CN112363129A - Weather radar differential reflectivity factor parameter calibration method - Google Patents
Weather radar differential reflectivity factor parameter calibration method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112363129A CN112363129A CN202011210149.4A CN202011210149A CN112363129A CN 112363129 A CN112363129 A CN 112363129A CN 202011210149 A CN202011210149 A CN 202011210149A CN 112363129 A CN112363129 A CN 112363129A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dual-polarization weather radar ZDRA parametric scaling method, comprising: determining the length of a suspension line between the unmanned aerial vehicle and the metal ball according to the linear distance between the selected calibration place and the radar station, so that the unmanned aerial vehicle and the metal ball cannot appear in one radar scanning beam at the same time; step two, according to the altitude of the radar feed source, the linear distance between the test point and the radar station，Determining a scanning elevation range value, so that the unmanned aerial vehicle has at least 3 elevation scans in the flight altitude, and the scanning elevation range value is used for distinguishing the unmanned aerial vehicle from the metal ball; setting a radar scanning mode as a user-defined VCP-sect mode, adopting a sector scanning combination with a target direction of +/-5 degrees, and setting the antenna scanning speed to be 4 deg/s; step four, hovering the unmanned aerial vehicle at the position of the test point, and scanning according to the radar scanning mode set in the step three to finish Z-scanning of the dual-polarization radarDRAnd (6) calibrating. The invention has better stability at high altitude and aims at the radar ZDRAnd the test calibration can effectively improve the precision and the reliability of calibration data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a weather radar ZDRA parameter calibration method belongs to the technical field of radar testing.
Background
China is about to build an observation network consisting of 233 new-generation weather radars to calibrate the weather radars, and China meteorological office sets out a series of service files such as a factory (field) acceptance test outline (2018 edition) of the new-generation weather radars and inspection regulations (trial run) of a new-generation weather radar system (2009 edition), and sets out a plurality of SA radar calibration test items. Some experts and scholars in China also develop certain research and make certain progress, Wanglixuan et al (2001) introduce a new generation weather radar parameter test, and an instrument outside the machine is used for testing the automatic calibration result inside the machine; the technical principle of CIRAD/CC automatic calibration is analyzed by Chaihu plum and the like (2007), and a solution is provided for the existing problems; pan Xinmin et al (2010) discusses an echo intensity calibration and fault diagnosis analysis method and a calibration fault diagnosis process; wangzhiwu et al (2008) analyze radar scaling related adaptation parameters and give countermeasures to various alarms possibly occurring in scaling and inspection; zhoushong et al (2016) have studied the CIRAD/SA calibration technique in four aspects starting from the radar data quality requirement, thereby improving the objectivity and consistency of the echo intensity calibration.
The dual-polarization upgrading and transformation of the new-generation weather radar is carried out in 2015 in China, the newly-built service radar is the dual-polarization radar at present, and the national CINRAD/SA radar is upgraded to the dual-polarization radar CINRAD/SA-D. The dual-polarization radar identifies the detection target by the tiny difference of the echo signals of the vertical channel and the horizontal channelPhysical characteristics of the subject matter. Aiming at the calibration problem of radar, Z is introduced by analyzing and researching the feeder loss of a radar transmitting branch and a radar receiving branch, the inconsistency of a two-way rotary joint and the like (2008)DRA factor of measurement error. Radar Z caused by S/C/X waveband dual-polarization weather radar azimuth rotary joint and pitching rotary joint produced by Ministry of Hendong, Huhanfeng, Caikong and the likeDRThe measurement error is detected and analyzed, which shows that the rotary joint of the radar important device influences the consistency and Z of the dual-channel signal of the dual-polarization weather radarDRPrecision; zhao Shi Ying measures the loss of the receiving and transmitting branches of the vehicle-mounted C-waveband dual-polarization Doppler radar by using a cross and parallel method, and calculates the deviation value of two channels of the radar, thereby correcting ZDRThe method has good calibration effect on radar without antenna housing, such as vehicle-mounted radar and the like; li Ji et al (2016) use the comparative light rain method, the solar method, etc. to differentiate the reflectivity (Z) of dual-polarization weather radarDR) Calibration, the raining method has extremely high requirements on weather conditions, and the solar method only calibrates a full-link receiving channel; zhan et al (2019) analysis and comparison of differential reflectivity (Z) of S-waveband dual-polarization weather radar by comparing small rain method (namely calibration of vertical direction method) and sun methodDR) Finding that the radar drizzle is influenced by the aviation obstruction light and the maintenance window which are positioned at the top of the antenna cover, so that the Z isDRDeviation occurs in a calibration result; li Megming et al[16]A test of using a captive boat to hang a metal ball to calibrate an X-waveband solid-state weather radar is carried out, the average value of the differential reflectivity is 2dB, and the difference has larger deviation from the theoretical value of 0 dB. Although the above work has studied the differential reflectivity (Z) of the dual polarization radar in China from various aspectsDR) The method has the advantages that the research objects are mainly focused on scientific research radars, and the research on the radar for the current networking service in China is less. At present, the dual-polarization parameter Z of the CINRAD of the service radar by the metal ball is not developed in ChinaDRWork of calibration, for ZDRThe calibration mainly depends on a light rain method, a sun method and the like, and calibration results are influenced by various factors and have uncertainty and deviation. Dual polarization weather radar to weather target differential reflectivity (Z)DR) The accurate measurement is necessary to be solved in the dual-polarization upgrading process of the new-generation weather radar in ChinaAn important link is determined, the data quality of the dual-polarization radar is guaranteed, and accurate data products can be better provided for forecasting services.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a radar Z capable of accurately calibrating weather aiming at the defects in the prior artDRA parametric method.
Existing pair ZDRThe calibration mainly depends on a light rain method, a sun method and the like, and calibration results are influenced by various factors and have uncertainty and deviation. Dual polarization weather radar to weather target differential reflectivity (Z)DR) The accurate measurement is an important link which needs to be solved in the dual-polarization upgrading process of the new weather radar generation in China. Scaling radar Z using unmanned aerial vehicle to carry metal ballsDRAnd the accuracy can be effectively improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
dual-polarization weather radar ZDRA parametric scaling method, comprising:
step one, determining the length L of the unmanned aerial vehicle and the metal ball suspension line according to the linear distance between the selected calibration place and the radar station2So that the unmanned aerial vehicle and the metal ball cannot appear in one radar scanning beam at the same time;
step two, according to the altitude h of the radar feed source1The test point is at a linear distance L from the radar station1Determining a scanning elevation angle alpha range value, so that the unmanned aerial vehicle has at least 3 elevation angle scans in the flight altitude, and the scanning elevation angle alpha range value is used for distinguishing the unmanned aerial vehicle from the metal ball;
setting a radar scanning mode as a user-defined VCP-sect mode, adopting a sector scanning combination with a target direction of +/-5 degrees, and setting the antenna scanning speed to be 4 deg/s;
step four, hovering the unmanned aerial vehicle at the position of the test point, scanning according to the radar scanning mode set in the step three, and detecting the horizontal Z of the metal ball by the radarHAnd vertical ZVTwo directional backscatter signals, differential reflectivity factor (Z)DR) Is the horizontal channel reflectivity factor Z within the beam volumeHAnd a vertical channel reflectivity factor ZVThe ratio of.
Modifying radar configuration coefficient by the ratio of the two directions of the backscattering signals, and requiring deviation by a system<0.2, completing Z to the dual polarization radarDRAnd (6) calibrating.
The scanning elevation angle alpha and the linear distance between the test point and the radar station are L1The following formula is satisfied:
H＝L1×tanα+h1
and H is the altitude of the central point of the beam of the dual-polarization weather radar.
Test point beam broadening height Hw:
Hw＝L1×tan(α+0.5)-L1×tan(α-0.5)
in the formula, L1Is the test point linear distance from the radar station.
Compared with the prior art, the invention mainly comprises the following technologies:
1. anti-jamming, unmanned aerial vehicle carry metal ball comparatively directly perceived, accurate and position easily is fixed, can have better stability at the high altitude, to radar ZDRAnd the test calibration can effectively improve the precision and the reliability of calibration data.
2. Can avoid the raining method and the solar method-ZDRThe measurement accuracy error brought by the test calibration can not be avoided, and the method is suitable for most weather calibration.
3. The method is suitable for dual-polarization weather radars with different wave bands.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an unmanned aerial vehicle carrying a metal sphere calibration radar of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the measured results of the calibration experiment, in which a is the reflectivity test value of the metal ball and b is the ZDR test value of the metal ball.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The new generation weather radar SA is upgraded to a dual-polarization radar CINRAD/SA-D, and a simultaneous transmitting and receiving mode is adopted.
Differential reflectivity factor ZDRIs the horizontal channel reflectivity factor Z within the beam volumeHAnd a vertical channel reflectivity factor ZVThe ratio of.
ZDRLogarithmic coordinates are generally used, in dB. Horizontal channel reflectivity factor Z for standard metal spheresHAnd a vertical channel reflectivity factor ZVEqual, ZDRIs zero. The shape of small raindrops tends to be spherical, ZHAnd ZVApproximately equal, ZDRThe value is close to zero. The larger the raindrop size, the flatter the shape, ZDRThe larger.
The standard metal ball is used as a scattering target for dual-polarization radar calibration, which is an innovative radar calibration method. A standard metal ball of known dimensions is typically suspended by the drone, and for selection of the size of the metal ball, it is generally required:
2πr/λ＜10 (2)
for an S-band dual-polarization radar (SA-D type), the diameter of a metal ball selected by the user is 40cm, the resonance coefficient of the cross section of the radar and a standard metal ball is guaranteed to be 1, and in addition, the distance between the metal ball and the radar is required to exceed 1.5km, so that a radar beam can completely scan the metal ball. When the metal ball enters the detection beam area of the dual-polarization radar, the radar can detect the back scattering signals of the metal ball in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, and the metal ball can be used for Z-direction detection of the dual-polarization radar because the RCS (radar cross section) of the metal ball is knownDRScaling is possible.
A calibration method for carrying a metal ball by adopting the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises the following steps:
step one, setting relevant to flying height of unmanned aerial vehicle and metal ball
Based on the selected calibration location and radar station before calibration is performedThe length of the suspension line between the unmanned aerial vehicle and the metal ball is determined by the linear distance between the unmanned aerial vehicle and the metal ball, so as to ensure that the unmanned aerial vehicle and the metal ball cannot simultaneously appear in a radar scanning beam, otherwise, the calibration accuracy is directly influenced, the numerical value of the ZDR cannot be distinguished, the scanning elevation angle is calculated according to the characteristics (wave band, wave beam width and scanning elevation angle) of the meteorological service radar and the flying highest degree of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the highest degree of the experimental unmanned aerial vehicle is 500 meters, the lowest elevation angle of 1.4 degrees is selected for scanning, then sequentially raising the angle by 0.2 degrees at 1.6 degrees and 1.8 degrees to ensure that at least 3 elevation angles can be scanned in the flying height, used for distinguishing the unmanned aerial vehicle from the metal ball, under the appropriate wind-resistant condition and height, the unmanned aerial vehicle can keep better hovering, the method is very beneficial to continuously testing the metal ball at a fixed elevation angle, is obviously superior to a flying mode of using an airship, a kite or the like, and is not easy to control the change of the azimuth/elevation angle of the metal ball. According to the figure 1, the flying height (relative to the ground) of the test point unmanned aerial vehicle is h2Length L of suspended metal ball line2The pre-flying height of the metal ball is h2-L2Altitude of test point is h3Elevation of radar feed source is h1The test point is at a linear distance L from the radar station1。
Altitude H of the radar beam center point at elevation angle α:
H＝L1×tanα+h1 (3)
test point beam broadening height Hw:
Hw＝L1×tan(α+0.5)-L1×tan(α-0.5) (4)
to avoid the drone entering the radar scanning operation alpha angle, (relative to the ground, since the drone flight height is relative to the ground), it is first ensured that the metal ball is near the center of the operating beam, i.e. L1X tan alpha, L due to limited flying height of the drone1Must not be too long.
Step two, setting control parameters of the user-defined scanning mode of the dual-polarization radar
The system for calibrating the antenna, feeder line transmitting and receiving of the radar is calibrated by using an internal calibration and an external instrument, and the full-link echo intensity calibration inspection is carried out by using a solar method, so that all indexes of the radar are all qualified. The specific parameters are as follows:
TABLE 1S-waveband dual-polarization weather radar CINRAD/SAD main parameters
In order to improve the effective time during data testing and obtain more radar data, a user-defined VCP-sect mode is adopted for radar scanning, a target azimuth +/-5-degree sector scanning combination is adopted, all radar filtering algorithms such as ground objects are closed, and the like, the number of narrow pulses, a distance library is 250m, the antenna scanning speed is 4deg/s, the sampling number is 256, and the like. The VCP-sect body scanning configuration is shown in a table 2, the elevation angle setting in the table 2 is determined according to the calculation result of '3. unmanned aerial vehicle flight height and metal ball pre-flight height calculation', and due to the fact that all radar filter algorithms such as ground objects are closed, the echo of the ground objects is strong within 10km of a test point away from a radar station, and therefore the radar test elevation angle is required to be larger than 1.5 degrees. Table 2 is a VCP-sect configuration parameters table.
TABLE 2 VCP-sect configuration parameters Table
Step three, parameter setting of unmanned aerial vehicle
The unmanned aerial vehicle system needs a large-load long-endurance pure electric six-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle system with general mounting capacity, and the unmanned aerial vehicle parameters are as shown in table 3. The system can realize the full-autonomous taking off and landing and cruising ability, and the dual-redundancy flight control system and a plurality of safety control strategies ensure the safety and reliability of flight use.
Table 3 XH230E main technical indexes of unmanned aerial vehicle system
Obtaining radar detection actual Z through different places and different heightsDRThe numerical value of (2) can be used for correcting radar parameters and improving the accuracy of radar detection products.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: according to the self beam width of the radar and the elevation h of the radar feed source1The test point is at a linear distance L from the radar station1And calculating the theoretical position information of the metal ball.
Altitude H of the radar beam center point at elevation angle α (location point of metal ball):
H＝L1×tanα+h1
then the unmanned aerial vehicle is controlled to carry the position where the metal ball arrives, the normal working mode of the radar is used for scanning, or the scanning is carried out according to the preset mode, and the Z which is actually detected is usedDRIs compared with the previous ZDR value of the radar system to scale the radar.
Example one
According to the steps, a radar observation mode is set respectively, relevant equipment such as an unmanned aerial vehicle is prepared, the position where the metal ball should hover is calculated, and after the highest flying height of the unmanned aerial vehicle is determined, the height of the metal ball, the scanning elevation angle and the like are conveniently calculated according to the linear distance between the flying point and the radar station, the altitude, the length of a suspended metal ball cable and other parameters. And table 4 shows the test point, 7.33km away from the radar station, 316.22 degrees of azimuth, 68 meters of cable length, and the related data of elevation angle, metal ball height and the like are calculated according to the formulas (3) and (4).
TABLE 4 flight height and detection elevation angle of metal ball
Controlling the radar to carry out SPPI or RHI scanning to obtain ZDRData of (5) are shown in Table 5
By analyzing the 4 groups of test data, the distance error of the unmanned aerial vehicle in the air is about 10 meters due to the influence of control precision, air flow and the like, and the metal ball Z is about 42dB and Z is identifiedDRThe mean value of (D) is-0.265 dB (radar system software Z)DRData compensation coefficient 0.15dB, not deducted from product display value), Z after increasing compensation coefficientDRThe value of (A) is about-0.115 dB, and the value is within an allowable error range, so that the service use requirement is met.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the actual measurement result of the calibration experiment, wherein a is the reflectivity test value of 37.5dBz of the metal ball, b is the ZDR test value of 0.125 of the metal ball, and through the analysis of the actual measurement data, because the test environment with small clear air wind is selected, the positions except the metal ball have larger reflectivity and obviously different surroundings, and the same position is found to have ZDRThe value is close to 0, and the feasibility of the calibration method is verified.
Claims (6)
1. Dual-polarization weather radar ZDRA parametric scaling method, comprising:
determining the length of a suspension line between the unmanned aerial vehicle and the metal ball according to the linear distance between the selected calibration place and the radar station, so that the unmanned aerial vehicle and the metal ball cannot appear in one radar scanning beam at the same time;
determining a scanning elevation angle alpha range value according to the altitude of a radar feed source, the test point and the linear distance from the radar station, so that the unmanned aerial vehicle has at least 3 elevation angle scans in the flight altitude and is used for distinguishing the unmanned aerial vehicle from the metal ball;
setting a radar scanning mode as a user-defined VCP-sect mode, adopting a sector scanning combination with a target direction of +/-5 degrees, and setting the antenna scanning speed to be 2-10 deg/s;
step four, hovering the unmanned aerial vehicle at the position of the test point, scanning according to the radar scanning mode set in the step three, detecting the backscattering signals of the metal ball in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction by the radar, and completing the double-bias alignment according to the ratio of the backscattering signals in the two directionsRadar vibration ZDRAnd (6) calibrating.
2. The dual polarization weather radar Z of claim 1DRThe parameter calibration method is characterized in that the scanning elevation angle alpha and the linear distance L between a test point and a radar station1The following formula is satisfied:
H＝L1×tanα+h1
wherein H is the altitude of the central point of the wave beam of the dual-polarization weather radar, H1Altitude, L, of the radar feed1Is the test point linear distance from the radar station.
3. The dual polarization weather radar Z of claim 1DRThe parameter calibration method is characterized in that the test point beam broadening height Hw:
Hw＝L1×tan(α+0.5)-L1×tan(α-0.5)
in the formula, L1Is the test point linear distance from the radar station.
4. The dual polarization weather radar Z of claim 1DRParametric scaling method, characterized by a differential reflectivity factor ZDRComprises the following steps:
in the formula, ZHIs the back-scattered signal in the horizontal direction, and ZVIs the backscattered signal in the vertical direction.
5. The dual polarization weather radar Z of claim 1DRThe parameter calibration method is characterized in that the scanning speed of the antenna is 4 deg/s.
6. The dual polarization weather radar Z of claim 3DRThe parameter calibration method is characterized in that the length L of the suspension line of the unmanned aerial vehicle and the metal ball is2Satisfy the requirement of：
Hw＜L2＜h2-H
In the formula, h2The ascending limit of the unmanned aerial vehicle is set; the altitude of the test point; and H is the altitude of the central point of the beam of the dual-polarization weather radar.
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| CN115015862A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-09-06 | 广东纳睿雷达科技股份有限公司 | Dual-polarization radar calibration method and device and storage medium |
| CN115061105A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-09-16 | 广东纳睿雷达科技股份有限公司 | Rapid calibration method and device for dual-polarization radar and storage medium |
| CN115113156A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-09-27 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Calibration method and system for dual-polarized phased array meteorological radar |
| CN117419681A (en) * | 2023-12-18 | 2024-01-19 | 华云敏视达雷达(北京)有限公司 | Positioning processing method, system, storage medium and electronic equipment |
| CN117419681B (en) * | 2023-12-18 | 2024-03-08 | 华云敏视达雷达(北京)有限公司 | Positioning processing method, system, storage medium and electronic equipment |
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