CN112371864A - Core-free spinning closing method for aluminum liner of high-pressure hydrogen bottle - Google Patents
Core-free spinning closing method for aluminum liner of high-pressure hydrogen bottle Download PDFInfo
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- CN112371864A CN112371864A CN202011144910.9A CN202011144910A CN112371864A CN 112371864 A CN112371864 A CN 112371864A CN 202011144910 A CN202011144910 A CN 202011144910A CN 112371864 A CN112371864 A CN 112371864A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D51/00—Making hollow objects
- B21D51/16—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects
- B21D51/24—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects high-pressure containers, e.g. boilers, bottles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/14—Spinning
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D43/00—Feeding, positioning or storing devices combined with, or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, apparatus for working or processing sheet metal, metal tubes or metal profiles; Associations therewith of cutting devices
- B21D43/003—Positioning devices
Abstract
The invention discloses a core-free spinning closing method for an aluminum liner of a high-pressure hydrogen bottle, which comprises the following steps of: (1) clamping an aluminum alloy pipe and preheating a bottle mouth closing section and a sealing head thickening section; (2) carrying out a first group of spinning closing-in operation on the bottle mouth closing-in section and the end socket thickening section; (3) performing a second group of spinning closing-in operation on the bottle mouth closing-in section and the end socket thickening section; (4) carrying out a third group of spinning closing-in operation on the bottle mouth closing-in section and the end socket thickening section; (5) performing fourth group of spinning closing-in operation on the bottle mouth closing-in section and the end socket thickening section until the bottle mouth and the end socket are molded; (6) and (3) clamping the Lu alloy pipe by rotating 180 degrees, and repeating the steps (1) to (5). The method can not only reduce the probability of generating cracks, but also get rid of the dependence on a core mold.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of hydrogen energy equipment manufacturing, in particular to a core-die-free spinning closing method for an aluminum liner of a high-pressure hydrogen bottle.
Background
Metal spinning is a metal plastic forming processing technology which integrates extrusion, forging, bending, deep drawing, rolling and ring rolling, has the advantages of chip-free processing, raw material saving, low cost, high product quality and the like, and is widely applied to mechanical processing occasions of complex curved surface parts with high precision, light weight and high stability.
The metal spinning technology utilizes seamless metal pipes to manufacture various hollow parts of a revolving body, fundamentally eliminates the problems of discontinuity, strength reduction, brittle fracture, tensile stress concentration and the like related to welding seams, greatly improves the safety of a high-pressure container, and is widely applied to the aluminum inner container manufacturing production line of the vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder.
In the production line of the aluminum liner of the vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder, the aluminum liner is formed by a cylinder mouth with the diameter of 70-80 mm and a sealing head structure from a large-diameter thin-wall aluminum alloy tube with the diameter of 350-380 mm and the wall thickness of 6-12 mm to two ends through spinning thinning and spinning closing. At present, a processing mode for spinning and closing up an aluminum alloy tube is to use a core die and a spinning wheel to match for spinning and closing up, but the processing mode has the following main defects:
firstly, the product is limited by the shape of a core mold, so that the product structure of the production line is single; in addition, along with the continuous abrasion of the core mold, the bottle mouth processing precision obtained by spinning and closing up in the same batch has difference and poor consistency of processing precision;
secondly, the manufacturing and processing period of the core mold is longer, and the core mold is mainly manufactured in a non-calibration mode, so that the production cost and the use cost are higher; particularly, for inlet equipment for spinning closing, the core die is more difficult to replace;
and thirdly, the bottle mouths at two ends of the aluminum liner and the end sockets are influenced by a plurality of factors such as closing-in temperature, closing-in method and the like in the spinning closing-in forming process, and visible cracks are easily formed at the joints of the inner walls of the formed bottle mouths and the end sockets, so that the aluminum liner is scrapped.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the method for spinning and closing the aluminum liner of the high-pressure hydrogen bottle without the core die can reduce the probability that macroscopic cracks are easily formed at the joint of the inner wall of the bottle mouth and the end socket after forming and improve the qualification rate of the aluminum liner.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the spinning closing-in method of the coreless die of the aluminum liner of the high-pressure hydrogen bottle comprises the steps that after the end part of an aluminum alloy tube is spun and closed to a bottle mouth and a sealing head is formed, the difference between the outer radius of the end part of the aluminum alloy tube before being spun and closed and the outer radius of the formed bottle mouth is a; the spinning closing method comprises the following steps:
(1) clamping one end of an aluminum alloy tube in a clamping device of spinning closing-in equipment, and preheating a bottle mouth closing-in section and an end socket thickening section of the end part of the aluminum alloy tube extending out of the clamping device; the preheating temperature is 500 +/-10 ℃, and the preheating time is 8-10 minutes;
(2) after preheating is finished, performing a first group of spinning closing-in operation on the bottle mouth closing-in section and the seal head thickening section; the first group of spinning closing-in operation is divided into five-pass spinning, the first-pass spinning is linear spinning, and the second-pass spinning to the fifth-pass spinning is progressive segmented spinning: the front section of each spinning is in straight line spinning, the rear section of each spinning is in convex curve spinning, and a conical bottle mouth closing section and an elliptical sealing head thickening section are finally obtained; the difference between the minimum outer radius of the closing section of the conical bottle mouth obtained after the first group of spinning closing operation is finished and the outer radius of the end part of the aluminum alloy pipe before spinning closing is b, b = (0.25-0.4) a;
wherein, the initial radial feed H1 of the spinning wheel in each spinning process is the same; in each spinning process, the walking routes of the spinning wheels positioned in the linear spinning section are all inclined straight lines forming an included angle alpha with the axis of the aluminum alloy pipe, in the first spinning process and the second spinning process, the included angles alpha of the walking routes of the spinning wheels positioned in the linear spinning section are 4-4.5 degrees, and in the second spinning process to the fifth spinning process, the included angle of the walking route of each spinning wheel positioned in the rear spinning section of the linear spinning section is increased by 0-0.5 degrees compared with the included angle of the walking route of the spinning wheel spun in the front spinning section; continuously heating the mouth closing section and the end socket thickening section of the bottle mouth in the first group of spinning closing operation, wherein the heating temperature is 500 +/-10 ℃;
(3) performing a second group of spinning closing-in operation on the bottle mouth closing-in section and the end socket thickening section; the second group of spinning closing-in operation is divided into twelve passes for progressive segmented spinning: the front section of each spinning is in straight line spinning, the rear section of each spinning is in convex curve spinning, and a conical bottle mouth closing section and an elliptical sealing head thickening section are finally obtained; the difference between the minimum outer radius of the tapered mouth section obtained after the second group of spinning closing-in operations is finished and the minimum outer radius of the tapered mouth section obtained after the first group of spinning closing-in operations is c, and c = (0.35-0.65) a;
wherein, the initial radial feed H2 of the spinning wheel in each spinning process is the same; in each spinning process, the walking route of the spinning wheel positioned in the linear spinning section is an oblique straight line forming an included angle beta with the axis of the aluminum alloy tube, in the first spinning process, the included angle beta of the walking route of the spinning wheel positioned in the linear spinning section is 4-6 degrees, and in the spinning process, the included angle of the walking route of each spinning wheel positioned in the rear path of the linear spinning section is increased by 1-1.5 degrees compared with the included angle of the walking route of the spinning wheel positioned in the front path of the spinning section; continuously heating the bottle mouth closing section and the end socket thickening section in the second group of spinning closing operation, wherein the heating temperature is 500 +/-10 ℃;
(4) carrying out a third group of spinning closing-in operation on the bottle mouth closing-in section and the end socket thickening section; the third group of spinning closing-in operation is divided into four passes for progressive segmented spinning: the front section of each spinning is in straight line spinning, the rear section of each spinning is in convex curve spinning, and a cylindrical bottle mouth closing section and an elliptical seal head thickening section are finally obtained; the difference between the outer radius of the cylindrical bottle mouth closing section obtained after the third group of spinning closing operation is finished and the maximum outer radius of the conical bottle mouth closing section obtained after the second group of spinning closing operation is finished is d, and d = (0.1-0.2) a;
wherein, the initial radial feed of the spinning wheel in each spinning process is zero; in each spinning process, the walking route of the spinning wheel positioned in the linear spinning section is an oblique straight line forming an included angle gamma with the axis of the aluminum alloy tube, in the first spinning process, the included angle gamma of the walking route of the spinning wheel positioned in the linear spinning section is 16-18 degrees, and in the spinning process, the included angle of the walking route of each spinning wheel positioned in the rear spinning section of the linear spinning section is reduced by 4-4.5 degrees compared with the included angle of the walking route of the spinning wheel positioned in the front spinning section; continuously heating the bottle mouth closing section and the end socket thickening section in the third group of spinning closing operation, wherein the heating temperature is 500 +/-10 ℃;
(5) performing fourth group spinning closing-in operation on the bottle mouth closing-in section and the end enclosure thickening section until the bottle mouth and the end enclosure are formed, wherein the fourth group spinning closing-in operation is a surface finishing process; continuously heating the mouth closing section and the end socket thickening section of the bottle mouth in the fourth group of spinning closing operations, wherein the heating temperature is 500 +/-10 ℃;
(6) and (3) taking the aluminum alloy pipe out of the clamping device, rotating the aluminum alloy pipe by 180 degrees, clamping the aluminum alloy pipe with the spinning ending end in the clamping device, and repeating the steps (1) to (5).
Further, in the method for spinning and closing the aluminum inner container of the high-pressure hydrogen bottle without the core die, the spinning and closing operation is performed in the step (2), the step (3) and the step (4) by adopting the spinning wheel which is made of GCr15, has the hardness of HRC60 +/-2, has the diameter of 300mm, has the thickness of 60-80 mm and has the fillet radius of 16-20 mm.
Further, in the method for spinning and closing the aluminum liner of the high-pressure hydrogen bottle without the core die, in the step (5), a spinning wheel which is made of GCr15, has the hardness of HRC60 +/-2, and has the diameter of 250mm, the thickness of 60-80 mm and the fillet radius of 8-12 mm is adopted to perform a surface finishing process on the bottle mouth closing section and the end socket thickening section.
Further, in the method for spinning and closing up the aluminum liner of the high-pressure hydrogen bottle without the core die, in the step (2), the step (3), the step (4) and the step (5), the rotating speeds of the clamping devices of the spinning and closing-up equipment in the four groups of spinning and closing-up operation processes are all 150-200 r/min; the pressure applied to the aluminum alloy tube by the spinning wheel is 50-60 KN, the rotating speed of the spinning wheel is 550-750 r/min, and the axial advancing speed of the spinning wheel is 1 mm/r.
Further, in the foregoing method for spinning and closing a high-pressure hydrogen bottle aluminum liner without a core mold, a spinning wheel in a spinning and closing apparatus has a cooling device, and the cooling device structurally includes: the temperature reduction base is provided with an installation cavity, a first sleeve hole which is through from front to back is formed in the front end face of the temperature reduction base, a second sleeve hole which is through from front to back is formed in the rear end face of the temperature reduction base, the sleeve is inserted into the installation cavity of the temperature reduction base, the front end of the sleeve is fixedly placed in the first sleeve hole, and the rear end of the sleeve is fixedly placed in the second sleeve hole; the coil pipe is sleeved on the sleeve pipe, and the liquid inlet end and the liquid outlet end of the coil pipe respectively penetrate through the corresponding through holes on the side wall of the temperature reduction base and then extend out of the temperature reduction base; the rotating shaft is supported and arranged in the sleeve through a bearing, the spinning wheel is fixed at the front end of the rotating shaft extending out of the front end of the sleeve, the motor support with the motor is fixed on the rear end face of the temperature reduction base, and a motor shaft of the motor is fixedly connected with the rear end of the rotating shaft.
Further, in the method for spinning and closing up the aluminum liner of the high-pressure hydrogen bottle without the core die, a coil pipe made of a metal pipe or a plastic pipe is sleeved on a sleeve pipe, and a liquid inlet end and a liquid outlet end of the coil pipe are positioned on the same side; the liquid inlet end and the liquid outlet end of the coil pipe are both provided with joints, and the joints are one of clamping sleeve joints or pagoda joints.
Further, in the above method for spinning and closing the aluminum inner container of the high-pressure hydrogen bottle without the core mold, a gap between the rotating shaft and the sleeve is filled with heat-conducting silica gel.
Further, in the above method for spinning and closing up the aluminum inner container of the high pressure hydrogen bottle without the core mold, a shaft shoulder is arranged on the rotating shaft extending out of the front end of the sleeve, the spinning wheel is sleeved in from the front end of the rotating shaft and fixed on the shaft shoulder through a plurality of first bolts, the cover plate is fixed on the front end of the rotating shaft through a plurality of second bolts, and the cover plate is tightly attached to the front end of the spinning wheel and covers the first bolts.
Further, according to the method for spinning and closing the aluminum liner of the high-pressure hydrogen bottle without the core mold, the temperature reduction base is formed by splicing a male base and a female base, a clamping groove is formed in the rear end face of the male base inwards, a boss which protrudes outwards and is correspondingly matched with the clamping groove is arranged on the front end face of the female base, and the boss is clamped in the clamping groove.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method can finish the spinning closing-up operation of the end part of the aluminum alloy tube without adopting a core die, strictly controls the flow of the aluminum alloy master batch by reasonably distributing spinning passes and the feeding amount of each moving part and controlling the traveling path of each spinning roller and the heating temperature in the spinning closing-up process of each group, can reduce the probability of generating cracks, improves the qualification rate of the aluminum inner container, and can get rid of the dependence on the core die.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic clamping diagram of a core-die-free spinning closing-up method for an aluminum liner of a high-pressure hydrogen bottle according to the invention.
FIG. 2 is a route diagram of the spinning wheel walking in each spinning process when the first set of spinning closing operations are performed on the bottle mouth closing section and the end enclosure thickening section.
FIG. 3 is a route diagram of the spinning wheel walking in each spinning process when the second group of spinning closing operations are performed on the bottle mouth closing section and the seal head thickening section.
Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged structural view of a portion a in fig. 3.
FIG. 5 is a route diagram of the spinning wheel walking in each spinning process when the third group of spinning closing operations are performed on the bottle mouth closing section and the seal head thickening section.
Fig. 6 is a partially enlarged structural view of a portion B in fig. 5.
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the bottle mouth and the end socket after the fourth group of spinning closing operations are performed on the bottle mouth closing section and the end socket thickening section.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the spinning wheel with a cooling device.
Fig. 9 is an exploded view of the components of fig. 8, disassembled.
Figure 10 is an exploded view of the desuperheating base.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.
Example one
For convenience of description, as shown in fig. 7, after the end of the aluminum alloy tube 100 is spun and closed to the mouth 700 and the closure head 800 is formed, the difference between the outer radius of the end of the aluminum alloy tube 100 before spinning and closing and the outer radius of the formed mouth 700 is defined as a. The method for spinning and closing the aluminum liner of the high-pressure hydrogen bottle without the core die in the embodiment comprises the following steps of:
(1) as shown in fig. 1, one end of an aluminum alloy tube 100 is clamped in a clamping device 200 of a spinning closing-in device, and a bottle mouth closing-in section 500 and a sealing head thickening section 600 of the end part of the aluminum alloy tube 100 extending out of the clamping device 200 are preheated; the preheating temperature is 500 +/-10 ℃, and the preheating time is 8-10 minutes;
(2) after preheating is finished, performing a first group of spinning closing-in operation on the bottle neck closing-in section 500 and the seal head thickening section 600; as shown in fig. 2, the first set of spinning closing-in operation is divided into five passes for spinning, and the excess aluminum alloy material in the bottle mouth closing-in section 500 is extruded to the end socket thickening section 600 in batches through five passes. The first spinning is linear spinning, and the second spinning to the fifth spinning are progressive segmented spinning: the front section of each spinning is in straight line spinning, the rear section of each spinning is in convex curve spinning, and a conical bottle mouth closing section and an elliptical sealing head thickening section are finally obtained; the difference between the minimum outer radius of the conical bottle mouth closing section obtained after the first group of spinning closing operation is finished and the outer radius of the end part of the aluminum alloy tube 100 before spinning closing is b, b = (0.25-0.4) a;
wherein, the initial radial feed H1 of the spinning wheel 5 in each spinning process is the same; in each spinning process, the walking routes of the spinning wheels positioned in the linear spinning section are all inclined straight lines forming an included angle alpha with the axis of the aluminum alloy pipe 100, in the first spinning process and the second spinning process, the included angles alpha of the walking routes of the spinning wheels positioned in the linear spinning section are 4-4.5 degrees, and in the second spinning process to the fifth spinning process, the included angle of the walking route of each spinning wheel positioned in the rear spinning section of the linear spinning section is increased by 0-0.5 degrees compared with the included angle of the walking route of the spinning wheel positioned in the front spinning section; continuously heating the mouth closing section and the end socket thickening section of the bottle mouth in the first group of spinning closing operation, wherein the heating temperature is 500 +/-10 ℃;
(3) performing a second group of spinning closing-in operation on the bottle mouth closing-in section and the end socket thickening section; as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the second group of spinning closing-in operation is divided into twelve passes for progressive sectional spinning: the front section of each spinning is in straight line spinning, the rear section of each spinning is in convex curve spinning, and a conical bottle mouth closing section and an elliptical sealing head thickening section are finally obtained; here, the excess aluminum alloy flow in the mouth-closing section 500 is extruded in batches to the head-thickening section 600 in twelve passes. The difference between the minimum outer radius of the tapered mouth section obtained after the second group of spinning closing-in operations is finished and the minimum outer radius of the tapered mouth section obtained after the first group of spinning closing-in operations is c, and c = (0.35-0.65) a;
wherein, the initial radial feed H2 of the spinning wheel 5 in each spinning process is the same; in each spinning process, the walking route of the spinning wheel positioned in the linear spinning section is an oblique straight line forming an included angle beta with the axis of the aluminum alloy tube 100, in the first spinning process, the included angle beta of the walking route of the spinning wheel positioned in the linear spinning section is 4-6 degrees, and in the spinning process, the included angle of the walking route of each spinning wheel positioned in the rear path of the linear spinning section is increased by 1-1.5 degrees compared with the included angle of the walking route of the spinning wheel positioned in the front path of the spinning section; continuously heating the bottle mouth closing section 500 and the end socket thickening section 600 in the second group of spinning closing operations, wherein the heating temperature is 500 +/-10 ℃;
(4) performing a third group of spinning closing-in operation on the bottle mouth closing-in section 500 and the seal head thickening section 600; as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the third group of spinning closing-in operation is divided into four passes for progressive sectional spinning: the front section of each spinning is in straight line spinning, the rear section of each spinning is in convex curve spinning, and a cylindrical bottle mouth closing section and an elliptical seal head thickening section are finally obtained; here, the excess aluminum alloy flow in the mouth-closing section 500 is extruded in batches to the head-thickening section 600 in four passes. The difference between the outer radius of the cylindrical bottle mouth closing section obtained after the third group of spinning closing operation is finished and the maximum outer radius of the conical bottle mouth closing section obtained after the second group of spinning closing operation is finished is d, and d = (0.1-0.2) a;
wherein, the initial radial feed amount of the spinning wheel 5 in each spinning process is zero; in each spinning process, the walking route of the spinning wheel positioned in the linear spinning section is an inclined straight line forming an included angle gamma with the axis of the aluminum alloy tube 100, in the first spinning process, the included angle gamma of the walking route of the spinning wheel positioned in the linear spinning section is 16-18 degrees, and in the spinning process, the included angle of the walking route of each spinning wheel positioned in the rear spinning of the linear spinning section is reduced by 4-4.5 degrees compared with the included angle of the walking route of the spinning wheel positioned in the front spinning; continuously heating the bottle mouth closing section and the end socket thickening section in the third group of spinning closing operation, wherein the heating temperature is 500 +/-10 ℃;
(5) performing fourth group of spinning closing-in operation on the bottle neck closing-in section 500 and the end socket thickening section 600 until the bottle neck and the end socket are formed, wherein the fourth group of spinning closing-in operation is a surface finishing process; continuously heating the mouth closing section and the end socket thickening section of the bottle mouth in the fourth group of spinning closing operations, wherein the heating temperature is 500 +/-10 ℃;
(6) and (3) taking the aluminum alloy pipe 100 from the clamping device 20, rotating the aluminum alloy pipe by 180 degrees, clamping the aluminum alloy pipe 100 with the spinning closed end in the clamping device 200, and repeating the steps (1) to (5).
Wherein, the step (2), the step (3) and the step (4) are all rapid plastic forming stages, and the spinning wheel 5 at the stage adopts a rough spinning wheel structure which is made of GCr15, has the hardness of HRC60 +/-2, has the diameter of 300mm, has the thickness of 60-80 mm and the fillet radius of 16-20 mm.
The step (5) is a precise forming stage, and the spinning wheel 5 at the stage adopts a fine spinning wheel structure which is made of GCr15, has the hardness of HRC60 +/-2, has the diameter of 250mm, has the thickness of 60-80 mm and has the fillet radius of 8-12 mm.
In the step (2), the step (3), the step (4) and the step (5), the rotating speeds of the clamping devices of the spinning closing-in equipment in the four groups of spinning closing-in operation processes are all 150-200 r/min; the pressure applied to the aluminum alloy tube by the spinning wheel is 50-60 KN, the rotating speed of the spinning wheel is 550-750 r/min, and the axial advancing speed of the spinning wheel is 1 mm/r.
The mode of preheating and heating the bottleneck mouth section 500 and the end socket thickening section 600 can adopt a plurality of heating guns 300 to burn natural gas for preheating and heating, and the heating guns 300 are arranged at intervals. A group of infrared temperature measuring guns 400 can be arranged in the areas of the bottle mouth closing section 500 and the end socket thickening section 600 and used for monitoring the base metal temperature of the aluminum alloy pipe 100 in the area in real time, and when the base metal temperature of the aluminum alloy pipe 100 in the area is abnormal: when the height is too high or too low, an operator can conveniently take measures in time, and the phenomena of peeling and scrapping of the surface of the aluminum alloy pipe and the like are avoided.
The spinning closing-up method can finish the spinning closing-up operation of the end part of the aluminum alloy tube without adopting a core die, the flow of the aluminum alloy master batch is strictly controlled by reasonably distributing spinning passes and the feeding amount of each moving part and controlling the traveling path of each spinning roller 5 and the heating temperature in the spinning closing-up process of each group, the probability of generating cracks can be reduced, the qualification rate of the aluminum inner container is improved, and the dependence on the core die can be eliminated.
Example two
As shown in fig. 8, 9 and 10, in the present embodiment, the spinning wheel 5 in the spinning and necking apparatus is provided with a cooling device, and the structure of the cooling device includes: the temperature reduction base 1 with the installation cavity is characterized in that a first sleeve pipe hole 12 which is through from front to back is formed in the front end face 11 of the temperature reduction base 1, a second sleeve pipe hole 14 which is through from front to back is formed in the rear end face 13 of the temperature reduction base 1, the sleeve 2 is inserted into the installation cavity of the temperature reduction base 1, the front end of the sleeve 2 is fixedly placed in the first sleeve pipe hole 12, and the rear end of the sleeve 2 is fixedly placed in the second sleeve pipe hole 14. The coil pipe 3 is sleeved on the sleeve pipe 2, and the liquid inlet end 31 and the liquid outlet end 32 of the coil pipe 3 respectively penetrate through the corresponding through holes 103 on the side wall of the temperature reduction base 1 and then extend out of the temperature reduction base 1. The rotating shaft 4 is supported and arranged in the sleeve 2 through a bearing, the spinning wheel 5 is fixed at the front end of the rotating shaft 4 extending out of the front end of the sleeve 2, the motor support 7 with the motor 8 is fixed on the rear end surface 13 of the temperature reduction base 1, and the motor shaft of the motor 8 is fixedly connected with the rear end of the rotating shaft 4. The rotating shaft 4 is driven by the motor 8 to rotate relative to the axis of the rotating shaft, so that the spinning wheel 5 fixed on the rotating shaft 4 rotates.
As shown in fig. 10, the coil 3 in this embodiment can be made of metal or plastic pipe coil, and the inlet end 31 and the outlet end 32 of the coil 3 are located on the same side. The liquid inlet end 31 and the liquid outlet end 32 of the coil pipe 3 are both provided with joints 9, and the joints 9 can adopt one of a ferrule joint or a pagoda joint. The inlet end 31 of the coil 3 is connected to a source of powered cold medium via a connection 9. The refrigerant medium can be antifreeze or water with the temperature not higher than 35 ℃.
In this embodiment, the gap between the rotating shaft 4 and the sleeve 2 is filled with heat-conducting silica gel, which can enhance the heat transfer effect, improve the indirect heat exchange efficiency between the refrigerant medium in the coil 3 and the rotating shaft 4 and the spinning wheel 5, ensure the uniform cooling of the spinning wheel 5, and contribute to lubrication and smooth rotation of the rotating shaft 4.
The spinning wheel 5 in the embodiment is made of GCr15, the hardness is HRC60 +/-2, the diameter of the spinning wheel 5 is 250-300 mm, and the radius of a working fillet of the spinning wheel 5 is 8-20 mm. In the process of indirect cooling, the working temperature of the spinning wheel 5 is generally 350-400 ℃.
As shown in fig. 9, in this embodiment, the fixing manner of the rotary wheel 5 to the rotary shaft 4 is as follows: a shaft shoulder 41 is arranged on the rotating shaft 4 extending out of the front end of the sleeve 2, the spinning wheel 5 is sleeved in from the front end of the rotating shaft 4 and fixed on the shaft shoulder 41 through a plurality of first bolts 51, an inward-recessed mounting groove is arranged on the front end face of the spinning wheel 5, and the head of each first bolt 51 is positioned in the mounting groove. The cover plate 6 is fixed on the front end of the rotating shaft 4 through a plurality of second bolts 61, and the cover plate 6 is tightly attached to the front end of the spinning wheel 5 and covers the first bolts 51 in the mounting groove.
As shown in fig. 10, in order to facilitate the installation of the casing 2, etc., the desuperheating base 1 is formed by splicing a male base 100 and a female base 101, and an internal cavity 104 of the male base 100 and an internal cavity of the female base 101 are spliced to form a complete installation cavity. A clamping groove 15 is formed inwards on the rear end face of the male base 100, a boss 16 which protrudes outwards and is correspondingly matched with the clamping groove is arranged on the front end face of the female base 101, and the boss 16 is clamped in the clamping groove 15. The constant-temperature spinning wheel structure is arranged on a spinning machine through a temperature-reducing base 1 and a plurality of fasteners.
The structure has the following advantages: the structure of the rotating shaft 4 does not need to be changed, the whole structure is simple and compact, and the processing and maintenance cost is low; secondly, when the spinning machine works, the cooling medium of the input coil pipe 3 absorbs heat indirectly, so that the rotating shaft 4 and the spinning wheel 5 are cooled uniformly, cooling liquid or lubricating liquid does not need to be poured into the spinning wheel 5 and the spun aluminum pipe base metal, the spinning closing-up yield is greatly improved, the working environment of the spinning wheel 5 is improved, and the service life of the spinning wheel is prolonged.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, but any modifications or equivalent variations made in accordance with the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention as claimed.
Claims (9)
1. A spinning closing-in method of a coreless die of an aluminum liner of a high-pressure hydrogen bottle comprises the steps that after an end part of an aluminum alloy tube is spun and closed to a bottle mouth and a sealing head is formed, the difference between the outer radius of the end part of the aluminum alloy tube before being spun and closed and the outer radius of the formed bottle mouth is a; the method is characterized in that: the spinning closing method comprises the following steps:
(1) clamping one end of an aluminum alloy tube in a clamping device of spinning closing-in equipment, and preheating a bottle mouth closing-in section and an end socket thickening section of the end part of the aluminum alloy tube extending out of the clamping device; the preheating temperature is 500 +/-10 ℃, and the preheating time is 8-10 minutes;
(2) after preheating is finished, performing a first group of spinning closing-in operation on the bottle mouth closing-in section and the seal head thickening section; the first group of spinning closing-in operation is divided into five-pass spinning, the first-pass spinning is linear spinning, and the second-pass spinning to the fifth-pass spinning is progressive segmented spinning: the front section of each spinning is in straight line spinning, the rear section of each spinning is in convex curve spinning, and a conical bottle mouth closing section and an elliptical sealing head thickening section are finally obtained; the difference between the minimum outer radius of the closing section of the conical bottle mouth obtained after the first group of spinning closing operation is finished and the outer radius of the end part of the aluminum alloy pipe before spinning closing is b, b = (0.25-0.4) a;
wherein, the initial radial feed H1 of the spinning wheel in each spinning process is the same; in each spinning process, the walking routes of the spinning wheels positioned in the linear spinning section are all inclined straight lines forming an included angle alpha with the axis of the aluminum alloy pipe, in the first spinning process and the second spinning process, the included angles alpha of the walking routes of the spinning wheels positioned in the linear spinning section are 4-4.5 degrees, and in the second spinning process to the fifth spinning process, the included angle of the walking route of each spinning wheel positioned in the rear spinning section of the linear spinning section is increased by 0-0.5 degrees compared with the included angle of the walking route of the spinning wheel spun in the front spinning section; continuously heating the mouth closing section and the end socket thickening section of the bottle mouth in the first group of spinning closing operation, wherein the heating temperature is 500 +/-10 ℃;
(3) performing a second group of spinning closing-in operation on the bottle mouth closing-in section and the end socket thickening section; the second group of spinning closing-in operation is divided into twelve passes for progressive segmented spinning: the front section of each spinning is in straight line spinning, the rear section of each spinning is in convex curve spinning, and a conical bottle mouth closing section and an elliptical sealing head thickening section are finally obtained; the difference between the minimum outer radius of the tapered mouth section obtained after the second group of spinning closing-in operations is finished and the minimum outer radius of the tapered mouth section obtained after the first group of spinning closing-in operations is c, and c = (0.35-0.65) a;
wherein, the initial radial feed H2 of the spinning wheel in each spinning process is the same; in each spinning process, the walking route of the spinning wheel positioned in the linear spinning section is an oblique straight line forming an included angle beta with the axis of the aluminum alloy tube, in the first spinning process, the included angle beta of the walking route of the spinning wheel positioned in the linear spinning section is 4-6 degrees, and in the spinning process, the included angle of the walking route of each spinning wheel positioned in the rear path of the linear spinning section is increased by 1-1.5 degrees compared with the included angle of the walking route of the spinning wheel positioned in the front path of the spinning section; continuously heating the bottle mouth closing section and the end socket thickening section in the second group of spinning closing operation, wherein the heating temperature is 500 +/-10 ℃;
(4) carrying out a third group of spinning closing-in operation on the bottle mouth closing-in section and the end socket thickening section; the third group of spinning closing-in operation is divided into four passes for progressive segmented spinning: the front section of each spinning is in straight line spinning, the rear section of each spinning is in convex curve spinning, and a cylindrical bottle mouth closing section and an elliptical seal head thickening section are finally obtained; the difference between the outer radius of the cylindrical bottle mouth closing section obtained after the third group of spinning closing operation is finished and the maximum outer radius of the conical bottle mouth closing section obtained after the second group of spinning closing operation is finished is d, and d = (0.1-0.2) a;
wherein, the initial radial feed of the spinning wheel in each spinning process is zero; in each spinning process, the walking route of the spinning wheel positioned in the linear spinning section is an oblique straight line forming an included angle gamma with the axis of the aluminum alloy tube, in the first spinning process, the included angle gamma of the walking route of the spinning wheel positioned in the linear spinning section is 16-18 degrees, and in the spinning process, the included angle of the walking route of each spinning wheel positioned in the rear spinning section of the linear spinning section is reduced by 4-4.5 degrees compared with the included angle of the walking route of the spinning wheel positioned in the front spinning section; continuously heating the bottle mouth closing section and the end socket thickening section in the third group of spinning closing operation, wherein the heating temperature is 500 +/-10 ℃;
(5) performing fourth group spinning closing-in operation on the bottle mouth closing-in section and the end enclosure thickening section until the bottle mouth and the end enclosure are formed, wherein the fourth group spinning closing-in operation is a surface finishing process; continuously heating the mouth closing section and the end socket thickening section of the bottle mouth in the fourth group of spinning closing operations, wherein the heating temperature is 500 +/-10 ℃;
(6) and (3) taking the aluminum alloy pipe out of the clamping device, rotating the aluminum alloy pipe by 180 degrees, clamping the aluminum alloy pipe with the spinning ending end in the clamping device, and repeating the steps (1) to (5).
2. The mandrel-free spinning closing method for the aluminum liner of the high-pressure hydrogen bottle according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (4) performing spinning closing-up operation by adopting a spinning wheel which is made of GCr15, has the hardness of HRC60 +/-2, has the diameter of 300mm, has the thickness of 60-80 mm and has the fillet radius of 16-20 mm.
3. The mandrel-free spinning closing method for the aluminum liner of the high-pressure hydrogen bottle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: and (5) performing surface finishing on the mouth closing section and the end socket thickening section by adopting a spinning wheel which is made of GCr15, has the hardness of HRC60 +/-2, has the diameter of 250mm, the thickness of 60-80 mm and the fillet radius of 8-12 mm.
4. The mandrel-free spinning closing method for the aluminum liner of the high-pressure hydrogen bottle according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (2), the step (3), the step (4) and the step (5), the rotating speeds of the clamping devices of the spinning closing-in equipment in the four groups of spinning closing-in operation processes are all 150-200 r/min; the pressure applied to the aluminum alloy tube by the spinning wheel is 50-60 KN, the rotating speed of the spinning wheel is 550-750 r/min, and the axial advancing speed of the spinning wheel is 1 mm/r.
5. The mandrel-free spinning closing method for the aluminum liner of the high-pressure hydrogen bottle according to claim 1, characterized in that: the spinning wheel in the spinning closing-in equipment is provided with a cooling device, and the structure of the cooling device comprises: the temperature reduction base is provided with an installation cavity, a first sleeve hole which is through from front to back is formed in the front end face of the temperature reduction base, a second sleeve hole which is through from front to back is formed in the rear end face of the temperature reduction base, the sleeve is inserted into the installation cavity of the temperature reduction base, the front end of the sleeve is fixedly placed in the first sleeve hole, and the rear end of the sleeve is fixedly placed in the second sleeve hole; the coil pipe is sleeved on the sleeve pipe, and the liquid inlet end and the liquid outlet end of the coil pipe respectively penetrate through the corresponding through holes on the side wall of the temperature reduction base and then extend out of the temperature reduction base; the rotating shaft is supported and arranged in the sleeve through a bearing, the spinning wheel is fixed at the front end of the rotating shaft extending out of the front end of the sleeve, the motor support with the motor is fixed on the rear end face of the temperature reduction base, and a motor shaft of the motor is fixedly connected with the rear end of the rotating shaft.
6. The mandrel-free spinning closing method for the aluminum liner of the high-pressure hydrogen bottle according to claim 5, characterized in that: a coil pipe made of a metal pipe or a plastic pipe is sleeved on the sleeve pipe, and the liquid inlet end and the liquid outlet end of the coil pipe are positioned at the same side; the liquid inlet end and the liquid outlet end of the coil pipe are both provided with joints, and the joints are one of clamping sleeve joints or pagoda joints.
7. The mandrel-free spinning closing method for the aluminum liner of the high-pressure hydrogen bottle according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: and heat-conducting silica gel is filled in a gap between the rotating shaft and the sleeve.
8. The mandrel-free spinning closing method for the aluminum liner of the high-pressure hydrogen bottle according to claim 5, characterized in that: the rotary shaft extending out of the front end of the sleeve is provided with a shaft shoulder, the rotary pressing wheel is sleeved in from the front end of the rotary shaft and fixed on the shaft shoulder through a plurality of first bolts, the cover plate is fixed on the front end of the rotary shaft through a plurality of second bolts, and the cover plate is tightly attached to the front end of the rotary pressing wheel and covers all the first bolts.
9. The mandrel-free spinning closing method for the aluminum liner of the high-pressure hydrogen bottle according to claim 5, characterized in that: the temperature reduction base is formed by splicing a male base and a female base, a clamping groove is formed in the rear end face of the male base inwards, a boss which protrudes outwards and is matched with the clamping groove correspondingly is arranged on the front end face of the female base, and the boss is embedded in the clamping groove in a clamping mode.
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