CN111504587A - Vertical hydraulic generator guide bearing support vibration characteristic evaluation system and method - Google Patents
Vertical hydraulic generator guide bearing support vibration characteristic evaluation system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for evaluating vibration characteristics of a guide bearing bracket of a vertical hydraulic generator, which comprises the steps of firstly, establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of the guide bearing bracket by utilizing three-dimensional modeling software; finite element analysis software is introduced on the basis of the model, modeling is carried out on a tested product, grids are divided, boundary conditions are given, and debugging and calculation are carried out; measuring the static natural frequency of the guide bearing support by using a modal analyzer, and obtaining the real machine static actual measurement vibration mode, the stiffness coefficient and the damping ratio through a field test; according to the static measured data, optimizing the parameters of a real machine model, calculating and analyzing the characteristics and the vibration rule of the guide bearing support under each parameter, and extracting the modal frequency and the vibration mode of each order to obtain the vibration characteristics of the tested product; and finally, evaluating the vibration characteristics of the tested product by combining the monitored vibration data. The invention can find the defects in advance, and has the advantages of comprehensive test content, high precision and accurate evaluation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic machinery fault diagnosis, in particular to a system and a method for evaluating vibration characteristics of a guide bearing support of a vertical hydraulic generator.
Background
The hydroelectric generating set belongs to rotary large-scale mechanical equipment and has the characteristics of low rotating speed and large rotational inertia. The weight of the whole machine and the weight of the axial water thrust can be transmitted to the foundation through the thrust bearing support, and meanwhile, the radial centrifugal force generated by rotation is also transmitted to the guide bearing frame through the bearing bush, so that the frame is subjected to periodic acting force to cause vibration and fatigue damage in different degrees. The guide bearing vibrates excessively, so that the material is easily damaged by fatigue and is not easy to perceive, and the safe and stable operation of the hydroelectric generating set is influenced in serious cases. Therefore, in order to ensure that the machine does not resonate within the operating speed range and to avoid as much as possible the serious damage to the rotor caused by the resonance of the rotor after being excited by a certain excitation, it is necessary to fully understand the vibration characteristics of the guide bearing support of the hydro-generator.
At present, the vibration characteristics of the guide bearing support of the vertical hydraulic generator are mainly known through real-time vibration monitoring. Namely, a plurality of vibration measuring points are arranged on the bearing support, data of the points are remotely monitored, and analysis is carried out through an axis track, a time domain curve, a frequency spectrogram and the like. This method has several disadvantages: firstly, the number of measuring points is small, only data in the X direction or the Y direction can be monitored, and the comprehensive understanding of the vibration characteristic is lacked; secondly, the mode belongs to post analysis, once the running unit finds that the guide bearing support generates resonance, the unit needs to be stopped for processing, and the functions of early finding and early prevention cannot be achieved. Thirdly, the natural vibration principle of the generator support cannot be deeply analyzed.
Therefore, a comprehensive and reliable system and method for evaluating the vibration characteristics of the guide bearing support of the vertical hydraulic generator needs to be found.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a system and a method for evaluating the vibration characteristics of a guide bearing support of a vertical hydraulic generator, which can find the defects in advance, have comprehensive test contents and high precision and can accurately evaluate the defects.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a vibration characteristic evaluation system for a guide bearing support of a vertical hydraulic generator comprises three-dimensional modeling software, finite element analysis software, a modal test analysis unit and a vibration monitoring unit, wherein the three-dimensional modeling software is responsible for establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of the guide bearing support; finite element analysis software is introduced on the basis of the model, and the model 1 is modeled, the grid is divided, boundary conditions are given, and debugging and calculation are carried out.
The modal test analysis unit comprises a tested object 1, a tested object support arm 2, an acceleration sensor 3, an exciting force hammer 4, a CRAS vibration and dynamic signal acquisition analyzer 5, a computer 6 containing modal analysis software and a data transmission line 7;
the 1 level of testee place naturally, be provided with testee support arm 2 on the testee 1, evenly arranged acceleration sensor 3 on the testee support arm 2, acceleration sensor 3 passes through the input of data transmission line 7 connection mode analysis appearance 5, the input at computer 6 is connected to the output of mode analysis appearance 5, the testee 1 strikes through power hammer 4, be provided with force sensor on the power hammer 4, force sensor passes through the input of data line 7 connection mode analysis appearance 5.
Vibration monitoring unit be used for leading bearing bracket's dynamic vibration monitoring and record ripples, vibration monitoring unit includes: the test probe is arranged on a measuring point of the guide bearing support, an electric signal about the vibration condition of the measuring point measured by the test probe is transmitted to the computer through the data line, and is stored in the storage device after being analyzed by the monitoring software.
A method for evaluating vibration characteristics of a guide bearing bracket of a vertical hydraulic generator comprises the following steps;
1) the data of each machine set is collected,
2) constructing a real machine model of the guide bearing support system, carrying out modal analysis and prejudgment,
3) the test obtains the real machine actually measured vibration mode, rigidity coefficient and damping ratio,
4) optimizing a real machine model according to the measured data, extracting modal frequency and mode of each order,
5) monitoring and recording vibration data of the guide bearing support in different states,
6) and comprehensively evaluating the vibration characteristics of the guide bearing support of the hydraulic generator by combining the monitored vibration data of the guide bearing support.
The specific operation process of the step 1) is as follows:
and collecting the geometric dimension, connection mode, material, generator rotating speed and electrical parameter data of the guide bearing support.
The specific operation process of the step 2) is as follows:
21) establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of the tested object according to the appearance of the guide bearing support by using three-dimensional modeling software;
22) finite element analysis software is introduced into the three-dimensional model;
23) modeling according to real machine parameters, and respectively setting physical parameters of material density and Young modulus of each part;
24) dividing grids of each part by the guide bearing support model according to materials, and giving gravity acceleration;
25) establishing a local coordinate system at the section of the guide bearing, establishing a circular bracket body at the rotating center, establishing bracket arms along a plurality of characteristic directions uniformly distributed on the periphery, selecting unit bodies according to the types of the brackets during modeling, and adding rigid immobile characteristics to bearing bases and bearing holes at the tail ends of the racks;
26) and selecting a group of parameters according to the experience of the same type of unit to perform modal analysis and prejudgment, and selecting the excitation response point of the type.
The step 3) further comprises the following steps:
31) the tested object 1 is placed horizontally and naturally, the auxiliary tool is used for evenly and equally dividing the tested object support arm 2 and marking the position of the acceleration sensor 3;
32) the acceleration sensors 3 are uniformly arranged on the support arm 2, the acceleration sensors 3 are connected with the input end of a modal analyzer 5 through a data transmission line 7, the output end of the modal analyzer 5 is connected with the input end of a computer 6, a force sensor is arranged on a force hammer 4 for knocking a tested object, and the force sensor is connected with the input end of the modal analyzer 5 through the data line 7;
33) after the acceleration sensors 3 are arranged in place, the exciting force hammer 4 is used for knocking one position or a plurality of positions of the support arm 2, each acceleration sensor converts knocking signals of the force hammer 4 into electric signals and sends the electric signals to the modal analyzer 5;
34) the modal analyzer 5 amplifies and filters the electric signal, extracts the corresponding mode and then sends the electric signal to the computer 6;
35) and modal analysis software in the computer analyzes system modal parameters which are finally identified and have specific natural frequency, damping ratio and modal shape of each mode according to the signals.
The step 4) further comprises the following steps:
41) optimizing real machine model parameters according to static measured data processing;
42) and calculating and analyzing the characteristics and the vibration rule of the guide bearing support under each parameter, and extracting the modal frequency and the vibration mode of each order to obtain the vibration characteristics of the guide bearing support.
The step 5) further comprises the following steps:
51) monitoring and recording the vibration condition of the guide bearing bracket in the acceleration process of the hydraulic generator,
52) and monitoring and recording the vibration condition of the guide bearing support under different load states of the hydraulic generator.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the detection method disclosed by the invention is used for testing before the installation of the generator guide bearing, so that defects can be found before the generator guide bearing is put into operation, the defects can be eliminated as soon as possible, the resonance phenomena of draft tube vortex strips, guide vane karman vortex, main shaft sealing self-excited vibration, rotating speed frequency doubling vibration and the like are avoided, and the shutdown accident is avoided.
The method adopts a method combining three-dimensional modeling, finite element analysis and modal analysis to analyze the vibration characteristics of the guide bearing support, the analyzed parameters comprise specific natural frequency, damping ratio and modal shape of each mode and finally identified system modal parameters, the analysis result is comprehensive and scientific, and the method can provide a basis for the vibration characteristic analysis, the vibration fault diagnosis and prediction and the optimal design of the structural dynamic characteristics of the support system.
3, the evaluation system evaluates the vibration condition of the guide bearing bracket by combining the modal analysis result and the operation vibration data, verifies the vibration condition mutually and has high accuracy. The evaluation result can accurately reflect the state of the guide bearing support, and an accurate basis is provided for stable operation and state maintenance of the unit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional model diagram of a guide bearing bracket of the vertical hydraulic generator.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a test mode test.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the arrangement of acceleration measuring points of a guide bearing support of the vertical hydraulic generator.
Figure 5-vertical hydro-generator guide bearing support first order mode of oscillation.
Fig. 6-vertical hydro-generator guide bearing support second order mode of vibration.
Wherein, in fig. 3: the device comprises a sample 1, a sample support arm 2, an acceleration sensor 3, an exciting force hammer 4, a CRAS vibration and dynamic signal acquisition analyzer 5, a computer including modal analysis software 6 and a data transmission line 7.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention relates to a vibration characteristic evaluation system of a guide bearing support of a vertical hydraulic generator, which consists of three-dimensional modeling software, finite element analysis software, a modal test analysis unit, a vibration monitoring unit and the guide bearing support (a tested article). The three-dimensional modeling software is responsible for establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of the guide bearing support; finite element analysis software is introduced on the basis of the model, and modeling, grid division, boundary condition setting, debugging and calculation are carried out on the tested product.
Referring to fig. 3, the modal test analysis unit includes a sample 1, a sample support arm 2, an acceleration sensor 3, an excitation hammer 4, a CRAS vibration and dynamic signal acquisition analyzer 5, a computer 6 including modal analysis software, and a data transmission line 7.
Vibration monitoring unit is used for leading bearing bracket's dynamic vibration monitoring and record ripples, includes: vibration probe, data line, computer, monitoring software and storage equipment.
Referring to fig. 1, in combination with an example, the vibration characteristic evaluation of the guide bearing bracket of the vertical hydraulic generator according to the present invention includes the following steps:
1) the data is collected and then transmitted to the data acquisition device,
2) constructing a real machine model of the guide bearing support system, carrying out modal analysis and prejudgment,
3) the test obtains the real machine actually measured vibration mode, rigidity coefficient and damping ratio,
4) optimizing a real machine model according to the measured data, extracting modal frequency and mode of each order,
5) monitoring and recording vibration data of the guide bearing support in different states,
6) and evaluating the vibration characteristics of the guide bearing support of the hydraulic generator by combining the monitored vibration data of the guide bearing support.
The specific operation process of the step 1) is as follows:
and collecting the data of the geometric dimension, the connection mode, the material, the rotating speed of the generator, the electrical parameters and the like of the guide bearing bracket. The equipment is a 6-arm guide bearing support, and the main parameters are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 main parameters table of equipment
The specific operation process of the step 2) is as follows:
21) establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of the tested object according to the appearance of the guide bearing bracket by using three-dimensional modeling software,
22) finite element analysis software is introduced into the three-dimensional model,
23) modeling according to the parameters of a real machine, respectively setting physical parameters such as the material density, the Young modulus and the like of each part,
24) the guide bearing support model divides grids of each part according to materials, gives gravity acceleration,
25) a local coordinate system is established at the section of the guide bearing, a circular support body is established at the rotation center, and support arms are established along six characteristic directions which are uniformly distributed around. Model building and selecting No. 187 unit bodies, and adding rigid immobile characteristics to bearing bases and bearing holes at the tail end of the rack;
26) selecting a group of parameters according to the experience of the same type of unit to perform modal analysis and prejudgment, and selecting an excitation response point of the type;
the built model is shown in a three-dimensional model diagram of a guide bearing bracket of the vertical hydraulic generator in figure 2.
The specific operation process of the step 3) is as follows:
31) the tested object is placed horizontally and naturally, the auxiliary tool is used for evenly and equally dividing the supporting arm of the tested object and marking the position of the acceleration sensor,
32) acceleration sensors are uniformly arranged on the support arm, the acceleration sensors are connected with the input end of a modal analyzer through data transmission lines, the output end of the modal analyzer is connected with the input end of a computer, a force sensor is arranged on a force hammer for knocking a tested object, the force sensor is connected with the input end of the modal analyzer through a data line,
33) after the acceleration sensors are arranged in place, the exciting force hammer is used for knocking one position or a plurality of positions of the support arm, each acceleration sensor converts a knocking signal of the force hammer into an electric signal and sends the electric signal to the modal analyzer,
34) the modal analyzer amplifies and filters the electric signal, extracts the corresponding mode and sends the electric signal to a computer,
35) modal analysis software in the computer analyzes system modal parameters which are finally identified and have specific natural frequency, damping ratio and modal shape of each mode according to the signals;
the arrangement of the acceleration measuring points is as shown in the schematic diagram of the arrangement of the acceleration measuring points of the guide bearing bracket of the vertical hydraulic generator in figure 4.
The specific operation process of the step 4) is as follows:
41) optimizing the parameters of the real machine model according to the static measured data processing,
42) calculating and analyzing the characteristics and the vibration rule of the guide bearing support under each parameter, and extracting modal frequency and vibration mode of each order to obtain the vibration characteristics of the guide bearing support;
typical spectrums of the vibration characteristics of the guide bearing support of the unit are shown as a first-order vibration mode of the guide bearing support of the vertical hydraulic generator in figure 5 and a second-order vibration mode of the guide bearing support of the vertical hydraulic generator in figure 6.
The specific operation process of the step 5) is as follows:
51) monitoring and recording the vibration condition of the guide bearing bracket in the acceleration process of the hydraulic generator,
52) monitoring and recording the vibration condition of the guide bearing support in different load states of the hydraulic generator;
as shown in fig. 1: the method comprises the steps of firstly, utilizing finite element software to combine with three-dimensional modeling software to construct a real machine model of a guide bearing support system, selecting a group of parameters to carry out modal analysis and prejudgment according to the experience of the same type of machine set, and selecting an excitation response point of the machine type; further, measuring the static natural frequency of the guide bearing support by using a modal analysis instrument; according to the difference of different guide bearing support arrangement forms and field construction conditions, the positions of appropriate excitation points and response points are reasonably selected, and the real machine static actual measurement vibration mode, the stiffness coefficient and the damping ratio are obtained through field tests; further, according to static actual measurement data processing, real machine model parameters are optimized, the characteristics and the vibration rule of the guide bearing support under each parameter are calculated and analyzed, modal frequency and vibration mode of each order are extracted, and the vibration characteristics of the guide bearing support are obtained; and finally, evaluating the vibration characteristics of the guide bearing support of the hydraulic generator by combining the monitored vibration data of the hydraulic turbine.
Before the guide bearing support is installed, the vibration condition of the guide bearing support is analyzed according to the method shown, and after analysis: the main vibration characteristics of the first order mode are: the support central body has the play of Z direction to drive the support arm to produce the displacement volume of equidirectional, the displacement maximum point appears in support central body department. The main vibration characteristic of the second-order vibration mode is that the axis of the generator is taken as a rotation center, the central body is twisted in an X \ Y plane and drives the support arms to generate displacement, and the maximum displacement point appears at the joint of each support arm and the central body. According to the conclusion, the guide bearing support is reinforced and weighted in advance, and the defects are eliminated in advance. During the speed-up process and the load operation process of the generator, the vibration data of the guide bearing support is observed and recorded, and the support vibration condition is good.
The detection method disclosed by the invention is used for testing before the installation of the generator guide bearing, so that defects can be found before the operation, the defects can be eliminated as soon as possible, and the shutdown accident is avoided; the method adopts a method combining three-dimensional modeling, finite element analysis and modal analysis to analyze the vibration characteristics of the guide bearing support, the analyzed parameters comprise specific natural frequency, damping ratio and modal vibration type of each mode and finally identified system modal parameters, the analysis result is comprehensive and scientific, and a basis can be provided for the vibration characteristic analysis, vibration fault diagnosis and prediction of the support system and the optimal design of the structure dynamic characteristics; the evaluation system provided by the invention evaluates the vibration condition of the guide bearing bracket by adopting a method of combining the modal analysis result and the operation vibration data, and mutually verifies the vibration condition, so that the accuracy is high. The evaluation result can accurately reflect the state of the guide bearing support, and an accurate basis is provided for stable operation and state maintenance of the unit. The method can be popularized to the evaluation of various types of vertical hydraulic generator guide bearing supports and also can be popularized to the evaluation of various vertical rotating machinery guide bearing supports.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and all simple modifications, changes and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A vertical hydraulic generator guide bearing support vibration characteristic evaluation system is characterized by comprising three-dimensional modeling software, finite element analysis software, a modal test analysis unit, a vibration monitoring unit and a guide bearing support, wherein the three-dimensional modeling software is responsible for establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of the guide bearing support; finite element analysis software is introduced on the basis of the model, and the model 1 is modeled, the grid is divided, boundary conditions are given, and debugging and calculation are carried out.
2. The system for evaluating the vibration characteristics of the guide bearing support of the vertical hydraulic generator according to claim 1, wherein the modal test analysis unit comprises a tested object (1), a tested object support arm (2), an acceleration sensor (3), an excitation force hammer (4), a CRAS vibration and dynamic signal acquisition analyzer (5), a computer (6) containing modal analysis software, and a data transmission line (7);
the horizontal nature of testee (1) place, be provided with testee support arm (2) on testee (1), evenly arranged acceleration sensor (3) on testee support arm (2), the input of modal analysis appearance (5) is connected through data transmission line (7) in acceleration sensor (3), the input in computer (6) is connected to the output of modal analysis appearance (5), testee 1 strikes through power hammer (4), be provided with force sensor on power hammer (4), force sensor passes through data line (7) and connects the input of modal analysis appearance (5).
3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the vibration monitoring unit is used for dynamic vibration monitoring and wave recording of the guide bearing support, and the vibration monitoring unit comprises: the test probe is arranged on a measuring point of the guide bearing support, an electric signal about the vibration condition of the measuring point measured by the test probe is transmitted to the computer through the data line, and is stored in the storage device after being analyzed by the monitoring software.
4. The method for evaluating the vibration characteristics of the guide bearing bracket of the vertical hydraulic generator according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps;
1) the data of each machine set is collected,
2) constructing a real machine model of the guide bearing support system, carrying out modal analysis and prejudgment,
3) the test obtains the real machine actually measured vibration mode, rigidity coefficient and damping ratio,
4) optimizing a real machine model according to the measured data, extracting modal frequency and mode of each order,
5) monitoring and recording vibration data of the guide bearing support in different states,
6) and comprehensively evaluating the vibration characteristics of the guide bearing support of the hydraulic generator by combining the monitored vibration data of the guide bearing support.
5. The method for evaluating the vibration characteristics of the guide bearing bracket of the vertical hydraulic generator according to claim 4, wherein the specific operation process of the step 1) comprises the following steps:
and collecting the data of the geometric dimension, the connection mode, the material, the rotating speed of the generator, the electrical parameters and the like of the guide bearing bracket.
6. The method for evaluating the vibration characteristics of the guide bearing bracket of the vertical hydraulic generator according to claim 4, wherein the specific operation process of the step 2) comprises the following steps:
21) establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of the tested object according to the appearance of the guide bearing support by using three-dimensional modeling software;
22) finite element analysis software is introduced into the three-dimensional model;
23) modeling according to real machine parameters, and respectively setting physical parameters such as material density, Young modulus and the like of each part;
24) dividing grids of each part by the guide bearing support model according to materials, and giving gravity acceleration;
25) selecting unit bodies according to the type of the support during modeling, and adding rigid immobile characteristics to the bearing pedestal and the bearing hole at the tail end of the rack;
26) and selecting a group of parameters according to the experience of the same type of unit to perform modal analysis and prejudgment, and selecting the excitation response point of the type.
7. The method according to claim 4, wherein said step 3) further comprises the steps of:
31) the tested object 1 is placed horizontally and naturally, the auxiliary tool is used for evenly and equally dividing the tested object support arm 2 and marking the position of the acceleration sensor 3;
32) the acceleration sensors 3 are uniformly arranged on the support arm 2, the acceleration sensors 3 are connected with the input end of a modal analyzer 5 through a data transmission line 7, the output end of the modal analyzer 5 is connected with the input end of a computer 6, a force sensor is arranged on a force hammer 4 for knocking a tested object, and the force sensor is connected with the input end of the modal analyzer 5 through the data line 7;
33) after the acceleration sensors 3 are arranged in place, the exciting force hammer 4 is used for knocking one position or a plurality of positions of the support arm 2, each acceleration sensor converts knocking signals of the force hammer 4 into electric signals and sends the electric signals to the modal analyzer 5;
34) the modal analyzer 5 amplifies and filters the electric signal, extracts the corresponding mode and then sends the electric signal to the computer 6;
35) and modal analysis software in the computer analyzes system modal parameters which are finally identified and have specific natural frequency, damping ratio and modal shape of each mode according to the signals.
8. The method for evaluating the vibration characteristics of the guide bearing bracket of the vertical hydraulic generator according to claim 4, wherein the step 4) further comprises the following steps:
41) optimizing real machine model parameters according to static measured data processing;
42) and calculating and analyzing the characteristics and the vibration rule of the guide bearing support under each parameter, and extracting the modal frequency and the vibration mode of each order to obtain the vibration characteristics of the guide bearing support.
9. The method according to claim 4, wherein said step 5) further comprises the steps of:
51) monitoring and recording the vibration condition of the guide bearing support in the acceleration process of the hydraulic generator, and 52) monitoring and recording the vibration condition of the guide bearing support in different load states of the hydraulic generator.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112182777A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-01-05 | 中国运载火箭技术研究院 | Method, system, terminal and medium for analyzing dynamic characteristics of instrument support |
| CN112347674A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-02-09 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | System and method for evaluating dynamic characteristics of partitioned fixed balancing weights in narrow space |
| CN112364537A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-02-12 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | System and method for evaluating dynamic characteristics of vertical hydraulic generator counterweight block |
| CN112417620A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-02-26 | 西安长庆科技工程有限责任公司 | Vibration simulation analysis method for skid-mounted plunger pump integrated device |
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| CN113670547A (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-11-19 | 国网上海市电力公司 | Vibration test and vibration resistance performance test method for superconducting cable |
| CN113847981A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-12-28 | 国家电网有限公司 | Mechanical characteristic-based hydroelectric generating set protective vibration monitoring method |
| CN113847981B (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2024-05-24 | 国家电网有限公司 | Hydroelectric generating set protective vibration monitoring method based on mechanical characteristics |
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