CN112350742A - FM backscatter amplifier and backscatter system - Google Patents
FM backscatter amplifier and backscatter system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112350742A CN112350742A CN202011060603.2A CN202011060603A CN112350742A CN 112350742 A CN112350742 A CN 112350742A CN 202011060603 A CN202011060603 A CN 202011060603A CN 112350742 A CN112350742 A CN 112350742A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
- H04B1/40—Circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/04—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements with semiconductor devices only
- H03F3/10—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements with semiconductor devices only with diodes
Abstract
The invention discloses an FM backscatter amplifier and a backscatter system, wherein the FM backscatter amplifier comprises a data transceiver module for receiving FM signals; the frequency selection module is connected with the data receiving and transmitting module and is used for carrying out frequency selection on the FM signals to obtain FM signals of a certain frequency band; the amplifying module is connected with the frequency selecting module and used for amplifying the FM signals of the certain frequency band to obtain amplified FM signals; and the modulation module is connected with the amplification module and used for modulating the amplified FM signal and controlling the amplification module to reflect the amplified FM signal. The FM backscatter amplifier provided by the invention amplifies FM signals by using the characteristics of the tunnel diode, increases the reflected signals under the condition of ensuring low power consumption, and thus achieves the purpose of prolonging the communication distance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to an FM backscatter amplifier and a backscatter system.
Background
The backscattering technique is widely used because of its advantages of low power consumption and high flexibility. With the rise of internet of things (IoT), backscattering technology plays an important role in urban internet of things. For example, Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) is a successful case of commercial application of backscatter technology. In future application of the internet of things, the backscattering technology still has a large application space.
Conventional backscattering requires the provision of an illumination source, which itself provides an illumination source, which is sent to the TAG (TAG), which then reflects and transmits the reflected signal to the Reader (Reader). Since conventional backscatter tags require a fixed illumination source, they are not flexible enough and have a small coverage, which limits the application of conventional backscatter to some extent. For the whole city, it is a key point to cover the wide-range communication of the city, in order to effectively utilize the existing resources, it is a good choice to use FM as the illumination source, the transmission power of FM broadcasting towers is up to hundreds of kilowatts, even at the edge of the city, the FM signal can be received, and the FM signal is a good choice as the illumination source.
However, the existing FM backscatter tag only reflects FM signals and loads required information, which consumes much power and has a short communication distance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, the present invention provides an FM backscatter amplifier and a backscatter system. The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an FM backscatter amplifier comprising:
the data transceiver module is used for receiving FM signals;
the frequency selection module is connected with the data receiving and transmitting module and is used for carrying out frequency selection on the FM signals to obtain FM signals of a certain frequency band;
the amplifying module is connected with the frequency selecting module and used for amplifying the FM signals of the certain frequency band to obtain amplified FM signals;
and the modulation module is connected with the amplification module and used for modulating the amplified FM signal and controlling the amplification module to reflect the amplified FM signal.
In one embodiment of the invention, the data transceiver module (1) is further configured to transmit the amplified FM signal.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the data transceiver module includes an Antenna and a second SMA interface J2, where one end of the second SMA interface J2 is connected to the Antenna, and the other end is connected to the frequency selection module.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the frequency selection module includes a frequency selection capacitor C1, and two ends of the frequency selection capacitor C1 are respectively connected to the second SMA interface J2 and the amplification module.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the amplifying module includes a tunnel diode T, a positive electrode of the tunnel diode T is connected to the frequency-selecting capacitor C1, and a negative electrode of the tunnel diode T is grounded.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the tunnel diode is of type GI 307A.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the modulation module includes a first SMA interface J1, a voltage stabilizing capacitor C2, and an isolation inductor L1, where one end of the first SMA interface J1 is connected to a modulation signal, the other end of the first SMA interface J1 is connected to the voltage stabilizing capacitor C2 and the isolation inductor L1, the other end of the voltage stabilizing capacitor C2 is grounded, and the other end of the isolation inductor L1 is connected to the anode of the tunnel diode T.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides an FM backscatter system, including a backscatter tag and a reader, where the backscatter tag is configured to receive an FM signal in a current area and perform backscatter after amplification and modulation, and the reader is configured to receive the amplified and modulated signal and perform demodulation to obtain required information;
wherein the backscatter tag comprises the FM backscatter amplifier of the above embodiment.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the FM backscatter amplifier provided by the invention utilizes the characteristic of the tunnel diode to amplify and then reflect the FM signal, and increases the reflected signal under the condition of ensuring low power consumption, thereby achieving the purpose of prolonging the communication distance.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an FM backscatter amplifier according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a detailed circuit diagram of an FM backscatter amplifier according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a modulation circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a current-voltage characteristic curve of the tunnel diode GI307A according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of reflection coefficients matched at design time provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a PCB layout of a tag provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an FM backscatter system according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a system operation process provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example one
Because the traditional backscatter tag needs a fixed irradiation source, the flexibility is not enough, the coverage area is small, and the city FM broadcast signal is a signal with a relatively wide coverage area and relatively high transmission power in a city, the backscatter tag is designed and manufactured by taking an FM signal as an irradiation source.
In general, an FM signal can be represented as follows:
wherein s (t) is referred to as the direct wave of the signal, fcIs the carrier frequency, kfIn order to be frequency-sensitive,
is a phase message signal.
The modulation of the FM signal can be seen as multiplying the FM signal by cos (2 π f)bt), so that the FM signal after modulation is denoted as sb(t), called pair FM SignalThe reflected wave of the sign. Namely:
order to
Is provided with
Then sbAnd (t) is the signal after FM reflection and the signal actually required to be reflected, which contains the information actually required to be transmitted. Different modulation modes are selected, and different utilization modes can be provided. The simplest and easiest to implement modulation is OOK modulation, and this embodiment also uses OOK modulation to modulate the reflected signal.
The existing FM backscatter tag only reflects FM signals and loads required information, so that the power consumption is large and the communication distance is short.
In order to increase the communication distance, it is necessary to receive as large an FM signal as possible, amplify the FM signal, modulate the FM signal, and reflect the FM signal. Based on this, the present embodiment designs an amplifier, i.e. a reflective tag, for backscattering FM signals. Specifically, referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a block diagram of an FM backscatter amplifier according to an embodiment of the present invention, including:
the data transceiver module 1 is used for receiving FM signals;
the frequency selection module 2 is connected with the data transceiver module 1 and is used for performing frequency selection on the FM signals to obtain FM signals of a certain frequency band;
the amplifying module 3 is connected with the frequency selecting module 2 and used for amplifying the FM signals of a certain frequency band to obtain amplified FM signals;
and the modulation module 4 is connected with the amplification module 3 and is used for modulating the amplified FM signal and controlling the amplification module 3 to reflect the amplified FM signal, namely, a backscatter signal.
Further, the data transceiver module 1 is also configured to transmit the amplified FM signal.
Specifically, the data transceiver module 1 includes an Antenna and a second SMA interface J2, where one end of the second SMA interface J2 is connected to the Antenna, and the other end is connected to the frequency selection module 2.
In practice, the receiving end of the tag acquires the FM signal through the antenna, and although the transmitting power of the urban FM signal is up to hundreds of kilowatts, the FM signal which is far away must be acquired at the receiving end as large as possible, and the received FM signal reaches-50 dbm and even lower reaches-60 dmb when the FM signal is measured at a position 4.7Km away from the signal transmitting tower. Therefore, when the backscatter amplifier is designed, the embodiment needs to ensure that the reflection coefficient is as large as possible, so that more FM signals can be acquired under low power.
Preferably, this embodiment selects SMA (Small a Type) connector as a wireless device connection antenna.
Further, the frequency selection module 2 includes a frequency selection capacitor C1, and two ends of the frequency selection capacitor C1 are respectively connected to the second SMA interface J2 and the amplification module 3.
In this embodiment, because the FM signal has a larger bandwidth in practice, and the front end of the present design is not provided with a filter, although the FM signal has a reflection function for one of the FM stations that is expected to reflect, the FM signal of the whole frequency band will actually reflect, which will have a certain effect on the tag, and the amplification factor will be reduced to a certain extent. Therefore, after receiving the FM signal, the present embodiment selects the FM signal of a certain frequency band by using a frequency selection capacitor for subsequent processing. Meanwhile, the FM signal with a certain bandwidth can also reduce interference caused by fluctuation.
Further, the amplifying module 3 includes a tunnel diode T, an anode of the tunnel diode T is connected to the frequency-selecting capacitor C1, and a cathode of the tunnel diode T is grounded.
Specifically, in this embodiment, a tunnel diode of the type GI307A is selected as an amplifier device, and the diode has a characteristic of low power consumption, and only needs a bias voltage of less than 100mV and a current of 1mA, and the power consumption can be as low as 0.1 mW. The tunnel diode can reflect and amplify incident signals by using quantum tunneling effect at the cost of a certain amount of bias power.
Further, the modulation module 4 includes a first SMA interface J1, a voltage-stabilizing capacitor C2, and an isolation inductor L1, where one end of the first SMA interface J1 is connected to the modulation signal, the other end of the first SMA interface J1 is connected to the voltage-stabilizing capacitor C2 and the isolation inductor L1, the other end of the voltage-stabilizing capacitor C2 is grounded, and the other end of the isolation inductor L1 is connected to the anode of the tunnel diode T.
Specifically, the SMA interface J1 is still selected as the connector for connecting the tag and the modulation signal in this embodiment. One end of the SMA interface J1 is connected with a bias voltage as a modulation signal, and an isolation inductor L1 is arranged between the bias voltage and the tunnel diode and used for isolating a radio frequency signal from a direct current bias. In addition, in order to prevent the influence of the FM signal on the direct current, a voltage stabilizing capacitor C2 is added at the direct current offset to prevent the voltage impact caused by the direct current offset and stabilize the direct current offset.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a detailed circuit diagram of an FM backscatter amplifier according to an embodiment of the invention. In practice, a modulation signal may be generated by modulation of the bias voltage to control the presence or absence of tag reflections. The specific process is that the bias voltage is controlled to be turned on and turned off at a certain frequency, when an FM signal enters a label, the FM signal is moved on a frequency spectrum, modulated information is added to the moved signal and reflected out on an original path, and a receiver can acquire the information by demodulating the modulated information.
Further, in practical application, a bias voltage can be connected to one end of the first SMA interface J1, and the voltage is directly modulated by a single chip microcomputer to generate a modulation signal, so that the tunnel diode is controlled to reflect the amplified and modulated FM signal. In addition, the modulation circuit can be redesigned according to the actually needed signal size to generate the modulation signal. For example, please refer to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a modulation circuit structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; it includes: the device comprises a button cell CR2032, two voltage regulators TPS79730 and TPS79718, a single chip microcomputer MSP30FR2433, a Variable capacitor Variable Resistance, a follower TLV313 and a one-out-of-four multiplexer ADG904, wherein the TAG is a label.
The whole modulation circuit outputs stable 1.8V and 3V voltages through two voltage regulators TPS79718 and TPS79730, the output of 3V supplies power to MSP430FR2433, and the voltage division of 1.8V through a variable resistor generates a variable voltage of 0-450mV, which can adjust the voltage value of the label to an optimal gain value. TLV313 is used to stabilize the output voltage. Since the modulation voltage generated by the MSP430FR2433 is about 3V, the tag cannot bear such a large voltage, because once the voltage is too large, the tunnel diode will be broken down, and the tag loses the amplification effect. The voltage modulation is carried out through the circuit, the voltage output to the label can be stabilized at a millivolt level, the ADG904 is used as a radio frequency selection switch, a millivolt level modulation wave is generated by utilizing the selection function of the radio frequency selection switch, and the normal work of the tunnel diode is ensured.
In this embodiment, after the tag circuit design is completed, simulation is also performed to determine relevant device parameters.
First, at the beginning of design, the FM signal power of the local area needs to be measured by a spectrometer, which is about 91.6Mhz, 93.1Mhz, 98.8Mhz, 102.4Mhz, 106.1Mhz and 104.3 Mhz. Due to the fact that the power of FM signals in different areas or different places is different, the FM signals with different power levels can be received indoors and outdoors in the far and near areas away from the FM transmitting tower. In the embodiment, when designing, the selected transmission tower is 4.7Km away from the local area, and through comparison, a broadcast station with power of 98.8Mhz is selected, wherein the first is that the strength of the 98.8Mhz radio station is better, and the second is that the radio station interval around the radio station is larger, so that a better frequency band can be provided for modulation.
The current-voltage characteristic of the selected tunnel diode GI307A is then obtained. Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a current-voltage characteristic curve of the tunnel diode GI307A according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Finally, SPICE model is made according to the detailed circuit diagram provided by the figure 2 and simulation is carried out.
Specifically, according to the embodiment, ADS is adopted for simulation design, microstrip lines and separation components are used for simulation, and capacitive inductors can be produced by village and farmland devices and introduced into an SPICE model for simulation.
As has been analyzed above, in order to obtain more FM signals at low power, it is necessary to design the reflective tag so that the reflection coefficient is as large as possible. Therefore, when performing simulation, the length of the microstrip line and the capacitance inductance value need to be adjusted to make the reflection point reach the required reflection frequency point, and then the reflection is adjusted to be larger. Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a diagram of reflection coefficients matched in design according to an embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 5, the reflection of the reflection coefficient S1.1 can reach about 30 db. Therefore, when the simulation is carried out, the circuit device parameters which enable the parameter S1.1 to reach 30db are selected to carry out the manufacture of the PCB. And manufacturing the PCB after the simulation is finished. Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a PCB layout of a tag according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The FM backscatter amplifier provided by this embodiment amplifies an FM signal using the characteristic of the tunnel diode, increases a reflected signal under the condition that the power consumption is low, and can make the transmission distance reach 20m, thereby greatly extending the communication distance.
Example two
On the basis of the first embodiment, the embodiment provides an FM backscatter system, which includes a backscatter tag and a reader, where the backscatter tag is configured to receive an FM signal in a current area and perform backscatter after amplification and modulation, and the reader is configured to receive the signal after amplification and modulation, that is, a backscatter signal, and perform demodulation to obtain required information; the backscatter tag may be the FM backscatter amplifier described in the first embodiment. Referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an FM backscatter system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Further, in the embodiment, the reader receiving aspect adopts the mode that data transmitted at the Gnuradio can be successfully demodulated by receiving and demodulating the data by using the USRP B200 in Gnuradio. Referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an operation process of the system according to the embodiment of the present invention, in which TAG denotes a backscatter TAG, and Reader denotes a Reader.
The TAG receives an FM signal (FM signal), performs modulation amplification on the FM signal, then generates a backscattering signal (Backscatter signal), and the Reader (Reader) receives the backscattering signal and performs demodulation on the backscattering signal, so that required data are obtained.
The FM backscatter system provided by the embodiment adopts the amplified tag, so that compared with a common tag, the signal of the amplified tag is better, and the transmission distance is longer.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. An FM backscatter amplifier, comprising:
the data transceiver module (1) is used for receiving FM signals;
the frequency selection module (2) is connected with the data transceiver module (1) and is used for performing frequency selection on the FM signals to obtain FM signals of a certain frequency band;
the amplifying module (3) is connected with the frequency selecting module (2) and is used for amplifying the FM signals of the certain frequency range to obtain amplified FM signals;
and the modulation module (4) is connected with the amplification module (3) and is used for modulating the amplified FM signal and controlling the amplification module (3) to reflect the amplified FM signal.
2. FM backscatter amplifier according to claim 1, wherein the data transceiver module (1) is further configured to transmit the amplified FM signal.
3. FM backscatter amplifier according to claim 1, wherein the data transceiver module (1) comprises an Antenna (Antenna) and a second SMA interface (J2), one end of the second SMA interface (J2) being connected to the Antenna (Antenna) and the other end being connected to the frequency selective module (2).
4. FM backscatter amplifier according to claim 3, characterised in that the frequency selective module (2) comprises a frequency selective capacitor (C1), the two ends of the frequency selective capacitor (C1) being connected to the second SMA interface (J2) and the amplification module (3), respectively.
5. FM backscatter amplifier according to claim 4, wherein the amplification module (3) comprises a tunnel diode (T), the anode of the tunnel diode (T) being connected to the frequency selective capacitor (C1), and the cathode of the tunnel diode (T) being connected to ground.
6. The FM backscatter amplifier of claim 5, wherein said tunnel diode is of the type GI 307A.
7. FM backscatter amplifier according to claim 1, wherein the modulation module (4) comprises a first SMA interface (J1), a voltage stabilizing capacitor (C2) and an isolation inductor (L1), wherein one end of the first SMA interface (J1) is connected to a modulation signal, the other end is connected to the voltage stabilizing capacitor (C2) and the isolation inductor (L1), the other end of the voltage stabilizing capacitor (C2) is connected to ground, and the other end of the isolation inductor (L1) is connected to the anode of the tunnel diode (T).
8. An FM backscatter system is characterized by comprising a backscatter tag and a reader, wherein the backscatter tag is used for receiving an FM signal of a current area and performing backscatter after amplification and modulation, and the reader is used for receiving the amplified and modulated signal and performing demodulation to obtain required information;
wherein the backscatter tag comprises the FM backscatter amplifier of any of claims 1-7.
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| WO2023184534A1 (en) * | 2022-04-02 | 2023-10-05 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Wireless communication method and device |
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| WO2023184534A1 (en) * | 2022-04-02 | 2023-10-05 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Wireless communication method and device |
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