal frame are arranged on the supporting surface, and the portal frame is connected with an impact mechanism above the opening; the support surface is symmetrically provided with a plurality of through holes for fixing anchor rods on two sides of the opening, the anchor rods penetrate through the through holes and are detachably fastened on the support surface respectively on two sides of the through holes, and the support combined member and/or the central metal net to be tested are fixed on the position, corresponding to the opening, of the support surface through the anchor rods for performance test.
On the basis of the scheme, when the supporting combined member is tested, the steel belt of the supporting combined member is perpendicular to the opening, the through holes comprise first through holes which correspond to two sides of the steel belt respectively, and the supporting combined member is detachably fixed on the supporting surface through the anchor rod at the first through holes.
On the basis of the scheme, the central metal net is symmetrically placed relative to the opening, the through holes further comprise second through holes corresponding to four corners of the central metal net respectively, and the central metal net is detachably fixed on the supporting surface at the second through holes through anchor rods.
On the basis of the scheme, any side of the central metal net is connected with an edge metal net, one side of the edge metal net is connected with the side of the central metal net in a lap joint mode, and the other side of the edge metal net is rotatably fixed on the top side wall of the frame through a connecting piece.
On the basis of the scheme, the top side wall of the frame is provided with a plurality of cross beams on any side edge, one end of each cross beam penetrates through the top side wall of the frame to be located inside the frame, one end of each cross beam is rotationally connected with one end of each connecting piece, and the other end of each connecting piece is detachably connected with the other side of the edge metal net.
On the basis of the scheme, the cross beams are in threaded connection with the side wall of the top of the frame, and the other end of at least one cross beam on any side of the frame is connected with a tensioning wheel.
On the basis of the scheme, the impact mechanism comprises an impact piece and a fixing structure connected to the portal frame, wherein the fixing structure is used for connecting the impact piece to fix the impact piece above the opening and loosening the impact piece to enable the impact piece to freely fall.
On the basis of the scheme, the impact mechanism further comprises a lifting structure, wherein the lifting structure is connected with the portal frame and used for lifting the falling impact piece.
On the basis of the scheme, the impact piece is of an annular structure, a guide rod is vertically connected to the portal frame, and the impact piece is sleeved on the guide rod.
The embodiment of the invention also provides an anchor bolt support combined member and a metal net impact mechanical property test method, which are based on the anchor bolt support combined member and the metal net impact mechanical property test device, and comprise the following steps: the method comprises the steps that a supporting combined member and/or a metal net is/are fastened at the position, corresponding to an opening, of a supporting surface through an anchor rod, an impact mechanism falls down to conduct impact mechanical property test on the supporting combined member and/or the metal net, the metal net comprises a center metal net to be tested and an edge metal net which is lapped on the side edge of the center metal net, and the edge metal net is flexibly connected to the side wall of the top of a frame; the adjustment parameters in the impact mechanical property test comprise at least one of the weight of the impact member in the impact mechanism, the height of the impact member, the fastening force of the anchor rods, the spacing of the anchor rods, the lateral tension of the central metal mesh and the kind of the support combination member and the metal mesh.
According to the device and the method for testing the impact mechanical properties of the anchor bolt support combined member and the metal net, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the opening is arranged on the supporting surface, so that the impact test of the structure to be tested can be conveniently performed, meanwhile, the fixing of the structure to be tested is conveniently performed on two sides of the opening, the through holes are arranged on the supporting surface, the anchor bolt is matched with the nut, the fixing of the structure to be tested can be realized, the actual mounting mode of the supporting structure can be truly simulated, the force application of the structure to be tested is closer to the actual stress condition of the supporting structure, the test accuracy is higher, and the research and reference value is higher.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is an overall schematic diagram of an impact mechanical property test device for an anchor bolt support composite member and a metal mesh provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of an impact mechanical property test device for an anchor bolt support composite member and a metal mesh provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of an impact mechanical property test device for an anchor bolt support composite member and a metal mesh provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an overall schematic of a frame in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of a frame in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of a housing in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the central metal mesh and the edge metal mesh in the embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1. a frame; 2. a support surface; 3. a portal frame; 4. an opening; 5. an impact member; 6. a fixed structure; 7. a first through hole; 8. a second through hole; 9. a guide rod; 10. a cross beam; 11. a tensioning wheel; 12. a convex strip; 13. a clamping groove; 14. a central metal mesh; 15. an edge metal mesh; 16. overlapping portions; 17. binding wire installation parts; 18. a connecting piece; 19. a tray; 20. a lifting structure; 21. and a damping table.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an embodiment of the invention provides an anchor bolt support combined member and a metal mesh impact mechanical property test device, which comprises a frame 1 and a support surface 2 arranged at the top end of the frame 1, wherein an opening 4 and a portal frame 3 are arranged on the support surface 2, and an impact mechanism is connected above the opening 4 on the portal frame 3.
The two sides of the opening 4 on the supporting surface 2 are symmetrically provided with a plurality of through holes for fixing anchor rods, the anchor rods penetrate through the through holes and are detachably fastened on the supporting surface 2 respectively at the two sides of the through holes, and the supporting combined member and/or the central metal net 14 to be tested are fixed at the corresponding positions of the supporting surface 2 and the opening 4 through the anchor rods for performance test.
The device for testing the impact mechanical properties of the anchor bolt support combined member and the metal net can be used for testing the impact mechanical properties of an anchor bolt support structure. The anchor bolt supporting structure comprises anchor rods, supporting combined components and a metal net, wherein the supporting combined components comprise steel belts and joists. The frame 1 in this test apparatus is the main support member. An opening 4 is provided in the top support surface 2, and the impact mechanism can perform impact tests on the support assembly and/or the metal mesh from top to bottom at the opening 4.
The test device can be used for performing a performance test on the support combined member alone, performing a performance test on the metal net alone, and performing a performance test on the combination of the support combined member and the metal net. Through the through holes are formed in the supporting surface 2, the anchor rods are of an external thread structure, penetrate through the through holes and are detachably connected with the nuts on two sides of the through holes respectively; the anchor rod and the nut can be matched to fix the support combined member and/or the metal net, so that the actual connection form of the support structure is truly simulated. In addition, the tightening force of the nut on the anchor rod can be controlled to realize certain anchoring force of the anchor rod.
Specifically, when the performance test is performed on the support combined member, the steel belt and the joist of the support combined member can be arranged on the lower surface of the supporting surface 2, the steel belt is positioned at the opening 4, the anchor rod passes through the joist, the steel belt and the through hole, then the anchor rod is respectively connected with nuts above the supporting surface 2 and below the joist, and the fixation of the support combined member is realized by tightening the nuts; the performance test was then performed by impacting the support assembly downward through an impact mechanism.
Similarly, when the performance test is carried out on the metal net, the metal net to be tested is called a central metal net 14, the central metal net 14 is arranged on the lower surface of the supporting surface 2 and positioned at the opening 4, an anchor rod penetrates through the central metal net 14 and the through hole, then nuts are respectively connected with the anchor rod above the supporting surface 2 and below the central metal net 14, and the central metal net 14 is fixed by tightening the nuts; the center wire 14 was then impacted downward by an impact mechanism for performance testing.
When the performance test is carried out on the combination of the support combined member and the metal net, the central metal net 14 is firstly arranged on the lower surface of the supporting surface 2, then the support combined member is arranged at a proper position below the central metal net 14, the anchor rod passes through the support combined member, the central metal net 14 and the through holes, and nuts are screwed on the two ends of the anchor rod to fix the support combined member and the central metal net 14; performance tests were performed by downward impact of the impact mechanism.
Further, a tray 19 can be arranged between the nut positioned below the supporting surface 2 and the supporting combined member or the metal net on the anchor rod; so as to enlarge the contact area between the nut and the support combined member or the metal net, and better realize fixation.
According to the anchor bolt support combined member and metal mesh impact mechanical property test device provided by the embodiment, the opening 4 is formed in the supporting surface 2, impact test can be conveniently carried out on a structure to be tested, meanwhile, the structure to be tested is conveniently fixed on two sides of the opening 4, through holes are formed in the supporting surface 2, and the anchor bolt and the nut are matched, so that the fixing of the structure to be tested can be realized, the actual mounting mode of the supporting structure can be truly simulated, the force application of the structure to be tested is closer to the actual stress condition of the supporting structure, the test accuracy is higher, and the research reference value is higher.
Further, with reference to fig. 4 and 5, when the support assembly is tested, the steel strip of the support assembly is placed perpendicular to the opening 4, the through holes include first through holes 7 corresponding to two sides of the steel strip, and the support assembly is detachably fixed to the support surface 2 at the first through holes 7 through bolts.
A plurality of first through holes 7 are respectively arranged at two sides of the opening 4; and the first through holes 7 on two sides of the opening 4 are symmetrically distributed, so that the symmetrical fixation is conveniently carried out on two sides of the steel belt. The opening 4 may be elongated. The steel belt is arranged across the opening 4, and the first through holes 7 on the two sides are symmetrically fixed on the supporting surface 2 through anchor rods. The two sides of the opening 4 are respectively provided with a plurality of first through holes 7, so that the positions of the anchor rods can be flexibly adjusted, and the test under different fixing conditions can be realized.
Further, with reference to fig. 4 and 5, the central metal mesh 14 is symmetrically disposed about the opening 4, and the through holes further include second through holes 8 corresponding to four corners of the central metal mesh 14, respectively, and the central metal mesh 14 is detachably fixed to the support surface 2 at the second through holes 8 by anchor rods.
The support surface 2 is provided with a plurality of second through holes 8 at positions corresponding to four corners of the central metal mesh 14, respectively. I.e. two sets of second through holes 8 on each side of the opening 4. And the second through holes 8 on both sides of the opening 4 are symmetrically distributed with respect to the opening 4. The central metal mesh 14 is placed symmetrically with respect to the opening 4, facilitating a symmetrical fixation. Fixing the central metal net 14 at its four corners can achieve a firm fixing and is similar to the actual installation structure of the metal net.
Further, each set of second through holes 8 may be distributed in an array. Each group is provided with a plurality of second through holes 8, so that the positions of the anchor rods during testing the central metal net 14 can be flexibly adjusted to adapt to more different testing working conditions.
Further, with reference to fig. 5 and 7, either side of the central metal mesh 14 is connected with an edge metal mesh 15, one side of the edge metal mesh 15 is lapped with the side of the central metal mesh 14, and the other side of the edge metal mesh 15 is rotatably fixed to the top side wall of the frame 1 through a connecting piece 18. Specifically, the other side of the edge metal net 15 is rotatably fixed to the top side wall of the frame 1 around both the horizontal direction and the vertical direction by a connecting member 18.
The central metal net 14 is fixed at four corners through anchor rods, and the edge metal net 15 is connected at the edge, so that the installation mode of the actual metal net can be better simulated. One side of the edge wire 15 is in overlap connection with the side of the central wire 14, i.e. has an overlap 16. The edge metal mesh 15 and the center metal mesh 14 are connected segment by binding wires at the overlap region 16. The binding wire installation site 17 is shown in fig. 7.
To ensure the connection firmness, each grid on the side edge of the central metal net 14 can be connected with the grids of the edge metal net 15 in a one-to-one correspondence manner through binding wires. And a plurality of rows of binding wire mounting locations 17 may be provided at the overlapping locations 16 of the central wire mesh 14 and the edge wire mesh 15. Preferably, a row of binding wire mounting sites 17 may be provided at each of the edges of the central wire mesh 14 and the edges of the edge wire mesh 15.
The other side of the edge metal net 15, namely the side far away from the center metal net 14, is connected with one end of a connecting piece 18, and the other end of the connecting piece 18 is rotationally connected with the top side wall of the frame 1, so that the edges of the connecting piece 18 and the edge metal net 15 rotate in the horizontal and vertical directions to a certain extent; the flexibility of the underground metal mesh boundary can be effectively and truly simulated, so that the stress and bearing mode of the central metal mesh 14 are consistent with the actual site.
Further, referring to fig. 5, the top side wall of the frame 1 is provided with a plurality of beams 10 on either side, the beams 10 penetrate through the top side wall of the frame 1 so that one end is located inside the frame 1, one end of each beam 10 is rotatably connected with one end of a connecting piece 18, and the other end of the connecting piece 18 is detachably connected with the other side of the edge metal mesh 15.
One end of the beam 10 is located inside the frame 1, and the other end is located outside the frame 1. One end of the cross beam 10 can be hinged with the connecting piece 18, and the cross beam can be connected with the connecting piece 18 through a pin shaft, and can also be connected through a ball hinge, so that the connecting piece 18 can rotate. The other end of the connecting piece 18 can be connected with the edge metal net 15 by a ring-shaped or U-shaped clamping head. Specifically, the U-shaped clamping head comprises a U-shaped clamping ring and a clamping seat, and the U-shaped clamping ring is detachably connected with the clamping seat through bolts. The other end of the connecting piece 18 can be annular, and the connection between the other end of the connecting piece 18 and the edge metal net 15 can be realized through a clamping head.
Further, each grid on the other side of the edge metal net 15 is connected with a connecting piece 18, and each connecting piece 18 is correspondingly provided with a cross beam 10 so as to ensure the firmness of edge connection.
Further, the other side of the edge metal mesh 15 is rotatably fixed to the top side wall of the frame 1 around both the horizontal direction and the vertical direction through a connecting piece 18, specifically: a spherical hinge structure is connected between the other side of the edge metal net 15 and the cross beam 10 to realize the rotation of the edge metal net 15 in any direction. The spherical hinge structure may be disposed between the edge metal mesh 15 and the connecting member 18, or may be disposed on the connecting member 18, or may be disposed between the connecting member 18 and the cross beam 10, which is not particularly limited. A horizontal rotating structure and a vertical rotating structure can be arranged between the other side of the edge metal net 15 and the cross beam 10. That is, the horizontal rotating structure and the vertical rotating structure are separated between the two, for example, the horizontal rotating structure can be arranged between the edge metal net 15 and the connecting piece 18, and can be realized through a bearing; the vertical rotation structure is provided on the connection member 18 or between the connection member 18 and the cross beam 10, and may be realized by a pin or a hinge. The specific examples are not limited.
Further, referring to fig. 5 and 6, on the basis of the above embodiment, the cross beams 10 are screwed with the top side wall of the frame 1, and the tension wheel 11 is connected to the other end of at least one cross beam 10 on either side of the frame 1. The crossbeam 10 can horizontally move relative to the frame 1 by rotating the tensioning wheel 11 to drive the crossbeam 10 to rotate, so that the edge metal net 15 can be pulled to horizontally move, and tensioning of the edge metal net 15 can be realized.
Further, a plurality of tensioning wheels 11 may be symmetrically disposed at any side of the frame 1 to symmetrically apply tensioning forces thereto at a plurality of locations at the side of the edge wire 15. Further, bearing structures may be provided between the connection 18 and the cross beam 10 to enable rotation of the cross beam 10.
Further, referring to fig. 4 and 5, a protruding strip 12 is vertically connected to one end of at least one beam 10 on either side of the frame 1, a long slot 13 is provided on the support surface 2 corresponding to the protruding strip 12, the length direction of the slot 13 is perpendicular to the side of the frame 1, and the protruding strip 12 is inserted into the slot 13.
The length direction of the clamping groove 13 at either side of the frame 1 is perpendicular to the side direction. When the tension wheel 11 is rotated to tension the edge metal net 15, the cross beam 10 pulls the edge metal net 15 to horizontally move toward the side. The matching of the raised strips 12 and the clamping grooves 13 can limit and position the moving direction, and the deviation of the edge metal net 15 can be prevented from influencing the accuracy of the test result.
Further, bearing structures may be provided between the ribs 12 and the cross member 10 to achieve rotation of the cross member 10.
Further to the above embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the impact mechanism comprises an impact member 5 and a fixing structure 6 connected to the gantry 3, the fixing structure 6 being used for connecting the impact member 5 to fix the impact member 5 above the opening 4 and releasing the impact member 5 such that the impact member 5 falls freely. I.e. the connection between the fixed structure 6 and the impact member 5 is controllable; when the fixing structure 6 is connected with the impact piece 5, the fixing structure 6 generates a fixing constraint force on the impact piece 5, and the impact piece 5 can be fixed at a certain height above the opening 4; when the fixing structure 6 and the impact piece 5 are disconnected, the fixing structure 6 releases the fixing constraint force on the impact piece 5, so that the impact piece 5 can freely fall on the member to be tested, and impact force is generated on the member to be tested.
Further, the impact member 5 includes an impact drop hammer; the fixed structure 6 comprises electromagnetic connection means. The impact member 5 may be an iron hammer; the fixed structure 6 may be a magnetically controllable electromagnet. Thereby controlling the fixation or release of the impact member 5 by controlling the on-off of the magnetism of the electromagnetic connection device.
Further, the fixing structure 6 may be other structures, such as a pulley structure, the impact member 5 may be connected to a rope, the rope may be wound around the pulley, the impact member 5 may be initially fixed at a certain height by limiting the pulley, and during an impact test, the limiting fixation of the pulley may be released, so that the pulley may be freely rotated, thereby releasing the rope, and the impact member 5 may fall. The specific form of the fixing structure 6 is not limited, with the aim of enabling a controllable connection with the impact member 5.
Further, the impact mechanism may also adopt other structures capable of providing a downward impact force, and is not particularly limited.
Further to the above embodiment, the impact mechanism further comprises a lifting structure 20, the lifting structure 20 being connected to the gantry 3 for lifting the falling impact member 5. After the impact test is completed, the impact member 5 can be lifted to a certain height by the lifting structure 20 so as to facilitate the next impact test.
Further, the lifting structure 20 may be connected to the fixed structure 6; the height of the impact member 5 is adjusted by adjusting the height of the fixed structure 6. The attachment structure 6 may be first established with the impact member 5 and the attachment structure 6 and the impact member 5 may then be lifted by means of the lifting structure 20. Specifically, the lifting structure 20 may be a winch, a cylinder, or the like, which is not specifically limited, and is intended to achieve vertical movement. Lifting structures 20 may be provided on the gantry 3 on both sides of the fixed structure 6, respectively, to apply a symmetrical lifting force to the fixed structure 6.
Further, the lifting structure 20 may also be directly connected to the impact member 5. The lifting structure 20 may be, but is not limited to, a winch, etc., for the purpose of lifting the impact member 5 and facilitating the falling of the impact member 5. Further, the initial height of the impact member 5 may also be adjustable by means of the lifting structure 20.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the impact member 5 has a ring structure, the portal frame 3 is vertically connected with a guide rod 9, and the impact member 5 is sleeved on the guide rod 9. So as to limit the moving direction of the impact member 5 and avoid the impact test from influencing and damaging the surrounding environment. The outer diameter of the guide rod 9 is smaller than the mesh size of the metal net; thereby facilitating the passage through the metal mesh and better defining the direction of movement of the impact member 5.
A damping table 21 is arranged below the supporting surface 2 and corresponding to the opening 4. The impact piece 5 is prevented from falling on the ground when falling, and damage or vibration to the ground are avoided. The damper table 21 may be a rubber table.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, this embodiment provides a method for testing impact mechanical properties of an anchor bolt support composite member and a metal mesh, where the method is based on the apparatus for testing impact mechanical properties of an anchor bolt support composite member and a metal mesh according to any one of the above embodiments, and the method includes: and fastening the support combined member and/or the metal net at the position of the support surface 2 corresponding to the opening 4 through an anchor rod, and carrying out impact mechanical property test on the support combined member and/or the metal net by falling of the impact mechanism. Wherein the metal net comprises a center metal net 14 to be tested and edge metal nets 15 lapped on the side edges of the center metal net 14; the edge metal mesh 15 is flexibly connected to the side wall of the top of the frame 1. The flexible connection, i.e. the edge wire 15, is rotatable in both horizontal and vertical directions relative to the frame 1. A tensioning structure is also arranged between the edge metal net 15 and the side wall at the top of the frame 1; for adjusting the degree of tension of the metal mesh.
The test method specifically comprises the following steps: the supporting combined member is arranged below the supporting surface 2, the supporting combined member is fixed at the first through holes 7 at the two sides of the opening 4 through anchors, and the impact mechanism impacts downwards to perform performance test on the supporting combined member; the central metal net 14 is arranged below the supporting surface 2, the central metal net 14 is fixed with the supporting surface 2 through anchor rods at four corners, and the impact mechanism impacts downwards to perform performance test on the central metal net 14; the central metal net 14 is arranged below the supporting surface 2, supporting combined members are respectively arranged on two sides below the central metal net 14, each supporting combined member spans the opening 4, two sides of each supporting combined member correspond to the position of the second through hole 8, the supporting combined members and the central metal net 14 are fixed at the position of the second through hole 8 through anchors, the central metal net 14 is simultaneously connected with the edge metal net 15 for fixing, and the impact mechanism impacts downwards to perform impact mechanical property test on the combination of the supporting combined members and the metal net.
The adjusting parameters in the impact mechanical property test comprise at least one of the weight of the impact piece 5, the height of the impact piece 5, the fastening force of the anchor rods, the distance between the anchor rods, the lateral tension of the central metal net 14 and the types of the supporting combined components and the metal net in the impact mechanism. The parameters can be adjusted, and the impact mechanical properties of the member to be tested under different parameters are tested.
The test method further comprises the following steps: when the performance test is carried out on the combination of the support combined component and the metal net, the types of the support combined component and the metal net and the distance between the anchor rods can be changed, and the test analysis is carried out on the matching selection of the support combined component and the metal net.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the embodiment relates to an anchor bolt support combined member and a metal net drop hammer impact device, the device can realize the mechanical property test of a metal net support system, an anchor bolt support combined member support system and a support system formed by mutually matching the two under the impact action of different energies, further obtain the metal net type with the best impact resistance and the matching relation of the two under the action of dynamic load, and the research result can provide reference for the rock burst roadway support design.
The test host of the device is divided into four parts of a host frame, a drop hammer impact device, a fixing device and a tensioning device. Host frame: the main frame is a main bearing mechanism of the test device, and consists of a frame 1 and a portal frame 3, wherein the frame 1 and the portal frame 3 need to ensure enough rigidity, and the test system is ensured to be stable under the impact of a drop hammer.
Drop hammer impact device: the drop hammer impact device mainly comprises a lifting structure 20, an impact drop hammer, a guide rod 9, an electromagnetic connecting device and a damping table 21; the lifting structure 20 is mainly used for adjusting the height of the drop hammer, so that the drop hammer is in direct contact with the electromagnetic connecting device, the impact drop hammer is a hollow annular iron block, and the setting of different impact energies can be realized by adjusting the weight of the drop hammer at the same height; the hollow drop hammer is sleeved on the guide rod 9. The tested metal net and anchor bolt support combined member support system has certain elasticity, so that the falling weight is prevented from rebounding due to the elasticity of the metal net after being impacted, and the falling weight is sleeved on the guide rod 9, so that the falling weight can rebound only along the vertical direction. The electromagnetic connecting device is used for controlling the impact process of the drop hammer, the electromagnetic valve is opened, and the drop hammer is fixedly connected with the electromagnetic connecting device; the solenoid valve is closed, and the drop hammer loses magnetism with the electromagnetic connecting device and then impacts downwards along the guide rod 9. The shock-absorbing stand 21 is to prevent the impact drop hammer from damaging the foundation and protect the test system.
And a fixing device: the fixing mode of the component is divided into two modes, namely anchor rod fixing and boundary connection arrangement. Aiming at anchor rod fixation, through setting up different holes on the testing machine steel plate, the aperture is 30mm, and the second through-hole 8 of four positions sets up 25 holes respectively, and horizontal and vertical distance between two holes are 50mm respectively, through arranging the stock in different holes, realizes the control to the row spacing between the stock, according to the arrangement condition in above stock hole, this testing machine can realize the regulation to the row spacing between 0.8m, 0.9m, 1m, 1.1m, 1.2m five kinds of stocks respectively.
The boundary connection mode is an annular structure, a spherical hinge structure is arranged in the structure, the spherical hinge structure can rotate in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction to simulate the flexible state of the underground metal net, the U-shaped clamping head is selected to be connected in the connection mode of the annular structure and the metal net to prevent boundary damage caused by too low strength, and the test metal net and the boundary metal net are strictly connected according to the installation mode of the underground anchor net, namely, the spherical hinge structure is firstly lapped by 100mm and then the double-side connection is carried out by adopting binding wires.
Horizontal tensioning device: the tensioning device is uniformly arranged on the cross beam 10 through the annular connecting device, the manual rollers, namely the tensioning wheel 11, are arranged on the outer side of the cross beam 10, the raised strips 12 are arranged on the cross beam 10, the clamping grooves 13 are formed in the supporting surface 2, and the movement of the cross beam 10 in the horizontal direction is controlled through adjusting the manual rollers. Because the cross beam 10 is fixedly connected with the annular connecting device, the annular connecting device is driven to move by regulating and controlling the movement of the cross beam 10, so that the tensioning force of the metal net in the horizontal direction is regulated. According to the symmetry principle, the annular connecting device of one quarter part of each side is extracted, the tension sensor is arranged at the upper part and is connected with the software console, and the tension of the metal net can be controlled and monitored.
The test device can realize the following test functions:
and (3) impact load testing of the anchor rod support combined member: the W-shaped steel belt and the steel bar joist which are commonly used at present are respectively fixed at the center side of the testing machine, the anchor rods are fixed at the two sides to apply enough pretightening force, the impact load test is carried out through the impact drop hammer at the upper part, and the mechanical response characteristics of the anchor rod support combined member under the impact load effect are studied.
Impact load test of the metal mesh support system: in the metal net test scheme, five metal nets are included, one metal net is respectively arranged at the center, the upper part, the lower part, the left part and the right part, the metal nets are lapped by 100mm, and the metal nets are connected section by section through binding wires (14 # iron wires). In the connection aspect of the metal net and the testing machine, the metal net and an annular connecting device on the testing machine are connected through a U-shaped clamping head; the annular connecting device is hinged with the testing machine in a spherical manner, so that the annular connecting device is allowed to rotate in the horizontal and vertical directions; the flexibility of the underground metal net boundary is effectively simulated, so that the stress and bearing mode of the central test metal net is consistent with that of the site, and when the metal net is installed, four anchor rods are adopted to be fixed strictly according to a certain interval row distance, and further impact load test is carried out through an upper drop hammer.
And under the impact load, the matching performance test of the anchor bolt support combined member and the metal net: in the matching test of the two, after the connection relation between the metal net and the testing machine is established, the anchor bolt support combined member is respectively arranged between the tray 19 and the metal net before the anchor bolts are arranged, and enough pretightening force is applied for fixing, the dynamic load test method is consistent with the test of the metal net, and the matching and shape selection problem between different types of metal nets and the anchor bolt support combined member under the impact action of drop hammers can be respectively obtained through the dynamic test of different types of support systems.
Dynamic load test of support system under different tensioning force: the tensioning device equipped with the device is used for applying different tensioning forces to the metal mesh support system, so that the influence rule of horizontal tensioning force on the impact mechanical response characteristic of the support system can be tested.
Aiming at the serious problem that a supporting member (particularly a metal net) in a rock burst roadway is seriously damaged under the action of a power load to cause supporting failure, the embodiment develops the device and the method for testing the impact mechanical properties of the surface protecting member of the well roadway, can realize the mechanical property test of different types of surface protecting members under the action of drop hammer impact, and can effectively guide the on-site rock burst roadway supporting design according to the test result, particularly the selection of the metal net in a supporting system and promote the development of the rock burst roadway supporting.
According to the embodiment, laboratory reduction simulation can be performed according to the actual installation mode of the underground metal net, the mechanical response characteristics of the underground metal net under the action of different impact energies are tested, and the test result has higher accuracy compared with an underground actual supporting system. The testing machine is provided with a horizontal tensioning device, and the impact resistance of the metal mesh support system under the action of different tensioning forces can be tested by adjusting the horizontal tensioning device, so that a basis is provided for the installation of the underground metal mesh and the application of the horizontal tensioning force. The mechanical response characteristics of the anchor bolt support combined member under the impact load can be tested, and the bearing mode of the anchor bolt support combined member is consistent with the stress state of the underground anchor bolt support combined member. The impact resistance of the support system formed by the metal net matched with different anchor bolt support combined components can be tested, so that the matching and shape selection problem between different metal nets and anchor bolt support combined components can be obtained, and a basis is provided for selecting the rock burst roadway support mode.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. The device for testing the impact mechanical properties of the anchor bolt support combined member and the metal net comprises a frame and a supporting surface arranged at the top end of the frame, and is characterized in that an opening and a portal frame are arranged on the supporting surface, and the portal frame is connected with an impact mechanism above the opening;
the support surface is symmetrically provided with a plurality of through holes for fixing anchor rods on two sides of the opening, the anchor rods penetrate through the through holes and are detachably fastened on the support surface respectively on two sides of the through holes, and the support combined member and/or the central metal net to be tested are fixed on the position, corresponding to the opening, of the support surface through the anchor rods for performance test;
the central metal net is symmetrically placed with respect to the opening, any side edge of the central metal net is connected with an edge metal net, one side edge of the edge metal net is connected with the side edge of the central metal net in a lap joint manner, and the other side edge of the edge metal net is rotatably fixed on the top side wall of the rack through a connecting piece;
the top side wall of the frame is provided with a plurality of cross beams on any side edge, one end of each cross beam penetrates through the top side wall of the frame to be positioned in the frame, one end of each cross beam is rotationally connected with one end of a connecting piece, and the other end of each connecting piece is detachably connected with the other side of the edge metal net;
the cross beams are in threaded connection with the side wall of the top of the frame, and a tensioning wheel is connected to the other end of at least one cross beam on any side of the frame;
one end of at least one beam on any side of the frame is vertically connected with a convex strip, a long strip-shaped clamping groove is formed in the position, corresponding to the convex strip, of the supporting surface, the length direction of the clamping groove is perpendicular to the side of the frame, and the convex strip is inserted into the clamping groove.
2. The anchor bolt support composite member and metal mesh impact mechanical property test device according to claim 1, wherein when the support composite member is tested, the steel strip of the support composite member is placed perpendicular to the opening, the through holes comprise first through holes respectively corresponding to two sides of the steel strip, and the support composite member is detachably fixed on a supporting surface at the first through holes through an anchor rod.
3. The anchor bolt support composite member and metal mesh impact mechanical property test device according to claim 1, wherein the through holes further comprise second through holes corresponding to four corners of the central metal mesh respectively, and the central metal mesh is detachably fixed to the supporting surface at the second through holes through anchor bolts.
4. A combined anchor bolt support structure and metal mesh impact mechanical property testing device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the impact mechanism comprises an impact member and a fixing structure connected to the portal frame, the fixing structure being used for connecting the impact member to fix the impact member above the opening and releasing the impact member so that the impact member falls freely.
5. The anchor bolt support assembly and wire mesh impact mechanical property testing device of claim 4, wherein the impact mechanism further comprises a lifting structure connected to the gantry for lifting the falling impact member.
6. The anchor bolt support composite member and metal mesh impact mechanical property test device according to claim 4, wherein the impact piece is of an annular structure, a guide rod is vertically connected to the portal frame, and the impact piece is sleeved on the guide rod.
7. An impact mechanical property test method for an anchor bolt support combined member and a metal net, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the steps that a supporting combined member and/or a metal net is/are fastened at the position, corresponding to an opening, of a supporting surface through an anchor rod, an impact mechanism falls down to conduct impact mechanical property test on the supporting combined member and/or the metal net, the metal net comprises a center metal net to be tested and an edge metal net which is lapped on the side edge of the center metal net, and the edge metal net is flexibly connected to the side wall of the top of a frame;
the adjustment parameters in the impact mechanical property test comprise at least one of the weight of the impact member in the impact mechanism, the height of the impact member, the fastening force of the anchor rods, the spacing of the anchor rods, the lateral tension of the central metal mesh and the kind of the support combination member and the metal mesh.
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