CN112355581B - Method for removing burrs of casing - Google Patents
Method for removing burrs of casing Download PDFInfo
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- CN112355581B CN112355581B CN202011180598.9A CN202011180598A CN112355581B CN 112355581 B CN112355581 B CN 112355581B CN 202011180598 A CN202011180598 A CN 202011180598A CN 112355581 B CN112355581 B CN 112355581B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for removing burrs of a casing, which comprises the following steps: removing the reverse side burrs of the mounting side through hole, extending a numerical control cutter with a reverse side cutting edge into the bottom of the mounting side through hole of the cartridge receiver, and performing reverse side boring to remove the reverse side burrs of the mounting side through hole; removing burrs on the blade tip of the blade, and moving the blade tip for a circle along the three-dimensional track of the blade tip of the blade axially distributed on the outer circumferential surface of the casing diffuser by adopting a chamfering tool so as to remove the burrs on the blade tip of the blade; removing burrs at an orifice of the excircle of the part, and performing point-contact milling on the orifice on the excircle of the casing part by using a ball-end milling cutter to remove the burrs at the orifice of the excircle of the part; and removing burrs on the machined surface and the blank surface of the part, and milling the machined surface and the blank surface of the casing part by adopting a cutter with a flexible swinging head and a floating cutter handle so as to remove the burrs on the machined surface and the blank surface of the part. According to the method for removing the burrs of the casing, different removing methods are adopted for the burrs in different areas, and the efficiency is improved by over 80%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of casing machining, in particular to a method for removing burrs of a casing.
Background
The performance requirements of the new generation of aircraft engines are higher and higher, the hardness strength of engine materials is also higher and higher, the high-temperature alloy is widely applied to casing parts of the engines, the hardness strength of the high-temperature alloy is high, the machining performance is poor, the cutting resistance is large, vibration is easily generated in the machining process to cause rapid abrasion of a numerical control cutter, the abraded numerical control cutter enables the parts not to easily fall off chips, and very thick burrs are left on the machined surfaces of the parts. The cartridge receiver part has a complex structure, burrs at each part are not easy to remove, for example, burrs at the back of an installation side hole, and milling force of a drill bit and a boring cutter is downward during hole processing, so that the burrs at the back of the hole are often more and thicker than those at the front, and the burrs cannot be processed because the burrs are positioned at the back of a part processing surface. The orifice on the circumference of the part cannot be machined into a uniform chamfer by a common chamfer cutter because the orifice and the outer cylinder of the part form a intersecting line. The burrs between the machined surface and the non-machined surface generally appear on a cast high-temperature alloy case, a plurality of parts of the cast high-temperature alloy case are directly cast and formed without mechanical machining, most of molded surfaces on parts are directly milled on a blank surface, thick burrs can be generated between the machined surface and the blank surface, and the blank surface has large tolerance which can reach +/-2 mm, and numerical control machining must operate a cutter track according to the actual position of a numerical control program, so the burrs cannot be uniformly removed under the condition of large size deviation of a blank under the numerical control machining. And manual removal consumes a large amount of manpower and material resources. Burrs generated by machining of a cast high-temperature alloy casing of a company at present are manually removed by a fitter, the hardness of a cast high-temperature alloy material reaches HRC45 and is equivalent to that of a file, the commonly used file is difficult to remove the burrs, the fitter can only use an air gun to install a grinding wheel to polish and remove the burrs, the allowance of manually polishing and removing the burrs is uneven, and the machined surface of a part can be damaged due to misoperation, slipping and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for removing burrs of a casing, which aims to solve the technical problems that the burrs of a high-temperature alloy machine are difficult to remove, and particularly the burrs between a machined surface and a non-machined surface are difficult to remove.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for removing burrs of a machine case comprises the following steps:
removing burrs on the back side of the through hole of the mounting edge: a numerical control cutter with a reverse cutting edge is extended into the bottom of the through hole of the mounting edge of the casing, and reverse boring is carried out to remove reverse burrs of the through hole of the mounting edge;
removing burrs of blade tips: a chamfering tool is adopted to run for a circle along the three-dimensional track of the blade tips of the blades axially distributed on the outer circumferential surface of the casing diffuser so as to remove burrs on the blade tips;
removing burrs at an orifice of an excircle of a part: carrying out point contact type milling processing on an orifice on the excircle of the casing part by adopting a ball-end milling cutter to remove burrs on the orifice of the excircle of the part;
removing burrs on the machined surface and the blank surface of the part: milling sharp-edge chamfers on the outline of a part, milling a machining surface and a blank surface of a case part by adopting a cutter with a flexible swinging head and a floating cutter handle, selecting a vertex angle and a helical angle of the flexible swinging head which are matched according to the material of the case part to be machined, determining the resilience force of the floating cutter handle, determining the tool compensation value, the milling linear speed and the feeding amount of the cutter, feeding the cutter to contact the part along the axial direction of the part to be machined, deviating the machining track of the cutter along the outline of the part and towards the direction close to the part, and retreating the cutter after milling the outline of the part for one circle to remove burrs on the machining surface and the blank surface of the part.
Furthermore, the depth of the sharp edge chamfer is 0.1 mm-0.3 mm.
Further, the offset distance is 0.7mm to 1 mm.
Furthermore, the vertex angle of the flexible swinging head is 65-80 degrees; the helical angle of the flexible swing head is 0-15 degrees; the resilience of the floating knife handle is 15N-25N.
Furthermore, the milling linear speed is 15 m/min-25 m/min; the feeding amount is 120 mm/min-220 mm/min.
Further, casting high-temperature alloy, wherein the vertex angle of a flexible swinging head of a cutter is 65 degrees, the helix angle of the flexible swinging head is 0 degree, the resilience force of the floating cutter handle is 25N, the milling linear speed is 15m/min, and the feeding amount is 120 mm/min; forging high-temperature alloy, wherein the vertex angle of a flexible swinging head of a cutter is 70 degrees, the helix angle of the flexible swinging head is 5 degrees, the resilience of a floating cutter handle is 22N, the milling linear velocity is 16m/min, and the feeding amount is 150 mm/min; the top angle of a flexible swinging head of a selected cutter is 75 degrees, the spiral angle of the flexible swinging head is 10 degrees, the resilience force of a floating cutter handle is 20N, the milling linear velocity is 20m/min, and the feeding amount is 200 mm/min; the top angle of a flexible swinging head of a selected cutter is 80 degrees, the spiral angle of the flexible swinging head is 15 degrees, the resilience of a floating cutter handle is 17N, the milling linear velocity is 22m/min, and the feeding amount is 220 mm/min.
Further, the chamfer cutter in the blade tip burr removal of the blade adopts a single-side 45-degree chamfer cutter.
Further, the unilateral 45-degree chamfer cutter is installed on the horizontal four-axis numerical control machine tool.
Further, before the horizontal four-axis numerical control machine tool runs, the diameter phi 6mm of the chamfering tool is taken from the tool setting gauge, the length tool compensation value of the chamfering tool is obtained, the length tool compensation value of the chamfering tool is input into the horizontal four-axis numerical control machine tool system, and then the horizontal four-axis numerical control machine tool runs.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method for removing the burrs of the casing is used for removing the burrs on the reverse side of the through hole of the mounting edge, the blade tip, the orifice of the excircle of the part, the processing surface of the part and the blank surface, and different removing methods are adopted aiming at the burrs in different areas to replace the traditional manual processing so as to meet the design requirement of the high-temperature alloy casing, and compared with the manual processing, the efficiency is improved by more than 80%. Milling the burrs between the processing surface and the blank surface by adopting the cutter with the flexible swinging head and the floating cutter handle, wherein the cutter can change along with the position change of the part blank, the phenomenon that the blank surface is more milled and the blank surface is less milled can be avoided, and the processing surface of the part and the burrs of the blank surface can be automatically avoided along with the milling force. Different cutters are selected and matched with corresponding running paths, burrs are removed from different parts of the casing in a targeted mode, so that mechanical machining replaces manual machining, the burr removal efficiency of the casing is improved, and the obtained casing meets the requirements for size and precision.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a tool of the present invention having a flexible wobble head and a floating tool shank;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the tool of the present invention having a flexible wobble head and a floating shank to deburr the machined and blank surfaces of a part;
FIG. 3 is a different specification for the tool of the present invention having a flexible wobble head and a floating shank;
FIG. 4 is a burr removal process of the present invention using a tip angle and a helix angle with greater flexibility;
FIG. 5 is a burr removal process of the present invention using a tip angle and a helix angle with less flexibility;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the reverse side burr of the through hole of the mounting edge of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the back boring tool of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of the present invention for the reverse side burr removal process of the through hole of the mounting edge;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a single-sided 45 degree chamfer cutter of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of the chamfering tool of the present invention removing the tip burr of the blade;
FIG. 11 is a graph illustrating the effect of the present invention after deburring the blade tip;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a port on the outer circumference of a casing part of the present invention intersecting the outer circumference of the part;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a ball nose mill of the present invention removing burrs from the outer circular orifice of a part; and
FIG. 14 shows the effect of the invention after the deburring of the excircle orifice.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a tool of the present invention having a flexible wobble head and a floating tool shank; FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the tool of the present invention having a flexible wobble head and a floating shank to deburr the machined and blank surfaces of a part; FIG. 3 is a different specification for the tool of the present invention having a flexible wobble head and a floating shank; FIG. 4 is a burr removal process of the present invention using a tip angle and a helix angle with greater flexibility; FIG. 5 is a burr removal process of the present invention using a tip angle and a helix angle with less flexibility; FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the reverse side burr of the through hole of the mounting edge of the present invention; FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the back boring tool of the present invention; FIG. 8 is a flow chart of the present invention for the reverse side burr removal process of the through hole of the mounting edge; FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a single-sided 45 degree chamfer cutter of the present invention; FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of the chamfering tool of the present invention removing the tip burr of the blade; FIG. 11 is a graph illustrating the effect of the present invention after deburring the blade tip; FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a port on the outer circumference of a casing part of the present invention intersecting the outer circumference of the part; FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a ball nose mill of the present invention removing burrs from the outer circular orifice of a part; FIG. 14 shows the effect of the invention after the deburring of the excircle orifice.
The method for removing burrs of the casing of the embodiment comprises the following steps of: removing burrs on the back side of the through hole of the mounting edge: a numerical control cutter with a reverse cutting edge is extended into the bottom of the through hole of the mounting edge of the casing, and reverse boring is carried out to remove reverse burrs of the through hole of the mounting edge; removing burrs of blade tips: a chamfering tool is adopted to run for a circle along the three-dimensional track of the blade tips of the blades axially distributed on the outer circumferential surface of the casing diffuser so as to remove burrs on the blade tips; removing burrs at an orifice of an excircle of a part: carrying out point contact type milling processing on an orifice on the excircle of the casing part by adopting a ball-end milling cutter to remove burrs on the orifice of the excircle of the part; removing burrs on the machined surface and the blank surface of the part: milling sharp-edge chamfers on the outline of a part, milling a machining surface and a blank surface of a case part by adopting a cutter with a flexible swinging head and a floating cutter handle, selecting a vertex angle and a helical angle of the flexible swinging head which are matched according to the material of the case part to be machined, determining the resilience force of the floating cutter handle, determining the tool compensation value, the milling linear speed and the feeding amount of the cutter, feeding the cutter to contact the part along the axial direction of the part to be machined, deviating the machining track of the cutter along the outline of the part and towards the direction close to the part, and retreating the cutter after milling the outline of the part for one circle to remove burrs on the machining surface and the blank surface of the part. The method for removing the burrs of the casing is used for removing the burrs on the reverse side of the through hole of the mounting edge, the blade tip, the orifice of the excircle of the part, the processing surface of the part and the blank surface, and different removing methods are adopted aiming at the burrs in different areas to replace the traditional manual processing so as to meet the design requirement of the high-temperature alloy casing, and compared with the manual processing, the efficiency is improved by more than 80%. Milling the burrs between the processing surface and the blank surface by adopting the cutter with the flexible swinging head and the floating cutter handle, wherein the cutter can change along with the position change of the part blank, the phenomenon that the blank surface is more milled and the blank surface is less milled can be avoided, and the processing surface of the part and the burrs of the blank surface can be automatically avoided along with the milling force. Different cutters are selected and matched with corresponding running paths, burrs are removed from different parts of the casing in a targeted mode, so that mechanical machining replaces manual machining, the burr removal efficiency of the casing is improved, and the obtained casing meets the requirements for size and precision.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the burrs of the machined surface and the blank surface of the part are removed, and the machined surface and the blank surface of the casing part are milled by using a tool with a flexible swing head and a floating tool shank, so that the burrs of the machined surface and the blank surface of the part are removed. Burrs between a machined surface and a non-machined surface generally appear on a cast high-temperature alloy case, a plurality of parts of the cast high-temperature alloy case are directly cast and formed without mechanical machining, most of molded surfaces on parts are directly milled on a blank surface, thick burrs can be generated between the machined surface and the blank surface, and the blank surface has large tolerance which can reach +/-2 mm, and numerical control machining must operate a tool track according to the actual position of a numerical control program, so that the burrs cannot be uniformly removed under the condition of numerical control milling of large size deviation of a blank.
According to the method for removing the burrs on the machined surface and the blank surface of the part, as the tolerance of the blank surface of the part is large and the deviation is 2mm, the numerical control machining must operate the tool track according to the actual position of a numerical control program, so that the burrs are removed by the numerical control machining under the condition that the size deviation of the blank is large, and the uniform chamfer can be machined between the machined surface and the blank surface only if the numerical control tool changes according to the actual allowance change of the blank. The cutter with the flexible swinging head and the floating cutter handle is used for milling burrs between a machining surface and a blank surface, the cutter can change along with the position change of a part blank, the phenomenon that the blank surface is more milled and the blank surface is less milled can be avoided, and the cutter can automatically avoid along with the milling force.
In this embodiment, the depth of the sharp edge chamfer is 0.1mm to 0.3 mm. According to the processing method for removing the burrs on the processing surface and the blank surface of the part, in order to avoid the sharp edges and corners formed by exposing the part, the chamfer angle of 0.1-0.3 mm is milled at the edge and corner of the outline of the part, and the burr removing difficulty of the processing surface and the blank surface is increased due to the sharp edge chamfer.
In this embodiment, the offset distance is 0.7mm to 1 mm. Under the condition that the length of the floating tool holder is determined, the swing angle of the floating tool holder is about +/-3 degrees, the machining track of the tool deviates along the outer contour of the part and the direction close to the part, the designed deviation distance is 0.7-1 mm, and the complete removal of burrs on the machined surface and the blank surface is realized according to the resilience force of the floating tool holder.
As shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, in the present embodiment, the vertex angle of the flexible pendulum head is 65 ° to 80 °. The helical angle of the flexible swinging head is 0-15 degrees. The resilience of the floating knife handle is 15N-25N. The milling linear speed is 15 m/min-25 m/min; the feeding amount is 120 mm/min-220 mm/min. The processing method for removing the burrs on the machined surface and the blank surface of the part is characterized in that repeated test research shows that the selection of the vertex angle and the spiral angle of the flexible swinging head of the cutter is the key for determining the burr removing effect, the swinging angle of the movable cutter handle is about +/-3 degrees under the condition that the length of the floating cutter handle is determined in the machining process, materials which are difficult to machine are machined by the vertex angle and the spiral angle of the flexible swinging head of the cutter with larger size, and when the allowance of the blank surface of the part is suddenly increased, the cutter can climb onto the surface of the part along the sharp edge of the part due to overlarge stress, so that the surface of the part is damaged. The rebound force of the floating tool shank needs to be adjusted according to different materials of the part, the cutting force of the material with higher hardness is larger, the rebound force of the corresponding tool floating tool shank needs to be adjusted to be larger, and otherwise, the part cannot be cut into. When materials which are difficult to process are processed, the tool vertex angle and the 0-degree spiral angle of the small flexible swinging head can be adopted, but the elastic force of the floating tool shank needs to be adjusted to be larger, when the tool is stressed suddenly and increased, the tool cannot climb onto the surface of a part, and the part is prevented from being damaged. Therefore, the vertex angle, the helix angle and the resilience are coordinated with each other to deburr the machined surface and the blank surface of the part.
The linear speed and the feeding parameters are also selected according to the material hardness of the part, the size of the sharp-edge chamfer of the part is determined by different cutting quantities, the floating tool shank is machined by utilizing the elasticity of the tool shank, and when the cutting feeding speed is lower during deburring, the burr edge machining time is longer, and the sharp-edge chamfer is larger. The cutting amount is determined according to the material and the rigidity of the sharp-edge chamfer milling cutter, the material has high hardness, the rigidity is good, and higher cutting amount can be used, otherwise, the cutting amount is lower. Burrs between the processing surface and the blank surface are removed through the floating tool shank, the floating tool shank can change along with the change of the appearance of the part, and uniform chamfers are processed on the periphery of the part.
As shown in fig. 3, in the embodiment, for casting the high-temperature alloy, the vertex angle of the flexible swinging head of the tool is 65 degrees, the helix angle of the flexible swinging head is 0 degree, the resilience of the floating tool shank is 25N, the milling linear velocity is 15m/min, and the feeding amount is 120 mm/min; forging high-temperature alloy, wherein the vertex angle of a flexible swinging head of a cutter is 70 degrees, the helix angle of the flexible swinging head is 5 degrees, the resilience of a floating cutter handle is 22N, the milling linear velocity is 16m/min, and the feeding amount is 150 mm/min; the top angle of a flexible swinging head of a selected cutter is 75 degrees, the spiral angle of the flexible swinging head is 10 degrees, the resilience force of a floating cutter handle is 20N, the milling linear velocity is 20m/min, and the feeding amount is 200 mm/min; the top angle of a flexible swinging head of a selected cutter is 80 degrees, the spiral angle of the flexible swinging head is 15 degrees, the resilience of a floating cutter handle is 17N, the milling linear velocity is 22m/min, and the feeding amount is 220 mm/min. Through a large number of experiments in the early stage, different cutter specifications and cutting parameters are selected according to different material optimization. Preferably, the high-temperature alloy is cast, the vertex angle of a flexible swinging head of a cutter is 65 degrees (32.5 degrees multiplied by 2), the helix angle of the flexible swinging head is 0 degree, the resilience force of a floating cutter handle is 25N, the milling linear velocity is 15m/min, and the feeding amount is 120 mm/min. Preferably, the cast superalloy is K4619. Forging the high-temperature alloy, wherein the vertex angle of a flexible swinging head of a cutter is 70 degrees (35 degrees multiplied by 2), the helical angle of the flexible swinging head is 5 degrees, the resilience of a floating cutter handle is 22N, the milling linear velocity is 16m/min, and the feeding amount is 150 mm/min. Preferably, the wrought superalloy is GH 4169. The top angle of a flexible swinging head of a cutter is 75 degrees (37.5 degrees multiplied by 2), the helical angle of the flexible swinging head is 10 degrees, the resilience of a floating cutter handle is 20N, the milling linear velocity is 20m/min, and the feeding amount is 200 mm/min. Preferably, the stainless steel is OGr 13. The top angle of a flexible swinging head of a selected cutter is 80 degrees (40 degrees multiplied by 2), the helical angle of the flexible swinging head is 15 degrees, the resilience of a floating cutter handle is 17N, the milling linear velocity is 22m/min, and the feeding amount is 220 mm/min. Preferably, the titanium alloy is TC 4.
In this embodiment, a numerically controlled tool with a reverse cutting edge is clearance fitted to the through hole, as shown in fig. 6 and 7. The burr is got rid of to quick-witted casket installation limit through-hole reverse side, and the through-hole all can leave the burr through drill bit processing back positive and negative, and positive burr can directly be got rid of through 45 degrees chamfer swoves, and through-hole reverse side burr often is more and thick than positive burr, need follow the through-hole reverse side from down up processing, requires that the numerical control cutter reverse side has the cutting edge, owing to be the chamfer burring, so the main declination of the numerical control cutter of reverse side cutting edge is 45 degrees to satisfy the getting rid of reverse side burr. Preferably, the clearance between the numerical control cutter and the through hole is 0.1 mm-0.3 mm. Above-mentioned numerical control cutter and through-hole clearance fit to make the numerical control cutter enter into through-hole to its bottom, thereby realize getting rid of through-hole reverse side burr, because the through-hole has certain degree of depth, the cutter arbor of corresponding numerical control cutter is longer, and in the course of working, the cutter arbor rotates and probably takes place the swing and gets rid of the effect in order to influence the burr, consequently designs the clearance of numerical control cutter and through-hole and is 0.1mm ~ 0.3mm, prevents the cutter arbor swing. Preferably, the numerical control tool with the reverse cutting edge adopts a back boring tool with a main deflection angle of 45 degrees. And the back boring cutter realizes boring processing from bottom to top. In the step of removing the reverse side burrs of the mounting side through hole, the reverse side burrs of the mounting side through hole are removed from bottom to top by extending the back boring cutter into the bottom of the through hole, so that the defect that a common cutter cannot penetrate into the through hole to be machined is overcome. The back boring cutter realizes the removal of the reverse side burrs of the through hole of the mounting edge through clearance fit with the through hole, directional deviation of the main shaft and the like.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the radial maximum dimension D of the numerical control tool having the reverse cutting edge is smaller than the aperture dimension D of the through hole, and when the numerical control tool rotates in the through hole, the distance L from the rotation center to the nose is larger than the radius D/2 of the through hole. In order to ensure that the numerical control cutter can pass through the through hole and reach the bottom of the through hole in a stop state, the radial maximum dimension D (namely the distance D between the cutter point and the back of the cutter bar) of the numerical control cutter of the cutting edge on the back side must be smaller than the aperture dimension D of the through hole, the numerical control cutter can extend into the bottom of the small hole from the hole opening, in order to ensure that the numerical control cutter can process burrs after rotating, the distance L between the rotation center of the numerical control cutter and the cutter point needs to be larger than the radius D/2 of the through hole, so that the rotation center of the numerical control cutter and the center of the through hole are on the same axis, and then back side boring is carried out to remove the burrs.
In this embodiment, the reverse offset of the tool bar to the tool tip is L-D/2-x. The direction deviation value of the cutter bar to the cutter point is L-D/2-x.
As shown in fig. 8, in this embodiment, the removing of the burrs on the reverse side of the through hole of the mounting edge specifically includes the following steps:
when the numerical control cutter moves downwards in the through hole, the cutter point is in clearance fit with the through hole, the clearance is 0.1mm, the cutter point is prevented from contacting the inner wall of the through hole, and the numerical control cutter is not concentric with the through hole;
the numerical control cutter descends to the bottom of the through hole along the straight line of the through hole to a position 2mm lower than the bottom of the through hole;
the cutter bar deviates towards the direction of the cutter point, and the deviation value of the cutter bar towards the direction of the cutter point is L-D/2-0.1 so that the rotation center of the numerical control cutter is concentric with the through hole;
rotating the numerical control cutter, feeding upwards, and removing burrs on the reverse side of the through hole of the mounting edge;
the numerical control cutter retreats downwards by 2 mm;
the numerical control cutter stops rotating in a directional mode, the cutter bar deviates L-D/2-0.1 in the direction opposite to the cutter point, and the cutter point is guaranteed to be in clearance fit with the through hole;
and the numerical control cutter retreats upwards along the through hole and retreats from the through hole.
As shown in fig. 9, 10 and 11, in the present embodiment, the single-edge 45-degree chamfer cutter is used as the chamfer cutter in the blade tip burr removal. The single-side 45-degree chamfering tool is installed on a horizontal four-axis numerical control machine tool. The diffuser body is peripheral to have 64 axial blades, and the blade apex can leave the round burr behind the profile finish machining blade top, and the work load that the air gun was got rid of the burr for the pincers worker is great, needs about 3h usually, and pincers worker manual operation dynamics control is inhomogeneous, and every batch has individual part to damage the apex when the burring. A single-side 45-degree chamfering cutter is adopted. Preferably, the single-edge 45-degree alloy chamfering tool. The chamfering tool is installed on a horizontal four-axis numerical control machine tool and runs for a circle along the three-dimensional track of the blade tip so as to remove burrs on the blade tip. When the alloy chamfer cutter is adopted, the hardness of the parts is GH4169 and K4169, and the Rockwell hardness reaches 60 degrees. The single edge of 45 degrees is adopted because the burrs are generated by the intersection line of two adjacent surfaces (1 surface and 2 surfaces), and the chamfering tool and the two surfaces are required to form 45 degrees to ensure that the burrs on the two surfaces of the part have the same removing effect (the cutting edge of the chamfering tool is 180 degrees-the burr angle of the part is 90 degrees) ÷ 2-45 degrees.
In this embodiment, before the horizontal four-axis numerical control machine tool runs, the diameter of the chamfer tool is measured to be phi 6mm on the tool setting gauge, the length tool complement value of the chamfer tool is obtained, the length tool complement value of the chamfer tool is input into the horizontal four-axis numerical control machine tool system, and then the horizontal four-axis numerical control machine tool runs. And (3) supplementing the length of the tool at the position with the diameter phi of 6mm on the tool setting gauge, and adopting an alloy chamfering tool with a single side of 45 degrees. Specifically, before the horizontal four-axis numerical control machine tool runs, a length tool compensation value of a chamfering tool is input into a tool compensation column of the numerical control machine tool, the length tool compensation value is input into a system of the horizontal four-axis numerical control machine tool according to the outline of the blade tip, the horizontal four-axis numerical control machine tool runs, an alloy chamfering tool runs for a circle along the outline of the blade tip of a first blade, after burr removal of the blade tip of the first blade is completed, the alloy chamfering tool moves to a second blade, the burr removal path of the blade tip of the first blade is repeated, the alloy chamfering tool winds around a diffuser for a circle until the burr removal of the blade tips of 64 axial blades is completed, all burrs of the blade tips of the blade can be uniformly removed, and the shape of each blade tip is ensured to be consistent, so that the precision of a machine box is provided. Above-mentioned blade after horizontal four-axis digit control machine tool deburring, apex chamfer is even pleasing to the eye, has significantly reduced the pincers worker burring process. Selecting the length of a cutter at the position with the diameter phi of 6 mm: in order to ensure that the numerical control chamfering tool does not generate a tool back-off phenomenon in the burr removing process, the tool has better tool setting rigidity at a position of phi 6mm, and does not interfere with adjacent blades, and the distance between the two adjacent blades is 10 mm. Where phi 6 is in mm.
As shown in fig. 12, 13 and 14, in the present embodiment, the hole diameter of the outer circular hole is 10mm to 50 mm. Usually, an orifice on the excircle of the casing part and the excircle of the part form a intersecting line which is not on the same plane and is a space curve, through calculation, a small hole with the diameter of 6mm is intersected with the excircle of the part with the diameter of 200mm, the difference between the high point and the low point of the orifice intersecting line is smaller and is within 0.1mm, and the chamfering tolerance is usually plus or minus 0.2 mm. Therefore, when the hole diameter of the outer circle orifice is less than phi 10mm, the chamfer cutter can be adopted for processing. The small hole chamfer on the outer cylindrical surface of the phi 200mm part can be similar to a plane chamfer, the chamfer cutter is used for feeding in the Z direction at the center of the hole, the orifice chamfer is directly carried out, and the Z direction can be treated as the plane chamfer, wherein the Z direction is the direction which is consistent with the axis of the cutter and is parallel to the axis. Here, units of φ 10 to φ 50 are mm.
When a hole with the diameter of phi 10 mm-phi 50mm penetrates through a cylinder with the diameter of phi 200mm, an intersecting line can be generated on a cylindrical surface with the diameter of phi 200mm, the larger hole with the diameter of phi 50mm is intersected with the excircle of a part with the diameter of phi 200mm, the difference between the height points of the intersecting line of an orifice is larger, the intersecting line is a spatial curve, the height difference of the intersecting line reaches 0.3 mm-5 mm, a numerical control chamfering tool must be processed along the spatial position of the intersecting line X, Y, Z, if the processing is carried out according to the agreed height, the chamfer angles of the orifices can be different in size, the middle part of the intersecting line is high, the chamfer angle can be large, the positions of two sides are low, and the chamfer angle can be small; on the contrary, the excircle of the part with the eccentric hole phi 10mm and the excircle of the part with the eccentric hole phi 200mm are intersected, the difference between the height points of the intersecting lines of the orifices is small, although the intersecting lines are a spatial curve, the height difference of the intersecting lines reaches 0.01 mm-0.1 mm, and the height difference can be ignored when the orifices with the eccentric hole phi 10mm are chamfered. . Because the difference between the center of the orifice of the large hole with the diameter of phi 10 mm-phi 50mm and the height of the side surface is large, the chamfering tool cannot be processed in place at one time, and uniform chamfers cannot be processed. Because the hole is a concave curve and is flat by using a universal rod milling cutter, the intersecting line of the processed hole cannot be subjected to point contact processing, and the flat bottom can generate interference, so that the processing cannot be realized.
In this embodiment, the ball end mill performs point contact milling along the concave curved surface of the hole. The ball end milling cutter is different from a rod milling cutter, the tool nose of the ball end milling cutter is a point, and any point on the semicircle of the ball end of the cutter is processed by point contact, so that the ball end milling cutter cannot interfere with the curve of the hole. Therefore, when the diameter of the hole for processing the excircle hole is phi 10 mm-phi 50mm, a ball end mill needs to be adopted for milling. Preferably, the ball end mill performs point contact milling along the concave curved surface of the aperture. According to the fact that the hole diameter of the excircle hole opening is large and the concave curve formed by the hole opening is formed, the ball-end milling cutter is machined along the concave curved surface of the hole opening so as to remove burrs and not to interfere the excircle hole opening.
As shown in fig. 13, in the present embodiment, the ball end mill is a 6mm ball end mill. The wall thickness of the periphery and the end face of the part is only 1mm, and the part is a typical thin-wall part and is easy to deform during milling. The milling cutter with the ball head larger has large milling force, and parts are easy to deform; the milling cutter with the smaller ball head has insufficient rigidity and is easy to break, and milling machining is performed by selecting a phi 6mm ball head milling cutter on the basis of controlling milling force and ensuring the cutter durability. A phi 6mm ball end milling cutter is adopted, a lower cutter space is arranged at the position of an orifice, and curve machining can be carried out without interference. The burr removing effect is better. Here, the unit of 6mm is mm. The method for removing the burrs of the casing comprises the following specific steps:
1. installing the special fixture on a numerical control machine tool, setting the positioning center of the alignment fixture as a part programming G54 XY zero point, and setting the angular direction of the alignment fixture as the positive direction of an X axis;
2. the part is arranged on a positioning circle of a clamp and is fixedly clamped, the excircle runout of the part needs to be within 0.01mm when the part is aligned at the center of G54, and the upper surface of the aligned part is set as a G54Z zero point;
3. the length and radius tool compensation values of the numerical control tool are obtained on the tool setting gauge and input into the numerical control machine;
4. calling a numerical control program through a DNC network system;
5. raising the height by 100mm and trial-running a numerical control program;
6. and (5) processing the burr edge according to a numerical control program.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for removing burrs of a machine case is characterized by comprising the following steps:
removing burrs on the back side of the through hole of the mounting edge: a numerical control cutter with a reverse cutting edge is extended into the bottom of the through hole of the mounting edge of the casing, and reverse boring is carried out to remove reverse burrs of the through hole of the mounting edge;
removing burrs of blade tips: a chamfering tool is adopted to run for a circle along the three-dimensional track of the blade tips of the blades axially distributed on the outer circumferential surface of the casing diffuser so as to remove burrs on the blade tips;
removing burrs at an orifice of an excircle of a part: carrying out point contact type milling processing on an orifice on the excircle of the casing part by adopting a ball-end milling cutter to remove burrs on the orifice of the excircle of the part;
removing burrs on the machined surface and the blank surface of the part: milling sharp-edge chamfers on the outline of a part, milling a machining surface and a blank surface of a case part by adopting a cutter with a flexible swinging head and a floating cutter handle, selecting a vertex angle and a helical angle of the flexible swinging head which are matched according to the material of the case part to be machined, determining the resilience force of the floating cutter handle, determining the tool compensation value, the milling linear speed and the feeding amount of the cutter, feeding the cutter to contact the part along the axial direction of the part to be machined, deviating the machining track of the cutter along the outline of the part and towards the direction close to the part, and retreating the cutter after milling the outline of the part for one circle to remove burrs on the machining surface and the blank surface of the part.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein,
the depth of the sharp edge chamfer is 0.1 mm-0.3 mm.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein,
the offset distance is 0.7 mm-1 mm.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein,
the vertex angle of the flexible swinging head is 65-80 degrees;
the helical angle of the flexible swing head is 0-15 degrees;
the resilience of the floating knife handle is 15N-25N.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein,
the milling linear speed is 15 m/min-25 m/min;
the feeding amount is 120 mm/min-220 mm/min.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein,
casting high-temperature alloy, wherein the vertex angle of a flexible swinging head of a cutter is 65 degrees, the helix angle of the flexible swinging head is 0 degree, the resilience of a floating cutter handle is 25N, the milling linear velocity is 15m/min, and the feeding amount is 120 mm/min;
forging high-temperature alloy, wherein the vertex angle of a flexible swinging head of a cutter is 70 degrees, the helix angle of the flexible swinging head is 5 degrees, the resilience of a floating cutter handle is 22N, the milling linear velocity is 16m/min, and the feeding amount is 150 mm/min;
the top angle of a flexible swinging head of a selected cutter is 75 degrees, the spiral angle of the flexible swinging head is 10 degrees, the resilience force of a floating cutter handle is 20N, the milling linear velocity is 20m/min, and the feeding amount is 200 mm/min;
the top angle of a flexible swinging head of a selected cutter is 80 degrees, the spiral angle of the flexible swinging head is 15 degrees, the resilience of a floating cutter handle is 17N, the milling linear velocity is 22m/min, and the feeding amount is 220 mm/min.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein,
and the chamfer cutter in the blade tip burr removal process adopts a single-side 45-degree chamfer cutter.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein,
the single-side 45-degree chamfering tool is installed on a horizontal four-axis numerical control machine tool.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein,
before the horizontal four-axis numerical control machine tool runs, the diameter phi 6mm of the chamfer cutter is taken from the tool setting gauge to obtain the length cutter compensation value of the chamfer cutter, the length cutter compensation value of the chamfer cutter is input into the horizontal four-axis numerical control machine tool system, and then the horizontal four-axis numerical control machine tool runs.
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