CN114150180A - Ocean engineering titanium alloy material for electron beam fuse 3D printing and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ocean engineering titanium alloy material for electron beam fuse 3D printing and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/04—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of bars or wire
- B21C37/047—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of bars or wire of fine wires
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
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- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses an ocean engineering titanium alloy material for electron beam fuse 3D printing and a preparation method thereof, wherein the ocean engineering titanium alloy material comprises, by mass, 4.0% -5.0% of Al, 2.5% -3.5% of Nb, 1.5% -2.5% of Sn, 0.6% -1.5% of Mo, and the balance of Ti and unavoidable impurities, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing materials; smelting an ingot; casting ingot forging; preparing a wire rod; carrying out hot drawing forming on the wire; cold drawing forming of wire, surface treatment of wire, etc. The titanium alloy has good matching of strength and ductility and toughness, can realize the efficient manufacture of complex titanium alloy components by an electron beam fuse wire 3D printing technology, has good seawater stress corrosion resistance and welding performance, and can meet the requirements of electron beam fuse wire 3D printing components in the field of ocean engineering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of titanium alloy materials for 3D printing, and particularly relates to an ocean engineering titanium alloy material for 3D printing of an electron beam fuse and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The titanium alloy has the most prominent characteristics of low density, high specific strength, strong corrosion resistance, excellent seawater scouring resistance, no magnetism, no cold brittleness and other properties, can well meet the application requirements of ocean engineering, is an ocean engineering material which can not be replaced by other materials, and is called as ocean metal. The titanium and the titanium alloy are popularized and applied in ocean engineering, have very important significance for improving the operation capability, safety and reliability of ocean engineering equipment, and are important strategic materials for building ocean strong countries.
The complex titanium alloy part for ocean engineering has two typical preparation methods of forging and casting. Compared with a casting, the comprehensive mechanical property of the forging has obvious advantages, but the forging cannot prepare a structural member with a complex cavity, such as a sea valve body in a marine pipeline system of a ship. The casting has the advantages that the material utilization rate is higher than that of a forging, but the mechanical properties such as strength, plasticity and the like are obviously lower than that of the forging, and casting defects inevitably exist in the casting, so that most key force-bearing structures cannot adopt a casting process, and the application range is greatly limited. In addition, the forging and casting preparation methods both need tooling dies, have strict requirements on equipment and sites, and have low quick response capability.
The 3D printing technology starts from a three-dimensional CAD model of a part, does not need a die, directly manufactures the part, greatly shortens the manufacturing period of a complex component, and reduces the material consumption and the processing and manufacturing cost. The electron beam fuse deposition 3D printing technology adopts a high-energy electron beam as a heat source, in a vacuum environment, the electron beam with high energy density bombards the surface of metal to form a molten pool, metal wires are sent to the molten pool through a wire feeding device and melted, meanwhile, the molten pool moves according to a pre-planned path, and the metal materials are solidified and stacked layer by layer to form compact metallurgical bonding until metal parts are manufactured. However, due to the adoption of a process completely different from the traditional preparation method, the microstructure of the electron beam fuse 3D printing titanium alloy material is completely different from the microstructure of a forged and cast titanium alloy, and is a near-equilibrium state rapid solidification structure. Compared with laser powder spreading 3D printing, the electron beam fuse wire 3D printing deposition efficiency is high (up to 15Kg/h), and the method is more suitable for forming and manufacturing large-scale complex metal structures in the field of ocean engineering.
The electron beam fuse wire 3D printing is a novel 3D printing technology, a small amount of research focuses on the forming of TiAl and other high-temperature alloy parts in the aerospace field, raw materials generally adopt powder, and the electron beam fuse wire 3D printing titanium alloy material suitable for ocean engineering and the preparation process are not reported. The component in the field of ocean engineering requires that the material has moderate strength, but must have higher impact toughness, seawater stress corrosion resistance and good weldability. The performance of the titanium alloy is determined by chemical components and microstructure, and in view of obtaining a determined near-equilibrium state rapid solidification structure by adopting electron beam fuse wire 3D printing, reasonable matching among the strength, the plastic toughness, the corrosion resistance and the weldability of the titanium alloy material can be realized only by optimizing the alloy components. Therefore, the development of ocean engineering titanium alloy suitable for electron beam fuse 3D printing is an urgent need for promoting the application of titanium alloy in the ocean engineering field.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems and the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an ocean engineering titanium alloy material for 3D printing of an electron beam fuse and a preparation method thereof.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for realizing the purpose: the ocean engineering titanium alloy material for the electron beam fuse 3D printing is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 4.0 to 5.0 percent of Al, 2.0 to 3.0 percent of Nb, 1.5 to 2.5 percent of Sn, 0.6 to 1.5 percent of Mo, less than or equal to 0.20 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of N, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of H, less than or equal to 0.12 percent of O, and the balance of Ti.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the ocean engineering titanium alloy wire material for electron beam fuse 3D printing, which is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
(1) preparing materials: batching according to the composition of the titanium alloy;
(2) smelting of cast ingots: carrying out ingot casting and smelting on the prepared titanium alloy raw material to obtain a titanium alloy ingot casting;
(3) casting ingot forging: firstly, cogging and forging a titanium alloy ingot to obtain a square billet, and then forging the square billet in a modified mode to obtain a titanium alloy ingot with a section diameter of
The titanium alloy rod of (1);
(4) preparing a wire rod: rolling the titanium alloy bar into a disc with the diameter of 8.5-9.0 mm by using a wire rod rolling mill, peeling the disc with the diameter of 8.5-9.0 mm by using a centerless lathe, and removing 0.8-1mm of surface layer metal to obtain a titanium alloy wire rod;
(5) hot drawing and forming of wire materials: when the diameter of the wire is larger than or equal to 2.0mm, reducing the diameter of the wire by a hole die hot drawing method step by step, and heating the wire to a preset temperature through a tubular furnace before the wire enters the hole die;
(6) cold drawing and forming of wire materials: when the diameter of the wire is less than 2.0mm, reducing the diameter of the wire by pass by adopting a hole die cold drawing method until the specification of the wire meets the requirement;
(7) surface treatment of the wire: and removing the lubricant and oxide skin impurity layer on the surface of the material by using an inner and outer cone angle circular blade die for the wire subjected to drawing forming, and finally preparing the finished wire with a bright surface.
Further limiting, the heating temperature of the blank opening forging in the step (3) is Tβ+150℃(Tβα + β → β transformation temperature, the same applies hereinafter), the total forging ratio at the cogging forging stage is not less than 4.
Further limiting, in the step (3), the square billet is forged at the heating temperature TβThe total forging ratio of the square billet in the forging modification stage is not less than 6 at minus 50 ℃.
Further limiting that the heating temperature for rolling the wire rod in the step (4) is Tβ-80℃。
Further limiting, in the step (5), the drawing temperature is 750-850 ℃, the drawing speed is 15-25 m/min, and the pass section reduction rate is 15-20%.
Further limiting, in the step (5), graphite emulsion is adopted for lubrication in the wire hot-drawing process, and the processing method comprises the following steps: the wire material passes through the graphite emulsion before entering the tubular heating furnace, and graphite powder is uniformly coated on the surface of the wire material after being baked by the heating furnace.
And (3) further limiting, in the step (6), the cold drawing speed of the wire is 5-15 m/min, the pass section reduction rate is 10-20%, the wire is subjected to recrystallization and goods returning treatment after 2-4 passes of cold drawing, and the annealing process is heating to 650-750 ℃, preserving the heat for 60-90 min, and air cooling to room temperature.
And (3) further limiting, lubricating the wire in the step (6) by using industrial soap powder in the cold drawing process, and enabling the wire to pass through the industrial soap powder before entering the hole die so as to enable the lubricant to be attached to the surface of the wire.
Further limiting, the specification of the 3D printing wire obtained in the step (7) is 0.5-1.2 mm.
Further limiting, during material preparation in the step (1), Ti is added in the form of sponge titanium, alloy elements Mo and Nb are respectively added in the form of Al-Mo and Al-Nb master alloys, Sn is added in the form of pure metal, and the insufficient Al is supplemented by pure Al.
And (3) further limiting, uniformly mixing the materials in the step (2) by using a mixer to prepare electrodes, assembling and welding the electrodes together under the protection of an argon shield, then carrying out vacuum melting for 2-3 times to prepare alloy ingots, and then carrying out riser cutting treatment on the alloy ingots.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the titanium alloy component by adopting electron beam fuse wire 3D printing, which comprises the following steps:
(a) preparing a titanium alloy member by using the ocean engineering titanium alloy wire for 3D printing prepared by the method as a raw material and adopting an electron beam fuse 3D printing technology;
(b) performing double annealing heat treatment on the titanium alloy component prepared in the step (a).
Further limiting, the parameters of the electron beam fuse 3D printing process in the step (a): the scanning beam current is 10-20 mA, and the wire feeding speed is 15-30 mm/s.
Further limiting, the first annealing heating temperature in the step (b) is TβKeeping the temperature at 50 ℃ below zero for 60min, and cooling by air; the heating temperature of the second annealing is 600-650 ℃, the heat preservation time is 90-120 min, and the cooling mode is air cooling。
The invention realizes the preparation of the medium-strength high-toughness ultrafine titanium alloy wire and ensures the comprehensive mechanical property of the electron beam fuse 3D printing member by technical innovation in the following aspects.
(1) The method fully utilizes the solid solution strengthening of alloy elements and the influence mechanism of the alloy elements on the forming performance, adopts Al and Sn to strengthen the alpha phase in the titanium alloy, and improves the drawing forming performance of the titanium alloy wire while ensuring the mechanical performance of the titanium alloy by controlling the content of the Al alloy elements to be between 4.0 and 5.0 percent and the content of the Sn element to be between 2.0 and 3.0 percent, thereby realizing the preparation of the 3D printing filament. The welding performance and impact toughness of the titanium alloy material are ensured by adopting strong Nb and Mo elements and beta phase in the titanium alloy and controlling the Nb element content to be 2.5-3.5 percent and the Mo element content to be 0.6-1.5 percent.
(2) The heating temperature T is adopted when the titanium alloy square billet is forgedβ-50 ℃ and the heating temperature T adopted during the rolling of the wire rodβAt the temperature of minus 80 ℃, the lower forming temperature and the larger deformation degree are adopted in the two stages, so that the titanium alloy can obtain fine grains through sufficient recrystallization, the plasticity of the titanium alloy material is improved, and the tissue condition is provided for the forming of the titanium alloy wire.
(3) The titanium alloy wire material is prepared by adopting a hot-cold composite drawing forming process, and the hot drawing is adopted in the thick wire stage, so that the deformation resistance is reduced, and the plasticity is improved, and the high efficiency can be realized by adopting a higher drawing speed; and cold drawing is adopted in the filament stage, and the size precision and the surface quality of the filament can be ensured by cold drawing.
(4) When the electron beam fuse wire is used for 3D printing, a thinner wire (the diameter is more than or equal to 0.5mm and less than or equal to 1.2mm) and lower energy input (the scanning beam current is less than or equal to 20mA) are adopted, the size of a molten pool is controlled, the molten pool is cooled quickly, and therefore the 3D printing part is guaranteed to have a thinner structure.
(5) The tensile strength R of the titanium alloy 3D printing component prepared by the method ismNot less than 790MPa, elongation A not less than 15%, impact toughness KV2Not less than 63J, stress corrosion fracture toughness K in seawaterISCC≥82MPAa·m1/2The welding coefficient is more than or equal to 0.9And 5, the material selection requirement of the 3D printing component with good strength and plastic toughness matching requirements for ships and ocean engineering is met.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the contents
Example 1
The ocean engineering titanium alloy for 3D printing of the electron beam fuse wire comprises the following alloy elements in percentage by mass: 5.0 percent of Al, 3.5 percent of Nb, 2.0 percent of Sn, 0.6 percent of Mo, and the balance of Ti and inevitable impurities.
The preparation method of the titanium alloy wire for 3D printing comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: batching according to the composition of the titanium alloy;
(2) smelting of cast ingots: uniformly mixing the titanium alloy raw materials prepared in the step (1) by a mixer to prepare electrodes, welding the electrodes together under the protection of an argon shield, smelting for 2 times by a vacuum consumable electrode furnace to prepare alloy ingots, and then cutting off risers and turning to remove skins of the alloy ingots.
(3) Casting ingot forging: heating the ingot to TβCarrying out cogging forging at the temperature of +150 ℃, wherein the number of times of cogging forging is 1, the total forging ratio is 4, and forging the cast ingot into a square billet; heating the square billet to TβForging at-50 deg.C with 2 times of forging and 6 total forging ratio to obtain a cross-section with a diameter of
The titanium alloy rod of (1);
(4) preparing a wire rod: will be provided with
Heating the titanium alloy bar to TβRolling the wire rod at the temperature of minus 80 ℃ to roll the titanium alloy square rod into a wire rod with phi 9.0 mm; peeling the disk circle with the phi of 9.0mm by a centerless lathe, and removing surface layer metal with the thickness of 0.5mm to obtain a phi 8.0mm titanium alloy wire rod;
(5) hot drawing and forming of wire materials: and (3) carrying out hot drawing on the wire rod, wherein the drawing temperature is 750 ℃, the drawing speed is 15m/min, and the pass section reduction rate is about 20%. The graphite emulsion is adopted for lubrication in the drawing process;
(6) cold drawing and forming of wire materials: when the diameter of the wire is less than 2.0mm, the diameter of the wire is reduced by pass by a hole die cold drawing method, the cold drawing speed of the wire is 5m/min, and the pass section reduction rate is about 20%. And (3) carrying out recrystallization annealing treatment on the wire after 2 cold drawing passes, wherein the annealing process is heating to 650 ℃, keeping the temperature for 90min, and air cooling to room temperature. The specification of the wire material after cold drawing is phi 0.7 mm;
(7) surface treatment of the wire: and (3) removing the lubricant and oxide skin impurity layer on the surface of the material from the inner and outer cone angle circular blade die adopted by the wire subjected to drawing forming to prepare a finished wire with a bright surface, wherein the specification of the finished wire is phi 0.5 mm.
The method for preparing the titanium alloy component by adopting the electron beam fuse 3D printing comprises the following steps: the ocean engineering titanium alloy wire for 3D printing prepared by the method is used as a raw material, a titanium alloy component is prepared by adopting an electron beam fuse 3D printing technology, the scanning beam current is 10mA, and the wire feeding speed is 15 mm/s. Carrying out double annealing heat treatment after the titanium alloy component is formed, wherein the first annealing heating temperature is TβKeeping the temperature at 50 ℃ below zero for 60min, and cooling by air; the heating temperature of the second annealing is 600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 120min, and the cooling mode is air cooling. The performance test results of the prepared titanium alloy member are shown in table 1.
Example 2
The ocean engineering titanium alloy for 3D printing of the electron beam fuse wire comprises the following alloy elements in percentage by mass: 4.0% of Al, 3.5% of Nb, 3.0% of Sn, 0.6% of Mo, and the balance of Ti and inevitable impurities.
The preparation method of the titanium alloy wire for 3D printing comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: batching according to the composition of the titanium alloy;
(2) smelting of cast ingots: uniformly mixing the titanium alloy raw materials prepared in the step (1) by a mixer to prepare electrodes, welding the electrodes together under the protection of an argon shield, smelting for 2 times by a vacuum consumable electrode furnace to prepare alloy ingots, and then cutting off risers and turning to remove skins of the alloy ingots.
(3) Casting ingot forging: heating the ingot to TβCarrying out cogging forging at the temperature of +150 ℃, wherein the number of times of cogging forging is 1, the total forging ratio is 4.5, and forging the cast ingot into a square billet; heating the square billet to TβForging at-50 deg.C with 2 times of forging and total forging ratio of 6.5 to obtain a cross-section with a diameter of
The titanium alloy rod of (1);
(4) preparing a wire rod: will be provided with
Heating the titanium alloy bar to TβRolling the wire rod at the temperature of minus 80 ℃ to roll the titanium alloy square rod into a wire rod with phi 9.0 mm; peeling the disk circle with the phi of 9.0mm by a centerless lathe, and removing surface layer metal with the thickness of 0.5mm to obtain a phi 8.0mm titanium alloy wire rod;
(5) hot drawing and forming of wire materials: and (3) carrying out hot drawing on the wire rod, wherein the drawing temperature is 850 ℃, the drawing speed is 20m/min, and the pass section reduction rate is about 20%. The graphite emulsion is adopted for lubrication in the drawing process;
(6) cold drawing and forming of wire materials: when the diameter of the wire is less than 2.0mm, the diameter of the wire is reduced by pass by a hole die cold drawing method, the cold drawing speed of the wire is 15m/min, and the pass section reduction rate is about 10%. And (3) performing recrystallization and return treatment on the wire after 2 cold drawing passes, wherein the annealing process is heating to 750 ℃, preserving heat for 60min, and cooling to room temperature. The specification of the wire material after cold drawing is phi 1.4 mm;
(7) surface treatment of the wire: and (3) removing the lubricant and oxide skin impurity layer on the surface of the material from the inner and outer cone angle circular blade die adopted by the wire subjected to drawing forming to prepare a finished wire with a bright surface, wherein the specification of the finished wire is phi 1.2 mm.
The method for preparing the titanium alloy component by adopting the electron beam fuse 3D printing comprises the following steps: the ocean engineering titanium alloy wire for 3D printing prepared by the method is used as a raw material, a titanium alloy component is prepared by adopting an electron beam fuse 3D printing technology, the scanning beam current is 20mA, and the wire feeding speed is 15 mm/s.Carrying out double annealing heat treatment after the titanium alloy component is formed, wherein the first annealing heating temperature is TβKeeping the temperature at 50 ℃ below zero for 60min, and cooling by air; the heating temperature of the second annealing is 650 ℃, the heat preservation time is 90min, and the cooling mode is air cooling. The performance test results of the prepared titanium alloy member are shown in table 1.
Example 3
The ocean engineering titanium alloy for 3D printing of the electron beam fuse wire comprises the following alloy elements in percentage by mass: 5.0% of Al, 2.5% of Nb, 2.0% of Sn, 1.5% of Mo, and the balance of Ti and inevitable impurities.
The preparation method of the titanium alloy wire for 3D printing comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: batching according to the composition of the titanium alloy;
(2) smelting of cast ingots: uniformly mixing the titanium alloy raw materials prepared in the step (1) by a mixer to prepare electrodes, welding the electrodes together under the protection of an argon shield, smelting for 2 times by a vacuum consumable electrode furnace to prepare alloy ingots, and then cutting off risers and turning to remove skins of the alloy ingots.
(3) Casting ingot forging: heating the ingot to TβCarrying out cogging forging at the temperature of +150 ℃, wherein the number of times of cogging forging is 1, the total forging ratio is 5.0, and forging the cast ingot into a square billet; heating the square billet to TβForging at-50 deg.C with 2 times of forging and total forging ratio of 6.6 in the square billet forging stage to obtain a cross section with a diameter of
The titanium alloy rod of (1);
(4) preparing a wire rod: will be provided with
Heating the titanium alloy bar to TβRolling the titanium alloy square rod into a wire rod with the phi of 8.5mm at the temperature of minus 80 ℃; peeling the disk round with the diameter of 8.5mm by a centerless lathe, and removing surface metal with the diameter of 0.4mm to obtain a titanium alloy wire rod with the diameter of 7.7 mm;
(5) hot drawing and forming of wire materials: and (3) carrying out hot drawing on the wire rod, wherein the drawing temperature is 800 ℃, the drawing speed is 20m/min, and the pass section reduction rate is about 20%. The graphite emulsion is adopted for lubrication in the drawing process;
(6) cold drawing and forming of wire materials: when the diameter of the wire is less than 2.0mm, the diameter of the wire is reduced by pass by a hole die cold drawing method, the cold drawing speed of the wire is 10m/min, and the pass section reduction rate is about 15%. And (3) performing recrystallization and return treatment on the wire after 2 cold drawing passes, wherein the annealing process is heating to 650 ℃, preserving heat for 90min, and cooling to room temperature. The specification of the wire material after cold drawing is phi 1.0 mm;
(7) surface treatment of the wire: and (3) removing the lubricant and oxide skin impurity layer on the surface of the material from the inner and outer cone angle circular blade die adopted by the wire subjected to drawing forming to prepare a finished wire with a bright surface, wherein the specification of the finished wire is phi 0.8 mm.
The method for preparing the titanium alloy component by adopting the electron beam fuse 3D printing comprises the following steps: the ocean engineering titanium alloy wire for 3D printing prepared by the method is used as a raw material, a titanium alloy component is prepared by adopting an electron beam fuse 3D printing technology, the scanning beam current is 20mA, and the wire feeding speed is 20 mm/s. Carrying out double annealing heat treatment after the titanium alloy component is formed, wherein the first annealing heating temperature is TβKeeping the temperature at 50 ℃ below zero for 60min, and cooling by air; the heating temperature of the second annealing is 650 ℃, the heat preservation time is 90min, and the cooling mode is air cooling. The performance test results of the prepared titanium alloy member are shown in table 1.
Example 4
The ocean engineering titanium alloy for 3D printing of the electron beam fuse wire comprises the following alloy elements in percentage by mass: 4.0% of Al, 2.5% of Nb, 3.0% of Sn, 1.5% of Mo, and the balance of Ti and inevitable impurities.
The preparation method of the titanium alloy wire for 3D printing comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: batching according to the composition of the titanium alloy;
(2) smelting of cast ingots: uniformly mixing the titanium alloy raw materials prepared in the step (1) by a mixer to prepare electrodes, welding the electrodes together under the protection of an argon shield, smelting for 3 times by a vacuum consumable electrode furnace to prepare alloy ingots, and then cutting off risers and turning to remove skins of the alloy ingots.
(3) Casting ingot forging: heating the ingot to TβCarrying out cogging forging at the temperature of +150 ℃, wherein the number of times of cogging forging is 1, the total forging ratio is 4.5, and forging the cast ingot into a square billet; heating the square billet to TβForging at-50 deg.C with 3 times of forging and 7.0 of total forging ratio in square billet forging stage to obtain a cross section with a diameter of
The titanium alloy rod of (1);
(4) preparing a wire rod: will be provided with
Heating the titanium alloy bar to TβRolling the wire rod at the temperature of minus 80 ℃ to roll the titanium alloy square rod into a wire rod with phi 9.0 mm; peeling the disk circle with the phi of 9.0mm by a centerless lathe, and removing surface layer metal with the thickness of 0.5mm to obtain a phi 8.0mm titanium alloy wire rod;
(5) hot drawing and forming of wire materials: and (3) carrying out hot drawing on the wire rod, wherein the drawing temperature is 800 ℃, the drawing speed is 15m/min, and the pass section reduction rate is about 20%. The graphite emulsion is adopted for lubrication in the drawing process;
(6) cold drawing and forming of wire materials: when the diameter of the wire is less than 2.0mm, the diameter of the wire is reduced by pass by a hole die cold drawing method, the cold drawing speed of the wire is 10m/min, and the pass section reduction rate is about 10%. And (4) carrying out recrystallization return treatment on the wire after cold drawing for 4 times, wherein the annealing process is heating to 650 ℃, keeping the temperature for 90min, and air cooling to room temperature. The specification of the wire material after cold drawing is phi 0.7 mm;
(7) surface treatment of the wire: and (3) removing the lubricant and oxide skin impurity layer on the surface of the material from the inner and outer cone angle circular blade die adopted by the wire subjected to drawing forming to prepare a finished wire with a bright surface, wherein the specification of the finished wire is phi 0.5 mm.
The method for preparing the titanium alloy component by adopting the electron beam fuse 3D printing comprises the following steps: the ocean engineering titanium alloy wire for 3D printing prepared by the method is used as a raw material, a titanium alloy component is prepared by adopting an electron beam fuse 3D printing technology, the scanning beam current is 10mA, and the wire feeding speed is 30 mm/s. Titanium alloy structural memberCarrying out double annealing heat treatment after molding, wherein the heating temperature of the first annealing is TβKeeping the temperature at 50 ℃ below zero for 60min, and cooling by air; the heating temperature of the second annealing is 600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 120min, and the cooling mode is air cooling. The performance test results of the prepared titanium alloy member are shown in table 1.
Example 5
The ocean engineering titanium alloy for 3D printing of the electron beam fuse wire comprises the following alloy elements in percentage by mass: 4.5% of Al, 3.0% of Nb, 2.5% of Sn, 1.0% of Mo, and the balance of Ti and inevitable impurities.
The preparation method of the titanium alloy wire for 3D printing comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: batching according to the composition of the titanium alloy;
(2) smelting of cast ingots: uniformly mixing the titanium alloy raw materials prepared in the step (1) by a mixer to prepare electrodes, welding the electrodes together under the protection of an argon shield, smelting for 2 times by a vacuum consumable electrode furnace to prepare alloy ingots, and then cutting off risers and turning to remove skins of the alloy ingots.
(3) Casting ingot forging: heating the ingot to TβCarrying out cogging forging at the temperature of +150 ℃, wherein the number of times of cogging forging is 1, the total forging ratio is 4.6, and forging the cast ingot into a square billet; heating the square billet to TβForging at-50 deg.C with 2 times of forging and total forging ratio of 6.2 in the square billet forging stage to obtain a cross section with a diameter of
The titanium alloy rod of (1);
(4) preparing a wire rod: will be provided with
Heating the titanium alloy bar to TβRolling the wire rod at the temperature of minus 80 ℃ to roll the titanium alloy square rod into a wire rod with phi 9.0 mm; peeling the disk circle with the phi of 9.0mm by a centerless lathe, and removing surface layer metal with the thickness of 0.5mm to obtain a phi 8.0mm titanium alloy wire rod;
(5) hot drawing and forming of wire materials: and (3) carrying out hot drawing on the wire rod, wherein the drawing temperature is 750 ℃, the drawing speed is 15m/min, and the pass section reduction rate is about 20%. The graphite emulsion is adopted for lubrication in the drawing process;
(6) cold drawing and forming of wire materials: when the diameter of the wire is less than 2.0mm, the diameter of the wire is reduced by pass by a hole die cold drawing method, the cold drawing speed of the wire is 10m/min, and the pass section reduction rate is about 15%. And (3) carrying out recrystallization return treatment on the wire after cold drawing for 3 times, wherein the annealing process is heating to 650 ℃, keeping the temperature for 90min, and air cooling to room temperature. The specification of the wire material after cold drawing is phi 1.0 mm;
(7) surface treatment of the wire: and (3) removing the lubricant and oxide skin impurity layer on the surface of the material from the inner and outer cone angle circular blade die adopted by the wire subjected to drawing forming to prepare a finished wire with a bright surface, wherein the specification of the finished wire is phi 0.8 mm.
The method for preparing the titanium alloy component by adopting the electron beam fuse 3D printing comprises the following steps: the ocean engineering titanium alloy wire for 3D printing prepared by the method is used as a raw material, a titanium alloy component is prepared by adopting an electron beam fuse 3D printing technology, the scanning beam current is 20mA, and the wire feeding speed is 30 mm/s. Carrying out double annealing heat treatment after the titanium alloy component is formed, wherein the first annealing heating temperature is TβKeeping the temperature at 50 ℃ below zero for 60min, and cooling by air; the heating temperature of the second annealing is 600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 120min, and the cooling mode is air cooling. The performance test results of the prepared titanium alloy member are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Electron Beam fuse 3D printing Member Performance test results
As can be seen from Table 1, by adopting the titanium alloy wire material in the composition range, the tensile strength Rm of an electron beam 3D printing member can be 810-840 MPa, the yield strength Rp0.2 can be 740-785, the tensile elongation A can be 15-20%, and the impact toughness (KV)2) 57.5-65.5J, stress corrosion resistance in seawater KISCCAt 82 to 95MPa m1/2The welding coefficient is greater than 0.95. The electron beam fuse wire 3D printing piece has good matching of strength and plasticity and toughness, and meets the requirements of the seaThe performance requirements of electron beam 3D printed structures in the field of ocean engineering.
Claims (9)
1. The ocean engineering titanium alloy material for the electron beam fuse 3D printing is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 4.0 to 5.0 percent of Al, 2.0 to 3.0 percent of Nb, 1.5 to 2.5 percent of Sn, 0.6 to 1.5 percent of Mo, less than or equal to 0.20 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of N, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of H, less than or equal to 0.12 percent of O, and the balance of Ti.
2. The preparation method of the ocean engineering titanium alloy material for the electron beam fuse 3D printing, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) preparing materials: batching according to the composition of the titanium alloy;
(2) smelting of cast ingots: carrying out ingot casting and smelting on the prepared titanium alloy raw material to obtain a titanium alloy ingot casting;
(3) casting ingot forging: firstly, cogging and forging a cast ingot to obtain a square billet, and then forging the square billet in a modified mode to obtain a titanium alloy bar with the section diameter of phi 50-55 mm;
(4) preparing a wire rod: rolling the titanium alloy square rod into a disc with the diameter of 8.5-9.0 mm by using a wire rod rolling mill, peeling the disc with the diameter of 8.5-9.0 mm by using a centerless lathe, and removing surface layer metal of 0.8-1mm to obtain a titanium alloy wire rod;
(5) hot drawing and forming of wire materials: when the diameter of the wire is larger than or equal to 2.0mm, reducing the diameter of the wire by a hole die hot drawing method step by step, and heating the wire to a preset temperature through a tubular furnace before the wire enters the hole die;
(6) cold drawing and forming of wire materials: when the diameter of the wire is less than 2.0mm, reducing the diameter of the wire by pass by adopting a hole die cold drawing method until the specification of the wire meets the requirement;
(7) surface treatment of the wire: and removing the lubricant and oxide skin impurity layer on the surface of the material by using an inner and outer cone angle circular blade die for the wire subjected to drawing forming to prepare a finished wire with a bright surface.
3. The electron beam fuse of claim 2The preparation method of the ocean engineering titanium alloy material for 3D printing is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the heating temperature for blank opening forging in the step (3) is Tβ+150 ℃ and the total forging ratio in the cogging forging stage is not less than 4.
4. The preparation method of the ocean engineering titanium alloy material for the electron beam fuse 3D printing according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (3), the square billet is forged at the heating temperature TβThe total forging ratio of the square billet in the forging modification stage is not less than 6 at minus 50 ℃.
5. The preparation method of the ocean engineering titanium alloy material for the electron beam fuse 3D printing according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: the heating temperature for rolling the wire rod in the step (4) is Tβ-80℃。
6. The preparation method of the ocean engineering titanium alloy material for the electron beam fuse 3D printing according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (5), the drawing temperature is 750-850 ℃, the drawing speed is 15-25 m/min, and the pass section reduction rate is 15-20%.
7. The preparation method of the ocean engineering titanium alloy material for the electron beam fuse 3D printing according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: and (5) lubricating the wire by using graphite emulsion in the hot drawing process, wherein the treatment method comprises the following steps: the wire material passes through the graphite emulsion before entering the tubular heating furnace, and graphite powder is uniformly coated on the surface of the wire material after being baked by the heating furnace.
8. The preparation method of the ocean engineering titanium alloy material for the electron beam fuse 3D printing according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: and (6) carrying out cold drawing on the wire at the speed of 5-15 m/min and the pass section reduction rate of 10-20%, carrying out recrystallization and goods returning treatment on the wire after 2-4 passes of cold drawing, and carrying out an annealing process of heating to 650-750 ℃, preserving heat for 60-90 min and air cooling to room temperature.
9. The preparation method of the ocean engineering titanium alloy material for the electron beam fuse 3D printing according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: and (6) lubricating the wire by using industrial soap powder in the cold drawing process of the wire, and enabling the wire to pass through the industrial soap powder before entering a hole die so as to enable the lubricant to be attached to the surface of the wire.
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