CN112364537A - System and method for evaluating dynamic characteristics of vertical hydraulic generator counterweight block - Google Patents
System and method for evaluating dynamic characteristics of vertical hydraulic generator counterweight block Download PDFInfo
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- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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Abstract
A vertical hydraulic generator balancing weight power characteristic evaluation system and method comprises a three-dimensional modeling unit, a finite element mechanical analysis unit and a post-processing path mapping unit; the three-dimensional modeling unit is responsible for establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of the balancing weight and the welding line; the finite element mechanical analysis unit is used for importing the established model into finite element analysis software, modeling the balancing weight and the welding line, dividing grids, giving boundary conditions, debugging and calculating; and the post-processing path mapping unit is used for analyzing the whole stress deformation of the balancing weight and the deformation of the welding line and calculating the dangerous section by adopting a path marking method. The invention can find the defects in advance, and has high precision and accurate evaluation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic machinery dynamic balance, in particular to a system and a method for evaluating dynamic characteristics of a vertical hydraulic generator counterweight block.
Background
The hydroelectric generating set belongs to rotary large-scale mechanical equipment and has the characteristics of low rotating speed and large rotational inertia. The unit is because the size is great, and installation and processingquality can't guarantee, appears the eccentric condition of quality and electromagnetism eccentric very easily after getting into the overhaul period, because the radial centrifugal force of rotatory production also transmits the basis through the axle bush for thereby the frame receives periodic effort and causes the vibration and the fatigue damage of different degrees. The guide bearing vibrates excessively, so that the material is easily damaged by fatigue and is not easy to perceive, and the safe and stable operation of the hydroelectric generating set is influenced in serious cases. Therefore, in order to ensure that the machine vibrates in the working rotating speed range and the swing parameter is in a reasonable range, the balancing weight is added to the rotor support to balance the dynamic unbalance component according to the rotor rotating parameter in a specific direction.
At present, a balancing weight is added to a guide bearing support of a vertical hydraulic generator mainly by a method of welding and bolt reinforcement. However, bolt positioning holes need to be formed in the rotor support for bolt reinforcement, but the positions of the positioning holes and the eccentric angles do not necessarily completely coincide, so that the balancing weight can be fixed only by a welding method in most cases. As the adding radius of the balancing weight of the hydroelectric generating set and the rated rotating speed of the hydroelectric generating set are different, once the fixing method of the balancing weight fails, serious accidents of sweeping the chamber are easily caused, and therefore, the dynamic mechanical evaluation of the fixing method of the balancing weight is necessary. The prior fixing method for the balancing weight is mostly experienced, and the method has the following defects: firstly, a dynamic evaluation method for a welding mass block and comprehensive knowledge on the dynamic failure characteristics of the welding mass block are lacked; secondly, because the welding method mostly depends on the experience of workers and lacks of scientific guiding process methods, the early warning and early intervention effect on stress concentration dangerous points and displacement maximum dangerous points cannot be achieved. Thirdly, the comprehensive judgment and evaluation of various rotating speeds and fixing modes cannot be carried out.
Therefore, a comprehensive and reliable evaluation system and method for the dynamic characteristics of the vertical hydraulic generator counterweight block are needed to be found.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a system and a method for evaluating the dynamic characteristics of a vertical hydraulic generator counterweight block, which can find the defects in advance, and have high precision and accurate evaluation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a vertical hydraulic generator balancing weight dynamic characteristic evaluation system comprises a three-dimensional modeling unit of a balancing weight designed for a vertical hydraulic generator, a finite element mechanical analysis unit of the vertical hydraulic generator balancing weight and a post-processing path mapping unit of the vertical hydraulic generator balancing weight;
the three-dimensional modeling unit is used for establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of a vertical hydraulic generator balancing weight and a welding line;
the vertical hydraulic generator counterweight block finite element mechanical analysis unit is used for guiding the established three-dimensional geometric model into finite element analysis software, modeling the vertical hydraulic generator counterweight block and a welding line, dividing grids, giving boundary conditions, debugging and calculating;
the post-processing path mapping unit is used for analyzing the whole stress deformation of the whole balancing weight of the vertical hydraulic generator and the deformation of a welding line and calculating a dangerous section by adopting a path marking method.
A method for evaluating the dynamic characteristics of a vertical hydraulic generator counterweight block comprises the following steps;
1) collecting data of the balancing weight and type statistical information of the unit;
2) constructing a real machine model of the balancing weight and the welding line, giving boundary conditions and material attributes, and applying an inertial load;
3) selecting a mechanical processor for kinetic analysis;
4) the welding seam with the added acting force is picked up independently, and the mechanical response of the welding seam is extracted by using a post-processing module;
5) through two kinds of operating modes of aftertreatment contrast fixing bolt hole and non-fixing bolt hole, displacement characteristics under the different centrifugal force effects of analysis welding seam and balancing weight.
The specific operation process of the step 1) is as follows:
and collecting the geometric size, connection mode, material, generator speed and electrical parameter data of the balancing weight.
The specific operation process of the step 2) is as follows:
21) establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of the tested object according to the shapes of the balancing weight and the welding line by using three-dimensional modeling software;
22) guiding the balancing weight and the welding seam model into finite element analysis software;
23) respectively setting the material density and Young modulus physical parameters of each part;
24) dividing grids of each part according to materials, giving inertial load according to rotating speed,
25) and setting a fixed constraint characteristic surface according to the actual installation section of the balancing weight.
The step 3) comprises the following steps:
31) setting solving parameters;
32) a static dynamics processor is selected to solve.
The step 4) comprises the following steps:
41) judging the larger displacement position and the variation trend of the whole balancing weight by utilizing the post-processing displacement cloud picture;
42) judging dangerous points at positions with larger displacement and stress by utilizing a post-processing cloud picture through picking up the welding seams;
43) dynamic parameters of part of feature points which are easy to deform in a welding seam are mapped into the PATH by constructing a PATH PATH, and actual dynamic features of various fixed working conditions are compared through curves.
The step 5) comprises the following steps:
51) simulating the actual dynamic effect of adding the positioning bolt by adding constraint in the bolt positioning hole;
52) the actual dynamic effect of the welding part of the balancing weight under the action of simulating different rotating speeds by adding different inertial loads.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the dynamics evaluation method can perform mechanics analysis before the generator is started according to the mode of adding the balancing weight, can find defects before commissioning, intervenes dangerous points as soon as possible, avoids dangers caused by dynamic characteristic parameter changes, and avoids shutdown accidents caused by fixed failure.
2. The method adopts a method combining three-dimensional modeling, finite element analysis and modal analysis to analyze the mechanical characteristics of the balancing weight, the analysis result can obtain a direct reaction in a displacement and stress cloud picture, in addition, the characteristic change of an enclosed PATH can accurately pass through a curve reaction by means of the PATH function, the analysis result is comprehensive and scientific, and a basis can be provided for the dynamic analysis of the addition of the balancing weight and the optimization design of the structural dynamic characteristics.
3. The evaluation system method described in the present invention is not limited to a fixed manner. The bolt can be applied to the fixing forms of various bolts, the effect of multiple rotating speeds and the installation sizes of multiple radiuses. The method for adding the load is clear and high in accuracy. The evaluation result can accurately reflect the dynamic state of the balancing weight, and a reliable basis is provided for the smooth realization of the dynamic balance test of the unit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional model of a counterweight and a weld.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a counterweight and a weld joint added load.
FIG. 4 is a displacement cloud of a counterweight.
FIG. 5 is a displacement cloud of a weld.
FIG. 6 is a graph of path displacement of a weld.
FIG. 7 is a displacement cloud of a bolted counterweight.
FIG. 8 is a graph of weld path displacement for a bolted counterweight.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention relates to a vertical hydraulic generator balancing weight power characteristic evaluation system and method, which consists of a three-dimensional modeling unit, a finite element analysis unit and a post-processing unit. The three-dimensional modeling unit is responsible for establishing a geometric model of the balancing weight and the welding line; finite element analysis software is introduced on the basis of the model, and modeling, grid division, boundary condition setting, debugging and calculation are carried out on the tested product. The weld is mapped into a PATH in the post-processing module with a PATH, and the response of the stress concentration is plotted.
Referring to fig. 1, in combination with an example, the method for evaluating dynamic characteristics of a counterweight according to the present invention includes the following steps, and the parameters of the practical example are shown in table 1.
1) Collecting the data of the counterweight block and the statistical information of the type of the machine set,
2) building a model of a balancing weight and a welding line, giving boundary conditions and material properties, applying an inertial load,
3) a mechanical processor is selected to carry out kinetic analysis,
4) by separately picking up the welding seam after the acting force is added, the post-processing module is utilized to extract the mechanical response of the welding seam,
5) through two kinds of operating modes of aftertreatment contrast fixing bolt hole and non-fixing bolt hole, displacement characteristics under the different centrifugal force effects of analysis welding seam and balancing weight.
The specific operation process of the step 1) is as follows:
and establishing a cuboid counterweight block model with the model size of 263 multiplied by 120 multiplied by 40mm and a circle of 5mm 45-degree triangular welding seam close to the bottom. The main parameters of the counterweight and the weld are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Main parameters table
The specific operation process of the step 2) is as follows:
21) establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of the tested object according to the shapes of the balancing weight and the welding line by using three-dimensional modeling software;
22) guiding the balancing weight and the welding seam model into finite element analysis software;
23) selecting the density of each part to be 7800kg/m3Selecting the elastic modulus of 2X 1011Pa, Poisson's ratio of 0.3 and other physical parameters;
24) dividing grids of each part according to materials, giving inertial load according to the rotating speed of 300r/min and the position of the adding radius of 1m,
25) setting a fixed constraint characteristic surface according to the actual adding section of the balancing weight;
the three-dimensional model diagram of the established model counterweight block and the welding seam is shown in figure 2, and the model diagram after the load is applied is shown in figure 3.
Step 3) also comprises the following steps:
31) setting solving parameters;
32) selecting a static dynamics processor for solving;
the step 4) also comprises the following steps:
41) judging the larger displacement position and the variation trend of the whole balancing weight by utilizing the post-processing displacement cloud picture;
42) judging dangerous points at positions with larger displacement and stress by utilizing a post-processing cloud picture through picking up the welding seams;
43) mapping dynamic parameters of part of feature points which are easy to deform in a welding seam into a PATH by constructing a PATH PATH, and comparing actual dynamic features of various fixed working conditions through curves;
the displacement response cloud map of the balancing weight without the positioning bolt is shown in fig. 4, the displacement response cloud map of the welding line is shown in fig. 5, and the displacement response curve of the dangerous path is shown in fig. 6.
The specific operation process of the step 5) is as follows:
51) selecting the cylindrical surface of the bolt positioning hole, adding a fully constrained boundary condition, simulating the actual dynamic effect of adding the positioning bolt,
52) the actual dynamic effect of the welding part of the balancing weight under the action of simulating different rotating speeds by adding different inertial loads.
The displacement response cloud map of the counterweight added with the positioning bolt is shown in fig. 7, and the displacement response curve of the dangerous path is shown in fig. 8.
As shown in fig. 1: firstly, importing a model of a balancing weight and a welding line established in a three-dimensional unit into finite element software, and simulating the actual condition without adding a positioning bolt according to the actual arrangement characteristics to select a stationary surface and a constraint surface; further, the inertia force adding effect of the balancing weight on the rotating equipment is simulated by adding the load, and a mechanics solver is selected reasonably to solve; and further, finding a dangerous point with the maximum displacement by using a displacement cloud picture and a stress cloud picture in the post-processing module, finding that stress concentration is easy to generate at a welding seam, adding a test PATH, mapping the characteristic information into the PATH, and observing the actual condition of a dangerous section through a PATH curve.
Before the counter weight is installed, the dynamic characteristics of the counter weight are analyzed according to the method shown, and after analysis: the main dynamic characteristics of the positioning bolt are as follows: the centrifugal end of the balancing weight is the maximum displacement position and drives the welding line to generate displacement, and the dangerous failure point is located in the middle of the welding line. The maximum displacement value of the balancing weight is 0.171 multiplied by 10-7m, maximum displacement value of welding seam is 0.624 multiplied by 10-7And m is selected. The main dynamic characteristics of adding the positioning bolt are as follows: the two sides of the balancing weight are the maximum displacement positions and drive the welding seam to generate positionsAnd the dangerous failure point is positioned in the middle of the welding seam. The maximum displacement value of the balancing weight is 0.479 multiplied by 10-8m, maximum displacement value of welding seam is 1.63 multiplied by 10-9And m is selected. Under the working condition that the positioning bolt is added, the maximum displacement of the balancing weight is reduced by 60%, and the maximum displacement of the welding line is reduced by 90%, according to the conclusion, the positioning bolt is added to the balancing weight, so that the displacement of the welding line can be greatly reduced, and the possibility of stress concentration is further reduced.
The three-dimensional geometric model is the same as "modeling" in the finite element mechanical analysis unit. And (4) dividing the grid by utilizing a Meshing module in the preprocessing module, selecting Volumes from Element attributes in MeshTool, controlling Smart Size to be 4, and selecting a tetrahedral grid for grid division. Because the unit is a vertical water turbine generator set, the balancing weight is fixed in the Z direction, and boundary conditions of fixed freedom degrees in three directions are applied to the bottom. And calculating by adopting a Current LS calculating module in Solution. In the post-treatment, an ELEMENT is used for selecting a balancing weight or a welding line, and a General Postproc module is used for observing a displacement deformation cloud picture to find the position of the maximum displacement change value. And adding an observation PATH at the welding line in the middle of the balancing weight by using a PATH command in a General Postproc module, mapping the displacement to the PATH, and observing the maximum deformation position of the displacement through a curve.
The method can be simulated after a counterweight scheme is formulated, defects are found before starting, the defects are eliminated as soon as possible, and unnecessary shutdown accidents are avoided; the dynamic characteristic analysis is carried out by adopting a method combining three-dimensional modeling and finite element analysis, the analyzed parameters comprise the maximum displacement deformation position and numerical value of each balancing weight and the maximum welding line displacement position and numerical value, the analysis result is comprehensive and scientific, and a basis can be provided for dynamic balance vibration fault diagnosis and balancing weight dynamic characteristics and optimization of a balancing weight adding mode; the evaluation system provided by the invention evaluates by adopting a dynamic analysis condition and calculates by combining with whether the positioning bolt is added or not, so that the accuracy is high, the evaluation result can accurately reflect the dynamic operation state, and an accurate basis is provided for stable operation and state maintenance of the unit. The scheme of adding the balancing weight to various types of vertical hydraulic generators can be optimized, and the method can also be popularized to the dynamic characteristic evaluation of various vertical rotating mechanical balancing weights.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and all simple modifications, changes and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 3: and (4) leading the balancing weight and the welding seam model into finite element analysis software. And respectively setting physical parameters such as material density, Young modulus, elastic modulus and the like of each part. And dividing grids of each part according to materials, giving an inertial load according to the rotating speed of 300r/min and the position of the adding radius of 1m, and setting a fixed constraint characteristic surface according to the actual adding section of the balancing weight.
As shown in fig. 4: judging by utilizing a post-processing displacement cloud picture, finding that the maximum displacement of the whole balancing weight is mainly concentrated on the outer side along the radius direction from the bolt hole at the maximum displacement position of the whole balancing weight without adding a positioning bolt and the variation trend, wherein the maximum displacement value is 0.171 multiplied by 10-7m。
As shown in fig. 5: through picking up the welding seam, the post-processing cloud picture is utilized to judge the dangerous point at the position with larger displacement of the welding seam of the balancing weight without adding the positioning bolt, the maximum displacement position of the whole welding seam is found to be the central line of the welding seam, and the maximum displacement value is 0.624 multiplied by 10-7m。
As shown in fig. 6: dynamic parameters of part of feature points which are easy to deform in a welding seam are mapped into the PATH by constructing a PATH PATH, and actual dynamic features of two fixed working conditions are compared through a curve.
As shown in fig. 7: judging by post-processing displacement cloud picture, finding the maximum displacement of the whole balancing weight mainly concentrated on two sides of the balancing weight from the position with larger displacement and variation trend of the balancing weight with positioning bolt, wherein the maximum displacement value is 0.479 multiplied by 10-8m。
As shown in fig. 8: through picking up the welding seam, the post-processing cloud picture is utilized to judge the dangerous point at the position with larger displacement of the welding seam of the counterweight block added with the positioning bolt, and the maximum displacement of the whole welding seam is found to be the center of the welding seamLine, maximum displacement value 1.63 × 10-9m。
Claims (7)
1. A vertical hydraulic generator balancing weight dynamic characteristic evaluation system is characterized by comprising a three-dimensional modeling unit of a balancing weight designed for a vertical hydraulic generator, a finite element mechanical analysis unit of the vertical hydraulic generator balancing weight and a post-processing path mapping unit of the vertical hydraulic generator balancing weight;
the three-dimensional modeling unit is responsible for establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of a vertical hydraulic generator counterweight block and a welding line;
the vertical hydraulic generator counterweight block finite element mechanical analysis unit is used for guiding the established model into finite element analysis software, modeling the vertical hydraulic generator counterweight block and a welding line, dividing grids, giving boundary conditions, debugging and calculating;
the post-processing path mapping unit is used for analyzing the whole stress deformation of the whole balancing weight of the vertical hydraulic generator and the deformation of a welding line and calculating a dangerous section by adopting a path marking method.
2. The method for evaluating the dynamic characteristics of the vertical hydraulic generator counterweight block according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps;
1) collecting data of the balancing weight and type statistical information of the unit;
2) constructing a real machine model of the balancing weight and the welding line, giving boundary conditions and material attributes, and applying an inertial load;
3) selecting a mechanical processor for kinetic analysis;
4) the welding seam with the added acting force is picked up independently, and the mechanical response of the welding seam is extracted by using a post-processing module;
5) through two kinds of operating modes of aftertreatment contrast fixing bolt hole and non-fixing bolt hole, displacement characteristics under the different centrifugal force effects of analysis welding seam and balancing weight.
3. The method for evaluating the dynamic characteristics of the vertical hydraulic generator counterweight block according to claim 2, wherein the specific operation process of the step 1) comprises the following steps:
and collecting the geometric size, connection mode, material, generator speed and electrical parameter data of the balancing weight.
4. The method for evaluating the dynamic characteristics of the vertical hydraulic generator counterweight block according to claim 2, wherein the specific operation process of the step 2) comprises the following steps:
21) establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of the tested object according to the shapes of the balancing weight and the welding line by using three-dimensional modeling software;
22) guiding the balancing weight and the welding seam model into finite element analysis software;
23) respectively setting the material density and Young modulus physical parameters of each part;
24) dividing grids of each part according to materials, giving inertial load according to rotating speed,
25) and setting a fixed constraint characteristic surface according to the actual installation section of the balancing weight.
5. The method for evaluating the dynamic characteristics of the vertical hydraulic generator counterweight block according to claim 2, wherein the step 3) comprises the following steps:
31) setting solving parameters;
32) a static dynamics processor is selected to solve.
6. The method for evaluating the dynamic characteristics of the vertical hydraulic generator counterweight block according to claim 2, wherein the step 4) comprises the following steps:
41) judging the larger displacement position and the variation trend of the whole balancing weight by utilizing the post-processing displacement cloud picture;
42) judging dangerous points at positions with larger displacement and stress by utilizing a post-processing cloud picture through picking up the welding seams;
43) dynamic parameters of part of feature points which are easy to deform in a welding seam are mapped into the PATH by constructing a PATH PATH, and actual dynamic features of various fixed working conditions are compared through curves.
7. The method for evaluating the dynamic characteristics of the vertical hydraulic generator counterweight block according to claim 2, wherein the step 5) comprises the following steps:
51) simulating the actual dynamic effect of adding the positioning bolt by adding constraint in the bolt positioning hole;
52) the actual dynamic effect of the welding part of the balancing weight under the action of simulating different rotating speeds by adding different inertial loads.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113172412A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2021-07-27 | 哈尔滨电机厂有限责任公司 | Mounting method of dynamic balance weight block of hydraulic generator |
| CN113192070A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-07-30 | 深圳市超准视觉科技有限公司 | Weld image processing method and system based on computer vision |
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2020
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| CN113172412A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2021-07-27 | 哈尔滨电机厂有限责任公司 | Mounting method of dynamic balance weight block of hydraulic generator |
| CN113192070A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-07-30 | 深圳市超准视觉科技有限公司 | Weld image processing method and system based on computer vision |
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