CN112354376B - Preparation method of modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane and modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane prepared by same - Google Patents
Preparation method of modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane and modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane prepared by same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane and the modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane prepared by the preparation method, which comprises the following steps: hydrolyzing a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer PSMA under an alkaline condition, and adding acid for neutralization to obtain a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer hydrolysate H-PSMA; 2) adding H-PSMA and PVA into water, heating to dissolve, cooling, adding an aldehyde cross-linking agent aqueous solution, and reacting to obtain a cross-linking substance modified solution of H-PSMA and PVA; and soaking the polypropylene membrane in the modified solution, and performing suction filtration to obtain the cross-linked substance modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane. The polypropylene film oil-water separation film with good oil-water separation efficiency is prepared based on the method; the modified polypropylene film is prepared without organic solvent and pollution; the addition of H-PSMA and PVA increases the hydrophilicity of the membrane, the carboxyl and hydroxyl of hydrophilic groups are favorable for water molecules to pass through quickly, so that the oil-water separation is more efficient, and the PVA and the H-PSMA can form a cross-linked structure to increase the acid-base corrosion resistance of the separation membrane.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of membrane materials, in particular to a preparation method of a modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane and the modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane prepared by the preparation method.
Background
The traditional oil-water separation method comprises a physical method and a chemical method: physical methods such as activated carbon, organic clay, zeolite and the like can absorb water while absorbing oil, so that the separation process is complicated and the efficiency is low; chemical methods such as oxidation, electrochemical processes, photocatalytic treatment, ozone treatment, demulsification and the like use toxic compounds, increase the cost and generate secondary pollution. The use of membrane technology has become an important separation technology in the last decade, with the advantages of working without the addition of other chemicals, low energy requirements, simple process and easy operation. Despite the great advances in membrane technology, the problem of membrane fouling during separation remains one of the most challenging problems in the separation industry. Polysulfone (PSf), polyether sulfone (PES), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), Polyacrylonitrile (PAN), Cellulose Acetate (CA) and the like which are commonly used for preparing the microfiltration/ultrafiltration membrane are easy to scale although the cost is lower than that of inorganic material ceramic membranes, so that the oil-water separation efficiency is reduced; the strength and the long-term use stability of the separation membrane are also important consideration factors when treating oily sewage, and the problems of poor mechanical property, weak dirt resistance and the like generally exist when a single polymer membrane or a nanofiber membrane is used as a separation material.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the preparation method of the modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane and the modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane prepared by the preparation method are provided, and compared with a conventional microfiltration/ultrafiltration membrane in the prior art, the prepared modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane has the advantages of high mechanical strength and high oil-water separation efficiency.
The specific solution provided by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a preparation method of a modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane, which comprises the following steps:
1) hydrolyzing a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer PSMA under an alkaline condition, and adding acid for neutralization to obtain a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer hydrolysate H-PSMA;
2) adding H-PSMA and PVA into water, heating to dissolve, cooling, adding an aldehyde cross-linking agent aqueous solution, and reacting to obtain a cross-linking substance modified solution of H-PSMA and PVA;
3) and soaking the polypropylene membrane in the modified solution, and performing suction filtration to obtain the modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane modified by the cross-linked product of H-PSMA and PVA.
According to the preparation method of the modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane, H-PSMA is obtained by carrying out hydrolysis modification on PSMA, then aldehyde crosslinking modification is carried out, and then the cross-linked product of H-PSMA and PVA, namely the H-PSMA/PVA modified PP membrane is obtained by dip-coating, suction filtration and membrane formation of a polypropylene membrane (PP membrane). The PP film does not have an oil-water separation effect, and the H-PSMA/PVA modified PP film obtained by the method has a good oil-water separation effect; the PVA and the H-PSMA can be well dissolved in water, and the modified PP film is prepared without organic solvent and pollution; the addition of PVA and H-PSMA increases the hydrophilicity of the polypropylene membrane separation membrane, and the hydroxyl and carboxyl of the hydrophilic group are favorable for the rapid passing of water molecules, so that the oil-water separation is more efficient; on the other hand, the cross-linked structure formed by the PVA and the H-PSMA increases the acid and alkali resistance of the separation membrane, and can increase the mechanical strength and the acid and alkali corrosion resistance of the membrane, so that the prepared modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane has high mechanical strength and high oil-water separation efficiency; the adopted raw materials have low cost and simple process, and have huge application prospect in the aspects of environmental protection, water treatment and the like.
On the basis of the scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows:
further, the concentration of PSMA in the hydrolysate of the step 1) is 10-25g/L, the pH of the hydrolysate is 8-10, and the pH of the hydrolysate after neutralization by adding acid is 6.8-7.2.
Based on the method, the PSMA is hydrolyzed under alkaline condition, and the hydrolysate H-PSMA is obtained after neutralization, wherein the PSMA has high hydrolysis efficiency and high yield under the conditions.
Further, the pH value of the hydrolysate is adjusted to be alkaline by adding an alkaline substance into the PSMA solution, wherein the alkaline substance is selected from one of ammonia water, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, and the acid is selected from one of sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid.
Further, the hydrolysis temperature in the step 1) is 40-60 ℃, and the molecular weight of the H-PSMA is 3-10 ten thousand.
Under the conditions, the hydrolysis efficiency of the PSMA is high, the H-PSMA with the molecular weight has good mechanical property, the cross-linked structure of the H-PSMA and the PVA has good mechanical strength and acid and alkali resistance, and the mechanical strength and the acid and alkali resistance of the polypropylene film are improved.
Further, in the step 1), the neutralized hydrolysate is subjected to suction filtration to obtain a solid product, and the solid product is washed and dried at 40-60 ℃ for 10-30H to obtain the hydrolysate H-PSMA.
Further, the mass ratio of H-PSMA to PVA in the step 2) is 1: 0.2-1, and the mass concentration of the modified solution obtained in the step 2) is 0.02-0.08 g/ml; and 2) adding the cross-linking agent according to the molar ratio of the hydroxyl to the cross-linking agent of 1: 0.1-0.5.
A cross-linking structure formed by esterification dehydration cross-linking between H-PSMA and PVA and acetalation cross-linking between PVA and aldehyde group has good mechanical strength and acid and alkali resistance, and after the PP membrane is modified by the cross-linking product, the modified PP membrane has good hydrophilicity, underwater super-oleophobic property, mechanical strength and acid and alkali resistance, and the oil-water separation efficiency is high.
Further, the heating and dissolving temperature in the step 2) is 90-95 ℃, and the heating and dissolving time is 0.5-1 h.
The H-PSMA is obtained after the PSMA is hydrolyzed and modified, and both the H-PSMA and PVA can be dissolved in hot deionized water.
Further, the aldehyde crosslinking agent is one selected from formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde or glyoxal.
Preferably, the aldehyde crosslinking agent is glutaraldehyde GA.
Specifically, the aqueous solution of the glutaraldehyde crosslinking agent used in step 1) is obtained by diluting a commercially available aqueous solution of glutaraldehyde.
Further, in the step 3), the modified solution soaked with the polypropylene film is subjected to suction filtration through a vacuum pump and a sand core funnel, wherein the suction filtration pressure is 0.08-0.12 MPa.
The polypropylene membrane soaked by the H-PSMA/PVA cross-linked substance is filtered to obtain the H-PSMA/PVA cross-linked substance modified PP membrane with certain mechanical strength, acid-base resistance and oil-water separation performance,
the invention also provides a modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane prepared by the preparation method of the polypropylene oil-water separation membrane.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows FT-IR spectra of PSMA, H-PSMA, PVA and cross-linker H-PSMA/PVA.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the change of contact angle of the modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane after solution treatment at different pH values.
Detailed Description
The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and are further described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
Example 1
A preparation method of a modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane material comprises the following specific steps:
(1) putting 2g of PSMA and 100ml of water into a three-neck flask, adding 6ml of ammonia water, stirring and hydrolyzing at 50 ℃, adding a plurality of drops of sulfuric acid solution to neutralize after the hydrolysis is completed and the system becomes colorless transparent solution, cooling to room temperature, carrying out suction filtration to obtain a solid product, washing the solid product with deionized water for 2 times, and drying at 50 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain H-PSMA.
(2) Dissolving 1g H-PSMA and 0.6g PVA in 15ml deionized water at 90 ℃ for 1H to completely dissolve the PVA, cooling to room temperature, taking a commercial 50% glutaraldehyde aqueous solution (diluted to 5ml according to the molar ratio of hydroxyl to aldehyde group being 1:0.5, adding the solution, and stirring at normal temperature to obtain the H-PSMA/PVA modified solution.
(3) Soaking the polypropylene membrane in the modified solution prepared in the step 2) for 2min, carrying out suction filtration by a vacuum pump under the pressure of 0.1MPa, repeating the steps for three times, and standing at normal temperature for 12H to obtain the hydrolyzed styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer and polyvinyl alcohol (H-PSMA/PVA) modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane.
Example 2
A preparation method of a modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane comprises the following specific steps:
(1) and (2) adding 6ml of ammonia water into 100ml of deionized water, stirring and hydrolyzing at 50 ℃, adding a plurality of drops of sulfuric acid solution for neutralization when the hydrolysis is complete and the system becomes colorless transparent solution, cooling to room temperature, carrying out suction filtration to obtain a solid product, washing the solid product with deionized water for 2 times, and drying at 50 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain H-PSMA.
(2) Dissolving 1g H-PSMA and 0.2g PVA in 15ml deionized water at 90 ℃ for 1H to completely dissolve, cooling to room temperature, diluting commercial 50% glutaraldehyde aqueous solution (molar ratio of hydroxyl group to aldehyde group is 1:0.3) to 5ml, adding into the solution, and stirring at normal temperature to obtain the cross-linked substance H-PSMA/PVA modified solution.
(3) Soaking the polypropylene membrane in the solution prepared in the step 2) for 4 hours, carrying out suction filtration by a vacuum pump under the pressure of 0.1MPa, repeating the steps for three times, and standing at normal temperature for 12 hours to obtain the cross-linked H-PSMA/PVA modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane.
Example 3
A preparation method of a modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane comprises the following specific steps:
(1) adding 2g of PSMA into 100ml of deionized water, adding 6ml of ammonia water, stirring at 50 ℃ for hydrolysis, adding a plurality of drops of sulfuric acid solution for neutralization when the hydrolysis is complete and the system becomes colorless transparent solution, cooling to room temperature, carrying out suction filtration to obtain a solid product, washing the solid product with deionized water for 2 times, and drying at 50 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain H-PSMA.
(2) Dissolving 1g H-PSMA and 1g PVA in deionized water at 90 deg.C for 1h to dissolve completely, cooling to room temperature, adding commercially available 50% glutaraldehyde aqueous solution (molar ratio of hydroxyl group to aldehyde group is 1:0.2) into the solution to make the concentration of the modified solution be 0.02g/ml, and stirring at room temperature.
(3) Soaking the polypropylene membrane in the solution prepared in the step 2) for 2min, carrying out suction filtration by a vacuum pump under the pressure of 0.1MPa, repeating the steps for three times, and standing at normal temperature for 12H to obtain the cross-linked H-PSMA/PVA modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane.
Examples 4 to 7
The specific steps of the preparation method of the modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane are the same as those of the example 3, and the difference is only that the concentrations of the modified solution in the step 2) are respectively 0.03g/ml, 0.04g/ml, 0.05g/ml and 0.06 g/ml.
Infrared spectrum analysis:
fourier transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis of PSMA, H-PSMA, PVA and the crosslinker H-PSMA/PV of example 1, 1458cm-1、1507cm-1And 1632cm-1The position is a stretching vibration absorption peak in a carbon-carbon bond plane on a benzene ring; 767cm-1、701cm-1Is an out-of-plane bending vibration peak of a carbon-hydrogen bond on a monosubstituted benzene ring; 3021cm-1The position is a stretching vibration peak of a carbon-hydrogen bond on a benzene ring; 2922cm-1The position is a stretching vibration peak of a saturated carbon-hydrogen bond; 1776cm-1And 1857cm-1The positions are respectively the symmetric and antisymmetric stretching vibration peaks of the carbon-oxygen double bond of the anhydride group in the maleic anhydride; in the production of hydrolysisFT-IR spectrum of substance H-PSMA, 1776cm-1And 1857cm-1Absorption peak disappeared, 1720cm-1Stretching vibration of carbon-oxygen double bond, 1240cm-1 carbon-oxygen single bond stretching vibration and 3400cm-1The strong peak of-OH stretching vibration of the PSMA indicates that the anhydride group in the PSMA is hydrolyzed into carboxyl; in the infrared spectrum of PVA, 3260cm-1Is the stretching vibration peak of the hydroxyl group forming the hydrogen bond; 1083cm-1Is the carbon-oxygen stretching vibration peak of the secondary alcoholic hydroxyl; 2900cm-1Is the asymmetric stretching vibration peak of methylene; 1660cm-1Is the in-plane bending vibration peak of the hydroxyl group; since the industrial polyvinyl alcohol is obtained by saponifying vinyl acetate, residual acetyl groups due to incomplete saponification were 1720cm in the pattern-1Weak peak, 1720cm in FT-IR spectrum of cross-linker H-PSMA/PVA-1The absorption peak is obviously enhanced, and the absorption peak is 3260cm-1And 3400cm-1The decrease in the-OH absorption peak indicates the esterification between PVA and H-PSMA and the crosslinking reaction between the hydroxyl groups of PVA itself.
Hydrophilic-lipophilic test:
the hydrophilic-lipophilic property tests of the hydrolyzed styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer/polyvinyl alcohol crosslinked material modified polypropylene films (H-PSMA/PVA modified PP films) and the unmodified polypropylene films (unmodified PP films) in examples 1 to 3 revealed that the Contact Angles (CA) of water drops and oil drops on the surface of the unmodified PP films in the air were 94.1 ° and 0 °, respectively, i.e., the films showed hydrophobicity and super-lipophilicity, and the water contact angles of the H-PSMA/PVA modified polypropylene oil-water separation films were less than 60 °, i.e., the films showed hydrophilicity; the contact angles of paraffin oil in air are all larger than 10 degrees and smaller than 50 degrees, the contact angles of paraffin oil under water are all larger than 140 degrees, the contact angle of methylene dichloride under water reaches 150 degrees, and the contact angle of oil under water of an unmodified PP film is 120 degrees. On the one hand, the hydrophilicity of the membrane surface is increased by adding PVA, on the other hand, through the crosslinking of glutaraldehyde, a lipophilic carbon chain is introduced, the lipophilicity is increased, the modified PP membrane has the hydrophilic-oil amphiphilic performance in the air, the underwater oil contact angle of the surface of the modified PP membrane is far larger than that of an unmodified PP membrane (120 degrees), namely, the underwater oleophobic performance is increased, therefore, when the H-PSMA/PVA modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane is used for separating oil-water emulsion, water can pass through the modified PP membrane, oil is retained on the membrane surface and cannot pass through, so that the separation of the oil-water emulsion is realized, and the oil-water emulsion cannot be separated by the unmodified PP membrane.
Testing the oil-water emulsion separation efficiency and the membrane flux of the modified PP membrane:
the oil-water emulsion separation efficiency and the membrane flux of the cross-linked modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane prepared in examples 3 to 7 at different concentrations of the modified solution were measured, and the data are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 modified PP Membrane oil-water separation Membrane separation efficiency and Membrane flux obtained from modified solutions of different concentrations
As can be seen from the table I, the separation efficiency gradually increased and the membrane flux gradually decreased with the increase of the solution concentration, and when the solution concentration was 0.06g/ml, the separation efficiency reached 99.88%, but the flux decreased to 233L/(m)2H) due to the solution concentration being too high and the viscosity being too high, blocking part of the pore size. The separation efficiency and the membrane flux data are comprehensively considered, and the cross-linked H-PSMA/PVA modified polypropylene membrane prepared when the concentration of the modified solution is 0.03g/ml is better.
Acid and alkali resistance of the modified PP film is tested:
the cross-linked product H-PSMA/PVA modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane prepared in example 4 was soaked in different acid-base solutions for 24 hours, and then subjected to a contact angle test, and the result is shown in fig. 2, which shows that, compared with the H-PSMA/PVA modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane which is not subjected to acid-base treatment (under the condition of pH 7), the wettability of the surface of the membrane subjected to acid treatment does not change greatly, and even if the membrane is soaked in an HCl aqueous solution with the pH of 1, the contact angle of water in the air is 56 degrees, and the contact angle of dichloromethane under water is 153.52, so that the membrane exhibits hydrophilicity and super-oleophobicity under water; and with the increase of the pH, the hydrophilicity of the membrane is increased, after the membrane is treated by a NaOH aqueous solution with the pH of 12, the contact angle of water in the air is 14.1 degrees, the contact angle of dichloromethane underwater is 157.88 degrees, and under an alkaline condition, a non-crosslinked carboxyl group (-COOH) in the structure can be converted into a hydrophilic sodium carboxylate group (-COONa) under the alkaline condition, so that the hydrophilicity of the membrane is further increased, and an experimental result shows that the prepared membrane has excellent acid and alkali resistance.
While certain specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail by way of illustration, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is illustrative only and is not limiting of the scope of the invention, as various modifications or additions may be made to the specific embodiments described and substituted in a similar manner by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appending claims. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made to the above embodiments in accordance with the technical spirit of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) hydrolyzing a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer PSMA under an alkaline condition, and adding acid for neutralization to obtain a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer hydrolysate H-PSMA;
2) adding H-PSMA and PVA into water, heating for dissolving, cooling, adding an aldehyde cross-linking agent aqueous solution, and reacting to obtain a cross-linking substance modified solution of H-PSMA and PVA; the mass ratio of the H-PSMA to the PVA is 1: 0.2-1, and the sum of the mass concentrations of the H-PSMA and the PVA in the prepared modified solution is 0.02-0.08 g/ml; adding a cross-linking agent in the step 2) according to the molar ratio of the hydroxyl to the cross-linking agent of 1: 0.1-0.5; the heating and dissolving temperature is 90-95 ℃, and the heating and dissolving time is 0.5-1 h;
3) and soaking the polypropylene membrane in the modified solution, and performing suction filtration to obtain the modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane modified by the cross-linked product of H-PSMA and PVA.
2. The method for preparing the modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the PSMA in the hydrolysate of the step 1) is 10 to 25g/L, the pH of the hydrolysate is 8 to 10, and the pH of the hydrolysate neutralized by adding acid is 6.8 to 7.2.
3. The method for preparing the modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane according to claim 2, wherein the step 1) is performed by adding an alkaline substance to the PSMA solution to adjust the pH of the hydrolysate to be alkaline, wherein the alkaline substance is one selected from ammonia, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, and the acid is one selected from sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid.
4. The method for preparing the modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane according to claim 1, wherein the hydrolysis temperature in the step 1) is 40 to 60 ℃, and the molecular weight of the H-PSMA is 3 to 10 ten thousand.
5. The preparation method of the modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane according to claim 1, wherein the hydrolysate obtained after neutralization in step 1) is subjected to suction filtration to obtain a solid product, and the solid product is washed and dried at 40-60 ℃ for 10-30H to obtain the hydrolysate H-PSMA.
6. The method for preparing a modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane according to claim 1, wherein the aldehyde crosslinking agent is one selected from formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde or glyoxal.
7. The method for preparing the modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the modified solution in which the polypropylene membrane is soaked is subjected to suction filtration by a vacuum pump and a sand core funnel in the step 3), and the suction filtration pressure is 0.08 to 0.12 MPa.
8. A modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane, which is prepared by the method for preparing the modified polypropylene oil-water separation membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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| Luo,S等.Excellent self-healing and antifogging coatings based on polyvinyl alcohol/hydrolyzed poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride).《JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE》.2019,第54卷(第7期), * |
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