CN112359962A - Method for manufacturing quick detachable and re-built assembled building unit - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing quick detachable and re-built assembled building unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN112359962A CN112359962A CN202011285125.5A CN202011285125A CN112359962A CN 112359962 A CN112359962 A CN 112359962A CN 202011285125 A CN202011285125 A CN 202011285125A CN 112359962 A CN112359962 A CN 112359962A
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- post
- building unit
- top plate
- wall
- wallboard
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
- E04B1/04—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stone-like material
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
- E04B1/04—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stone-like material
- E04B1/043—Connections specially adapted therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/16—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material
- E04B1/161—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material with vertical and horizontal slabs, both being partially cast in situ
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
- E04G11/02—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for rooms as a whole by which walls and floors are cast simultaneously, whole storeys, or whole buildings
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a building unit by fast disassembly and assembly, which comprises the steps of respectively and independently prefabricating plates such as a top plate, wall plates on each side and the like of the building unit, reserving post-cast strips and exposed reinforcing steel bars between adjacent plates, fixing the prefabricated wall plates on a bottom table and a die set fixed on the outer side of the bottom table, fixing the top plate on a top plate support frame installed on the bottom table, binding reinforcing steel bars at the post-cast strips of the wall plates and the top plate, and installing an inner die, an outer die and a bottom die of the top plate; then concrete is poured at the post-pouring belts of the wall boards and the top board to form the integrally connected top board and each wall board, and finally each wall board and the bottom board are combined to form a complete building unit. The manufacturing method of the invention does not need to manufacture the inner container of the mold, and building units with the length and the width less than or equal to that of the bottom platform can share one set of mold, thus greatly reducing the using amount of the template, being beneficial to reducing the manufacturing cost of the mold, and being very quick and easy to install and remove the mold.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a building structure, in particular to a method for manufacturing a prefabricated building unit in a quick detachable and re-built and assembled composite building.
Background
In order to avoid the problems that the construction period of the traditional cast-in-place concrete building is long, the quality is difficult to unify and the interference to the periphery is large, in the prior art, the building engineering gradually adopts an assembled building, namely prefabricated building units of a reinforced concrete structure, such as a prefabricated kitchen, a prefabricated toilet, a prefabricated bedroom and the like, which are manufactured in a factory in advance, and the prefabricated building units are assembled together on the site of a construction site, so that the field construction workload can be greatly reduced, the construction time is shortened, the labor is reduced, and the interference to the periphery residents can be greatly reduced.
When the existing prefabricated building unit is manufactured in a factory, a mold inner container of four-side wall panels and a ceiling is usually manufactured firstly, then steel bars are bound outside the mold inner container, then an outer mold of the four-side wall panels is built, then the four-side wall panels and the ceiling are poured between the inner mold and the outer mold, the mold is disassembled after concrete reaches the strength, then the prefabricated four-side wall panels and the ceiling are integrally hoisted above a bottom plate and are connected with the bottom plate for pouring together, and finally the required prefabricated building unit is formed.
The existing method for manufacturing the prefabricated building unit has the defects that the contact surface between the inner mold and the outer mold and the building unit is large, so the bonding force between the mold and the building unit is also large, the demolding between the prefabricated building unit and the mold is very difficult, the prefabricated building unit is difficult to lift, the difficulty is caused when the prefabricated building unit is manufactured, meanwhile, the using amount and the weight of the whole mold are very large, and the manufacturing cost of the mold is high.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for manufacturing a quick, detachable and re-assembled building unit, which has the advantages of less mold consumption and easy mold removal.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for manufacturing a quick detachable and re-built combined building unit comprises the following steps:
step A: respectively and independently prefabricating each plate of the building unit, wherein each plate comprises a top plate and each wall plate, post-pouring belts for subsequent connection are reserved between the top plate and each wall plate and between adjacent wall plates, and exposed reinforcing steel bars are reserved at the post-pouring belts and the bottoms of the wall plates;
and B: mounting the prefabricated wallboard on a bottom platform, and connecting and fixing the prefabricated wallboard with a die carrier fixed on the outer side of the bottom platform;
and C: installing a top plate support frame on the bottom table;
step D: binding steel bars at the post-cast strip between the adjacent wallboards;
step E: installing an external wallboard die and an internal wallboard die at a post-cast strip between adjacent wallboards;
step F: mounting a bottom die at the post-pouring strip between the top plate and the wallboard;
step G: mounting a prefabricated top plate on the top plate support frame, and binding steel bars at a post-pouring strip between the top plate and the wall plate;
step H: pouring concrete at post-cast strips between adjacent wallboards and between the top plate and the wallboards;
step I: d, removing the wallboard outer die, the wallboard inner die and the bottom die after the concrete poured in the step H reaches enough strength;
step J: the panels are combined with the bottom panel of the building unit.
In the step A, the prefabricated plate also comprises a bottom plate, a post-cast strip for subsequent connection is reserved between the bottom plate and each wall plate, and exposed steel bars are reserved on the post-cast strip of the bottom plate.
And step J, hoisting the top plate and each wall plate connected into a whole to be butted with the prefabricated bottom plate, binding reinforcing steel bars at the post-pouring belt between the bottom plate and each wall plate, and pouring concrete.
And step J, hoisting the top plate and the wall plates connected into a whole to a bottom plate mould of the building unit, binding the reserved exposed reinforcing steel bars at the bottom of the wall plates and the reinforcing steel bars of the bottom plate, and pouring concrete on the bottom plate mould to form the bottom plate of the building unit connected with the wall plates.
In the step B, the die carrier is fixed on the outer sides of two adjacent sides of the bottom platform, two wallboards are fixed on the die carrier, and the other two wallboards are fixed on the bottom platform after the step C.
And in the step B, before the wall panels are fixed, an external wall panel mould is fixed on the mould frame and is positioned at the post-cast strip between the adjacent wall panels.
Preferably, in the step F, the bottom mold is installed on the top of the outer side of the top plate support frame.
Preferably, the width of the post-pouring belt is 300-500 mm.
Preferably, when each wall panel is prefabricated in the step a, a convex edge extending along the direction of the top plate is arranged at the top of each wall panel.
The quick detachable and re-assembled building unit manufacturing method only needs the template at the position of the post-cast strip and does not need to manufacture the mold liner like the traditional manufacturing method, so that the weight of the mold is greatly reduced, the weight of the mold of a set of traditional building unit is about 25 tons, the weight of the mold needed by the manufacturing method of the invention is about only 10 tons, and products with the length and the width less than or equal to that of the bottom platform can share one set of mold, but the mold of the traditional manufacturing method is difficult to realize, thereby being beneficial to greatly reducing the manufacturing cost of the mold; in addition, each plate such as the roof of building unit, each face wallboard all make out with the plane mould separately with the way of similar floor board respectively, and product quality also controls easily like this, can reduce the error, and the quality of whole building unit can all be improved, and wallboard and roof are assembled simply on the die carrier in addition, and later stage form removal is also very convenient and fast.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the prefabricated building unit;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the disassembly of the blocks of the prefabricated building unit in step 1 of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of step 2 of the method of fabricating a quick demountable rebuilt assembled composite building unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of step 3 of the method of fabricating a quick demountable rebuilt assembled composite building unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of step 4 of the method of fabricating a quick demountable rebuilt assembled composite building unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of step 5 of the method of fabricating a quick demountable rebuilt assembled composite building unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of step 6 of the method of fabricating a quick demountable rebuilt assembled composite building unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of step 7 of the method of making a quick demountable rebuilt assembled composite building unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of step 8 of the method of making a quick demountable rebuilt assembled composite building unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of step 9 of the method of making a quick demountable rebuilt assembled composite building unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a method step 10 of fabricating a quick demountable rebuilt assembled composite building unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic illustration of step 11 of the method of making a quick demountable rebuilt composite building unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of step 12 of the method for manufacturing a quick removable and reconfigurable composite building unit according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The prefabricated building units manufactured by the method for manufacturing the quick detachable and re-assembled combined building units can be in various specifications and models, wherein the most common prefabricated building units are hexahedrons as shown in figure 1 and comprise a top plate, a bottom plate and four-side wall plates, wherein two side wall plates are arranged along the length direction of the building units, the other two side wall plates are arranged along the width direction of the building units, and door openings or window openings can be further arranged on the wall plates. The method of making the present invention will now be described by way of example of such a hexahedral prefabricated building unit.
In one embodiment, the method of the present invention comprises the steps of splitting the building unit design into a plurality of blocks as shown in fig. 2, reserving post-cast strips and exposed steel bars between adjacent blocks for subsequent connection, prefabricating each block separately, and connecting the prefabricated blocks at the post-cast strips by steel bars and cast-in-place concrete on a mold to finally form the building unit. The panel comprises a top panel 1 and wall panels 2 and may also comprise a bottom panel 3. In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, a roof post-cast strip 11 is reserved between the roof 1 and each wall panel 2, and the roof post-cast strip 11 is located at the periphery of the roof 1 and is located on the same plane as the roof 1. Between the adjacent wall panels 2, a wall panel post-cast strip 21 is reserved, and the wall panel post-cast strip 21 is positioned on both sides of the two wall panels 2 arranged in the width direction. A bottom plate post-cast strip 31 is reserved between each wall plate 2 and the bottom plate 3, and the bottom plate post-cast strip 31 is positioned on the periphery of the bottom plate 3 and is positioned on the same plane with the bottom plate 3. Thus, the length and width of the top and bottom panels 1, 3 are each less than the length and width of the building unit, respectively, and the length of the width-wise two-sided wall panels 2 is also less than the width of the building unit. And reserved exposed steel bars 8 are arranged at the post-cast strip positions and the bottoms of the wallboards of the top plate 1, the wallboards 2 and the bottom plate 3 for subsequent connection. The widths of the top plate post-cast strip 11, the wallboard post-cast strip 21 and the bottom plate post-cast strip 31 are 300-500 mm, and 400 mm is taken in the embodiment.
According to the method for splitting the building unit, the method for manufacturing the quick detachable and re-assembled building unit comprises the following steps:
step 1: each plate of the building unit is prefabricated separately and comprises a top plate 1, four wall plates 2 and a bottom plate 3 shown in figure 2, and exposed steel bars 8 are reserved at the joints of the plates and the post-cast strip.
Step 2: as shown in fig. 3, a formwork 5 is fixed to the outside of one long side and one short side of one rectangular base 4, and an outer mold 61 of the wallboard at the position of the wallboard post-cast strip 21 is fixedly installed on the formwork 5.
And step 3: as shown in fig. 4, the prefabricated wall panel 2 having one longitudinal side and one width side are respectively installed at the positions of the bottom frame 4 where the wall panel 2 is connected to the formwork 5, and the wall panel 2 and the formwork 5 are fixedly connected by means of bolts or the like.
And 4, step 4: as shown in fig. 5, a top plate support bracket 71 is mounted at a suitable position of the base table 4.
And 5: as shown in fig. 6, the other longitudinal wall panel 2 and the other width wall panel 2 are respectively mounted on the base frame 4, and the two wall panels 2 can be temporarily fixed to the base frame 4 by diagonal braces 72, connecting angle members, and the like.
Step 6: as shown in fig. 7, the mold frame 5 is fixedly attached to the other long outer side of the base 4.
And 7: as shown in fig. 8, reinforcing bars are tied at the wallboard post-cast strip 21 between the adjacent wallboards 2, and the wallboard inner formwork 62 and the remaining wallboard outer formwork 61 except the wallboard outer formwork 61 described in step 2 are installed at these wallboard post-cast strips 21.
And 8: as shown in fig. 9, a bottom mold 63 at the position of the top plate post-cast strip 11 is installed and leveled, the bottom mold 63 can be installed on the top of the outer side of the top plate support frame, a plastic plate with the thickness of 20 mm can be adopted on the top of the bottom mold 63, and a wood square with the thickness of 100 x 50 mm is used as the bottom for support.
And step 9: as shown in fig. 10, the prefabricated roof 1 is installed on the roof support bracket 71, and reinforcing steel bars are bound at the roof post-cast strip 11.
Step 10: as shown in fig. 11, concrete is poured at the wallboard post-cast strip 21 and at the roof post-cast strip 11.
Step 11: as shown in fig. 12, after the concrete poured in step 10 has reached a sufficient strength, the external wall panel formwork 61, the internal wall panel formwork 62 and the bottom formwork 63 are removed, the connecting members of the wall panel 2, the bottom table 4, the formwork 5 and the like are removed, the top panel 1 and the four wall panels 2 connected into a whole are lifted and butted with the prefabricated bottom panel 3, and reinforcing steel bars are bound at the bottom panel post-cast strip 31 between the periphery of the bottom panel 3 and the wall panel 2.
Step 12: and pouring concrete at the position of the bottom plate post-pouring strip 31, and finishing the manufacturing of the prefabricated building unit after the concrete reaches enough strength.
In the step 1, the top plate 1 and the four wall plates 2 which are connected into a whole are hoisted to the bottom plate mould, the reserved exposed steel bars 8 at the bottom of the wall plates 2 and the bottom plate steel bars are bound, and then concrete is poured on the bottom plate mould to form the cast-in-place bottom plate 3 of the building unit connected with the wall plates 2.
In addition, it should be noted that the above manufacturing method only describes the steps included in the present embodiment, but the sequence of the steps is not limited, and the sequence of some of the steps may be properly adjusted or some of the steps may be performed simultaneously according to actual situations such as manual work, materials, and the like in a construction site.
The bottom platform 4 in the above steps is formed by fixedly arranging steel plates on the top of a frame formed by fixedly connecting longitudinal and transverse steel sections, the length and the width of the bottom platform 4 are respectively greater than or equal to those of a building unit, the length of the difference between the length and the width can be used for reserving parts such as an installation mold and an inclined strut, and the building units with the length and the width less than or equal to those of the bottom platform 4 can share one set of mold. In order to facilitate the manufacture of the building unit, mounting screw holes, nuts, and the like may be provided in advance at appropriate positions of the base 4, so that the top plate support frame 71, the diagonal brace 72, and the like may be mounted conveniently, and a connecting member may be provided in advance around the base 4 for connection with the formwork 5 and the like.
Preferably, the top of the formwork 5 can be further provided with a working platform 51, the outer side of the formwork 5 can be further provided with a stair 52 leading to the working platform 51, and the height of the working platform 51 is slightly higher than that of the top of the wallboard 2 when the wallboard is installed on the bottom platform 4, so that workers can conveniently perform operations of binding steel bars, pouring concrete and the like on the top plate of the building unit.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 2, when each wall panel 2 is prefabricated in step 1, a convex edge 22 extending along the direction of the top plate 1 is further provided at the top of each wall panel 2, and the arrangement of the convex edge 22 can facilitate installation of a bottom mold at the top plate post-cast strip 11 and is beneficial to preventing leakage when concrete is poured at the top plate post-cast strip 11.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, but rather as the invention is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements falling within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for manufacturing a quick detachable and re-built combined building unit, comprising the following steps:
step A: respectively and independently prefabricating each plate of the building unit, wherein each plate comprises a top plate and each wall plate, post-pouring belts for subsequent connection are reserved between the top plate and each wall plate and between adjacent wall plates, and exposed reinforcing steel bars are reserved at the post-pouring belts and the bottoms of the wall plates;
and B: mounting the prefabricated wallboard on a bottom platform, and connecting and fixing the prefabricated wallboard with a die carrier fixed on the outer side of the bottom platform;
and C: installing a top plate support frame on the bottom table;
step D: binding steel bars at the post-cast strip between the adjacent wallboards;
step E: installing an external wallboard die and an internal wallboard die at a post-cast strip between adjacent wallboards;
step F: mounting a bottom die at the post-pouring strip between the top plate and the wallboard;
step G: mounting a prefabricated top plate on the top plate support frame, and binding steel bars at a post-pouring strip between the top plate and the wall plate;
step H: pouring concrete at post-cast strips between adjacent wallboards and between the top plate and the wallboards;
step I: d, removing the wallboard outer die, the wallboard inner die and the bottom die after the concrete poured in the step H reaches enough strength;
step J: the panels are combined with the bottom panel of the building unit.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the prefabricated panels in step a further comprise a bottom plate, a post-cast strip is reserved between the bottom plate and each wall panel for subsequent connection, and exposed steel bars are reserved on the bottom plate at the post-cast strip.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein step J includes lifting the integrally connected roof and wall panels into abutment with the prefabricated floor, and placing concrete after reinforcement is applied to the post-cast strip between the floor and wall panels.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein step J includes the steps of lifting the integrally connected top and side panels onto a bottom panel mold of the building unit, tying the exposed reinforcing members of the bottom of the wall panels to the reinforcing members of the bottom panel, and pouring concrete onto the bottom panel mold to form the bottom panel of the building unit connected to the side panels.
5. A method for making a quick release and re-assembly building unit according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein in step B, formwork is secured to the outside of adjacent sides of the base structure, two of the panels are secured to the formwork, and the other two panels are secured to the base structure after step C.
6. The method of making a quick disconnect re-build composite building unit of claim 5, wherein in step B, an exterior wallboard form is secured to the formwork at the post-cast strip between adjacent wallboard prior to securing the wallboard.
7. The method of fabricating a quick demountable re-building composite building unit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said bottom form is mounted on top of the outer side of said roof support frame in said step F.
8. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the post-cast strip has a width of 300-500 mm.
9. The method for making a quick detachable and re-assemblable building unit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein when each wall panel is prefabricated in step A, a convex edge extending in the direction of the top plate is provided on the top of each wall panel.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011285125.5A CN112359962A (en) | 2020-11-17 | 2020-11-17 | Method for manufacturing quick detachable and re-built assembled building unit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011285125.5A CN112359962A (en) | 2020-11-17 | 2020-11-17 | Method for manufacturing quick detachable and re-built assembled building unit |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN112359962A true CN112359962A (en) | 2021-02-12 |
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| CN202011285125.5A Pending CN112359962A (en) | 2020-11-17 | 2020-11-17 | Method for manufacturing quick detachable and re-built assembled building unit |
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| CN (1) | CN112359962A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114215393A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-03-22 | 中建海龙科技有限公司 | Prefabricated toilet with rear-mounted top plate and construction method thereof |
| CN114215394A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-03-22 | 中建海龙科技有限公司 | Prefabricated toilet and construction method thereof |
| CN114263297A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-04-01 | 中建海龙科技有限公司 | Prefabricated toilet box mold and construction method thereof |
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| CN109057039A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2018-12-21 | 有利华建材(惠州)有限公司 | A kind of assembling synthesis building and its construction method |
| CN110565987A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2019-12-13 | 天津城建大学 | prefabricated assembled high-rise dwelling cylinder formwork multi-ribbed prestressed floor structure system |
| KR20200112052A (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2020-10-05 | 주식회사 태영피씨엠 | Precast wall reinforced with built-in pressure resistance |
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| CN103276891A (en) * | 2013-06-08 | 2013-09-04 | 广东台澳特种铝材有限公司 | Aluminum template system for building |
| CN106285051A (en) * | 2015-05-11 | 2017-01-04 | 有利华建筑预制件有限公司 | A kind of prefabricated toilet and construction thereof and installation method |
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| CN114215393A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-03-22 | 中建海龙科技有限公司 | Prefabricated toilet with rear-mounted top plate and construction method thereof |
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| CN114263297A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-04-01 | 中建海龙科技有限公司 | Prefabricated toilet box mold and construction method thereof |
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| CN114215393B (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2023-09-12 | 中建海龙科技有限公司 | Prefabricated toilet with rear top plate and construction method thereof |
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