CN112366236B - Light energy collecting microstructure, photosensitive element and optical device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The application relates to a light energy collecting microstructure, a photosensitive element and an optical device. Wherein the light energy collecting microstructure comprises: a nanoparticle dimer array composed of periodically arranged nanoparticle dimers; the arrangement direction of the nano particle dimers is vertical to the propagation direction of incident light; the first nanoparticles and the second nanoparticles in the nanoparticle dimer are distributed along the propagation direction of incident light, and the first nanoparticles and the second nanoparticles are distributed in a staggered manner in the polarization direction of the incident light. Under the irradiation of incident light, two nanoparticles forming a nanoparticle dimer in the light energy collecting microstructure are respectively excited to form electric dipoles, local surface plasmon resonance is generated, and then the phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance enhancement due to coupling occurs, so that the light energy collecting efficiency can be obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of light energy collection, and more particularly to a light energy collecting microstructure, a photosensitive element, and an optical device.
Background
The first ruby laser emerged 43 years ago, and the photoelectric technology initiated and inoculated by the laser brings the change of covering the ground in the life of human beings. The rapid development of the optoelectronic technology due to its excellent performance characteristics has led to a large number of industries using the optoelectronic technology as a carrier, such as optical communication, optical display, optical storage, solar cells, etc. In either application, it is desirable to collect the incident light and then process or convert the collected incident light.
In the conventional light energy collection method, incident light is transmitted to a photosensitive element by using the photoelectric conversion function of the photosensitive element, and a received light signal is converted into an electric signal by the photosensitive element. Due to the large light energy loss in the collection process, under certain incidence conditions, the optical signal which can be converted into an electrical signal by the conventional photosensitive element is limited, and the output electrical signal is weak. Generally, a light-gathering structure is required to be designed at the front end to increase incident light energy, and an amplifying circuit is required to be designed at the rear end to amplify and output an electrical signal.
Therefore, the conventional photosensitive element has a disadvantage of low energy collection efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a light energy collecting microstructure, a photosensitive element, and an optical device, which have high energy collection efficiency, in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.
In a first aspect, there is provided a light energy collecting microstructure comprising:
a nanoparticle dimer array composed of periodically arranged nanoparticle dimers; the arrangement direction of the nano particle dimers is vertical to the propagation direction of incident light; the first nanoparticles and the second nanoparticles in the nanoparticle dimer are distributed along the propagation direction of the incident light, and the first nanoparticles and the second nanoparticles are distributed in a staggered manner in the polarization direction of the incident light.
In one embodiment, the first and second nanoparticles are misaligned in the polarization direction of the incident light by no more than half of the smaller spacing between the nanoparticle dimers.
In one embodiment, the distance between the nanoparticle dimers is 370nm to 1000nm.
In one embodiment, the first and second nanoparticles are closely distributed in the incident light propagation direction.
In one embodiment, the radius of the first nanoparticle and the second nanoparticle is 10nm-100nm.
In one embodiment, the nanoparticle dimers are inert metal nanoparticle dimers.
In one embodiment, the ratio of the radius to the lattice constant of the nanoparticles in the nanoparticle dimer is 1.
In a second aspect, a photosensitive element is provided, comprising the light energy collecting microstructure described above.
In a third aspect, an optical device is provided, comprising the photosensitive element described above.
The light energy collecting microstructure comprises a nanoparticle dimer array, wherein the nanoparticle dimer array is formed by periodically arranged nanoparticle dimers. Wherein the arrangement direction of the nanoparticle dimers is perpendicular to the propagation direction of the incident light. Two nanoparticles in the nanoparticle dimer are distributed along the propagation direction of incident light and are distributed in a staggered manner in the polarization direction of the incident light. Under the irradiation of incident light, the two nano particles are excited simultaneously to form electric dipole oscillation to generate local surface plasmon resonance, so that the phenomenon of coupling to promote the surface plasmon resonance enhancement is generated, and the light energy collection efficiency can be obviously improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a dimeric array of nanoparticles in one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a surface plasmon resonance absorption spectrum in one embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the positive and negative charges of the nanoparticle dimers at resonance mode in one embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the spatial phase distribution and optical energy flow collection of nanoparticle dimers in three resonance modes in one embodiment.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the present application, the present application will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Embodiments of the present application are set forth in the accompanying drawings. This application may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.
It will be understood that, as used herein, the terms "first," "second," and the like may be used herein to describe various elements, but these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first nanoparticle may be referred to as a second nanoparticle, and similarly, a second nanoparticle may be referred to as a first nanoparticle, without departing from the scope of the present application. The first nanoparticle and the second nanoparticle are both nanoparticles, but they are not the same nanoparticle.
It is to be understood that "connection" in the following embodiments is to be understood as "optical connection", and the like if circuits, modules, units, and the like, which are connected, have optical signal or data transfer therebetween.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" may include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises/comprising," "includes" or "including," or "having," and the like, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof. Also, as used in this specification, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of the associated listed items.
In one embodiment, there is provided a light energy collecting microstructure comprising: a nanoparticle dimer array composed of periodically arranged nanoparticle dimers; the arrangement direction of the nano particle dimer is perpendicular to the propagation direction of incident light; the first nanoparticles and the second nanoparticles in the nanoparticle dimer are distributed along the propagation direction of incident light, and the first nanoparticles and the second nanoparticles are distributed in a staggered manner in the polarization direction of the incident light.
Among them, nanoparticles are called ultrafine particles, which are a group consisting of a small number of atoms or molecules. It is believed that the state of the atoms on the surface of the nanoparticle is closer to the gaseous state, while the atoms inside the particle may be in an ordered arrangement. Nanoparticle dimer refers to a whole composed of two nanoparticles. Surface plasmons refer to the electromagnetic oscillations formed by the interaction of one free electron and a photon at a surface region of a material. The surface plasmon resonance refers to a phenomenon in which surface plasmons propagate in an interface direction. The special structure of the nanoparticles gives them some special physicochemical properties. Under the excitation of the optical field, free electrons in the nano particles vibrate together to form electric dipoles with positive charges in the crystal lattice, and local surface plasmon resonance is generated. The first nanoparticles and the second nanoparticles are distributed along the propagation direction of the incident light, which means that the incident light cannot reach the first nanoparticles and the second nanoparticles at the same time, that is, the first nanoparticles and the second nanoparticles are dislocated in the propagation direction of the incident light, and the method specifically includes: the first nanoparticle and the second nanoparticle are spaced apart, tangent or overlapped between projections of the polarization direction of the incident light. The first nanoparticles and the second nanoparticles are distributed in a staggered manner in the polarization direction of incident light, which means that the central connecting line of the first nanoparticles and the second nanoparticles is not coincident with the propagation direction of the incident light.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, a typical nanoparticle dimer array is shown. In fig. 1, E is the polarization direction of incident light, and k is the propagation direction of incident light. The alignment directions of nanoparticle dimers 100 are x and y, perpendicular to the propagation direction k of the incident light. Where E coincides with the x-direction and k coincides with the z-direction. The distance between two nanoparticle dimers in the x direction is P x A pitch in the y direction of P y . Each set of nanoparticle dimers 100 is composed of pairs of first nanoparticles 110 and second nanoparticles 120. The first nanoparticles 110 and the second nanoparticles 120 are dislocated in the polarization direction of the incident light by a distance Sx. It is understood that the first nanoparticles 110 may be misaligned relative to the second nanoparticles 120 in the positive direction x, or in the negative direction x, as shown in fig. 1, that is, the first nanoparticles 110 are misaligned relative to the second nanoparticles 120 in the positive direction x.
Under the excitation of the incident light field, the first nanoparticle 110 and the second nanoparticle 120 in the nanoparticle dimer 100 are excited to form electric dipoles, respectively, and generate a first localized surface plasmon resonance and a second localized surface plasmon resonance. Because the first nanoparticles 110 and the second nanoparticles 120 are dislocated in the polarization direction of incident light, the local surface plasmon resonance of the two nanoparticles can realize resonance spectrum modulation in a lattice constant range through a grating coupling mode, a surface plasmon resonance enhancement phenomenon occurs, stable continuous circulation of light energy is realized, and the light energy collection efficiency is improved. It can be understood that the material for making the nanoparticles can be metal or graphene; the shape of the nano particles can be spherical, ellipsoidal or conical; the groove can be made by adopting a semiconductor process, then the nano particles are put into the groove, or a nano particle dimer array distributed in an array can be directly made by using femtosecond laser. In short, the material, shape and production method of the nanoparticles are not limited in this embodiment.
The light energy collecting microstructure comprises a nanoparticle dimer array, wherein the nanoparticle dimer array is formed by periodically arranged nanoparticle dimers. Wherein the arrangement direction of the nanoparticle dimers is perpendicular to the propagation direction of the incident light. Two nanoparticles in the nanoparticle dimer are distributed along the propagation direction of incident light, and there is a misalignment in the polarization direction of the incident light. Under the irradiation of incident light, the two nano particles are excited simultaneously to form electric dipole oscillation to generate local surface plasmon resonance, so that the phenomenon of coupling and promoting the enhancement of the surface plasmon resonance is generated, stable continuous circulation of light energy is realized, and the light energy collection efficiency can be obviously improved. In addition, due to the improvement of the light energy collection efficiency, a signal amplification functional module is not required to be added at the rear end, the structure of the device can be simplified, the volume and the manufacturing cost are reduced, and the miniaturization process of the device is accelerated.
In one embodiment, with continued reference to fig. 1, the first nanoparticles 110 and the second nanoparticles 120 are closely distributed in the incident light propagation direction k.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the first nanoparticles and the second nanoparticles are closely distributed in the propagation direction of the incident light, which means that a common tangent L of the first nanoparticles 110 and the second nanoparticles 120 is perpendicular to the propagation direction z of the incident light.
In the above embodiment, the first nanoparticles and the second nanoparticles are closely distributed in the incident light propagation direction, so that the process difficulty can be reduced, and the manufacturing cost can be further reduced.
In one embodiment, the first nanoparticle and the second nanoparticle have a radius of 10nm to 100nm.
Specifically, the radius of the first nanoparticle and the radius of the second nanoparticle may be the same or different, and only the radius is within the range of 10nm to 100nm. For example, the radius of the first nanoparticle and/or the second nanoparticle may be 10nm, 20nm, 40nm, 50nm, 70nm, 80nm, or 100nm.
In the above embodiment, the proper size is selected as the radius of the nanoparticle, so that the effect of local surface plasmon resonance coupling can be improved, and the light energy collection efficiency can be improved.
In one embodiment, the spacing between nanoparticle dimers is 370nm to 1000nm.
As described above, the nanoparticle dimers have a spacing P in the x-direction x A pitch in the y direction of P y . Wherein, P x And P y May or may not be the same. Further, any one of values in the range of 370nm to 1000nm may be selected as the spacing between the dimers of the nanoparticles. For example, the pitch may be 370nm, 400nm, 500nm, 700nm, 850nm, or 1000nm. Further, when the incident light is monochromatic light, a value equal to the wavelength of the incident light may be selected as the spacing between the nanoparticle dimers. For example, when the wavelength of incident light is 532nm, 532nm may be selected as the spacing between nanoparticle dimers.
In the above embodiment, the appropriate size is selected as the distance between the nanoparticle dimers, so that the effect of local surface plasmon resonance coupling can be improved, and the light energy collection efficiency can be improved. In one embodiment, with continued reference to fig. 1, the first nanoparticles 110 and the second nanoparticles 120 are dislocated in the polarization direction E of the incident light by a distance S x Not more than half the smaller spacing between nanoparticle dimers.
As described above, the spacing P between nanoparticle dimers in the two periodically arranged directions x And P y May not be equal. At P x And P y When unequal, the dislocation distance S x Not exceeding P x And P y And the interference between two adjacent nano particle dimers can be avoided by half of the medium-small value, so that the stable surface plasmon resonance can be formed, and the light energy collection efficiency can be further improved.
In one embodiment, the nanoparticle dimers are inert metal nanoparticle dimers.
Specifically, the inert metal refers to a metal that cannot replace the hydrogen element in the hydride, i.e., a metal that is excluded from the periodic table after hydrogen. Specifically, the inert metal material includes gold, silver, platinum, and the like. Due to the excellent optical performance of the inert metal material, when the wavelength of exciting light is in a visible light region and a partial near infrared region, local surface plasmon resonance can be generated, further, the phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance enhancement due to coupling occurs, and the light energy collection efficiency can be obviously improved.
In the above embodiment, the application wavelength range of the light energy collection microstructure can be increased by using the inert metal nanoparticle dimer, so that the application scenario of the device is more flexible.
In one embodiment, the ratio of the radius of the nanoparticles in the nanoparticle dimers to the spacing between the nanoparticle dimers is 1.
Specifically, after one of the parameters of the radius of the nanoparticles and the distance between the dimers of the nanoparticles is determined, an arbitrary ratio can be selected within the range of 1. For example, the spacing P between nanoparticle dimers x And P y When all the nanoparticles are 532nm, the radii of the nanoparticles obtained by selecting 1.
In the above embodiment, by defining the ratio of the radius of the nanoparticles in the nanoparticle dimers to the distance between the nanoparticle dimers, the effect of local surface plasmon resonance coupling can be improved, and the light energy collection efficiency can be improved.
In one embodiment, the material of the nanoparticles is silver, the radius of the nanoparticles is 90nm, the distance between two dimers of the nanoparticles is 630nm, the horizontal dislocation is 120nm, and the wavelength of incident light is 500nm-800nm. The incident light propagates along the vertical k direction, with the polarization direction E coinciding with the horizontal direction.
Incident plane light is transmitted along the vertical direction and irradiates the light energy collecting microstructures, and a plurality of resonance modes can be simultaneously excited. Fig. 2 shows the surface plasmon resonance absorption spectrum of this embodiment. Wherein the abscissa is the wavelength and the ordinate is the normalized absorption rate. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the light energy collection microstructure of the present embodiment has three distinct resonance absorption peaks, corresponding to absorption wavelengths of 648nm,665nm and 748nm, respectively.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of positive and negative charges of the nanoparticle dimer in the resonance mode of the present embodiment. It can be seen that absorption peaks at 648nm,665nm and 748nm correspond to a transverse resonance mode, a local resonance mode and a longitudinal resonance mode, respectively. The oscillation condition of the electric dipole of the single nano particle is consistent under the local resonance mode, and the plasmon coupling phenomenon does not occur between the two nano particles. The electric dipole moment direction under the transverse resonance mode is vertical to the polarization direction of incident light, the electric dipole moment direction under the longitudinal resonance mode is consistent with the polarization direction of the incident light, and the two resonance modes are both derived from plasmon coupling between two nano particles.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the spatial phase distribution and the optical energy flow collection of the nanoparticle dimer in the present embodiment in three resonance modes. As can be seen from fig. 4, a significant phase flip phenomenon occurs in the transverse mode and the longitudinal mode, which indicates that the light energy around the nanoparticle is subject to directional modulation. In addition, it can be seen that the light energy flow around the nanoparticles is concentrated in the vicinity of the surface of the metal nanoparticles in a vortex form, and stable light energy continuous circulation can be realized in both forward and reverse directions, so that the surface plasmon light energy loss is small.
In the above embodiment, by selecting a suitable distance between the nanoparticle dimers, and by selecting a material, a radius, and a horizontal direction dislocation of the nanoparticles, three resonance modes of the local surface plasmon laser can be realized, modulation of light energy and continuous circulation of light energy are realized, which is beneficial to reducing light energy loss and improving energy collection efficiency.
In one embodiment, there is provided a photosensitive element, the light energy collecting microstructure of any of the embodiments above.
The photosensitive element is an element for collecting a light signal. The photosensitive element can be a charge coupled element, can also be a complementary metal oxide semiconductor device, and can also comprise other types of devices. The present embodiment does not limit the specific type of the photosensitive element. Specifically, the light energy collecting microstructures can be embedded into the photosensitive element, and the light signal collecting and converting functions can be realized through the coordination of optical and electrical connection and other microstructures. Specific definitions of the light energy collecting microstructures may be found above and will not be described in detail here.
In one embodiment, there is provided an optical device comprising the photosensitive element of any of the above embodiments.
Optical devices include, but are not limited to, nano-lasers, quantum storage computers, optical energy cells, and reduced speed optical waveguide communications, among others. In summary, the present embodiment does not limit the kind of the optical device. For the specific definition of the photosensitive element, reference is made to the above, and the description thereof is omitted.
The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above examples only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A light energy collecting microstructure, comprising:
a nanoparticle dimer array composed of periodically arranged nanoparticle dimers; the arrangement direction of the nano particle dimers is vertical to the propagation direction of incident light; the first nanoparticles and the second nanoparticles in the nanoparticle dimer are distributed in a staggered manner in the propagation direction of the incident light, and the first nanoparticles and the second nanoparticles are distributed in a staggered manner in the polarization direction of the incident light;
under the excitation of the incident light, the first nano particle and the second nano particle are respectively excited to generate a first local surface plasmon resonance and a second local surface plasmon resonance; and the first local surface plasmon resonance and the second local surface plasmon resonance realize the enhancement of surface plasmon resonance through transverse coupling and longitudinal coupling.
2. The light energy collection microstructure of claim 1, wherein the first and second nanoparticles are misaligned in the polarization direction of the incident light by no more than half of the smaller spacing between the nanoparticle dimers.
3. The light energy collecting microstructure of claim 1, wherein the nanoparticle dimers have a spacing between 370nm and 1000nm.
4. The light energy collecting microstructure of claim 1, wherein the first and second nanoparticles are closely distributed in the incident light propagation direction.
5. The light energy collecting microstructure of claim 1, wherein the first and second nanoparticles have a radius of 10nm to 100nm.
6. The light energy collection microstructure of claim 1, wherein the nanoparticle dimers are inert metal nanoparticle dimers.
7. The light energy collection microstructure of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the ratio of the radius of the nanoparticles in the nanoparticle dimers to the spacing between the nanoparticle dimers is 1-1:7.
8. A photosensitive element comprising the light energy collecting microstructure according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. An optical device comprising the photosensitive element according to claim 8.
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| US7772013B2 (en) * | 2006-08-21 | 2010-08-10 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | Enhancement of second-order non-linear optical susceptibilities in organic film materials using non-centrosymmetric nanoparticles |
| EP2504687B1 (en) * | 2009-11-25 | 2017-04-05 | University of Maryland, Baltimore County | System for detecting metal enhanced fluorescence from metallic nanoburger structures |
| EP2694949A1 (en) * | 2011-04-05 | 2014-02-12 | Integrated Plasmonics Corporation | Integrated plasmonic sensing device and apparatus |
| US20140175546A1 (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2014-06-26 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Plasmonically enhanced electro-optic devices and methods of production |
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| JP6661871B2 (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2020-03-11 | 惠子 江刺家 | Method for producing noble metal nanoparticle multimer, method for recovering noble metal nanoparticle isomer, method for controlling absorption spectrum of noble metal nanoparticle isomer, and method for controlling optical characteristics of noble metal nanoparticle isomer |
| JP7349121B2 (en) * | 2018-03-02 | 2023-09-22 | 国立大学法人東京農工大学 | Thermoelectric conversion elements, photodetectors, image elements, and photothermoelectric conversion elements |
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