CN112375632A - 一种环保生物基清洁气雾剂及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种环保生物基清洁气雾剂及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于环保清洁剂技术领域，具体公开了一种环保生物基清洁气雾剂及制备方法。首先将无患子皂苷、烷基多苷、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱表面活性剂分散在壳聚糖、羧甲基纤维素预制成胶液，同时，气雾剂中低速搅拌混合添加了碱性电解水，碱性电解水具有小分子团特性，容易渗透污渍，一方面，在气雾剂形成的泡沫使碱性电解水与污渍充分接触，另一方面，其小分子渗透性辅助加速对污渍的乳化和溶解，促使顽固污渍快速脱落。本发明得到的环保生物基清洁气雾剂为水性清洁剂，喷雾后易形成丰富的泡沫，对金属表面、家具、电器等硬物表面去油污能力，易生物降解，无刺激性，直接擦拭即可达到清洁的目的，不需水冲洗。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于环保清洁剂技术领域，具体涉及一种环保生物基清洁气雾剂及制备方法。
背景技术
清洁剂作为一种常规的日化用品，以在非常普遍的应用。例如：用于洗涤衣物的洗衣粉、洗涤液；用于果蔬和餐具清洗的清洁剂；用于个人洗护的沐浴露等。这些清洁剂均采用固态粉末、液态、泡腾片等形式广泛的应用。然而，在一些固定的硬物表面，洗涤较为困哪。如家庭中的各种硬表面污渍、家具表面、电器表面，很难采用固态粉末、液态、泡腾片等形式进行洗涤。主要是这些硬表面得家具等在使用洗涤剂后不能使用大量的水冲洗，尤其是一些碱性的洗涤剂会造成家具等表面的损伤。
常常，我们在家具等硬表面去除污渍时，日常家用的清洗剂和清洁方法难以达到有效的清洁效果。若采用类似汽车外表面泡沫清洗技术，清洗的效果会大有改变。泡沫清洗的优点有：一是由于泡沫的密度低，因此耗水量少；二是容易与被清洗的表面接触，即使是垂直的表面；三是由于泡沫的动态特性，使新形成的泡沫不断地与表面污垢接触，以达到清洗的目的。
而实际上，泡沫清洗汽车表面采用专业的设备进行预先发泡，很难在家庭及办公场合进行发泡使用。因此，气雾型泡沫清洗剂成为解决家具硬物表面清洗的较佳手段。气雾型泡沫清洗剂会在气压作用下快速生成丰富的泡沫，发泡量大，适合在家具、电器等硬表面稳定成泡，丰富的泡沫增加了与污渍的接触，能够有效除去污物。气雾型泡沫清洗剂即喷即用，不用清水漂洗，直接擦拭即可，携带方便，具有巨大的应用潜力。
然而，无论是传统的清洁剂还是汽车泡沫清洗剂，使用后都需要采用大量的清水进行冲洗，从而冲走清洁剂，防止清洁剂对物品的腐蚀、有毒等副作用。如，目前使用的洗洁精虽然具有较强的去污能力，但使用后残留物多，需要反复清洗才能洗净，浪费了大量的水资源。另外，HJ458-2009中禁止了部分表面活性剂在家用清洁剂产品中的运用，而且在欧盟及北美国家，许多表面活性剂诸如双十八烷基二甲基氯化铵等都受到了限制。气雾型泡沫清洗剂针对的硬物表面难以采用大量水冲洗，而大多数具有清洁作用的高效活性剂对部分表面有腐蚀作用。因此，针对气雾型清洁喷雾剂，为了免除冲洗，清洁剂的选用尤为重要。如何保证气雾型清洁剂具有良好的清洁的同时不会对硬物面腐蚀，无需用水冲洗，这对开发气雾型清洁至关重要。
也正是由于上述原因，本发明开发一种生物基清洁气雾剂。
发明内容
为了满足气雾型清洁剂良好的清洁效果，同时清洗后可以直接擦除无需清水冲洗，进而，本发明提出一种环保生物基清洁气雾剂，通过采用和优化生物质的清洁剂，使其在气雾剂喷雾后形成丰富的泡沫，渗透硬物表面的污渍，同时易于擦除，不对硬物表面腐蚀，这种气雾型清洁剂既可以去除硬物表面的多种污渍，又不损伤硬物表面。还提供了该环保生物基清洁气雾剂的制备方法。
为实现上述的技术效果和技术目的，本发明首先具体的阐述一种环保生物基清洁气雾剂的制备方法，其特征为：具体制备方法如下：
(1)按照重量份将无患子皂苷1-3重量份、烷基多苷0.5-1重量份、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱0.1-0.2重量份、壳聚糖0.1-0.5重量份、羧甲基纤维素0.05-0.1重量份、消泡剂0.008-0.01重量份、香精0-0.02重量份低速搅拌分散在20-25重量份水中，形成胶液，作为A液；
(2)将0.02-0.05重量份缓蚀剂分散在5-15重量份碱性电解水，作为B液；
(3)将步骤(1)得到的A液与步骤(2)得到的B液以质量比3:1混合，缓慢搅拌均匀，装入气雾罐，然后用压装机以压灌法压入抛射剂，抛射剂压入量为A液、B液质量的15-20％，得到一种环保生物基清洁气雾剂。
公知的，受表面活性剂腐蚀、有毒等影响，常规清洁剂洗涤后需要采用大量的水冲洗。为解决这一问题，本发明采用了活性剂无患子皂苷、烷基多苷、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱。无患子皂苷是野生落叶乔木无患子果皮的提取物，属于生物质活性剂，主要表面活性成分含有三萜皂苷类(Ⅰ)、倍半萜糖苷类(Ⅱ)等，能降低水的表面张力，泡沫丰富，去污力强；烷基多苷(APG)表面活性剂无毒无害、无刺激、使用效果好、易于处理，且生物降解性好。
为了使无患子皂苷、烷基多苷、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱表面活性剂能够通过气雾形成稳定的泡沫与硬表面得污渍接触，本发明将首先将无患子皂苷、烷基多苷、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱表面活性剂分散在壳聚糖、羧甲基纤维素预制成胶液，该胶液用于气雾剂后，喷雾形成的泡沫气泡膜主要为壳聚糖、羧甲基纤维素胶膜，从而稳定，防止泡沫破裂，丰富的泡沫利于与硬物界面增加接触面积，增加表面活性剂的对污渍的乳化溶解。
进一步的，无患子皂苷、烷基多苷、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱表面活性剂是基于生物的活性剂，具有环保特性，对硬物表面温和，不会损伤表面，但直接使用去污力受限。本发明添加了碱性电解水，碱性电解水具有小分子团特性，属于弱碱性，其水分子活性极高，容易渗透污渍，从而加速对污渍的乳化和溶解，促使顽固污渍快速脱落。
作为优选，所述消泡剂选用聚醚改性硅油，其是在憎水的二甲基硅油链中引入亲水聚醚链得到改性硅油，具有对酸碱稳定等优点。其用量不易过多，保证在低速搅拌时不起泡即可，过量的使用会造成气雾剂喷雾后泡沫快速消失。
作为优选，为了提升气雾剂的使用体验感，可以加入香精，如薄荷油、橙油、柠檬油、柑橘油等。
碱性电解水具有优异的渗透性，为了提升与硬物表面的接触，本发明用于气雾剂，形成泡沫从而进一步提升与硬物污渍的接触面积，另外，碱性电解水安全无刺激、无残留，对细菌具有杀灭作用。
国内最常见的气雾剂产品包装罐是马口铁罐，本发明属于水基类气雾剂，产品对其腐蚀性极高。为了进一步提升马口铁气雾罐的耐腐蚀性，本发明在气雾剂中使用缓蚀剂，并将缓蚀剂与县域碱性电解液分散，优选的缓蚀剂为钼酸盐、钨酸盐、乙二胺、三乙醇胺中的至少一种。
优选的，步骤(3)中所述缓慢搅拌采用10-15r/min的低速搅拌，搅拌时间控制在1-3min,低速搅拌的目的在于：一方面是碱性电解水与A液分散均匀，另一方面，防止破坏A液表面活性剂形成的胶体体系。
优选的，步骤(3)中所述抛射剂选用液化石油气、二甲醚、三氯一氟甲烷、二氟甲烷、三氯四氟乙烷、丙丁烷气、异已烷、二氧化碳中的一种。
进一步优选液化石油气或二甲醚。
本发明还提供由上述方法制备得到的一种环保生物基清洁气雾剂。为了使无患子皂苷、烷基多苷、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱表面活性剂能够通过气雾形成稳定的泡沫与硬表面得污渍接触，本发明将首先将无患子皂苷、烷基多苷、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱表面活性剂分散在壳聚糖、羧甲基纤维素预制成胶液，该胶液用于气雾剂后，喷雾形成的泡沫气泡膜主要为胶膜，从而稳定，防止泡沫破裂，丰富的泡沫利于与硬物界面增加接触面积，增加表面活性剂的对污渍的乳化溶解。同时，气雾剂中添加了碱性电解水，碱性电解水具有小分子团特性，属于弱碱性，其水分子活性极高，容易渗透污渍，一方面，在气雾剂形成的泡沫使碱性电解水与污渍充分接触，另一方面，其小分子渗透性辅助加速对污渍的乳化和溶解，促使顽固污渍快速脱落。本发明得到的环保生物基清洁气雾剂为水性清洁剂，喷雾后易形成丰富的泡沫，对金属表面、家具、电器等硬物表面去油污能力，易生物降解，无刺激性，气雾剂形成的泡沫泡增强对油污的渗透、乳化和分散性，直接擦拭即可达到清洁的目的，不需水冲洗。同时，本发明环保生物基清洁气雾剂对细菌具有一定的杀灭效果。
一种环保生物基清洁气雾剂及制备方法，相比于现有技术，有益的效果体现在：
1、本发明通过将生物质表面活性剂分散在胶液，其用于气雾剂，形成的泡沫为胶膜，泡沫稳定，不易快速消失，增加了表面活性剂与硬物表面污渍的充分接触，从而利于通过气雾剂实现硬物的快速清洁。
2、生物质表面活性剂的清洁乳化作用有限，难以单一使用满足通过气雾剂的方式快速清洁硬物表面，本发明通过辅助碱性电解水，通过碱性电解水快速渗透污渍，提升气雾剂清洁剂的清洁效果。
3、本发明通过将生物质表面活性剂制备成胶液，与碱性电解水协同，相互促进，一方面形成丰富的泡沫，一方面促进渗透乳化溶解，实现了气雾剂对硬物表面的清洁效果。
4、本发明得到清洁气雾剂环保、无污染、无刺激、无腐蚀，并具有一定的杀菌功能，可在家居、办公等场所直接喷射气雾剂成泡沫，渗透一定时间后直接擦拭即可达到清洁的目的，无需水冲洗，使用方便。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案，下面将结合实施例，对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分的实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明的技术思路，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
(1)按照重量份将无患子皂苷2重量份、烷基多苷0.5重量份、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱0.1重量份、壳聚糖0.1重量份、羧甲基纤维素0.05重量份、消泡剂聚醚改性硅油0.01重量份、橙油香精0.01重量份在15r/min低速搅拌分散在25重量份水中，形成胶液，作为A液；
(2)将0.02重量份缓蚀剂钼酸盐分散在10重量份碱性电解水，作为B液；
(3)将步骤(1)得到的A液与步骤(2)得到的B液以质量比3:1混合，用10r/min的低速搅拌，搅拌时间控制在1min，装入气雾罐，然后用压装机以压灌法压入抛射剂液化石油气，抛射剂压入量为A液、B液质量的15％，得到一种环保生物基清洁气雾剂。
实施例2
(1)按照重量份将无患子皂苷3重量份、烷基多苷1重量份、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱0.1重量份、壳聚糖0.2重量份、羧甲基纤维素0.05重量份、消泡剂聚醚改性硅油0.01重量份、薄荷油香精0.01重量份在25r/min低速搅拌分散在20-25重量份水中，形成胶液，作为A液；
(2)将0.02重量份缓蚀剂钨酸盐分散在15重量份碱性电解水，作为B液；
(3)将步骤(1)得到的A液与步骤(2)得到的B液以质量比3:1混合，用10r/min的低速搅拌，搅拌时间控制在2min，装入气雾罐，然后用压装机以压灌法压入抛射剂二甲醚，抛射剂压入量为A液、B液质量的20％，得到一种环保生物基清洁气雾剂。
实施例3
(1)按照重量份将无患子皂苷2重量份、烷基多苷0.5重量份、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱0.1重量份、壳聚糖0.3重量份、羧甲基纤维素0.05重量份、消泡剂聚醚改性硅油0.01重量份、橙油香精0.01重量份在15r/min低速搅拌分散在25重量份水中，形成胶液，作为A液；
(2)将0.02重量份缓蚀剂钼酸盐分散在10重量份碱性电解水，作为B液；
(3)将步骤(1)得到的A液与步骤(2)得到的B液以质量比3:1混合，用10r/min的低速搅拌，搅拌时间控制在1min，装入气雾罐，然后用压装机以压灌法压入抛射剂液化石油气，抛射剂压入量为A液、B液质量的20％，得到一种环保生物基清洁气雾剂。
对比例1
(1)按照重量份将无患子皂苷2重量份、烷基多苷0.5重量份、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱0.1重量份、壳聚糖0.02重量份、羧甲基纤维素0.01重量份、消泡剂聚醚改性硅油0.01重量份、橙油香精0.01重量份在15r/min低速搅拌分散在25重量份水中，形成胶液，作为A液；
(2)将0.02重量份缓蚀剂钼酸盐分散在10重量份碱性电解水，作为B液；
(3)将步骤(1)得到的A液与步骤(2)得到的B液以质量比3:1混合，用10r/min的低速搅拌，搅拌时间控制在1min，装入气雾罐，然后用压装机以压灌法压入抛射剂液化石油气，抛射剂压入量为A液、B液质量的15％，得到一种环保生物基清洁气雾剂。
对比例2
(1)按照重量份将无患子皂苷2重量份、烷基多苷0.5重量份、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱0.1重量份、消泡剂聚醚改性硅油0.01重量份、橙油香精0.01重量份在15r/min低速搅拌分散在25重量份水中，作为A液；
(2)将0.02重量份缓蚀剂钼酸盐分散在10重量份碱性电解水，作为B液；
(3)将步骤(1)得到的A液与步骤(2)得到的B液以质量比3:1混合，用10r/min的低速搅拌，搅拌时间控制在1min，装入气雾罐，然后用压装机以压灌法压入抛射剂液化石油气，抛射剂压入量为A液、B液质量的15％，得到一种环保生物基清洁气雾剂。
对比例3
(1)按照重量份将无患子皂苷2重量份、烷基多苷0.5重量份、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱0.1重量份、壳聚糖0.1重量份、羧甲基纤维素0.05重量份、消泡剂聚醚改性硅油0.01重量份、橙油香精0.01重量份在15r/min低速搅拌分散在25重量份水中，形成胶液，作为A液；
(2)将0.02重量份缓蚀剂钼酸盐分散在10重量份去离子水，作为B液；
(3)将步骤(1)得到的A液与步骤(2)得到的B液以质量比3:1混合，用10r/min的低速搅拌，搅拌时间控制在1min，装入气雾罐，然后用压装机以压灌法压入抛射剂液化石油气，抛射剂压入量为A液、B液质量的15％，得到一种环保生物基清洁气雾剂。
对比例4
(1)按照重量份将无患子皂苷2重量份、烷基多苷0.5重量份、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱0.1重量份、壳聚糖0.1重量份、羧甲基纤维素0.05重量份、消泡剂聚醚改性硅油0.01重量份、橙油香精0.01重量份在15r/min低速搅拌分散在25重量份水中，形成胶液，作为A液；
(2)将0.02重量份缓蚀剂钼酸盐分散在10重量份碱性电解水，作为B液；
(3)将步骤(1)得到的A液与步骤(2)得到的B液以质量比3:1混合，用100r/min的速度搅拌，搅拌时间控制在10min，装入气雾罐，然后用压装机以压灌法压入抛射剂液化石油气，抛射剂压入量为A液、B液质量的15％，得到一种环保生物基清洁气雾剂。
气雾剂基本性能测试：
参考QB 2549-2002《一般气雾剂产品的安全规定》中的各项要求规定，测试实施例1-3、对比例1-4制备的气雾剂的酸碱值pH、内压力,如表1所示。
表1：
清洁性能测试：
以食堂较难清除的抽油烟机接油盘为测试对象:
称量干净的接油盘重量为m0；
使用一周时间后，将接油盘取下，自然倾倒流动的油污，直至不再有流动的油污，然后称重，标为m1；
使用实施例1-3、对比例1-4制备的气雾剂在接油盘油污污染面喷射3s,观察泡沫变化，静止3min后,利用无纺布擦拭，再次称量，标为m2；
空白样：使用一周时间后，将接油盘取下，自然倾倒流动的油污，直至不再有流动的油污，然后称重，标为m1；利用无纺布擦拭，再次称量，标为m2。
清洁效率按照以下公式计算：
Q＝[(m1-m2)/(m1-m0)]×100％
测试清洁去污效率如表2所示。
杀菌效果测试：
参考《消毒技术规范》利用实施例1～3、对比例1-4得到的气雾剂进行杀菌性能测试。试验菌选用金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC6538)，将菌液涂抹在直径为10cm的玻璃器皿盘，得到测试样，测试样的活菌含量为106～107cfu/ml，自然干燥。然后将实施例1～3、对比例1-4制备得到的气雾剂喷至玻璃器皿表面(使玻璃器皿表面均匀覆盖气雾剂形成的泡沫)，作用3min后，利用中和剂中和10min(中和剂为10g/L的硫代硫酸钠、10g/L的卵磷脂和20mg/L的吐温80混合制得)，洗下菌种，进行活菌计数，计算平均杀灭对数值D。喷射气雾剂前的菌数为X0，喷射气雾剂后的菌数为Xt。杀灭对数值为D＝lgX0-lgXt,如表2所示。
表2：
通过测试，本发明将生物质表面活性剂分散在胶液，其用于气雾剂，形成的泡沫为胶膜，泡沫稳定，不易快速消失，增加了表面活性剂与硬物表面污渍的充分接触，从而利于通过气雾剂实现硬物的快速清洁。通过将碱性电解水低速混合在胶液制备的气雾剂，碱性电解水快速渗透污渍，提升气雾剂清洁剂的清洁效果和杀菌效果。而且清洁气雾剂环保、无污染、无刺激、无腐蚀，可在家居、办公等场所直接喷射气雾剂成泡沫，渗透一定时间后直接擦拭即可达到清洁的目的，无需水冲洗，使用方便。
对比例1相比于实施例1的技术方案，大幅缩减壳聚糖、羧甲基纤维素的用量，由于壳聚糖、羧甲基纤维素用量过少，在气雾剂喷射后形成的泡沫缺少胶膜的保护，快速消失，影响清洁剂与污渍的充分接触，从而会影响到清洁效果。
对比例2相比于实施例1的技术方案，直接取消壳聚糖、羧甲基纤维素，在气雾剂喷射后形成的泡沫快速消失，影响清洁剂与污渍的充分接触，从而会影响到清洁效果。
对比例3没有使用碱性电解水，而是直接采用去离子水替换，由于缺少碱性电解水的辅助渗透，影响清洁效果，同时也影响杀菌性能。
对比例4在混合A液、B液时采用100r/min的速度混合，将AB液完全分散均匀，气雾剂的泡沫性能和清洁效果会受到一定的影响，其原因是碱性电解水与A胶液过度分散后，会对胶液体系造成一定的破坏，表现在胶液中壳聚糖、羧甲基纤维素形成的胶膜不均匀，泡沫持久性稍差，去污力受到影响。
Claims (7)
1.一种环保生物基清洁气雾剂的制备方法，其特征为：具体制备方法如下：
(1)按照重量份将无患子皂苷1-3重量份、烷基多苷0.5-1重量份、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱0.1-0.2重量份、壳聚糖0.1-0.5重量份、羧甲基纤维素0.05-0.1重量份、消泡剂0.008-0.01重量份、香精0-0.02重量份低速搅拌分散在20-25重量份水中，形成胶液，作为A液；
(2)将0.02-0.05重量份缓蚀剂分散在5-15重量份碱性电解水，作为B液；
(3)将步骤(1)得到的A液与步骤(2)得到的B液以质量比3:1混合，缓慢搅拌均匀，装入气雾罐，然后用压装机以压灌法压入抛射剂，抛射剂压入量为A液、B液质量的15-20％，得到一种环保生物基清洁气雾剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种环保生物基清洁气雾剂的制备方法，其特征在于：所述消泡剂选用聚醚改性硅油。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种环保生物基清洁气雾剂的制备方法，其特征在于：所述香精选用薄荷油、橙油、柠檬油、柑橘油中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种环保生物基清洁气雾剂的制备方法，其特征在于：所述缓蚀剂为钼酸盐、钨酸盐、乙二胺、三乙醇胺中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种环保生物基清洁气雾剂的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(3)中所述缓慢搅拌采用10-15r/min的低速搅拌，搅拌时间控制在1-3min。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种环保生物基清洁气雾剂的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(3)中所述抛射剂选用液化石油气、二甲醚、三氯一氟甲烷、二氟甲烷、三氯四氟乙烷、丙丁烷气、异已烷、二氧化碳中的一种。
7.一种由权利要求1-6任一项所述方法制备得到的环保生物基清洁气雾剂。
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