CN112376001A - Forging and heat treatment process of free forging - Google Patents
Forging and heat treatment process of free forging Download PDFInfo
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- CN112376001A CN112376001A CN202011071543.4A CN202011071543A CN112376001A CN 112376001 A CN112376001 A CN 112376001A CN 202011071543 A CN202011071543 A CN 202011071543A CN 112376001 A CN112376001 A CN 112376001A
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- forging
- aluminum
- free forging
- casting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/14—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
Abstract
The invention relates to a forging and heat treatment process of a free forging, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: copper Cu: 3.5-6%, Cr: 0.08 to 0.2%, Ti: 0.05-0.15%, strontium Sr: 0.01% -0.04%, Si: 0.1-0.2%, Zr: 0.15-0.25%, slag remover: 4.0 to 5.5 percent of Al and inevitable impurities as the rest. The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the forging and heat treatment process of the free forging, annealing treatment, quenching treatment and overaging treatment are adopted during heat treatment, and various treatment modes are adopted, so that the internal stress of the aluminum alloy is eliminated, the purposes of stabilizing the size, improving the plasticity and reducing the deformation and the warpage are achieved, the strengthening components can be dissolved in the alloy to the maximum extent and can be fixed and stored to the room temperature, the plasticity of the aluminum alloy is improved, and better stress resistance and corrosion resistance are obtained, so that the performance of a free casting made of the aluminum alloy is better, and the aluminum alloy at the manufacturing position can be applied to more purposes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forging and heat treatment of free forgings, in particular to a forging and heat treatment process of a free forging.
Background
The forging is a forming method for manufacturing mechanical parts, workpieces, tools or blanks by applying external force to metal blanks (without plates) to generate plastic deformation, change the size, the shape and improve the performance, and the forging and the heat treatment of the forging are important processes in the forging.
The existing heat treatment process is simpler, and most of the existing heat treatment processes only adopt one mode to carry out heat treatment, so that the process requirement of the forge piece is lower, the forge piece is easy to generate flaws or damage, and the value performance of the forge piece is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a forging and heat treatment process for a free forging, which aims to solve the problem that the process requirement of the forging is low, flaws or damage easily occur and the value performance of the forging is influenced because the existing heat treatment process proposed in the background technology is simpler and most of the existing heat treatment processes only adopt one mode for heat treatment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a forging and heat treatment process of a free forging comprises the following components in percentage by mass: copper Cu: 3.5-6%, Cr: 0.08 to 0.2%, Ti: 0.05-0.15%, strontium Sr: 0.01% -0.04%, Si: 0.1-0.2%, Zr: 0.15-0.25%, slag remover: 4.0 to 5.5 percent of Al and inevitable impurities as the rest.
Preferably, the forging step of the free forging is as follows: (1) melting aluminum; (2) copper and strontium; (3) fusing the other raw materials; (4) and removing slag to obtain the alloy.
Preferably, the melting of the aluminium: adding aluminum into a smelting furnace, heating to 650-700 ℃, melting the aluminum, and stirring the aluminum liquid to accelerate the mixing of the aluminum liquid while melting the aluminum.
Preferably, the fusion of copper and strontium: the temperature in the smelting furnace is raised to 1000-1200 ℃, copper and strontium are added into the smelting furnace simultaneously to be stirred and melted for 30min, so that the copper and the strontium can be fully fused with molten aluminum.
Preferably, the fusion of the rest raw materials: after the copper, the strontium and the aluminum are completely melted, heating the smelting furnace to 1400-2000 ℃, and then putting all the rest materials into the smelting furnace to be stirred until all the materials are melted.
Preferably, the slag is removed to obtain an alloy: and adding the molten aluminum alloy into a slag remover after all metals are completely molten, and refining for 45min to obtain the aluminum alloy liquid.
Preferably, the heat treatment process of the free forging comprises the following steps: (1) and casting in a heat preservation way; (2) annealing treatment; (3) free forging; (4) quenching; (5) carrying out aging treatment; (6) deformation treatment; (7) and finishing the treatment.
Preferably, the (1) heat-preservation casting: slagging off the aluminum alloy liquid, preserving heat for 35min, casting, controlling the casting temperature to be 6050-;
(2) and annealing treatment: heating the aluminum alloy casting to the temperature of 240-290 ℃, preserving heat for 22 ℃, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, slowly decomposing the solid solution, and gathering the precipitated second mass point, thereby eliminating the internal stress of the casting, and achieving the purposes of stabilizing the size, improving the plasticity and reducing the deformation and the warpage;
(3) and free forging: after the annealing is finished, free forging is carried out, the forging pressure is controlled to be 24MN, the finish forging temperature is 375-minus 424 ℃, and the open forging temperature is 455-minus 470 ℃, so that a free forging is obtained;
(4) and quenching: heating the free forging to 500-700 ℃, preserving heat for more than 2h to fully dissolve a soluble phase in the alloy, then rapidly quenching the free forging into water at 40-90 ℃ to rapidly cool the casting, so that a strengthening component is dissolved in the alloy to the maximum extent and is fixedly stored to room temperature;
(5) and aging treatment: heating the quenched aluminum alloy casting to 190-;
(6) and deformation treatment: after the aging treatment is finished, 2.1% -2.9% of deformation is applied to the free forging piece for deformation treatment;
(7) and finishing the treatment: applying pressure stress of 390 plus 460MPa to the free forging, heating to 215 plus 260 ℃, preserving heat for 2.5h at the temperature, continuously applying pressure stress of 350 plus 480MPa to the free forging, preserving heat for 2h at the temperature of 230 plus 290 ℃, finally applying pressure stress of 325 plus 450MPa to the free forging, and preserving heat for 2h at the temperature of 230 plus 290 ℃ to prepare the heat-treated free forging.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the chromium Cr is added into the aluminum alloy, and the chromium forms intermetallic compounds such as (CrFe) Al7 and (CrMn) Al12 in the aluminum, so that the nucleation and the growth process of recrystallization are hindered, a certain strengthening effect is realized on the alloy, the toughness of the alloy can be improved, and the stress corrosion cracking sensitivity can be reduced. But the quenching sensitivity is increased, so that the anodic oxide film is yellow.
2. The strontium Sr is added into the aluminum alloy, the effective modification time of the strontium is long, the effect and the reproducibility are good, 0.01-0.04% of strontium is added into the aluminum alloy, so that the beta-AlFeSi phase in the ingot is changed into the Chinese-character-shaped alpha-AlFeSi phase, the homogenization time of the ingot is reduced by 60-70%, and the mechanical property and the plastic processability of the material are improved; improve the surface roughness of the product.
3. The invention needs to stir continuously when preparing the aluminum alloy liquid, thereby enabling the temperature inside the smelting furnace to be more uniform, accelerating the melting of metal solids, simultaneously preventing the upper end of the aluminum alloy liquid from directly contacting with air and dissipating heat more quickly, preventing the upper part of the aluminum alloy liquid from coagulating to form a film to influence the contact melting of other metals and aluminum liquid, simultaneously preventing the stirring speed from being too high, and preventing the contact area of the aluminum liquid and air from being too large to cause a large amount of aluminum oxide to be produced in the aluminum liquid.
4. When the invention is in heat treatment, firstly, the internal stress of the casting is eliminated by annealing treatment, the purposes of stabilizing the size, improving the plasticity and reducing the deformation and the warpage are achieved, then, the invention carries out quenching to ensure that the strengthening component is dissolved in the alloy to the maximum extent and is fixed and stored to the room temperature, and finally, the invention carries out overaging treatment to ensure that the plasticity of the aluminum alloy is improved to some extent, and better stress resistance and corrosion resistance are obtained.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified; the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "front," "rear," "head," "tail," and the like, as used herein, refer to an orientation or positional relationship indicated based on an orientation or positional relationship as shown, for convenience in describing the invention and simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "connected" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, e.g., as being either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The invention provides a technical scheme that: a forging and heat treatment process of a free forging comprises the following components in percentage by mass: copper Cu: 3.5-6%, Cr: 0.08 to 0.2%, Ti: 0.05-0.15%, strontium Sr: 0.01% -0.04%, Si: 0.1-0.2%, Zr: 0.15-0.25%, slag remover: 4.0-5.5 percent, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the forging step of the free forging is as follows: (1) melting aluminum; (2) copper and strontium; (3) fusing the other raw materials; (4) and removing slag to prepare alloy, and melting aluminum: adding aluminum into a smelting furnace, heating to 650-700 ℃, melting the aluminum, stirring the aluminum liquid while melting the aluminum to accelerate the mixing of the aluminum liquid, and fusing copper and strontium: raising the temperature in the smelting furnace to 1000-1200 ℃, simultaneously adding copper and strontium into the smelting furnace, stirring and melting for 30min, so that the copper and the strontium can be fully fused with molten aluminum, and fusing the other raw materials: after copper, strontium and aluminum are completely melted, heating the smelting furnace to 1400-2000 ℃, then putting all the other materials into the smelting furnace to be stirred until all the materials are melted, and removing slag to obtain the alloy: adding all the molten metals into a slag remover, refining for 45min to obtain aluminum alloy liquid, wherein the heat treatment process of the free forging comprises the following steps: (1) and casting in a heat preservation way; (2) annealing treatment; (3) free forging; (4) quenching; (5) carrying out aging treatment; (6) deformation treatment; (7) and (1) finishing treatment, (1) heat preservation casting: slagging off the aluminum alloy liquid, preserving heat for 35min, casting, controlling the casting temperature to be 6050-780 ℃, controlling the casting speed to be 55-63mm/min and controlling the water pressure to be 0.04-0.11MPa, and preparing a casting; (2) and annealing treatment: heating the aluminum alloy casting to the temperature of 240-290 ℃, preserving the heat for 22 ℃, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, slowly decomposing the solid solution, and gathering the precipitated second mass point, thereby eliminating the internal stress of the casting and achieving the purposes of stabilizing the size, improving the plasticity and reducing the deformation and the warpage; (3) the self-contained forging piece: after the annealing is finished, free forging is carried out, the forging pressure is controlled to be 24MN, the finish forging temperature is 375-minus 424 ℃, and the open forging temperature is 455-minus 470 ℃, so that a free forging is obtained; (4) and quenching: heating the free forging to 500-700 ℃, preserving heat for more than 2h to fully dissolve a soluble phase in the alloy, then rapidly quenching the free forging into water at 40-90 ℃ to rapidly cool the casting, so that the strengthening components are dissolved in the alloy to the maximum extent and are fixedly stored to room temperature; (5) and aging treatment: heating the quenched aluminum alloy casting to 190-; (6) and deformation treatment: after the aging treatment is finished, applying 2.1% -2.9% of deformation to the free forging for deformation treatment; (7) and finishing the treatment: applying 390-460MPa compressive stress to the free forging, heating to 215-260 ℃, preserving heat for 2.5h at the temperature, continuously applying 350-480MPa compressive stress to the free forging, preserving heat for 2h at 230-390 ℃, finally applying 325-450MPa compressive stress to the free forging, preserving heat for 2h at 230-290 ℃, and preparing the heat-treated free forging, wherein chromium Cr is added into the aluminum alloy, and the chromium forms intermetallic compounds such as (CrFe) Al7 and (CrMn) Al12 in the aluminum to hinder the nucleation and the process of recrystallization, so that the alloy has a certain strengthening effect on the alloy, and the alloy toughness can be improved and the stress corrosion cracking sensitivity can be reduced. But the quenching sensitivity is increased in a meeting place, so that an anode oxide film is yellow, the effective time of strontium deterioration is long, the effect and the reproducibility are good, and the like, 0.01-0.04% of strontium is added into the aluminum alloy, so that the beta-AlFeSi phase in the ingot is changed into the Chinese character alpha-AlFeSi phase, the homogenization time of the ingot is reduced by 60-70%, and the mechanical property and the plastic processability of the material are improved; the surface roughness of a product is improved, the continuous stirring is needed when the aluminum alloy liquid is prepared, so that the temperature in a smelting furnace can be uniform, the melting of metal solids is accelerated, the upper end of the aluminum alloy liquid can be prevented from directly contacting with air, the heat is quickly dissipated, the upper part of the aluminum alloy liquid is prevented from being condensed to form a film to influence the contact melting of other metals and aluminum liquid, the stirring speed cannot be too high, the excessive contact area between the aluminum liquid and the air is prevented, a large amount of aluminum oxide is produced in the aluminum liquid, the internal stress of a casting is eliminated by annealing treatment during heat treatment, the purposes of stabilizing the size, improving the plasticity and reducing the deformation and the warpage are achieved, then the quenching is carried out to enable a strengthening component to be dissolved in the alloy to the maximum extent and fixedly stored to the room temperature, and finally the overaging treatment is carried out to improve the plasticity of the aluminum alloy, better stress resistance and corrosion resistance are obtained.
In conclusion, the forging and heat treatment process of the free forging piece comprises the steps of adding aluminum into a smelting furnace, heating to 650-700 ℃ to melt the aluminum, stirring the aluminum liquid while melting the aluminum to accelerate the mixing of the aluminum liquid, then heating the temperature in the smelting furnace to 1000-1200 ℃, adding copper and strontium into the smelting furnace to stir and melt for 30min to enable the copper and the strontium to be fully melted by the aluminum liquid, heating the smelting furnace to 1400-2000 ℃ after the copper and the strontium are fully melted with the aluminum, then placing all the rest materials into the smelting furnace to stir until all the materials are fully melted, then adding a slag removing agent after all the metals are fully melted, refining for 45min to obtain aluminum alloy liquid, removing the slag of the aluminum alloy liquid, keeping the temperature for 35min, casting, controlling the casting temperature to 6050-780 ℃, controlling the casting speed to be 55-63mm/min and the water pressure to be 0.04-0.11MPa to obtain a casting, heating the aluminum alloy casting to be at 290 ℃ for heat preservation 22, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to slowly decompose the solid solution, aggregating the precipitated second mass point so as to eliminate the internal stress of the casting and achieve the purposes of stabilizing the size, improving the plasticity and reducing the deformation and the warpage, carrying out free forging after the annealing is finished, controlling the forging pressure to be 24MN, the finish forging temperature to be 375 ℃ and 424 ℃, the open forging temperature to be 455 ℃ and 470 ℃, obtaining a free forging, heating the free forging to be at 500-700 ℃, preserving the temperature for more than 2h to fully dissolve the soluble phase in the alloy, then rapidly quenching the casting into water at 40-90 ℃ to rapidly cool the casting so that the strengthening component is dissolved in the alloy to the maximum extent and is fixed and stored to the room temperature, heating the quenched aluminum alloy casting to 190-.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts of the present invention are equivalent to or changed within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The forging and heat treatment process of the free forging is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: copper Cu: 3.5-6%, Cr: 0.08 to 0.2%, Ti: 0.05-0.15%, strontium Sr: 0.01% -0.04%, Si: 0.1-0.2%, Zr: 0.15-0.25%, slag remover: 4.0 to 5.5 percent of Al and inevitable impurities as the rest.
2. The forging and heat treatment process of a free forging according to claim 1, wherein: the free forging is forged by the following steps: (1) melting aluminum; (2) copper and strontium; (3) fusing the other raw materials; (4) and removing slag to obtain the alloy.
3. The forging and heat treatment process of a free forging according to claim 1, wherein: melting of the aluminum: adding aluminum into a smelting furnace, heating to 650-700 ℃, melting the aluminum, and stirring the aluminum liquid to accelerate the mixing of the aluminum liquid while melting the aluminum.
4. The forging and heat treatment process of a free forging according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) fusion of copper and strontium: the temperature in the smelting furnace is raised to 1000-1200 ℃, copper and strontium are added into the smelting furnace simultaneously to be stirred and melted for 30min, so that the copper and the strontium can be fully fused with molten aluminum.
5. The forging and heat treatment process of a free forging according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) fusing the other raw materials: after the copper, the strontium and the aluminum are completely melted, heating the smelting furnace to 1400-2000 ℃, and then putting all the rest materials into the smelting furnace to be stirred until all the materials are melted.
6. The forging and heat treatment process of a free forging according to claim 1, wherein: the slag removal is carried out to prepare the alloy: and adding the molten aluminum alloy into a slag remover after all metals are completely molten, and refining for 45min to obtain the aluminum alloy liquid.
7. The forging and heat treatment process of a free forging according to claim 1, wherein: the heat treatment process of the free forging comprises the following steps: (1) and casting in a heat preservation way; (2) annealing treatment; (3) free forging; (4) quenching; (5) carrying out aging treatment; (6) deformation treatment; (7) and finishing the treatment.
8. The forging and heat treatment process of a free forging according to claim 1, wherein: and (1) heat-preservation casting: slagging off the aluminum alloy liquid, preserving heat for 35min, casting, controlling the casting temperature to be 6050-780 ℃, controlling the casting speed to be 55-63mm/min and controlling the water pressure to be 0.04-0.11MPa, and preparing a casting;
(2) and annealing treatment: heating the aluminum alloy casting to the temperature of 240-290 ℃, preserving the heat for 22 ℃, cooling the aluminum alloy casting to room temperature along with the furnace, slowly decomposing the solid solution, and gathering the precipitated second mass point, thereby eliminating the internal stress of the casting and achieving the purposes of stabilizing the size, improving the plasticity and reducing the deformation and the warpage;
(3) and free forging: after the annealing is finished, free forging is carried out, the forging pressure is controlled to be 24MN, the finish forging temperature is 375-minus 424 ℃, and the open forging temperature is 455-minus 470 ℃, so that a free forging is obtained;
(4) and quenching: heating the free forging to 500-700 ℃, preserving heat for more than 2h to fully dissolve a soluble phase in the alloy, then rapidly quenching the free forging into water at 40-90 ℃ to rapidly cool the casting, so that a strengthening component is dissolved in the alloy to the maximum extent and is fixedly stored to room temperature;
(5) and aging treatment: heating the quenched aluminum alloy casting to 190-;
(6) and deformation treatment: after the aging treatment is finished, applying 2.1% -2.9% of deformation to the free forging for deformation treatment;
(7) and finishing the treatment: applying 390-460MPa compressive stress to the free forging, heating to 215-260 ℃, preserving heat for 2.5h at the temperature, continuously applying 350-480MPa compressive stress to the free forging, preserving heat for 2h at 230-290 ℃, finally applying 325-450MPa compressive stress to the free forging, and preserving heat for 2h at 230-290 ℃ to obtain the heat-treated free forging.
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| CN202011071543.4A CN112376001A (en) | 2020-10-09 | 2020-10-09 | Forging and heat treatment process of free forging |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113403556A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-09-17 | 江苏飞斯铝业有限公司 | Heat treatment process of aluminum alloy section |
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| CN101341267A (en) * | 2005-12-20 | 2009-01-07 | 爱尔康何纳吕公司 | Sheet made of high-toughness aluminium alloy containing copper and lithium for an aircraft fuselage |
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Application publication date: 20210219 |