CN112354478B - Ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether and ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether sulfate compound system and continuous preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether and ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether sulfate compound system and continuous preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112354478B CN112354478B CN202011200259.2A CN202011200259A CN112354478B CN 112354478 B CN112354478 B CN 112354478B CN 202011200259 A CN202011200259 A CN 202011200259A CN 112354478 B CN112354478 B CN 112354478B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
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- C09K23/018—Mixtures of two or more different organic oxygen-containing compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C303/00—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides
- C07C303/24—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides of esters of sulfuric acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/32—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08G65/321—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with inorganic compounds
- C08G65/326—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with inorganic compounds containing sulfur
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether and ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether sulfate compound system and a continuous preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: simultaneously loading fatty alcohol ether and sulfur trioxide gas into a falling film reactor through a gas-liquid distributor; and after the falling film reaction is finished, gas-liquid separation is carried out, the gas is treated by a demister and then is exhausted, the liquid enters a neutralization system, and a neutralized product is subjected to tempering and then is sent to a packaging line. The invention utilizes the molecular structure characteristics of fatty alcohol ether and the sulfation reaction mechanism to obtain the ultra-narrowly distributed fatty alcohol ether and fatty alcohol ether sulfate compound product; the reaction process is close to zero emission, the atom economy is extremely high, and the method has important application value and practical significance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether and ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether sulfate compound system and a continuous preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of surfactants.
Background
The compound system of the fatty alcohol ether and the fatty alcohol ether sulfate is high in dissolving (dispersing) speed, good in low-temperature washing effect, low in system alkalinity, mild to fabrics and skin, suitable for mechanical washing, and excellent in synergistic effect and compatibility, becomes a basic formula in the field of detergents at present, and has the advantages of being flexible in formula, simple in manufacturing process, low in equipment investment, low in environmental pollution, low in processing cost and the like.
The fatty alcohol ether is obtained by the reaction of fatty alcohol and alkylene oxide, the product contains a large amount of unreacted fatty alcohol and high polymer components, so that the product has low solubility, large smell, high solidification point, difficult flowing at low temperature and strong irritation, and free fatty alcohol and high polymer in the narrow-distribution fatty alcohol ether product are obviously lower than those of the conventional fatty alcohol ether, so that the defects of the conventional fatty alcohol ether can be greatly improved. The fatty alcohol ether sulfate is a salt obtained by sulfating fatty alcohol ether and then neutralizing the sulfated fatty alcohol ether, and the data shows that the thickening performance, the oil stain detergency, the foaming capacity and the foam stabilizing capacity of the narrow-distribution fatty alcohol ether sulfate are superior to those of the conventional fatty alcohol ether sulfate. The key point of the existing production of the narrow-distribution fatty alcohol ether sulfate lies in that the narrow-distribution fatty alcohol ether is prepared by a narrow-distribution catalyst, namely, the compounding system of the narrow-distribution fatty alcohol ether and the narrow-distribution fatty alcohol ether sulfate in the existing market is used for preparing the narrow-distribution fatty alcohol ether.
At present, the content of fatty alcohol in conventional fatty alcohol ether in the market is generally higher than 20% and even up to more than 40%, and the narrow-distribution fatty alcohol ether also generally contains more than 10% of free fatty alcohol, and the performance of a fatty alcohol ether and fatty alcohol ether sulfate compound system can be obviously influenced by the fatty alcohol.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether and ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether sulfate compound system and a continuous preparation method thereof. The compound does not contain free fatty alcohol basically, the distribution of alkoxy groups in fatty alcohol ether and fatty alcohol ether sulfate can be adjusted by controlling a sulfating process, the application performance of a compound system is improved, and the application field of the compound system is expanded.
The invention provides an ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether and fatty alcohol ether sulfate compound system, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 42-67% of ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether, 3-28% of ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether sulfate and the balance of water.
The ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether sulfate refers to an anionic surfactant obtained by a controlled sulfation process in which low addition number components in fatty alcohol ether are preferentially subjected to a sulfation reaction, and the ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether is an unreacted high addition number nonionic surfactant retained in the controlled sulfation process.
The invention provides a continuous preparation method of the ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether and ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether sulfate compound system, which comprises the following steps:
sulfur dioxide and dry air are catalytically converted into sulfur trioxide in a sulfur trioxide conversion tower through a catalyst, then sulfur trioxide gas is cooled to 45-65 ℃ in a pipeline, the sulfur trioxide gas enters a sulfur trioxide filter, a small amount of nicotinic acid and catalyst dust are removed, the sulfur trioxide gas and fatty alcohol ether enter a gas-liquid distributor together according to a certain proportion, after distribution, liquid forms a film along the inner wall of a falling film reactor and flows downwards, the gas extrudes the liquid film at the center of the falling film reactor at the flow speed of 10-30 m/s, the liquid film is enabled to be laminar flow or turbulent flow along with the change of viscosity, the outlet temperature of a jacket of the falling film reactor is controlled to be 30-80 ℃, then a reaction system enters a gas-liquid separator, the gas enters a demister, the liquid enters a neutralization system, and a neutralized product is a target product, namely a compound system of ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether and ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether sulfate.
In the method, the raw material fatty alcohol ether is conventional or narrowly distributed fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether or fatty alcohol-polyoxypropylene ether, the average addition number of oxyethylene groups is 3-20, and the average addition number of oxypropylene groups is 3-15.
In the method, the source of the sulfur trioxide is obtained by catalyzing sulfur dioxide with a catalyst.
In the method, the sulfur trioxide is used after being diluted, the diluting gas is dry air with the dew point lower than minus 60 ℃, and the volume fraction of the diluted sulfur trioxide is 2-15%.
In the method, the molar ratio of the fatty alcohol ether to the sulfur trioxide is 1.00: 0.05-0.40.
In the method, sodium hydroxide lye is arranged in a neutralization system, and reactants are neutralized to pH 11.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the compound system has high solubility, little smell, low freezing point, excellent low-temperature flowing performance, little irritation and wide compatibility.
(2) The compound system product is in a liquid state, has high activity and is convenient to transport and use.
(3) The compound system product of the invention has good low-temperature stability and can be used at lower temperature.
(4) The preparation process of the compound system is continuous, the atom economic reaction is realized, and the compound system is green and safe.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to examples, which are provided for illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Gas sulfur dioxide and dry air with dew point lower than minus 60 ℃ are respectively metered by a mass flow meter and then enter a sulfur trioxide conversion tower at the same time at the speed of 0.34L/min and 10.6L/min, the temperature of the upper section of a catalyst in the conversion tower is controlled to be 430 ℃, the temperature of the lower section of the catalyst is controlled to be 400 ℃, and the temperature of an outlet of the conversion tower is controlled to be 380 ℃. The obtained sulfur trioxide gas is cooled to 45 ℃ through a finned pipeline, and then enters a sulfur trioxide filter to remove a small amount of nicotinic acid and catalyst dust. Thus obtaining sulfur trioxide gas with volume fraction of 3 percent and 10.9L/min.
Introducing conventional fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether (oxyethylene group average addition number is 3) and 45 ℃ sulfur trioxide gas with the volume fraction of 3% at the same time into a falling film reactor at the speed of 13.3g/min, adjusting the jacket temperature of the falling film reactor to 35 ℃, discharging tail gas after cyclone separation through a demister, neutralizing reactants by using 9.2% sodium hydroxide alkali liquor until the pH value is 11, measuring that the free oil content is 47.3%, the free oil oxyethylene group average addition number is 5.1, and the anion active substance content is 21.6%, and obtaining the required ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether and ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether sulfate compound system.
Example 2
This example uses the sulfur trioxide gas produced in the process of example 1.
Introducing narrow-distribution fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether (oxyethylene group average addition number is 5) and 50 ℃ sulfur trioxide gas with the volume fraction of 4% at the same time into a falling film reactor at the speed of 15.0g/min, adjusting the temperature of a jacket of the falling film reactor to be 40 ℃, discharging tail gas after cyclone separation through a demister, neutralizing reactants by using 6.4% sodium hydroxide alkali liquor until the pH value is 11, measuring the free oil content to be 50.1%, the free oil oxyethylene group average addition number is 6.6, and the anion active substance content is 19.4%, and obtaining the required ultra-narrow-distribution fatty alcohol ether and ultra-narrow-distribution fatty alcohol ether sulfate compound system.
Example 3
This example uses the sulfur trioxide gas produced in the process of example 1.
Introducing conventional fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether (oxyethylene group average addition number of 7) and 55 ℃ sulfur trioxide gas with the volume fraction of 6% into a falling film reactor at the same time at the rate of 33.5g/min, adjusting the jacket temperature of the falling film reactor to be 44 ℃, discharging tail gas after cyclone separation through a demister, neutralizing reactants by using 4.4% sodium hydroxide alkali liquor until the pH value is 11, measuring that the free oil content is 56.7%, the free oil oxyethylene group average addition number is 8.8, and the anion active substance content is 12.4%, and obtaining the required ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether and ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether sulfate compound system.
Example 4
This example uses the sulfur trioxide gas produced in the process of example 1.
Introducing narrow-distribution fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether (oxyethylene group average addition number 9) and 45 ℃ sulfur trioxide gas with 12.8L/min and volume fraction of 4% into a falling film reactor at the same time at the rate of 33.3g/min, adjusting the jacket temperature of the falling film reactor to 50 ℃, performing cyclone separation, then emptying tail gas after passing through a demister, neutralizing reactants by using 6.0% sodium hydroxide alkali liquor until the pH value is 11, determining that the free oil content is 45.9%, the free oil oxyethylene group average addition number is 10.7 and the anion active substance content is 22.7, and thus obtaining the required ultra-narrow-distribution fatty alcohol ether and ultra-narrow-distribution fatty alcohol ether sulfate compound system.
Example 5
This example uses the sulfur trioxide gas produced in the process of example 1.
Introducing conventional fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether (oxyethylene group average addition number 14) and 50 ℃ sulfur trioxide gas with 7.8L/min and volume fraction of 3% into a falling film reactor at the same time at a rate of 41.7g/min, adjusting the jacket temperature of the falling film reactor to 45 ℃, performing cyclone separation, then evacuating tail gas after passing through a demister, neutralizing reactants by using 2.3% sodium hydroxide alkali liquor until the pH value is 11, measuring that the free oil content is 59.6%, the free oil oxyethylene group average addition number is 16.1, and the anion active substance content is 9.8%, thus obtaining the required ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether and ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether sulfate compound system.
Example 6
This example uses the sulfur trioxide gas produced in the process of example 1.
Introducing narrow-distribution fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether (oxyethylene group average addition number is 18) and 55 ℃ sulfur trioxide gas with 7.2L/min and volume fraction of 4% into a falling film reactor at the same time at a rate of 41.7g/min, adjusting the jacket temperature of the falling film reactor to be 45 ℃, performing cyclone separation, then emptying tail gas after passing through a demister, neutralizing reactants by using 2.8% sodium hydroxide alkali liquor until the pH value is 11, determining that the free oil content is 52.5%, the free oil oxyethylene group average addition number is 19.7 and the anion active matter content is 16.9%, and thus obtaining the required ultra-narrow-distribution fatty alcohol ether and ultra-narrow-distribution fatty alcohol ether sulfate compound system.
Example 7
This example uses the sulfur trioxide gas produced in the process of example 1.
Introducing conventional fatty alcohol-polyoxypropylene ether (average addition number of oxypropylene groups is 4) and 55 ℃ sulfur trioxide gas with the volume fraction of 8% at the same time of 11.0L/min at the rate of 33.3g/min into a falling film reactor, adjusting the jacket temperature of the falling film reactor to be 45 ℃, performing cyclone separation, then emptying tail gas after passing through a demister, neutralizing reactants by using 9.8% sodium hydroxide alkali liquor until the pH value is 11, determining that the free oil content is 42.3%, the average addition number of free oil oxyethylene groups is 6.8, and the content of anionic active substances is 25.7%, thus obtaining the required ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether and ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether sulfate compound system.
Example 8
This example uses the sulfur trioxide gas produced in the process of example 1.
Introducing narrow-distribution fatty alcohol-polyoxypropylene ether (average addition number of oxypropylene groups is 7) and 40 ℃ sulfur trioxide gas with volume fraction of 2% at the same time of 41.7g/min into a falling film reactor, adjusting the jacket temperature of the falling film reactor to be 55 ℃, performing cyclone separation, then emptying tail gas after passing through a demister, neutralizing reactants by using 1.5% sodium hydroxide alkali liquor until the pH value is 11, determining that the free oil content is 66.5%, the average addition number of free oil oxyethylene groups is 8.4, and the content of anionic active substances is 3.1%, thus obtaining the required ultra-narrow-distribution fatty alcohol ether and ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether sulfate compound system.
Example 9
This example uses the sulfur trioxide gas produced in the process of example 1.
Introducing conventional fatty alcohol-polyoxypropylene ether (average addition number of oxypropylene groups is 10) and 55 ℃ sulfur trioxide gas with volume fraction of 10% at the same time of 43.3g/min into a falling film reactor, adjusting the jacket temperature of the falling film reactor to 40 ℃, performing cyclone separation, then evacuating tail gas after passing through a demister, neutralizing reactants by using 5.2% sodium hydroxide alkali liquor until the pH value is 11, determining that the free oil content is 42.8%, the average addition number of free oil oxyethylene groups is 12.3, and the content of anionic active substances is 26.7%, thus obtaining the required ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether and ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether sulfate compound system.
Example 10
This example uses the sulfur trioxide gas produced in the process of example 1.
Introducing conventional fatty alcohol-polyoxypropylene ether (average addition number of oxypropylene groups is 13) and 55 ℃ sulfur trioxide gas with 4.9L/min and volume fraction of 12% into a falling film reactor at the same time at the speed of 50.1g/min, adjusting the jacket temperature of the falling film reactor to be 43 ℃, performing cyclone separation, then emptying tail gas after passing through a demister, neutralizing reactants by using 4.7% sodium hydroxide alkali liquor until the pH value is 11, determining that the free oil content is 37.4%, the average addition number of free oil oxyethylene groups is 15.1, and the content of anionic active substances is 31.9%, thus obtaining the required ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether and ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether sulfate compound system.
Example 11
This example uses the sulfur trioxide gas produced in the process of example 1.
Introducing conventional fatty alcohol polyoxypropylene ether (average addition number of oxypropylene groups is 15) and 40 ℃ sulfur trioxide gas with volume fraction of 3% at the same time of 4.2L/min at the speed of 38.3g/min into a falling film reactor, adjusting the temperature of a jacket of the falling film reactor to be 50 ℃, performing cyclone separation, then emptying tail gas after passing through a demister, neutralizing reactants by using 1.3% sodium hydroxide alkali liquor until the pH value is 11, determining that the content of free oil is 64.7%, the average addition number of free oil oxyethylene groups is 16.7, and the content of anionic active substances is 5.8%, thus obtaining the required ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether and ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether sulfate compound system.
Claims (8)
1. An ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether and ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether sulfate compound system is characterized in that: the weight percentage composition is as follows: 42-67% of ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether, 3-28% of ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether sulfate and the balance of water;
the ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether sulfate is an anionic surfactant obtained by controlling a sulfation process and preferentially carrying out a sulfation reaction on low addition number components in fatty alcohol ether; the ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether is an unreacted high-addition-number nonionic surfactant reserved by a controlled sulfating process;
the preparation method of the ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether and ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether sulfate compound system comprises the following steps:
sulfur dioxide and dry air are catalytically converted into sulfur trioxide in a sulfur trioxide conversion tower through a catalyst, then sulfur trioxide gas is cooled to 45-65 ℃ in a pipeline and enters a sulfur trioxide filter, a small amount of nicotinic acid and catalyst dust are removed, the sulfur trioxide gas and fatty alcohol ether enter a gas-liquid distributor together, after distribution, liquid forms a film along the inner wall of a falling film reactor and flows downwards, the gas extrudes the liquid film at the center of the falling film reactor at the flow speed of 10-30 m/s, the liquid film is made to be laminar flow or turbulent flow along with the change of viscosity, the outlet temperature of a jacket of the falling film reactor is controlled to be 30-80 ℃, then a reaction system enters a gas-liquid separator, the gas enters a demister, the liquid enters a neutralization system, and a neutralization product is a target product, namely a compound system of ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether and ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether sulfate.
2. The ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether and ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether sulfate compound system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the raw material fatty alcohol ether is fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether or fatty alcohol-polyoxypropylene ether, the average addition number of oxyethylene groups is 3-20, and the average addition number of oxypropylene groups is 4-15.
3. The ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether and ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether sulfate compound system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sulfur trioxide is obtained by catalyzing sulfur dioxide with a catalyst.
4. The ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether and ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether sulfate compound system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sulfur trioxide is used after being diluted, the diluting gas is dry air with the dew point lower than minus 60 ℃, and the volume fraction of the diluted sulfur trioxide is 2 to 15 percent.
5. The ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether and ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether sulfate compound system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the molar ratio of the fatty alcohol ether to the sulfur trioxide is 1.0: 0.05-0.4.
6. The ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether and ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether sulfate compound system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the neutralization system is provided with sodium hydroxide lye, and reactants are neutralized to pH 11.
7. The ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether and ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether sulfate compound system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the tempering process is to add water or pH buffer for adjustment.
8. The ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether and ultra-narrow distribution fatty alcohol ether sulfate complex system according to claim 7, characterized in that: the pH buffering agents include sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate.
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