CN114838872A - Method for monitoring dynamic balance of hypergravity centrifuge for long time - Google Patents
Method for monitoring dynamic balance of hypergravity centrifuge for long time Download PDFInfo
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- CN114838872A CN114838872A CN202210507652.9A CN202210507652A CN114838872A CN 114838872 A CN114838872 A CN 114838872A CN 202210507652 A CN202210507652 A CN 202210507652A CN 114838872 A CN114838872 A CN 114838872A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M1/00—Testing static or dynamic balance of machines or structures
- G01M1/14—Determining unbalance
- G01M1/16—Determining unbalance by oscillating or rotating the body to be tested
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M1/00—Testing static or dynamic balance of machines or structures
- G01M1/14—Determining unbalance
- G01M1/16—Determining unbalance by oscillating or rotating the body to be tested
- G01M1/22—Determining unbalance by oscillating or rotating the body to be tested and converting vibrations due to unbalance into electric variables
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for monitoring dynamic balance of a supergravity centrifuge for a long time. Setting unbalanced mass for the hypergravity centrifugal machine to carry out vibration response test, and obtaining vibration response characteristics of the hypergravity centrifugal machine under different centrifugal acceleration; calculating to obtain an influence coefficient of the unbalanced mass under the centrifugal acceleration on the vibration response according to the vibration response characteristics under each centrifugal acceleration, and constructing an influence coefficient table containing the unbalanced mass under different centrifugal accelerations on the vibration response by using the influence coefficients of different centrifugal accelerations; and in the monitoring period, judging the unbalanced mass performance of the hypergravity centrifugal machine in real time according to the influence coefficient table. The method can realize the identification of the unbalanced mass of the hypergravity centrifuge under different loads and running states, evaluate the safety performance based on the monitoring of the unbalanced mass, has strong operability, reduces the vibration of the hypergravity centrifuge through the long-term monitoring of dynamic balance, and ensures the safe running of the hypergravity centrifuge.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of operation control and safety evaluation of a supergravity centrifugal machine, and relates to a monitoring method and a safety evaluation method for dynamic balance unbalance of the supergravity centrifugal machine.
Background
The unbalanced force generated by the high-speed rotation of the rotary machine under the action of the unbalanced mass is a main source of mechanical vibration, and the safe operation of the supergravity centrifugal machine is influenced by the shafting fault generated by the vibration. As an arm type rotating machine, the supergravity centrifugal machine has the characteristics of high working centrifugal acceleration, high centrifugal acceleration and high vibration control requirement, so that the unbalanced mass of the supergravity centrifugal machine in different running states can be accurately identified, and the safety state of the supergravity centrifugal machine under the action of the unbalanced mass can be evaluated, thereby having important significance.
The invention patent application No. CN113932970A discloses a dynamic balancing method for vibration mode remodeling of a steam turbine rotor. The working principle of the method is as follows: rotating the steam turbine rotor under the conditions of no test counter weight and test counter weight under the preset centrifugal acceleration, measuring the vibration quantity, calculating the influence coefficient of the rotor vibration, and calculating the critical counter weight by using the influence coefficient; and then removing the test balance weight, installing a critical balance weight, and evaluating the dynamic balance effect by judging whether the reverse phase is realized under the preset centrifugal acceleration.
The invention patent application No. CN112556931A discloses a high-speed bearing rotor system modal dynamic balance method based on a particle swarm algorithm. The working principle of the method is as follows: firstly, establishing a three-dimensional model of a bearing rotor, importing the three-dimensional model into ANSYS software for modal analysis to determine the position of the balance relative to the front, and further establishing a functional relation between the unbalance and correction quality to be added according to the balance condition of a modal balance method; and solving the optimal value of each correction mass by adopting a particle swarm optimization algorithm.
The invention patent application No. CN112729681A discloses a method and a system for detecting the on-site dynamic balance of a rotor. The working principle of the method is as follows: acquiring, analyzing and calculating dynamic balance signals of the rotor in an initial unbalance state, a left weighted state and a right weighted state of the rotor to obtain the unbalance amount and a phase angle of the rotor; the unbalance amount on site is corrected by weighting or de-weighting the left and right side correcting surfaces so as to meet the dynamic balance requirement of the rotor.
The invention patent application No. CN112720068A discloses a dynamic balance measuring method for a main shaft of an ultra-precision machine tool. The working principle of the method is as follows: : constructing an electromechanical model of an X-axis feeding system of a machine tool; acquiring the actual angle of a main shaft, the actual position of an X axis and the alternating current of an X axis motor after the centrifugal acceleration of the main shaft of the machine tool is stable; obtaining the relationship between the disturbing force of the dynamic unbalance of the main shaft to the feeding system, the actual angle of the main shaft and the disturbing force of the dynamic unbalance to the X-axis feeding system according to the parameters and the model; filtering the multi-turn winding power data under the same actual angle of the main shaft; and calculating the maximum value of the disturbance force and the corresponding main shaft position as well as the minimum value of the disturbance force and the corresponding main shaft position according to the data after the filtering processing, and calculating the dynamic unbalance data of the main shaft.
The main disadvantages of the prior art related art or method are as follows:
(1) the existing dynamic balance quantity testing means for establishing the rotor model is established on the basis of small scale and simple structure of the tested rotor system, so that the unbalance response of the rotor system can be simulated by means of a theoretical model. The supergravity centrifuge has large structure scale, complex operation state and many unknown parameters, and the unbalanced response of the supergravity centrifuge is difficult to obtain in a theoretical calculation mode, so that the unbalanced mass needs to be identified through field test data.
(2) The existing dynamic balance test theory is based on single dynamic balance test data obtained by a tested rotor under a certain working centrifugal acceleration. The supergravity centrifuge is used as a test device, and various working centrifugal accelerations exist according to different test requirements; when different test devices are mounted, the structure of the rotor is changed accordingly. The conventional dynamic balance method aiming at a single working centrifugal acceleration and aiming at a fixed rotor structure cannot provide the current unbalanced mass under the working condition of the hypergravity centrifuge, so that a dynamic balance long-term monitoring method aiming at the running mode of the hypergravity centrifuge is required to be provided.
(3) The aim of the existing dynamic balance theory and unbalanced mass test methods is to reduce the unbalanced mass or unbalanced moment of the rotor system. The hypergravity centrifuge needs to carry different test devices and balance the weight when carrying out different tests, and the hypergravity centrifuge often has an unbalanced state caused by reasons such as weight precision during operation, so that complete balance is difficult to realize. In the prior art, due to the lack of an evaluation method for the unbalance state of the supergravity centrifuge during operation, the safety evaluation for the unbalance state of the supergravity centrifuge is difficult to realize, so that the evaluation method for the balance state of the supergravity centrifuge needs to be provided on the basis of long-term dynamic balance monitoring.
The prior art lacks a dynamic balance long-term monitoring method and an unbalance state evaluation method aiming at multiple centrifugal accelerations and multiple working conditions of a hypergravity centrifuge.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems in the background technology and provides a dynamic balance long-term monitoring method of a hypergravity centrifugal machine. The invention provides a dynamic balance long-term monitoring method of a supergravity centrifuge under the conditions of multiple centrifugal accelerations and multiple working conditions, which can monitor the unbalance mass in the current running state at the running stage of the supergravity centrifuge and evaluate the safety state of the supergravity centrifuge based on the unbalance mass obtained by monitoring.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
firstly, under the condition of advance, setting unbalanced mass for a designed hypergravity centrifugal machine to carry out vibration response test, and obtaining vibration response characteristics of the hypergravity centrifugal machine under different centrifugal acceleration;
calculating to obtain the influence coefficient of the unbalanced mass under the centrifugal acceleration on the vibration response according to the vibration response characteristics under each centrifugal acceleration, and constructing an influence coefficient table containing the influence coefficients of the unbalanced mass under different centrifugal accelerations on the vibration response by the influence coefficients of different centrifugal accelerations;
and step three, in a long-term monitoring period later, judging the unbalanced mass performance of the hypergravity centrifugal machine in real time according to the influence coefficient table.
In the vibration response test of the first step, a vibration response measuring point is set, specifically, a vibration response measuring point with the same phase is set near a middle guide bearing or a lower guide bearing of the supergravity centrifugal machine, a vibration sensor is arranged at the vibration response measuring point, the vibration response measuring point is a vibration speed measuring point or a vibration acceleration measuring point, a phase discriminator is set at a proper position on the supergravity centrifugal machine, and a test mass block is placed in a hanging basket at one side of the supergravity centrifugal machine to be used as an unbalanced mass.
In phase means that the positions of the arrangement of vibration responsive stations lie in the same radial direction.
The specific implementation is that a phase discriminator is arranged at the lower end of a main shaft of the hypergravity centrifugal machine, the phase discriminator and the main shaft of the hypergravity centrifugal machine synchronously rotate, the phase discriminator is used for a reference signal of a signal collected by a vibration sensor, and the phase interference generated along with the main shaft synchronous rotation of the hypergravity centrifugal machine in the signal collected by the vibration sensor is eliminated by taking the phase of the phase discriminator as a reference.
In the first step, the vibration response test comprises a centrifugal acceleration working condition, each centrifugal acceleration working condition comprises at least one group of unbalanced masses, and a test mass block with fixed mass unchanged is placed under each centrifugal acceleration.
In the second step, the influence coefficient f under the centrifugal acceleration g Calculating according to a formula:
wherein:
The third step is specifically as follows:
acquiring current centrifugal acceleration and vibration response characteristic data of the hypergravity centrifugal machine in real time, inputting the data into an influence coefficient table to inquire an influence coefficient under the current centrifugal acceleration and calculating the current unbalanced mass;
and then whether the safety factor is met is calculated and judged according to the following formula:
wherein M is t For the currently unbalanced mass of a hypergravity centrifuge, M d Designing an unbalanced mass which can be borne under the current centrifugal acceleration for the hypergravity centrifugal machine; k is M Representing the safety factor of the unbalanced mass performance of the hypergravity centrifuge;
wherein M is d M/g, where M is the designed unbalance force bearing capacity, unit t; g is the current centrifugal acceleration in g.
When the formula is met, the integral unbalanced mass performance of the supergravity centrifugal machine in the current running state meets the requirement;
and when the formula is not met, the integral unbalanced mass performance of the hypergravity centrifugal machine in the current running state is considered to be not met, and the hypergravity centrifugal machine is stopped for balancing.
In the third step, the current unbalanced mass
Obtained by the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the vibration vector of the vibration sensor during real-time operation of the hypergravity centrifugal machine comprises a first-order rotation frequency vibration amplitude value of the hypergravity centrifugal machine and a phase difference relative to the phase discriminator; f. of g ' denotes an influence coefficient corresponding to the current centrifugal acceleration in the influence coefficient table.
In the second step, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
if the current centrifugal acceleration in the influence coefficient table has no corresponding influence coefficient, the influence coefficient f corresponding to the current centrifugal acceleration g And obtaining the influence coefficient according to the following linear interpolation according to the influence coefficient in the influence coefficient table:
wherein r is 2 F is the nearest centrifugal acceleration (in rpm) in the influence coefficient table which is greater than the current centrifugal acceleration g2 Is a centrifugal acceleration r 2 A corresponding influence coefficient; r is 1 F is the nearest centrifugal acceleration (in rpm) in the influence coefficient table which is smaller than the current centrifugal acceleration g1 Is a centrifugal acceleration r 1 A corresponding influence coefficient; r is the current centrifugal acceleration (in rpm).
In specific implementation, the safety factor is set according to different performance and safety requirements of the hypergravity centrifuge, and can be set to be 2.0.
According to the invention, the influence coefficient is set, so that the real-time unbalanced mass is calculated by using the influence coefficient, and the dynamic balance condition of the supergravity centrifuge is represented.
The method can accurately judge the integral unbalanced mass performance of the hypergravity centrifugal machine according to the calculated unbalanced mass under the condition of unknown weight load in the monitoring period. The calculated unbalanced mass, while not accurately representative of the unknown weight, can accurately characterize the overall unbalanced mass performance of the gravity centrifuge.
The method can realize the identification of the unbalanced mass of the hypergravity centrifuge under different loads and running states, evaluate the safety performance based on the monitoring of the unbalanced mass, has strong operability, reduces the vibration of the hypergravity centrifuge through the long-term monitoring of dynamic balance, and ensures the safe running of the hypergravity centrifuge.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
based on the field test data of the hypergravity centrifuge, compared with the prior art and method, the invention obtains accurate imbalance force response data under different centrifugal accelerations, avoids the modeling and calculating processes of the complex hypergravity centrifuge, and obtains the influence coefficient of the imbalance mass on the vibration response more true and reliable.
The invention can realize long-term monitoring of the unbalanced mass of the multi-hypergravity centrifugal machine in various running states, has the capability of monitoring the current unbalanced mass of the hypergravity centrifugal machine in real time under the multi-centrifugal acceleration compared with the prior art and method, and overcomes the defect that the prior method can not be applied to multi-working centrifugal acceleration equipment.
The invention provides an evaluation method for the safety state of the supergravity centrifuge in the unbalanced state, the unbalanced force bearing capacity of the supergravity centrifuge is evaluated based on the monitored unbalanced mass, the unbalanced safety state of the supergravity centrifuge in different running states can be quantitatively evaluated, and the safe running of the supergravity centrifuge is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a vibratory response test sensor arrangement for a hypergravity centrifuge;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement position of a vibration response test specimen mass block of the supergravity centrifuge.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments
The specific embodiment and the implementation process of the complete method according to the invention are as follows:
firstly, vibration response tests are carried out on the hypergravity centrifugal machine under the conditions of different unbalanced masses and centrifugal acceleration, vibration responses of the hypergravity centrifugal machine under the conditions of different unbalanced masses and centrifugal acceleration are obtained, two vibration sensors and one phase discriminator are required to be arranged, the vibration sensors can be speed or acceleration sensors, and the arrangement scheme of the vibration sensors and the phase discriminator is shown in figure 1. The selection principle of the vibration sensor is that whether the requirement of the test precision can be met or not, the response values measured by the speed sensor and the acceleration sensor are different, and the physical quantity which can meet the sensitivity of the sensor and the calculation and analysis precision is selected for testing.
And (3) setting a vibration response test group according to the centrifugal acceleration according to the experimental requirement of the hypergravity centrifuge, wherein if the common centrifugal acceleration values in the hypergravity centrifuge experiment are 25g, 30g, 50g, 80g, 100g and 150g, the vibration response test group comprises the common centrifugal acceleration and is added according to the requirement. At least two sets of tests with no unbalanced mass (no-load condition) and unbalanced mass (test-weight condition) should be included at each centrifugal acceleration. In specific implementation, the size of the test weight mass needs to be determined according to the bearing capacity of the supergravity centrifuge and the data validity of the vibration sensor: the unbalanced mass bearing capacity of the supergravity centrifuge is high under low centrifugal acceleration, the vibration response of the position of a measuring point of the sensor is relatively small, and large unbalanced mass needs to be set for ensuring the accuracy of vibration response test data; under the high centrifugal acceleration state, the unbalanced mass bearing capacity of the supergravity centrifugal machine is weak, the vibration response of the position of a measuring point of the sensor is relatively large, and the test weight mass needs to be properly reduced, so that the vibration response test is accurate. In the examples, the unbalance masses were 85kg, 70kg, 63kg, 53kg, 42kg, and 30kg in the test weight state vibration response test when the centrifugal acceleration of the supergravity centrifuge was 25g, 30g, 50g, 80g, 100g, and 150 g.
Then, according to the vibration data of two groups of tested vibration sensors without unbalanced mass (no-load state) and with unbalanced mass (test weight state) under each centrifugal acceleration condition, selecting the test data of one of the two vibration sensors to calculate the influence coefficient of the unbalanced mass on the vibration response under the centrifugal acceleration. The relationship between the rotational frequency and the centrifugal acceleration of the hypergravity centrifuge is calculated by the following formula:
a＝(2πf T ) 2 R (1.1)
wherein f is T Is the rotational frequency (Hz) of the hypergravity centrifuge, and a is the centrifugal acceleration (m/s) of the hypergravity centrifuge 2 ) And R is the effective rotating radius of the supergravity centrifugal machine.
Then, after the calculation of the influence coefficients of the unbalanced mass under each experimental centrifugal acceleration on the vibration response is completed, the influence coefficients are summarized to form a table of the influence coefficients of the unbalanced mass under each centrifugal acceleration on the vibration response, as shown in table 1, and a certain actual measurement result of the embodiment is shown in table 1, wherein the centrifugal acceleration is in unit of the gravitational constant g.
TABLE 1 table of influence coefficient of unbalanced mass on vibration response at each centrifugal acceleration in examples
And then, in a long-term monitoring period of daily operation of the hypergravity centrifuge, arranging a vibration sensor and a phase discriminator at a vibration sensor measuring point and a phase discriminator measuring point of a vibration response test, and collecting data of the vibration sensor and the phase discriminator. When the supergravity centrifuge is in a running state, the influence coefficient table of the unbalanced mass under each centrifugal acceleration on vibration response is inquired to obtain the influence coefficient under the current centrifugal acceleration, the current unbalanced mass is calculated by using data of the vibration sensor and the phase discriminator, and the embodiment result is shown in table 2. If the current centrifugal acceleration of the centrifuge is not contained in the influence coefficient table, calculating the influence coefficient of the unbalanced mass under the current centrifugal acceleration on the vibration response by adopting a linear interpolation method to the influence coefficient of the unbalanced mass adjacent to the two groups of centrifugal accelerations on the vibration response.
TABLE 2 example dynamic balance monitoring calculation data of hypergravity centrifuge
And finally, calculating and calculating the unbalance force according to the current unbalance mass and the current centrifugal acceleration, checking the relation between the current unbalance force and the unbalance force bearing capacity of the supergravity centrifugal machine, and evaluating the unbalance safety, wherein the result is shown in the following table 3.
TABLE 3 evaluation of safety of ultragravity centrifuge unbalance
Therefore, the embodiment shows that the influence coefficient table of the unbalanced mass under each centrifugal acceleration to the vibration response is obtained through the vibration response test of the supergravity centrifuge under the conditions of different unbalanced masses and different centrifugal accelerations, and the unbalanced mass under the running state of the supergravity centrifuge is monitored for a long time based on the vibration sensor data of the same measuring point. The safety performance of the hypergravity centrifugal machine under the action of the unbalanced force is evaluated based on the unbalanced mass of the hypergravity centrifugal machine monitored in real time, and the safe operation of the hypergravity centrifugal machine is guaranteed.
Claims (7)
1. A method for monitoring the dynamic balance of a hypergravity centrifuge for a long time is characterized in that: the method mainly comprises the following steps:
step one, setting unbalanced mass for a hypergravity centrifuge to carry out vibration response test, and obtaining vibration response characteristics of the hypergravity centrifuge under different centrifugal acceleration;
calculating to obtain the influence coefficient of the unbalanced mass under the centrifugal acceleration on the vibration response according to the vibration response characteristics under each centrifugal acceleration, and constructing an influence coefficient table containing the influence coefficients of the unbalanced mass under different centrifugal accelerations on the vibration response by the influence coefficients of different centrifugal accelerations;
and step three, in the monitoring period, judging the unbalanced mass performance of the supergravity centrifuge in real time according to the influence coefficient table.
2. The method for long-term monitoring of the dynamic balance of a hypergravity centrifuge according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in the vibration response test of the first step, a vibration response measuring point is set, specifically, a vibration response measuring point with the same phase is set near a middle guide bearing or a lower guide bearing of the supergravity centrifugal machine, a vibration sensor is arranged at the vibration response measuring point, a phase discriminator is set on the supergravity centrifugal machine, and a test weight mass block is placed in a hanging basket at one side of the supergravity centrifugal machine to serve as an unbalanced mass.
3. The method for long-term monitoring of the dynamic balance of a hypergravity centrifuge according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in the first step, the vibration response test comprises a centrifugal acceleration working condition, and a test weight mass block with fixed mass and unchanged mass is placed under each centrifugal acceleration.
4. The method for long-term monitoring of the dynamic balance of a hypergravity centrifuge according to claim 2, characterized in that:
in the second step, the influence coefficient f under the centrifugal acceleration g Calculating according to a formula:
wherein:
5. The method for long-term monitoring of the dynamic balance of a hypergravity centrifuge according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the third step is specifically as follows:
acquiring current centrifugal acceleration and vibration response characteristic data of the hypergravity centrifugal machine in real time, inputting the data into an influence coefficient table to inquire an influence coefficient under the current centrifugal acceleration and calculating the current unbalanced mass;
and then whether the safety factor is met is calculated and judged according to the following formula:
wherein M is t For the currently unbalanced mass of a hypergravity centrifuge, M d Designing an unbalanced mass which can be borne under the current centrifugal acceleration for the hypergravity centrifugal machine; k M Representing the safety factor of the unbalanced mass performance of the hypergravity centrifuge;
when the formula is met, the integral unbalanced mass performance of the supergravity centrifugal machine in the current running state meets the requirement;
and when the formula is not met, the integral unbalanced mass performance of the hypergravity centrifugal machine in the current running state is considered to be not met, and the hypergravity centrifugal machine is stopped for balancing.
6. The method for long-term monitoring of the dynamic balance of a hypergravity centrifuge according to claim 5, characterized in that:
in the third step, the current unbalanced mass
By the followingThe formula is obtained:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for the vibration vector of the vibration sensor during real-time operation of the hypergravity centrifuge, f g ' denotes an influence coefficient corresponding to the current centrifugal acceleration in the influence coefficient table.
7. The method for long-term monitoring of dynamic balance of a hypergravity centrifuge as recited in claim 6, wherein:
in the second step, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
if the current centrifugal acceleration in the influence coefficient table has no corresponding influence coefficient, the influence coefficient f corresponding to the current centrifugal acceleration g And obtaining the influence coefficient according to the following linear interpolation according to the influence coefficient in the influence coefficient table:
wherein r is 2 For the nearest centrifugal acceleration, f, in the influence coefficient table greater than the current centrifugal acceleration g2 Is a centrifugal acceleration r 2 A corresponding influence coefficient; r is 1 For the nearest centrifugal acceleration, f, of the influence coefficient table which is smaller than the current centrifugal acceleration g1 Is a centrifugal acceleration r 1 A corresponding influence coefficient; r is the current centrifugal acceleration.
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| WO2023216451A1 (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2023-11-16 | 浙江大学 | Long-term method for monitoring dynamic balance of hypergravity centrifuge |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023216451A1 (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2023-11-16 | 浙江大学 | Long-term method for monitoring dynamic balance of hypergravity centrifuge |
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| WO2023216451A1 (en) | 2023-11-16 |
| CN114838872B (en) | 2023-04-04 |
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