CN112369503A - 一种低蛋白日粮 - Google Patents
一种低蛋白日粮 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112369503A CN112369503A CN202011235337.2A CN202011235337A CN112369503A CN 112369503 A CN112369503 A CN 112369503A CN 202011235337 A CN202011235337 A CN 202011235337A CN 112369503 A CN112369503 A CN 112369503A
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- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种低蛋白日粮，涉及饲料领域。本发明所述低蛋白日粮包含以下质量分数的成分：玉米90‑95％、豆粕2‑6％、大豆油0.2‑1.6％、氯化钠0.3‑0.4％、磷酸氢钙0‑1.1％、石粉0.65‑1％、赖氨酸0.4‑0.64％、蛋氨酸0.02‑0.07％、苏氨酸0.16‑0.23％、色氨酸0.04‑0.1％、缬氨酸0‑0.12％、异亮氨酸0‑0.1％和预混料0.8‑1.2％；所述预混料中包含维生素预混料和微量元素预混料。由本发明所述配方制备的低蛋白日粮饲养肥育猪，可以减少养殖排泄物中氮的排放对环境带来的影响，保证肥育猪有较好的生产性能，提高肥育猪无脂瘦肉日增重，降低肥育猪的肌纤维密度，降低肥育猪血浆中胆固醇和丙二醛的含量，改善肥育猪肠道内容物微生物的物种多样性指数。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及饲料领域，尤其涉及一种低蛋白日粮。
背景技术
长期以来，我国面临着蛋白饲料资源紧缺局面，养殖排泄物的氮排放带来较大环境影响，养殖业受到成本和环保的双重挤压，倒逼养殖节本增效新技术加快应用。自20世纪90年代起，低蛋白日粮成为全世界动物营养界研究热点，我国也同步跟进了理想氨基酸平衡等核心理论和技术研究，目前低蛋白日粮配制与应用技术已经成熟，尤其是动物营养净能体系和理想氨基酸模型等基础理论的建立，氨基酸产业化发展大幅降低成本，使低蛋白日粮全面推广应用成为可能。目前，低蛋白日粮在一体化养殖企业中应用积极性高，但在商品饲料上使用仍然不普遍。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的不足之处而提供一种改善肥育猪体蛋白沉积和肠道健康的低蛋白日粮。
为实现上述目的，本发明所采取的技术方案为：一种低蛋白日粮，其特征在于，包含以下质量分数的成分：玉米90-95％、豆粕2-6％、大豆油0.2-1.6％、氯化钠0.3-0.4％、磷酸氢钙0-1.1％、石粉0.65-1％、赖氨酸0.4-0.64％、蛋氨酸0.02-0.07％、苏氨酸0.16-0.23％、色氨酸0.04-0.1％、缬氨酸0-0.12％、异亮氨酸0-0.1％和预混料0.8-1.2％；所述预混料中包含维生素预混料和微量元素预混料。
优选地，所述低蛋白日粮包含以下质量分数的成分：玉米90.58％、豆粕3.7％、大豆油1.53％、氯化钠0.3％、磷酸氢钙1.1％、石粉0.65％、赖氨酸0.64％、蛋氨酸0.07％、苏氨酸0.23％、色氨酸0.1％、缬氨酸0.05％、异亮氨酸0.05％和预混料1％。
优选地，所述维生素预混料中包含以下质量浓度的成分：VA 1300IU/kg、VD3150IU/kg、VE 11mg/kg、VK3 0.50mg/kg、VK 0.50mg/kg、生物素0.05mg/kg、胆碱0.30mg/kg、叶酸0.3mg/kg、烟酸30mg/kg、泛酸钙7mg/kg、VB1 1mg/kg、VB2 2mg/kg、VB6 5mg/kg和VB120.05mg/kg。
优选地，所述微量元素预混料中包含以下质量分数的成分：Cu 3mg/kg、Fe 40mg/kg、Zn 50mg/kg、Mn 2mg/kg、I 0.14mg/kg和Se 0.15mg/kg。
优选地，所述低蛋白日粮中，粗蛋白水平≤10％。
优选地，所述低蛋白日粮提供的消化能为3390-3450kcal/kg，代谢能为3330-3380kcal/kg，净能为2440-2560kcal/kg。
相比于现有技术，本发明的有益效果为：降低饲料中粗蛋白的含量，减少养殖排泄物中氮的排放对环境带来的影响，同时提供足够的能量以供肥育猪生长，保证肥育猪有较好的生产性能。此外，本发明公开的低蛋白日粮配方可提高肥育猪无脂瘦肉日增重，降低肥育猪的肌纤维密度，降低肥育猪血浆中胆固醇和丙二醛的含量，改善肥育猪肠道内容物微生物的物种多样性指数。
附图说明
图1为日粮粗蛋白水平对肥育猪背最长肌肌纤维直径影响的HE染色图；
图2为日粮粗蛋白水平对肥育猪背最长肌肌纤维密度影响的测试图；
图3为日粮粗蛋白水平对肥育猪肠道内容物微生物的物种多样性的测试图。
具体实施方式
为更好地说明本发明的目的、技术方案和优点，下面将结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1～3为本发明所述低蛋白日粮，对比例1～2为配方有别于本发明的基础日粮，其配方如表1所示，营养水平如表2所示。
表1 基础日粮配方(质量百分数％)
表2 营养水平
性能测试
1)日粮粗蛋白水平对肥育猪生产性能的影响
表3为日粮粗蛋白水平对肥育猪生产性能的影响。
表3 日粮粗蛋白水平对肥育猪生产性能的影响
从表3中可知，试验期间第1-14、14-28和1-28天各处理组的肥育猪体重、ADG、ADFI和F/G均无显著性差异(P>0.05)，说明低蛋白日粮不会降低肥育猪的生产性能。
2)日粮粗蛋白水平对肥育猪胴体形状和体蛋白沉积的影响
表4为日粮粗蛋白水平对肥育猪胴体形状和体蛋白沉积的影响的测试结果。
表4 日粮粗蛋白水平对肥育猪胴体形状和体蛋白沉积的影响
注：同行字母肩标不同者表示差异显著(P<0.05)，有相同肩标字母或未标注表示差异不显著(P>0.05)；下同。
从表4中可知，与其他蛋白水平处理组相比，日粮低蛋白水平(粗蛋白质量分数≤10％)显著降低了肥育猪第1肋骨的背膘厚(P<0.05)，并有降低第10肋骨和最后肋骨背膘厚的趋势(P<0.10)，但是各处理组的屠宰率、眼肌面积、腹脂率和腰荐结合处的背膘厚均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。与其他蛋白水平处理组相比，日粮低蛋白水平显著提高了肥育猪无脂瘦肉日增重(P<0.05)。
3)日粮粗蛋白水平对肥育猪肉品质的影响
表5为日粮粗蛋白水平对肥育猪肉品质的影响的测试结果。
表5 日粮粗蛋白水平对肥育猪肉品质的影响
从表5中可知，与其他蛋白水平处理组相比，日粮低蛋白水平(粗蛋白质量分数≤10％)显著降低了肥育猪背最长肌宰后48小时的肉色黄度值b*(P<0.05)。各处理组的大理石纹、肉色L*值和a*值、滴水损失、pH值等指标均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。
图1为日粮粗蛋白水平对肥育猪背最长肌肌纤维直径影响的HE染色图，图2为日粮粗蛋白水平对肥育猪背最长肌肌纤维密度影响的测试图。从图1和图2中可知，与16％蛋白水平处理组相比，低蛋白日粮显著降低了肥育猪的肌纤维密度(P<0.05)。
4)日粮粗蛋白水平对肥育猪血液生化指标和激素水平的影响
表6为日粮粗蛋白水平对肥育猪血液生化指标和激素水平的影响的测试结果。
表6 日粮粗蛋白水平对肥育猪血液生化指标和激素水平的影响
从表6中可知，日粮低蛋白水平(粗蛋白质量分数≤10％)显著降低了血浆中胆固醇含量(P<0.05)，并对促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素含量有降低的趋势(P＝0.09)。各处理间的乳酸、血糖、白蛋白、甘油三酯、总蛋白、促肾上腺皮质激素、皮质醇和胰岛素水平均没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。
5)日粮粗蛋白水平对肥育猪血液抗氧化能力的影响
表7为日粮粗蛋白水平对肥育猪血液抗氧化能力的影响的测试结果。
表7 日粮粗蛋白水平对肥育猪血液抗氧化能力的影响
如表7所示，日粮粗蛋白质量分数≤10％时，显著降低了肥育猪血浆的丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05)，各处理组的肥育猪血液过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽、氧化型谷胱甘肽、谷胱甘肽/氧化型谷胱甘肽、活性氧含量均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。
6)日粮粗蛋白水平对肥育猪肠道菌群的影响
以16S测序法对菌群进行检测，图3为日粮粗蛋白水平对肥育猪肠道内容物微生物的物种多样性的测试图。结果显示，低蛋白日粮显著改变了肠道内容物微生物的物种多样性指数，并显著增加了回肠内容物中乳酸杆菌的相对丰度，尤其是罗伊氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus reuteri)和噬淀粉乳杆菌(Lactobacillus amylovorus)的数量(P<0.05)。此外，Spearman相关分析揭示肥育猪肠道噬淀粉乳杆菌的丰度与第1肋骨背膘厚成负相关关系，而肉色跟肠道链球菌、Turicibacter细菌的丰度成正相关关系。
最后所应当说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，但并不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种低蛋白日粮，其特征在于，包含以下质量分数的成分：玉米90-95％、豆粕2-6％、大豆油0.2-1.6％、氯化钠0.3-0.4％、磷酸氢钙0-1.1％、石粉0.65-1％、赖氨酸0.4-0.64％、蛋氨酸0.02-0.07％、苏氨酸0.16-0.23％、色氨酸0.04-0.1％、缬氨酸0-0.12％、异亮氨酸0-0.1％和预混料0.8-1.2％；所述预混料中包含维生素预混料和微量元素预混料。
2.如权利要求1所述的低蛋白日粮，其特征在于，所述低蛋白日粮包含以下质量分数的成分：玉米90.58％、豆粕3.7％、大豆油1.53％、氯化钠0.3％、磷酸氢钙1.1％、石粉0.65％、赖氨酸0.64％、蛋氨酸0.07％、苏氨酸0.23％、色氨酸0.1％、缬氨酸0.05％、异亮氨酸0.05％和预混料1％。
3.如权利要求1所述的低蛋白日粮，其特征在于，所述维生素预混料中包含以下浓度的成分：VA 1300IU/kg、VD3 150IU/kg、VE 11mg/kg、VK3 0.50mg/kg、VK 0.50mg/kg、生物素0.05mg/kg、胆碱0.30mg/kg、叶酸0.3mg/kg、烟酸30mg/kg、泛酸钙7mg/kg、VB1 1mg/kg、VB22mg/kg、VB6 5mg/kg和VB12 0.05mg/kg。
4.如权利要求1所述的低蛋白日粮，其特征在于，所述微量元素预混料中包含以下质量分数的成分：Cu 3mg/kg、Fe 40mg/kg、Zn 50mg/kg、Mn 2mg/kg、I 0.14mg/kg和Se 0.15mg/kg。
5.如权利要求1～4任一项所述的低蛋白日粮，其特征在于，所述低蛋白日粮中，粗蛋白水平≤10％。
6.如权利要求5所述的低蛋白日粮，其特征在于，所述低蛋白日粮提供的消化能为3390-3450kcal/kg，代谢能为3330-3380kcal/kg，净能为2440-2560kcal/kg。
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Application publication date: 20210219 |
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