CN112344567A - Compact tracking type composite light-gathering solar heat collection system - Google Patents
Compact tracking type composite light-gathering solar heat collection system Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/40—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/30—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with lenses
- F24S23/31—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with lenses having discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lenses
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
- F24S50/20—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors for tracking
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
- F24S70/20—Details of absorbing elements characterised by absorbing coatings; characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption
- F24S70/225—Details of absorbing elements characterised by absorbing coatings; characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption for spectrally selective absorption
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
- F24S70/60—Details of absorbing elements characterised by the structure or construction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
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Abstract
The invention relates to a compact tracking type composite light-gathering solar heat collecting system which comprises a plurality of light-gathering and heat collecting units arranged in parallel, a tracking transmission device connected with the light-gathering and heat collecting units and a support. The light and heat gathering unit is a sealed cavity structure consisting of a composite light gathering device and a heat gathering device; the tracking actuator may employ astronomical tracking or photoelectric tracking. According to the invention, through optimally designing the CPC, the efficient integration of the CPC and the Fresnel lens is realized, the compactness and the optical performance of the composite light-gathering device are improved, and the requirement on the tracking precision is reduced; the composite light gathering device and the heat collecting device are sealed to form a closed heat preservation chamber, so that heat exchange with the external environment is effectively reduced, and the heat collecting efficiency is improved; the compact tracking type composite light-gathering solar heat collection system designed by the invention is convenient to integrate with a building, can be connected in series and in parallel according to actual needs, improves the heat collection temperature and the heat collection amount of the system, and meets the heat utilization requirement of medium and low temperature (100-200 ℃).
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of solar photo-thermal utilization, in particular to a compact tracking type composite light-gathering solar heat collection system which is applied to the field of solar medium-low temperature (100-200 ℃) heat utilization.
Background
Energy is the basis of development and survival of human society, and with continuous progress of human society, the consumption of energy is increasing day by day, and non-renewable energy represented by fossil energy faces the problem of exhaustion, so that the development and utilization of renewable energy have very important significance. The solar energy has the characteristics of wide sources, cleanness, no pollution and inexhaustibility, and can reasonably utilize the solar energy and obtain great economic and social benefits. Solar low temperature heat utilization, such as solar water heaters, have been commercially implemented. The solar energy medium-low temperature (100-200 ℃) heat utilization is still in a test stage at present. The development of compact solar energy medium and low temperature heat utilization system suitable for building integration is one of the important directions of current research. The Fresnel lens has the characteristics of small volume, light weight, low cost, high convergence of light and the like, and is expected to be used for a compact light-focusing heat collector. However, most of the current solar heat collectors based on the linear Fresnel lens are generally longer in focal length and larger in structural size, and are not suitable for being integrated with buildings; in addition, the collector acceptance angle is quite limited, about 1 °, and when the incident light exceeds the acceptance angle, the light collection efficiency drops sharply, which means that a high-precision tracking system must be employed to ensure efficient operation. Chinese patent No. 201810966767.8 discloses a fresnel lens type solar collector, which converges solar rays to a small range and then adopts compound parabolic secondary light condensation, but because of the non-tracking solar collector, the effective working time of the whole day is short, and the solar utilization rate is low. Chinese patent application No. 201710655928.7 discloses a movable linear fresnel lens-CPC concentrating solar collector, which adjusts the fresnel lens according to the change of the solar latitude position, so as to prolong the annual heat collecting time, but the annual average heat collecting efficiency is not high (although the fresnel lens is moved, the light is collected to the heat collecting tube, the optical efficiency when the light is not vertically incident to the fresnel lens is not high, and the heat collecting efficiency is further affected); meanwhile, as the Fresnel lens adopts a sliding design, effective sealing cannot be formed in the cavity, so that heat loss is increased, and heat collection efficiency is reduced. The utility model discloses a utility model patent for 201120038022.9 provides a tracking formula fresnel lens's solar collector, adopts continuous tracking can improve optics efficiency and heat collection time effectively, but the device need dispose the tracker of high accuracy, and the running cost is higher, and takes up an area of when multiunit heat collector installation great, is unfavorable for with the building integration. In addition, the Fresnel lens solar heat collectors are optimized only for a single heat collector, in practical application, a heat collection system is generally formed by a plurality of groups of heat collectors, and a plurality of groups of heat collector units need to be integrally designed, so that the system has the characteristics of compact structure, low operation cost, long light condensation-heat collection time, high heat collection temperature and efficiency and the like.
In summary, how to increase the heat collection temperature of the fresnel lens type solar heat collector system, improve the optical-heat collection efficiency and the structural compactness thereof, and meanwhile, the requirement on the tracking precision is low, which is an important measure for promoting the utilization of the solar medium-temperature heat.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of large structure, low optical-heat collecting efficiency and strict tracking precision requirement of the conventional tracking type Fresnel lens type solar heat collecting system and provides a compact tracking type Fresnel lens-CPC composite light-gathering solar heat collecting system. The system consists of a plurality of groups of composite light-gathering solar heat collectors. The solar heat collector adopts the integrated design of a linear Fresnel lens and a Compound Parabolic Condenser (CPC), wherein the linear Fresnel lens is used as a primary condenser, and the CPC is used as a secondary condenser. Through the optimization design of the CPC, the effective receiving angle of the composite condenser is improved, and the tracking precision is reduced; meanwhile, the Fresnel lens is optimally designed, so that the height of the composite condenser is reduced, and the structural compactness of the composite condenser is improved. In addition, the effective running time is prolonged and the light condensation-heat collection efficiency is improved by intermittently tracking the solar rays all day, so that the high-efficiency heat collection at 100-200 ℃ is realized.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a compact tracking type composite light-gathering solar heat collecting system comprises a plurality of light-gathering and heat collecting units which are arranged in parallel, a tracking transmission device connected with each light-gathering and heat collecting unit and a bracket;
the light and heat gathering unit is a sealed cavity structure consisting of a composite light gathering device and a heat gathering device; the compound light-gathering device consists of a CPC light-gathering device, a cavity and a Fresnel lens; the CPC condenser is arranged at the axial symmetry line of the cavity, the Fresnel lens is arranged at the top of the cavity, and the focal line of the CPC condenser is superposed with the focal line of the Fresnel lens; the heat collecting device is arranged at the focal line of the CPC condenser and the Fresnel lens;
the tracking transmission device comprises a crank connecting rod mechanism, a transmission motor, a speed reducer and a solar tracking sensor; the solar tracking sensor is fixed on a light-gathering and heat-collecting unit and used for driving the transmission motor to operate; the crank connecting rod mechanism consists of a crank and a connecting rod; the crank is fixedly connected with a short shaft at one end of the axis of the light and heat collecting unit, and the connecting rod is connected with the crank of each light and heat collecting unit; the transmission motor drives the speed reducer to drive the crank to rotate.
As a further improvement of the invention, the light condensation ratio of the light condensation and heat collection unit is 2.6-10, and the receiving angle is 10-20 degrees. The heat collection working medium is a fluid medium, preferably air, water or heat conduction oil, and the heat collection temperature is 100-200 ℃.
As a further improvement of the invention, the heat collecting device is a metal heat collecting pipe, a double-layer glass vacuum heat collecting pipe, a heat pipe type vacuum heat collecting pipe, a straight-through metal-glass vacuum heat collecting pipe and the like which are plated with selective absorption coatings; the diameter of the heat collecting pipe is 5-47 mm.
As a further improvement of the invention, the heat collecting device is a metal heat collecting pipe plated with a selective absorption coating; the absorption rate of the selective absorption coating on the surface of the metal heat collecting pipe is 85% -95%, and the emissivity is 4% -14%.
As a further improvement of the invention, the heat collecting device is a double-layer glass vacuum heat collecting tube; a U-shaped copper pipe is arranged in the double-layer glass vacuum heat collecting pipe; one end of the double-layer glass vacuum heat collecting tube is open, the other end of the double-layer glass vacuum heat collecting tube is closed, and the surface of the inner glass tube is coated with a selective absorption coating; the U-shaped copper pipe is fixed in the all-glass vacuum pipe through a cylindrical aluminum wing.
As a further improvement of the invention, the cavity of the composite light-gathering device is made of glass fiber reinforced plastic, aluminum alloy, stainless steel and the like, and the vacuum degree in the cavity is 10-5~105MPa。
As a further improvement of the invention, the tracking transmission device carries out intermittent tracking, the rotation angle during intermittent tracking is 10-20 degrees, and the opening plane of the heat collecting unit can be kept facing east in the morning, south in the noon and west in the afternoon. The operation mode of the compound light-gathering solar heat collector integrated by the Fresnel lens and the Compound Parabolic Condenser (CPC) in the prior art is usually a fixed type or a continuous tracking type. The invention has simple and compact operation structure and low cost; the heat collector can obtain high heat collecting efficiency under the intermittent tracking condition, and the high-efficiency running time of the whole day is prolonged.
As a further improvement of the invention, the light-gathering and heat-collecting units are connected in series through hoses, and the working medium outlet end of the previous light-gathering and heat-collecting unit is connected with the working medium inlet end of the next light-gathering and heat-collecting unit; every 2-10 light-gathering and heat-collecting units are connected in series to form 1 group, and every 2-10 groups are connected in parallel to form one set.
As a further improvement of the Fresnel lens, the Fresnel lens is made of transparent plastic, preferably organic glass or resin, the transmissivity is 85% -95%, the focal length is 30-500 mm, and the F number (the ratio of the focal length to the diameter of the lens) is 0.8-1.2.
As a further improvement of the invention, two ends of the axis of the closed cavity body are closed by baffles, short shafts are fixed on the baffles, and the short shafts penetrate through the bearings with the seats to fix the cavity body on the bracket; preferably, the baffle is a metal plate, and stainless steel, aluminum alloy and the like can be selected;
as a further improvement of the invention, the CPC condenser is made of reflecting materials such as mirror aluminum and stainless steel, the reflectivity of the CPC is 80-98%, and the maximum receiving angle of the CPC is 80-120 degrees.
As a further improvement of the invention, the bracket is formed by connecting a plurality of hot-galvanized square pipes through welding.
The operation scheme of the compact tracking type composite light-gathering solar heat collection system is as follows: when solar rays are vertically incident on the surface of the linear Fresnel lens, the rays are converged on the heat collecting tube at the focal line right below through the linear Fresnel lens, when the incident ray angle is deflected, part of the deflected rays after being refracted by the lens can be reflected on the heat collecting tube again through secondary condensation of the CPC condenser, so that the deflected rays are absorbed and converted into heat energy, a fluid working medium to be heated is introduced into the heat collecting tube, and the absorbed heat energy is transferred to the working medium flowing in the tube and then flows out of the pipeline; when incident solar rays are deflected in one day, rays beyond the receiving angle range are not received, so that the energy received by the heat collector is not uniform, and the heat collection efficiency is low, therefore, the receiving plane of the solar heat collector can be adjusted along with the change of the incident rays, so that the receiving surface of the heat collector faces the east in the morning, the south in the noon and the west in the afternoon, and the incident solar rays are kept in the receiving angle range all the time; more specifically, the solar tracking sensor controls the transmission motor to rotate, the transmission motor drives the speed reducer to rotate, so that the CPC heat collecting cavity is driven to rotate around the axis, the crank connected with the extending short shaft also performs one-dimensional circular motion, and the connecting rod moves under the driving of the crank and finally drives the rest of the solar heat collector units connected with the connecting rod to rotate together.
The compact tracking type composite light-gathering solar heat collecting system comprises a plurality of groups of composite light-gathering solar heat collectors, and can increase the effective receiving angle of the heat collectors to light rays and reduce the height of the light-gathering heat collectors through the optimized design of a secondary light gathering device consisting of a linear Fresnel lens and a CPC (compound parabolic concentrator).
According to the compact tracking type composite light-gathering solar heat collecting system, the sealing structure design is adopted between the composite light-gathering device and the heat collecting device, so that the heat loss of the heat collecting device can be effectively reduced, and the heat collecting efficiency is improved; in addition, the heat collecting pipe with small diameter is selected preferably, the light condensing ratio of the heat collector can be further improved, the heat collecting temperature is further improved, and medium-temperature heat collection is realized.
The compact tracking type composite light-gathering solar heat collecting system realizes the intermittent tracking of the positions of a plurality of light-gathering heat collecting unit points through a simple crank connecting rod device, and is convenient to integrate with a building; in addition, the multiple groups of light-gathering and heat-collecting units can be connected in series and in parallel according to actual needs, so that the heat collecting temperature and the heat collecting quantity of the system are improved, and the medium-temperature heat utilization requirement is met. Particularly, when the heat collection system adopts air as a heat transfer medium, hot air (100-200 ℃) can be used as a heat source for regenerating an adsorbent in an adsorption drying system to replace the traditional electric heating heat supply mode, so that the traditional energy is effectively saved, the drying cost of the system is reduced, and the heat collection system has the obvious advantages of energy conservation and emission reduction.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the entire structure of embodiment 1.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a light and heat collecting unit; FIG. 2(A) is a cross-sectional view of a single heat collecting unit using a double-layered glass vacuum tube as a heat collecting tube; FIG. 2(B) is a cross-sectional view of a single heat collection unit with a heat collection tube made of a metal tube plated with a selective coating.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a heat collecting tube made of double-layer glass vacuum tubes;
wherein: the solar heat collector comprises a support 1, a heat collecting tube 2, a cavity 3, a linear Fresnel lens 4, an aluminum alloy frame 5, a sealing ring 6, a U-shaped copper tube 7, a hose 8, a solar tracking sensor 9, a transmission motor 10, a connecting rod 11, a crank 12, a speed reducer 13, a tail support 14, a copper tube inlet end 15, a copper tube outlet end 16, a cylindrical aluminum wing 17, a double-layer glass vacuum tube 18 and a CPC condenser 19.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of refraction of light rays of the linear fresnel lens in embodiment 1.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the tracking type hybrid concentrating solar heat collecting system of embodiment 1; FIG. 5(A) is a schematic view of a primary view of the system for tracking initial position in the morning; FIG. 5(B) is a schematic view of the main view of the noon tracking system; fig. 5(C) is a schematic view of the main view of the afternoon stop time tracking system.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples. It should be understood that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, and should not be used to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in figure 1, the embodiment of the invention discloses a compact tracking type composite light-gathering solar heat collection system with a light-gathering ratio of 2.6 and a receiving angle of 10 degrees, which comprises a support 1, 6 array heat collection units arranged in parallel and a tracking transmission device arranged on the support 1, wherein each light-gathering heat collection unit is of a sealed cavity structure consisting of a composite light-gathering device and a heat collection device, the composite light-gathering device comprises a CPC light-gathering device 19, a cavity 3 (the rightmost side in figure 1 is a driving heat collection cavity, and the rest are driven heat collection cavities) and a linear Fresnel lens 4, the vacuum degree of the cavity 3 is 105Pa; the heat collecting device is a heat collecting pipe 2 arranged in the cavity; the distance between the central axes of the adjacent light and heat collecting units is 480 mm.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the bracket 1 is formed by welding a plurality of hot-dip galvanized square pipes, and plays a role in fixing and supporting the cavity 3.
Furthermore, in the embodiment, the cavity 3 is integrally formed by glass fiber reinforced plastic, and is fixed on the bracket 1 through the short shafts extending out of the two sides of the baffle and the bearing with the seat, the baffle at the two sides of the end part is a metal plate and is connected with the cavity 3 through a screw, and the cavity 3 can rotate around the axis through the short shafts; the CPC condenser 19 is fixed at the axial symmetry line of the cavity 3, is made of reflecting mirror aluminum, has the reflectivity of 98 percent, and can reflect and converge part of deflected light rays after being refracted by the lens to the heat collecting tube 2 through the CPC when the incident light ray angle is deflected; the receiving angle of the CPC is 120 degrees; aluminum alloy mirror frames 5 pre-embedded at two sides are further arranged above the cavity 3, the linear Fresnel lens 4 is embedded in the mirror frames, the lens material is PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) material with high light transmittance and light weight, the transmittance is 95%, the focal length is 300mm, the F number (the ratio of the focal length to the diameter of the lens) is 1.2, and the path change of light after being refracted by the linear Fresnel lens 4 is shown in figure 4; the cavity 3 and the linear Fresnel lens 4 form a closed space together, and the peripheral gap part is coated with sealant, so that the heat loss can be effectively reduced, and dust and other impurities are prevented from falling into the closed space to influence the condensation effect of the condenser.
Further, as shown in fig. 2(a) and 3, a heat collecting tube 2 is arranged inside the cavity 3, and includes a double-layer glass vacuum tube 18, a cylindrical aluminum wing 17 and a U-shaped copper tube 7; the double-layer glass vacuum tube 18 is fixed at the axial symmetry line in the cavity 3 and is placed at the focal line of the linear Fresnel lens 4, one end of the double-layer glass vacuum tube 18 is open, the other end of the double-layer glass vacuum tube is closed and integrally looks like a thermos flask liner, the outer wall of the inner glass tube is coated with a selective absorption coating with high absorption rate and low emissivity, the coating material is magnetron sputtering aluminum-nitrogen-aluminum (Al-N-Al), the absorption rate is 95%, and the emissivity is 4%; the open end of the double-layer glass vacuum tube 18 is provided with a sealing ring 6 for preventing heat in the tube from dissipating, and the material of the sealing ring 6 is preferably elastic silicon rubber; the tail part of the double-layer glass vacuum tube 18 is also provided with a tail support 14 for protection; the U-shaped copper tube 7 with the two tube openings arranged in the left-right direction is fixed inside the double-layer glass vacuum tube 18 through the cylindrical aluminum wing 17 and extends out of the cavity 3, so that the heat transfer efficiency can be improved.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the working medium introduced into the compact tracking type composite light-gathering solar heat collection system adopts air, enters the heat collector from the inlet end 15 of the U-shaped copper pipe 7 for heat exchange, and then flows out from the outlet end 16 of the U-shaped copper pipe; the adjacent light-gathering and heat-collecting units are connected in series through a hose 8, the working medium outlet end of the previous light-gathering and heat-collecting unit is connected with the inlet end of the next light-gathering and heat-collecting unit, and the part of the U-shaped copper pipe 7 exposed to the air is wrapped by heat-insulating cotton to prevent the internal heat from being dissipated.
The embodiment also comprises a tracking transmission device which consists of a solar tracking sensor 9, a transmission motor 10, a speed reducer 13, a crank 12 and a connecting rod 11; the output end of the transmission motor 10 is connected with the input end of the speed reducer 13 through a key, the output end of the speed reducer 13 is connected with the short shaft on one side of the cavity 3 through a key, the crank 12 is connected with the short shaft through a screw or a key, and the connecting rod 11 is connected with the crank 12 through a pin. The solar tracking sensor 9 drives the transmission motor 10 to run, and drives the driving cavity 3 to rotate (the rightmost cavity in the figure 1) after being decelerated by the speed reducer 13; the tracking angle of the system is set to be 10 degrees which is the size of a receiving angle, a solar tracking sensor is arranged to control a transmission motor to drive the output end of a speed reducer to rotate, so that the cavity 3 is driven to rotate by 10 degrees, a crank 12 is fixedly connected with a short shaft on one side of the cavity 3 through a screw, the crank 12 is driven to rotate by the same angle when the short shaft rotates, and a connecting rod 11 connected with the crank 12 through a pin moves along with the rotation of a driving crank; at this time, the other driven cranks connected with the connecting rod 11 and the driving crank 12 do the same one-dimensional circular motion, so as to drive the other driven heat collecting units of the array to rotate by the same angle.
When the sun light changes in one day, the sun incident angle exceeds the receiving angle of the heat collector, the orientation angle of the whole heat collector can be adjusted, and the solar tracking sensor is arranged to control the transmission motor to drive the heat collector to rotate at a plurality of angles, so that the receiving surface of the heat collector faces east in the morning, keeps horizontal in the noon and faces west in the afternoon.
As shown in fig. 5(a), to this end the morning start of the tracking system, the receiving surface turns eastward; as shown in fig. 5(B), for this purpose, the tracking system rotates the receiving surface to a position perpendicular to the incident rays of the sun at midday time; to this end, the receiving surface is rotated to the west direction as shown in fig. 5(C) at the afternoon termination time of the tracking system.
The system tracking implementation process comprises the following steps: in this embodiment, the effective working time period of the tracking-type composite concentrating solar heat collecting system all day is 8: 20-15: 40, because the position of the sun at every moment changes, the sun rotates 15 degrees every hour, the tracking angle of the tracking device is set to be 10 degrees of a receiving angle, the tracking angle is adjusted once every 40 minutes, the angle of each adjustment of the system is 10 degrees, 11 position tracking adjustments are carried out all day, and the theta values are-50 degrees, -40 degrees, -30 degrees, -20 degrees, -10 degrees, 0 degrees, 10 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees, 40 degrees and 50 degrees respectively. The device was adjusted to the start time position of FIG. 5(A) at 8:20 AM, to the position of FIG. 5(B) at 11:40 PM, and to the position of FIG. 5(C) at 15:00 PM.
The heat collection process of the system in the example comprises the following steps: when the solar rays vertically enter the linear Fresnel lens 4, the rays are converged on the heat collecting tube 2 at the focal line right below through the converging effect of the linear Fresnel lens 4 on the rays; when the incident light angle is deflected, the deflected light refracted by the linear Fresnel lens 4 can be reflected by the secondary condenser CPC arranged below the linear Fresnel lens, and the deflected light is converged on the heat collecting tube 2 again so as to be absorbed and converted into heat energy; the double-layer glass vacuum tube 18 transfers the absorbed heat to the U-shaped copper tube 7 through the cylindrical aluminum wing 17 with high heat transfer efficiency, air enters the heat collection cavity through the inlet end 15 of the U-shaped copper tube, and flows out of the outlet end 16 after heat exchange is carried out in the U-shaped copper tube 7 and enters the next heat collection unit for continuous heating.
Under the same other conditions, the compound concentrating solar heat collecting system is compared with a CPC solar heat collecting system and a Fresnel lens type solar heat collecting system with the same concentrating ratio of 2.6 in a day 8: 20-15: the collector height (height of CPC opening plane/lens surface from collector center height), the total day effective operating time and the average optical efficiency were compared in 40 intermittent tracking mode of operation as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison table of all-day operation conditions of different solar heat collecting systems during intermittent tracking
| CPC solar heat collection system | Fresnel type solar heat collecting system | Composite light-gathering solar heat collecting system | |
| Height/mm of heat collector | 450.1 | 300 | 300 |
| Effective working time/h of whole day | 7.3 | 7.3 | 7.3 |
| Average optical efficiency | 63.7% | 45.0% | 73.7% |
As can be seen from the above table, in the embodiment 1 of the present invention, in the intermittent tracking operation mode, the tracking angle of the compact tracking type composite light-gathering solar heat collection system is 10 °, the effective operation time of the whole day can reach 7.3h, the average optical efficiency is 73.7%, the tracking angle is increased by 10% and 28.7% respectively compared with the CPC solar heat collection system and the fresnel type solar heat collection system, and the height of the heat collector is reduced by 33.3% compared with the CPC solar heat collection system. Therefore, the compact tracking type composite light-gathering solar heat collecting system effectively improves the optical efficiency based on the conventional solar heat collecting system, reduces the height of a light-gathering heat collector, has a more compact structure and has long light-gathering and heat-collecting time; meanwhile, the system adopts an intermittent tracking running mode, so that the requirement on the tracking precision of the system and the complexity of the system are reduced.
Example 2
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is only that the light concentration ratio of a single heat collecting unit in the compact tracking type composite light-gathering solar heat collecting system is 10, and the receiving angle is 20 degrees. The focal length of the Fresnel lens is 30mm, the F number is 0.8, the transmissivity is 85%, the CPC receiving angle of the secondary condenser is 80 degrees, the reflectivity is 80%, the heat collecting tube adopts a copper tube plated with a selective absorption coating, the diameter of the copper tube is 5mm, the absorptivity of the surface selective absorption coating is 85%, the emissivity is 14%, in order to reduce the heat dissipation loss to the external environment, a sealed cavity formed by the heat collecting tube and the composite light condensing device is vacuumized, the vacuum degree is 10-5Pa, coating sealant on the peripheral gap part to improve the sealing property; the tracking transmission device carries out intermittent tracking, the rotation angle during the intermittent tracking is set to be 20 degrees, the adjustment is carried out once every 80 minutes, and the effective working time period of the whole day is 7: 20-16: and 40, performing tracking adjustment on 7 positions, wherein the theta values are-60 degrees, -40 degrees, -20 degrees, -0 degrees, 20 degrees, 40 degrees and 60 degrees respectively. The connection mode of the relevant other parts in the system and the system tracking implementation process are the same as those in the embodiment 1.
The specific implementation mode of the invention can also realize the integrated installation with the building, flexibly change the serial or parallel connection mode among different heat collecting units, obtain the heat collecting working media with different outlet temperatures, serve as heat source supply meeting different temperature requirements, and be applied to various solar energy medium-low temperature heat utilization industries. Particularly, when the heat collection system adopts air as a heat transfer medium, hot air (100-200 ℃) can be used as a heat source for regenerating an adsorbent in an adsorption drying system to replace the traditional electric heating heat supply mode, so that the traditional energy is effectively saved, the drying cost of the system is reduced, and the heat collection system has the obvious advantages of energy conservation and emission reduction.
The composite light-gathering solar heat collecting system obtained by optimally designing the linear Fresnel lens and the CPC condenser is simple and compact in structure; by arranging a simple crank connecting rod tracking transmission device, the receiving angle of the conventional Fresnel lens type solar heat collector is effectively increased, and the height of the light-gathering heat collector, the requirement on system tracking precision and the complexity of system operation are reduced; compared with a tracking-free solar heat collector, the solar heat collector overcomes the defect of uneven received energy, improves the effective working time and heat collection efficiency all day, and effectively improves the utilization of solar energy and the light collection-heat collection effect; the heat collection device and the composite light gathering device form a sealed cavity structure, so that the heat dissipation loss to the external environment can be effectively reduced; in addition, the heat collecting pipe with small diameter is selected preferably, the light condensing ratio of the heat collector can be further improved, the heat collecting temperature is further improved, and medium-temperature heat collection is realized.
The above description of the disclosed examples is intended to be in addition to the embodiments described above, and all such modifications and equivalents are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A compact tracking type composite light-gathering solar heat collecting system is characterized by comprising a plurality of light-gathering and heat collecting units which are arranged in parallel, a tracking transmission device connected with each light-gathering and heat collecting unit and a support;
the light and heat gathering unit is a sealed cavity structure consisting of a composite light gathering device and a heat gathering device; the compound light-gathering device consists of a CPC light-gathering device, a cavity and a Fresnel lens, wherein the CPC light-gathering device is arranged at the position of an axial symmetry line of the cavity, the Fresnel lens is arranged at the top of the cavity, and a focal line of the CPC light-gathering device is superposed with a focal line of the Fresnel lens; the heat collecting device is arranged at the focal line of the CPC condenser and the Fresnel lens;
the tracking transmission device comprises a crank connecting rod mechanism, a transmission motor, a speed reducer and a solar tracking sensor; the solar tracking sensor is fixed on a light-gathering and heat-collecting unit and used for driving the transmission motor to operate; the crank connecting rod mechanism consists of a crank and a connecting rod; the crank is fixedly connected with a short shaft at one end of the axis of the light and heat collecting unit, and the connecting rod is connected with the crank of each light and heat collecting unit; the transmission motor drives the speed reducer to drive the crank to rotate.
2. The compact tracking type composite light-gathering solar heat collecting system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the light gathering ratio of the light-gathering and heat-collecting unit is 2.6-10, the receiving angle is 10-20 degrees, and the heat-collecting working medium is a fluid medium, preferably air, water or heat-conducting oil; the heat collection temperature is 100-200 ℃.
3. The compact tracking type composite concentrating solar heat collecting system according to claim 1, wherein the heat collecting device is a metal heat collecting tube plated with a selective absorption coating, a double-layer glass vacuum heat collecting tube, a heat pipe type vacuum heat collecting tube or a straight-through metal-glass vacuum heat collecting tube; the diameter of the heat collecting pipe is 5-47 mm.
4. The compact tracking type composite concentrating solar energy collecting system according to claim 1, wherein the cavity of the composite concentrating device is made of glass fiber reinforced plastic, aluminum alloy or stainless steel, and the vacuum degree in the cavity is 10-5Pa~105Pa。
5. The compact tracking type composite concentrating solar heat collecting system according to claim 1, wherein the tracking transmission device performs intermittent tracking, and the rotation angle during intermittent tracking is 10-20 degrees.
6. The compact tracking type composite light-gathering and solar heat-collecting system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the light-gathering and heat-collecting units are connected in series through hoses, and the working medium outlet end of the previous light-gathering and heat-collecting unit is connected with the working medium inlet end of the next light-gathering and heat-collecting unit; every 2-10 light-gathering and heat-collecting units are connected in series to form 1 group, and every 2-10 groups are connected in parallel to form one set.
7. The compact tracking type composite concentrating solar energy heat collecting system according to claim 2, wherein the Fresnel lens is made of organic glass or resin; the Fresnel lens has a transmissivity of 85% to 95%, a focal length of 30mm to 300mm, and a ratio of the focal length to the diameter of the lens of 0.8 to 1.2.
8. The compact tracking compound concentrating solar energy collection system according to claim 2, wherein the CPC concentrator is made of mirror aluminum or stainless steel; the reflectivity of the CPC condenser is 80% -98%, and the maximum receiving angle of the CPC condenser is 80-120 degrees.
9. The compact tracking type composite concentrating solar energy heat collecting system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the heat collecting device is a metal heat collecting tube plated with a selective absorption coating; the absorption rate of the selective absorption coating on the surface of the metal heat collecting pipe is 85% -95%, and the emissivity is 4% -14%.
10. The compact tracking type composite concentrating solar energy heat collecting system according to claim 3, wherein the heat collecting device is a double-layer glass vacuum heat collecting tube; a U-shaped copper pipe is arranged in the double-layer glass vacuum heat collecting pipe; the U-shaped copper pipe is fixed in the double-layer glass vacuum heat collecting pipe through a cylindrical aluminum wing; one end of the double-layer glass vacuum heat collecting pipe is open, the other end of the double-layer glass vacuum heat collecting pipe is closed, and the surface of an inner glass pipe of the double-layer glass vacuum heat collecting pipe is coated with a selective absorption coating.
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