CN112350282A - 一种用于防止铝电解电容过压漏液失效的方法 - Google Patents

一种用于防止铝电解电容过压漏液失效的方法 Download PDF

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CN112350282A
CN112350282A CN202011295553.6A CN202011295553A CN112350282A CN 112350282 A CN112350282 A CN 112350282A CN 202011295553 A CN202011295553 A CN 202011295553A CN 112350282 A CN112350282 A CN 112350282A
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electrolytic capacitor
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aluminum electrolytic
dcdc converter
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CN112350282B (zh
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吴琼
李晨光
张凯旋
张海东
范桂杰
朱建国
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Shenzhen Winline Technology Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/16Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for capacitors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/1213Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for DC-DC converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提出的一种控制策略和方法,当判断到电源模块出现输入半母线电容被短路的故障时,通过控制DCDC变换器的MOS管开通,使输入保险因流过大电流而熔断断开,来保护输入母线铝电解电容不因长期过压而失效。

Description

一种用于防止铝电解电容过压漏液失效的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及高频开关电源、电动汽车充电模块领域,尤其涉及用于防止铝电解电容过压漏液失效的方法。
背景技术
由于铝电解电容具有单位体积容量特别大、较高的耐压且成本低等这些优点,铝电解电容大量用于电力电子变换器当中,尤其多使用于输入母线、输出母线,用来减小输入、输出母线电压纹波。但是铝电解电容也有2个较严重的缺点:1)寿命受环温影响严重,温度越高电解液的挥发损耗越快,寿命越低;2)过压失效容易爆掉,导致大量电解液流出本体外,使产品和系统内部大面积被电解液污染,严重时会导致整个系统无法正常工作。
采用三相电输入的ACDC电源模块,其输入母线较高,市场上大多数采用耐压为450V的铝电解电容串联(见图1,Cp与Cn串联),若出现上半母线电容Cp或者下半母线电容Cn短路的故障,则另一半母线电容将承受三相输入电压被整流后的峰值电压,该电容非常容易过压失效。故需要对铝电解电容加入额外的保护措施,防止过压失效。
图1为DCDC三电平变换器,若出现Q1、Q2、Q3、D2或者Q5、Q6、Q7、D4短路失效,则会将上半母线电容短路;若出现Q2、Q3、Q4、D1或者Q6、Q7、Q8、D3短路失效,则会将下半母线电容短路。此时变换器已经触发到过流保护,PFC、DCDC变换器已经停止发波工作,但是输入保险有很大概率没有损坏,输入三相电通过桥式整流电压叠加在没有短路的半母线电容上。该电压长时间加在上面,没有被短路的半母线电容就会全部过压爆掉,电解液流出本体,将产品和系统内部大面积污染,使失效故障进一步扩大。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提出一种用于防止铝电解电容过压漏液失效的保护策略和方法。
当DCDC变换器出现使输入半母线电容短路的故障,电源模块由于触发到OCP告警而关闭主功率MOS管发波,处于待机状态,当检测到电源模块处于待机状态,如果判断半母线电压出现一边大于V1,另一边小于V2,且持续时间大于t,则将相关的DCDC变换器MOS管开通,主动让输入保险过流熔断失效,使输入母线电解电容得到保护。
其中V1取铝电解电容耐压值,V2取200V;时间t为铝电解电容承受最高电压时不爆裂的时间。其中电源模块为三电平变换器,包括Q1-Q4和Q5-Q8两组MOS管,Q1、Q5为Cp侧MOS管,Q4、Q8为Cn侧MOS管,具体步骤包括:
(1)电源模块上电,
(2)初始化,
(3)对输入半母线电压Vn和Vp采样,
(4)判定电源模块处于待机状态且检测到半母线电压:
(a)如果Vp>V1且Vn<V2,持续时间大于t,则开通DCDC变换器MOS管Q1、Q5;
(b)如果Vn>V1且Vp<V2,持续时间大于t,则开通DCDC变换器MOS管Q4、Q8;
如果不满足(4)的条件,则再次对输入半母线电压Vn和Vp采样。
本发明具有如下有益效果:保护输入铝电解电容因过压失效,防止故障进一步扩大,避免造成重大损失。
附图说明
图1 是现有技术中的三电平变换器;
图2是Cp短路和Cn短路的示意图;
图3 是根据本发明的保护策略控制流程图;
图4 是三相维也纳PFC电路。
具体实施方式
为了实现本发明的技术方案,让更多的工程技术工作者容易了解和应用本发明,将结合具体实施方式以及控制方案,进一步阐述如何使输入母线电容得到安全的保护。
为了避免铝电解电容过压漏液失效,本实施例采用如下方式。本发明针对采用三相电输入,DCDC变换采用三电平变换器的ACDC电源模块,提供一种用于防止铝电解电容过压漏液失效的保护策略和方法。当检测到模块处于待机状态,如果判断半母线电压出现一边大于V1,另一边小于V2,且持续时间大于t,则将相关的DCDC变换器MOS管开通。此时主动让输入保险过流熔断失效,使输入母线电解电容得到保护。电源模块输入三相电压范围是303VAC---475VAC,模块待机时,三相电通过桥式整流后叠加在全母线上的电压范围为428VDC---672VDC,若DCDC变换器出现使输入半母线电容Cp或则Cn短路的故障,则另外半母线承受的最高电压为672VDC。V1可以取铝电解电容耐压值,V2取200V即可;判断时间t,可参考铝电解电容承受最高电压672VDC时不爆裂的时间。
如图2,若是Q1、Q2、Q3、D2出现短路故障,将上半母线电容短路,则将Q4开通;若是Q2、Q3、Q4、D1出现短路故障,将下半母线电容短路则将Q5开通,这时输入电就被短路,输入保险会有很大电流流过,将输入保险熔断,使产品内部电路与输入电断开。这样断开本应该起到保护作用的输入保险,使输入电解电容避免因长期过压而失效。
执行流程如图3所示,(1)电源模块上电,(2)DSP初始化,(3)对输入半母线电压Vn和Vp采样,(4)判定电源模块处于待机状态且检测到半母线电压:(a)如果Vp>V1且Vn<V2,持续时间大于t,则开通DCDC变换器MOS管Q1、Q5;(b)如果Vn>V1且Vp<V2,持续时间大于t,则开通DCDC变换器MOS管Q4、Q8;如果不满足(4)的条件,则再次对输入半母线电压Vn和Vp采样。
当DCDC变换器出现使输入半母线电容短路的故障,电源模块由于触发到OCP告警而关闭主功率MOS管发波,处于待机状态,此时若检测到半母线电容电压Vp>V1且Vn<V2,持续时间t,则将DCDC变换器Q1、Q5开通;若检测到半母线电容电压Vn>V1&&Vp<V2,则将DCDC变换器Q4、Q8开通,使三相输入电被短路,最终使输入保险因为流过大电流熔断,使模块内侧与输入电脱开,从而保护输入母线铝电解电容不因长期过压失效。图4是三相维也纳PFC电路。
本发明提出的一种控制策略和方法,当判断到电源模块出现输入半母线电容被短路的故障时,通过控制DCDC变换器的MOS管开通,使输入保险因流过大电流而熔断断开,来保护输入母线铝电解电容不因长期过压而失效。
本发明适用于所有DCDC采用三电平拓扑的ACDC电源模块,可防止输入母线铝电解电容因过压失效,避免大量电解液流出本体,导致模块内部和系统被大面积污染,可避免造成重大损失。
上述实施方式仅是示例性的示出本发明,并不企图限制本发明。另外对于没有详细描述的步骤属于本领域技术人员熟知的技术内容。对于涵盖在本发明构思内的相应的变换和更改均在本发明范围内。

Claims (3)

1.一种用于防止铝电解电容过压漏液失效的方法,当DCDC变换器出现使输入半母线电容短路的故障,电源模块由于触发到OCP告警而关闭主功率MOS管发波,处于待机状态,当检测到电源模块处于待机状态,如果判断半母线电压出现一边大于V1,另一边小于V2,且持续时间大于t,则将相关的DCDC变换器MOS管开通,主动让输入保险过流熔断失效,使输入母线电解电容得到保护。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中V1取铝电解电容耐压值,V2取200V;时间t为铝电解电容承受最高电压时不爆裂的时间。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中电源模块为三电平变换器,包括Q1-Q4和Q5-Q8两组MOS管,Q1、Q5为Cp侧MOS管,Q4、Q8为Cn侧MOS管,具体步骤包括:
(1)电源模块上电,
(2)初始化,
(3)对输入半母线电压Vn和Vp采样,
(4)判定电源模块处于待机状态且检测到半母线电压:
(a)如果Vp>V1且Vn<V2,持续时间大于t,则开通DCDC变换器MOS管Q1、Q5;
(b)如果Vn>V1且Vp<V2,持续时间大于t,则开通DCDC变换器MOS管Q4、Q8;
如果不满足(4)的条件,则再次对输入半母线电压Vn和Vp采样。
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JP2013150431A (ja) * 2012-01-18 2013-08-01 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 電力変換装置
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CN105958436A (zh) * 2016-06-29 2016-09-21 李卫春 一种电容故障的保护电路
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CN110460019A (zh) * 2019-09-11 2019-11-15 深圳市永联科技股份有限公司 一种桥式变换器短路保护的控制方法及装置
CN210693443U (zh) * 2019-10-15 2020-06-05 麦克维尔空调制冷(武汉)有限公司 一种变频器母线短路保护装置

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1887672A1 (en) * 2006-03-27 2008-02-13 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation System linkage inverter apparatus
JP2013150431A (ja) * 2012-01-18 2013-08-01 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 電力変換装置
CN103647469A (zh) * 2013-12-09 2014-03-19 湖南大学 一种三电平逆变器开关电源的供电及保护电路
CN104734122A (zh) * 2013-12-20 2015-06-24 艾默生网络能源有限公司 一种电容过压保护电路及电源
CN105958436A (zh) * 2016-06-29 2016-09-21 李卫春 一种电容故障的保护电路
CN107359688A (zh) * 2017-08-18 2017-11-17 华为技术有限公司 供电设备的故障处理方法及装置
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