CN115034097B - Underground engineering excavation compensation design method - Google Patents
Underground engineering excavation compensation design method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an excavation compensation design method for underground engineering, which relates to the field of underground engineering surrounding rock control, and comprises high prestress design, diffusion mode design and durability design to obtain an excavation compensation design scheme; establishing a prestress numerical calculation model and calculating a prestress value; determining a prestress application mode and a stressed carrier to form a high prestress design according to the prestress value; selecting a watch-protecting component, and establishing a numerical model of the underground engineering surrounding rock to obtain the mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock of the watch-protecting component in different arrangement forms; establishing a comprehensive evaluation index according to the mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock, and determining an optimal watch protecting component arrangement form; building a numerical calculation model of surrounding rock and a support component, determining a force transmission range, and forming a diffusion mode design; selecting an anchoring mode, and measuring the bearing capacity; obtaining constant-resistance energy absorption performance according to a constant-resistance energy absorption effect measurement test of the supporting member; the anti-disturbance performance is obtained according to a composite stress performance test of the supporting member, and a durability design is formed; the reliability of the surrounding rock control is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of underground engineering surrounding rock control, in particular to an underground engineering excavation compensation design method.
Background
At present, the support mode of underground engineering mainly takes anchor net spraying as a main mode, the support design mostly takes engineering experience as reference, and the following problems exist: the compensation effect of the support prestress is not fully considered, and the self-bearing capacity of the support system for actively mobilizing the surrounding rock is insufficient; the design of a prestress diffusion mode is lacked, so that the prestress is difficult to effectively diffuse to surrounding rocks; the durability problem of the supporting member is not fully considered, and the strength reserve of the supporting system is insufficient.
CN114320459A discloses a mine dynamic disaster classification control method, which includes a design of an excavation compensation control method, including a surrounding rock pressure relief control method and an impact-resistant energy-absorbing support member design, wherein the surrounding rock pressure relief control method includes roadway smooth blasting, coal wall drilling pressure relief, surrounding rock loosening blasting, and the impact-resistant energy-absorbing support member design includes a high prestress design, a constant resistance energy-absorbing design, and a high strength yielding design. Although the excavation compensation control method is designed, the design of a prestress diffusion mode and the durability design of the supporting member are not involved, and the problems that prestress cannot be effectively diffused to surrounding rocks and the strength of a supporting system is insufficient still exist.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an underground engineering excavation compensation design method, which is used for designing high prestress in underground engineering, simultaneously considering the diffusion of the prestress in surrounding rocks and the strength storage of a supporting member, designing a diffusion mode and designing durability, and ensuring the reliability of the control of the surrounding rocks in the underground engineering.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the embodiment of the invention provides an underground engineering excavation compensation design method, which comprises the steps of respectively carrying out high prestress design, diffusion mode design and durability design to obtain an excavation compensation design scheme;
the method comprises the steps of establishing a prestress numerical calculation model, and calculating a prestress value; determining a prestress application mode and a stressed carrier according to the prestress value to form a high prestress design;
selecting different meter protection components, and checking the meter protection effect; establishing a numerical model taking underground engineering surrounding rock as a research object to obtain surrounding rock mechanical parameters of different watch-protecting members in different arrangement forms; establishing a comprehensive evaluation index according to the mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock, and determining an optimal arrangement form of a watch protecting component; establishing a numerical calculation model taking surrounding rocks and a supporting component as research objects together, determining a force transmission range, and forming a diffusion mode design;
selecting an anchoring mode, and measuring the bearing capacity; obtaining constant-resistance energy absorption performance according to a constant-resistance energy absorption effect measurement test of the supporting member; and (4) obtaining the anti-disturbance performance according to a composite stress performance determination test of the supporting member, and forming a durability design.
As a further implementation mode, simulating excavation support effects of different prestressing forces through a prestressing force numerical calculation model to obtain a minimum prestressing force value required by meeting allowable deformation;
when the designed prestress is larger than the set range, selecting a constant-resistance energy-absorbing material for applying high prestress and a stressed carrier; when the designed prestress is smaller than the set range, the stressed carrier is made of conventional supporting materials.
As a further implementation, when the design prestress is greater than a set range, a high prestress tensioning machine is adopted; when the designed prestress is smaller than the set range, a conventional prestress tensioning machine is adopted.
As a further implementation mode, different surface protection components are selected according to the surrounding rock conditions of the underground engineering;
by the formula
Checking the surface protection effect, wherein w is the number of different support types in the underground engineering, and S 1 For setting the contact area of the supporting member with the surrounding rock in a unit length of the type of support, S 2 To set the area of the timbering type not in contact with the timbering member per unit length, K i To protect the surface strength coefficient, α i Is the contact protection factor.
As a further implementation mode, the surrounding rock mechanical parameters comprise a surrounding rock plastic zone range, a surrounding rock deformation value and a surrounding rock stress value.
As a further implementation mode, according to the distribution condition of the surrounding rock stratum and the size of the surface protection component, a numerical calculation model taking the surrounding rock and the support component as a research object is constructed, and the force transmission range inside the surrounding rock of different anchor rod or anchor cable striking positions and striking angles is simulated so as to determine the hole opening position and the striking angle of the anchor rod or anchor cable on the surface protection component.
As a further implementation mode, the anchoring mode selection and the anchoring force measurement form an anchoring effect design, and the anchoring mode is selected according to surrounding rock conditions; if the surrounding rock is broken, adopting a grouting anchor rod or an anchor cable to anchor the surrounding rock in full length; if the surrounding rock is good, adopting a conventional end head for anchoring or lengthening for anchoring;
and (4) measuring the anchoring force at different time periods after the anchor rod or the anchor cable is installed, and obtaining the loss condition of the anchoring force along with time.
As a further implementation mode, the number of supporting members and the row spacing between the supporting members are designed by taking the energy absorption required value as a standard and combining the constant-resistance energy absorption performance of the supporting members; and determining an energy absorption requirement value according to the microseismic monitoring data.
As a further implementation mode, composite stress performance testing tests of the supporting member under various complex conditions are carried out, and design requirements are provided for the supporting member according to a composite stress performance testing result.
As a further implementation mode, a construction excavation compensation design scheme is constructed, and monitoring evaluation feedback is carried out.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method closely combines the engineering characteristics, adopts various modes such as numerical simulation, indoor test and the like to carry out high-prestress design in underground engineering, compensates the stress loss value of the surrounding rock caused by excavation, and fully mobilizes the self-supporting capacity of the surrounding rock; meanwhile, the diffusion of the prestress in surrounding rock and the strength storage of the supporting member are considered, the diffusion mode design and the durability design are carried out, and the reliability of the underground engineering excavation compensation design is ensured.
The invention develops diversified information monitoring evaluation feedback and further guides an optimization design method.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of the present invention in accordance with one or more embodiments.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows:
the embodiment provides an underground engineering excavation compensation design method, which comprises the following steps: respectively carrying out high prestress design, diffusion mode design and durability design to obtain an excavation compensation design scheme;
the method comprises the following steps of establishing a prestress numerical calculation model, and calculating a prestress value; determining a prestress application mode and a stressed carrier according to the prestress value to form a high prestress design;
selecting a watch-protecting component, and establishing a numerical model of the underground engineering surrounding rock to obtain the mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock of the watch-protecting component in different arrangement forms; establishing a comprehensive evaluation index according to the mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock, and determining an optimal arrangement form of a watch protecting component; building a numerical calculation model of surrounding rock and a support component, determining a force transmission range, and forming a diffusion mode design;
selecting an anchoring mode, and measuring the bearing capacity; the constant-resistance energy absorption performance is obtained through a test according to the constant-resistance energy absorption effect of the supporting member; and (4) obtaining the anti-disturbance performance according to a composite stress performance determination test of the support member, and forming a durability design.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the high prestress design includes a prestress value design, a prestress application mode design, and a stressed carrier design; the design of the diffusion mode comprises meter protection capacity design, diffusion efficiency design and force transmission range design; the design of the durability comprises an anchoring effect design, a constant-resistance energy absorption design and an anti-disturbance performance design.
Furthermore, the prestress value is simulated by establishing a numerical calculation model of the engineering site 1, and excavation support effects of different prestress to obtain the minimum prestress value required by allowable deformation.
For example: the prestress application scheme is designed according to an arithmetic progression, for example, the numerical simulation sequence of prestress is 10t, 12t, 14t and 16t. And (3) selecting a prestress value 10t meeting the allowable deformation when the surrounding rock deformation is 100mm, the surrounding rock deformation is 130mm when the prestress is 10t, the surrounding rock deformation is 100mm when the prestress is 12t, 90mm when the prestress is 14t and 85mm when the prestress is 16t.
The design of the stressed carrier is determined according to the design prestress, when the design prestress is more than 20t, the design prestress is defined as applying high prestress, and the stressed carrier material is a constant-resistance energy-absorbing material with the effects of high strength, high toughness, high elongation and high energy absorption. When the designed prestress is less than 20t, the conventional supporting material is adopted.
And selecting a prestress application mode design according to a prestress value obtained by simulation, when the designed prestress is more than 20t, adopting a high-prestress tensioning machine to complete tensioning of 1.1 times of a prestress design value at one time, monitoring after tensioning is completed, completing tensioning if the prestress value is more than the design value, and tensioning again if the prestress value is less than the design value.
If the designed prestress is less than 20t, a conventional prestress tensioning tool is adopted.
Further, the design of the watch protection capability comprises the selection of watch protection components and the checking calculation of watch protection effect.
Selecting different surface protection components according to the surrounding rock conditions of the underground engineering; for stabilizing the surrounding rock, a steel belt is selected as a surface protection component. And selecting I-shaped steel, channel steel, U-shaped steel and other steel anchor cable beams as surface protection members for slightly broken surrounding rocks. And selecting the anchor cable box girder as a surface protection member for the severely crushed surrounding rock.
For underground engineering with higher ground stress, the surface protection member is matched with a high-strength yielding ring for use.
By the formula
Checking the surface protection effect, wherein w is the number of different support types in the underground engineering, and S 1 For setting the contact area of the supporting member with the surrounding rock in a unit length of the type of support, S 2 To set the area of the support type not in contact with the support member per unit length, K i To protect the surface strength coefficient, α i And selecting the contact protection coefficient according to the contact condition of the surrounding rock and the protection member. And selecting a specific checking range according to the actual engineering condition.
Furthermore, the diffusion efficiency design is that a numerical model taking underground engineering surrounding rocks as a research object is established in combination with an engineering site, and the range of the plastic zone of the surrounding rocks, the deformation value of the surrounding rocks and the distance between the internal stress mutation point of the surrounding rocks and a roadway under different arrangement forms of the surface protection member are obtained through simulation.
And comparing the calculation results through a comprehensive evaluation index calculation formula, wherein the lower the comprehensive evaluation index value of the diffusion efficiency indicates that the better the stress diffusion effect is, and selecting the arrangement form with the lowest comprehensive evaluation index of the diffusion efficiency in the simulation scheme. Namely, a comprehensive evaluation index of diffusion efficiency is established
x 1 、x 2 、x 3 And determining an optimal arrangement form of the surface protection member for correcting the coefficient, wherein h is a plastic region range, s is a surrounding rock deformation value, and w is the distance between a surrounding rock internal stress mutation point and a roadway.
The different arrangement modes of the watch protection components comprise a transverse-longitudinal mode, a two transverse-longitudinal mode, an X-shaped cross arrangement mode and the like.
Further, the force transmission range design is that a numerical calculation model taking the surrounding rock and the support component as research objects together is constructed according to the surrounding rock stratum distribution condition and the size of the surface protection component, and the force transmission range inside the surrounding rock of different anchor rod or anchor cable striking positions and striking angles is obtained through simulation, so that the hole opening position and the striking angle of the anchor rod or anchor cable on the surface protection component are determined.
Simulation is carried out in the established numerical calculation model taking the surrounding rock and the supporting member as the research objects together by designing simulation schemes of different opening positions and different drilling angles. And (4) combining the opening position and the punching angle with the farthest stress transmission distance by analyzing the stress transmission distance in the surrounding rock.
Further, the design of the anchoring effect comprises the selection of an anchoring mode and the measurement of the bearing capacity.
The anchoring mode is selected according to the surrounding rock conditions and the prestress design condition.
The bearing capacity measurement is carried out under the field engineering condition.
If the surrounding rock is broken, a grouting anchor rod or an anchor cable is adopted for full-length anchoring.
If the surrounding rock is good, carrying out grouting full-length anchoring and end anchor bearing capacity determination pre-experiments, and selecting an anchoring mode with high bearing capacity.
Wherein, if the engineering site can obviously see that the rock mass on the surface of the surrounding rock is distributed in large granular, massive and crack shapes and sometimes falls along with the rock block, the surrounding rock is considered to be in a broken state.
Furthermore, the constant-resistance energy absorption design takes the energy absorption requirement value as a standard, and the number of the supporting members and the row spacing between the supports are designed by combining the constant-resistance energy absorption performance of the selected supporting members. To be provided with
To guide the calculation of the number of supporting elements, Q z Value required for energy absorption, Q i Constant resistance energy absorption performance of the support member of the ith category, W i The number of the support members in the ith category and the total number of the support members in the nth category. And designing the row spacing between supports according to the number of the support members and the required support area.
And converting the maximum energy value displayed by the field microseismic monitoring data according to the transmission attenuation rule of energy in the surrounding rock to obtain the energy absorption requirement value.
In the embodiment, the constant-resistance energy absorption effect measurement test comprises a drop hammer impact test and a Hopkinson impact test.
Further, the disturbance rejection performance design process is as follows: firstly, test equipment is adopted to carry out the test of measuring the composite stress performance of the supporting member under the complex conditions of tension, compression, bending, shearing and torsion as well as impact, explosion and the like, and the specific load combination form is determined according to the geological condition of an engineering site; and (4) providing design requirements for the supporting member according to the measurement result of the composite stress performance.
For the measurement result of the composite stress performance, if the performance of the supporting member is poor under the pulling and shearing action, the anti-shearing design should be carried out when the member is selected for supporting. If the member has poor performance under the action of tension and torsion, the member is selected as a supporting member, and an anti-torsion design is carried out.
And after the design is finished, an underground engineering excavation compensation design scheme is formed for field application, and after the design is applied, monitoring evaluation feedback is carried out on the engineering field. The monitoring evaluation feedback comprises surrounding rock stability evaluation, member integrity evaluation, overall deformation value evaluation, anchor rod or anchor cable stress evaluation, prestress effect evaluation and anchor tension evaluation.
And the surrounding rock stability evaluation is to divide the crushing condition of the surrounding rock by drilling peeking and thunder detection and determine the loosening ring range of the surrounding rock after the supporting is finished.
And the integrity evaluation of the member is to perform nondestructive detection on the adopted supporting member by adopting nondestructive detection equipment and evaluate the normal working condition of the stressed supporting member.
The overall deformation value evaluation is the deformation convergence measurement evaluation of a top plate, a bottom plate and two sides of an underground engineering tunnel, a tunnel, an underground chamber and the like.
And the evaluation of the stress of the anchor rod or the anchor cable is to install an anchor rod or anchor cable dynamometer on the anchor rod or the anchor cable adopted for supporting, monitor the stress of the anchor cable in the construction process and after construction and compare the monitored stress with the ultimate load of the anchor cable.
The prestress effect evaluation is to evaluate the prestress retention and loss. And (5) taking remedial measures such as repairing anchor rods or anchor cables and the like for overlarge loss of prestress.
And the anchoring drawing force evaluation is to perform anchoring drawing force test evaluation on the constructed anchor rod or anchor cable by random sampling.
In the embodiment, the underground engineering excavation compensation design method is subjected to feedback optimization through various monitoring and evaluation results.
According to the engineering characteristics, the supporting parameters suitable for the engineering characteristics are obtained by adopting various modes such as numerical simulation, indoor test, field test and the like. Through high prestressing force design, compensate the country rock stress loss value that leads to owing to the excavation, fully mobilize the self-supporting ability of country rock. The problems of the transmission and diffusion of prestress in surrounding rocks and the strength storage of the supporting member in a long-term load working state are considered.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. The underground engineering excavation compensation design method is characterized in that high prestress design, diffusion mode design and durability design are respectively carried out to obtain an excavation compensation design scheme;
the method comprises the steps of establishing a prestress numerical calculation model, and calculating a prestress value; determining a prestress application mode and a stressed carrier according to the prestress value to form a high prestress design;
selecting a watch-protecting component, and establishing a numerical model of the underground engineering surrounding rock to obtain the mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock of the watch-protecting component in different arrangement forms; establishing a comprehensive evaluation index according to the mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock, and determining an optimal arrangement form of a watch protecting component; building a numerical calculation model of surrounding rock and a support component, determining a force transmission range, and forming a diffusion mode design;
selecting an anchoring mode, and measuring the bearing capacity; obtaining constant-resistance energy absorption performance according to a constant-resistance energy absorption effect measurement test of the supporting member; according to a composite stress performance test of the supporting member, the anti-disturbance performance is obtained, and a durability design is formed;
comparing the calculation results through a comprehensive evaluation index calculation formula, wherein the lower the comprehensive evaluation index value of the diffusion efficiency indicates that the stress diffusion effect is better, and selecting the arrangement form with the lowest comprehensive evaluation index of the diffusion efficiency in the simulation scheme; namely, a comprehensive evaluation index of diffusion efficiency is established
x 1 、x 2 、x 3 Determining an optimal arrangement form of the surface protection member for correcting the coefficient, wherein h is a plastic region range, s is a surrounding rock deformation value, and w is the distance between a surrounding rock internal stress mutation point and a roadway;
according to the force transmission range design, according to the distribution condition of a surrounding rock stratum and the size of a surface protection component, a numerical calculation model taking the surrounding rock and a support component as a research object is constructed, the internal force transmission range of the surrounding rock with different anchor rod or anchor cable striking positions and striking angles is obtained through simulation, and the hole opening position and the striking angle of the anchor rod or anchor cable on the surface protection component are determined;
the constant-resistance energy absorption design takes the energy absorption requirement value as a standard, and the number of the support members and the row spacing between the supports are designed by combining the constant-resistance energy absorption performance of the selected support members; to be provided with
For guiding the calculation of the number of supporting members, Q z Value required for energy absorption, Q i Is the constant resistance energy absorption performance of the support member of the ith type, W i The number of the support members of the ith type is n, and the total number of the types of the support members is n; designing the row spacing between supports according to the number of the support members and the required support area;
converting the maximum energy value displayed by the field microseismic monitoring data according to the transmission attenuation rule of energy in the surrounding rock to obtain an energy absorption required value;
the constant-resistance energy absorption effect testing test comprises a drop hammer impact test and a Hopkinson impact test;
the anti-disturbance performance design process comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out a composite stress performance measurement test of the support member under various complex conditions by adopting test equipment, wherein a specific load combination form is determined according to the geological condition of an engineering site; according to the composite stress performance measurement result, the design requirement is provided for the supporting member;
for the measurement result of the composite stress performance, if the performance of the supporting member is poor under the pulling and shearing action, the anti-shearing design is required when the member is selected for supporting; if the member has poor performance under the action of tension and torsion, the member is selected as a supporting member, and an anti-torsion design is carried out.
2. The excavation compensation design method of the underground engineering according to claim 1, wherein simulation of excavation supporting effects of different prestressing forces is performed through a numerical calculation model to obtain a minimum prestressing force value required to meet allowable deformation;
when the designed prestress is larger than the set range, selecting a constant-resistance energy-absorbing material for applying high prestress and a stressed carrier; when the designed prestress is smaller than the set range, the stressed carrier is made of conventional supporting materials.
3. The underground engineering excavation compensation design method of claim 2, wherein when the design prestress is greater than a set range, a high prestress tensioning tool is used; when the designed prestress is smaller than the set range, a conventional prestress tensioning machine is adopted.
4. The underground engineering excavation compensation design method of claim 1, wherein different surface protecting members are selected according to the surrounding rock conditions of the underground engineering;
by the formula
Checking the surface protection effect, wherein w is the number of different support types in the underground engineering, and S 1 For setting the contact area of the supporting member with the surrounding rock in a unit length of the type of support, S 2 To set the area of the timbering type not in contact with the timbering member per unit length, K i To protect the surface strength coefficient, alpha i Is the contact protection factor.
5. The underground engineering excavation compensation design method of claim 1, wherein the surrounding rock mechanical parameters include a surrounding rock plastic zone range, a surrounding rock deformation value and a surrounding rock stress value.
6. The underground engineering excavation compensation design method of claim 1, wherein the anchoring mode selection and the anchoring force measurement constitute an anchoring effect design, and the anchoring mode is selected according to surrounding rock conditions; if the surrounding rock is broken, carrying out full-length anchoring by adopting a grouting anchor rod or an anchor rope; if the surrounding rock is good, adopting a conventional end head for anchoring or lengthening for anchoring;
and (4) measuring the anchoring force at different time periods after the anchor rod or the anchor cable is installed, and obtaining the condition of the loss of the anchoring force along with the time.
7. The underground engineering excavation compensation design method of claim 1, wherein the excavation compensation design scheme is constructed and monitoring, evaluation and feedback are performed.
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