CN104990286A - Composite paraboloid solar collector - Google Patents
Composite paraboloid solar collector Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种复合抛物面集热器,包括菲涅尔反射聚光镜阵列、集热器,所述菲涅尔反射聚光镜阵列置于集热器下面,所述集热器的集热部件为集热管,集热管外壁面上涂敷有吸收涂层,所述集热管的上壁面由绝热保护层和二次反射镜面组成的复合抛物面构成,集热器的下壁面由双层玻璃面构成,集热器的上、下壁面合围成密闭的腔体,形成一层空气墙。本发明采用双层玻璃的设计,综合了无隔热措施的复合抛物面集热器和真空玻璃管的复合抛物面集热器的优点,在不减少热量损失的情况下有效降低了系统集成复杂程度,结构简单,制作运行成本低,也使得集热器安全性和稳定性得以提高。
The invention relates to a compound parabolic heat collector, comprising a Fresnel reflective condenser array and a heat collector, the Fresnel reflective condenser array is placed under the heat collector, and the heat collecting part of the heat collector is a heat collecting tube , the outer wall of the heat collecting tube is coated with an absorbing coating, the upper wall of the heat collecting tube is composed of a compound paraboloid composed of a heat insulating protective layer and a secondary reflection mirror, the lower wall of the heat collector is composed of a double-layer glass surface, and the heat collecting The upper and lower walls of the device are enclosed into a closed cavity, forming a layer of air wall. The present invention adopts the design of double-layer glass, which combines the advantages of the compound parabolic heat collector without heat insulation measures and the compound parabolic heat collector of the vacuum glass tube, and effectively reduces the complexity of system integration without reducing heat loss. The structure is simple, the production and operation cost is low, and the safety and stability of the heat collector are also improved.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种反射式集热器装置,尤其是一种基于线性菲涅尔反射式集热器装置,用于提升集热器的效率,通过减少集热器与外部环境的散热实现太阳能的高效利用,提高能源的利用效率。 The invention relates to a reflective heat collector device, especially a reflective heat collector device based on linear Fresnel, which is used to improve the efficiency of the heat collector and realize solar energy by reducing heat dissipation between the heat collector and the external environment. Efficient use, improve energy utilization efficiency.
背景技术 Background technique
全球性的环境恶化和能源危机已经越来越引起全人类的普遍重视。目前就全国而言,急需发展低成本、使用方便的可再生能源利用技术,太阳能不会污染环境,它是最清洁能源之一,在环境污染越来越严重的今天,这一点是极其宝贵的。 The global environmental degradation and energy crisis have attracted more and more attention from all mankind. At present, as far as the whole country is concerned, there is an urgent need to develop low-cost, easy-to-use renewable energy utilization technologies. Solar energy will not pollute the environment. It is one of the cleanest energy sources. This is extremely valuable in today's increasingly serious environmental pollution .
中国地域辽阔,太阳能资源丰富,应该大力推行太阳能在日常生活中的使用。由于太阳能比较分散,在太阳能的热利用的关键技术是将太阳的辐射能集中起来,转换为热能。太阳能集热器是一种特殊的热交换器,将分散的太阳辐射能转化为热能,并将其热能传递给工质。太阳能集热器是太阳能热利用系统中关键的部件,集热器吸收入射太阳辐射并转化为热能,所以集热器的吸收太阳辐射的能力直接决定太阳能利用的效率。 China has a vast territory and abundant solar energy resources, so we should vigorously promote the use of solar energy in our daily life. Since solar energy is relatively scattered, the key technology in the thermal utilization of solar energy is to concentrate the sun's radiant energy and convert it into thermal energy. The solar collector is a special heat exchanger that converts the dispersed solar radiation energy into heat energy and transfers the heat energy to the working medium. The solar collector is a key component in the solar thermal utilization system. The collector absorbs the incident solar radiation and converts it into heat energy, so the ability of the collector to absorb solar radiation directly determines the efficiency of solar energy utilization.
太阳能集热器根据聚光能力分为非聚光集热器和聚光集热器两种。由于单位面积接受太阳辐射能量密度较低,非聚光集热器很难达到较高的温度,抛物面聚光器又需要复杂的跟踪系统,价格昂贵。复合抛物面集热器(CPC)是一种根据边缘光学原理设计的非成像聚光器,只要光线入射角小于其设计值,则可全部反射到集热管上,它可做为菲涅尔反射系统的接收器来吸收能量。因此复合抛物面集热器(CPC)有着广泛的应用前景。目前的线性聚光太阳能装置采用的接收装置多为直通式真空管式CPC反射聚光接收装置,由于金属接收管的外层包裹着一层或双层真空玻璃套管,因此具有热损失小,集热效率高的优点,然而其初始成本较高,真空管故障率较高,容易造成真空泄露。 Solar collectors are divided into non-concentrating collectors and concentrating collectors according to their concentrating capabilities. Due to the low energy density of receiving solar radiation per unit area, it is difficult for non-concentrating collectors to reach higher temperatures, and parabolic concentrators require complex tracking systems and are expensive. Compound Parabolic Collector (CPC) is a non-imaging concentrator designed according to the principle of edge optics. As long as the incident angle of light is smaller than its design value, it can be completely reflected on the heat collecting tube. It can be used as a Fresnel reflection system receiver to absorb energy. Therefore, the compound parabolic collector (CPC) has a wide application prospect. Most of the receiving devices used in the current linear concentrating solar energy devices are straight-through vacuum tube type CPC reflective concentrating receiving devices. Since the outer layer of the metal receiving tube is wrapped with a layer or double-layer vacuum glass sleeve, it has small heat loss and collects light. The advantage of high thermal efficiency, but its initial cost is high, the failure rate of the vacuum tube is high, and it is easy to cause vacuum leakage.
因此,需要一种结构简单,制作运行成本低,在不损失集热器集热能力的同时,易于大规模商业化生产和应用的新型复合型抛物面集热器的装置很有意义。在传统真空管抛物面型集热器的基础上,去掉真空集热管,免去了此类集热管所导致的成本高,故障率高易泄露的缺点。在集热器下部添加双层玻璃隔板,把与外部环境的导热与对流降低到最小,在与真空管型集热器有异曲同工之妙的同时,大大降低了初始成本和故障率,实现了复合抛物面型集热器大规模使用的可能性。 Therefore, it is very meaningful to need a novel composite parabolic heat collector device with simple structure, low production and operation cost, and easy large-scale commercial production and application without losing the heat collecting capacity of the heat collector. On the basis of the traditional vacuum tube parabolic heat collector, the vacuum heat collecting tube is removed, which avoids the disadvantages of high cost, high failure rate and easy leakage caused by this type of heat collecting tube. A double-layer glass partition is added to the lower part of the collector to minimize the heat conduction and convection with the external environment. While having the same effect as the vacuum tube collector, it greatly reduces the initial cost and failure rate, and realizes composite Possibility of large-scale use of parabolic collectors.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明针对现有技术中存在的问题,提供一种能有效降低运行成本、易于大规模商业化应用的复合抛物面集热器。 The invention aims at the problems existing in the prior art, and provides a compound parabolic heat collector which can effectively reduce operating costs and is easy for large-scale commercial application.
为了达到上述目的,本发明的技术方案是:一种复合抛物面集热器,包括菲涅尔反射聚光镜阵列、集热器,所述菲涅尔反射聚光镜阵列置于集热器下面,所述集热器的集热部件为集热管,集热管外壁面上涂敷有吸收涂层,所述集热管的上壁面由绝热保护层和二次反射镜面组成的复合抛物面构成,集热器的下壁面由双层玻璃面构成,集热器的上、下壁面合围成密闭的腔体,形成一层空气墙。 In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is: a compound parabolic heat collector, comprising a Fresnel reflective condenser array and a heat collector, the Fresnel reflective condenser array is placed under the heat collector, and the collector The heat collecting part of the heat collector is a heat collecting tube, and the outer wall of the heat collecting tube is coated with an absorbing coating. Composed of double-layer glass surfaces, the upper and lower walls of the collector form a closed cavity, forming a layer of air wall.
所述双层玻璃面由内玻璃和外玻璃组成,所述外玻璃的厚度为5mm-6mm,内玻璃的厚度为3mm,所述内玻璃与外玻璃之间间隙为9mm-12mm。 The double-layer glass surface is composed of inner glass and outer glass, the thickness of the outer glass is 5mm-6mm, the thickness of the inner glass is 3mm, and the gap between the inner glass and the outer glass is 9mm-12mm.
所述集热管管径为70-200mm。 The pipe diameter of the heat collecting pipe is 70-200mm.
所述二次反射镜面呈复合抛物面型,二次反射镜面与线性菲涅尔反射聚光镜阵列(1)配合设置。 The secondary reflection mirror surface is in the shape of a compound parabola, and the secondary reflection mirror surface is arranged in cooperation with the linear Fresnel reflection condenser lens array (1).
所述菲涅尔反射聚光阵列包括若干个平面或弯曲的长条形光学镜面,每个镜面的宽度为500-1000mm,长度为2000-5000mm。 The Fresnel reflective concentrating array includes several flat or curved strip-shaped optical mirrors, each of which has a width of 500-1000 mm and a length of 2000-5000 mm.
本发明相比现有技术有如下有益效果: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1.太阳能的有效吸收:在现有基于线性菲涅尔反射式集热器系统的基础上,在CPC集热器内部增加一面高透玻璃,由于光路通过双层玻璃的入射角度不会改变,增加玻璃对菲涅尔反射器的光路没有影响,集热器吸收的热量并不受影响。 1. Effective absorption of solar energy: On the basis of the existing linear Fresnel reflective collector system, a high-transparency glass is added inside the CPC collector. Since the incident angle of the light path through the double-layer glass will not change, Adding glass has no effect on the optical path of the Fresnel reflector, and the heat absorbed by the collector is not affected.
2.集热器效率的提升:与传统只有下部一层玻璃板CPC集热器相比,集热器双层玻璃板中有一层不流动的空气层,极大的减少了外部自然对流引起的集热腔内温度降低,由于双层玻璃中静止的空气层存在,外部环境与CPC腔的换热主要由导热完成,而空气的导热系数很低,所以腔内散热显著减少。散热减少意味着更多能量被吸收,即提升了集热器的效率。 2. Improvement of collector efficiency: Compared with the traditional CPC collector with only the bottom layer of glass plate, there is a layer of stagnant air layer in the double-layer glass plate of the collector, which greatly reduces the impact caused by external natural convection. The temperature in the heat collecting cavity is lowered. Due to the existence of the static air layer in the double-layer glass, the heat exchange between the external environment and the CPC cavity is mainly completed by heat conduction, and the thermal conductivity of the air is very low, so the heat dissipation in the cavity is significantly reduced. Less heat dissipation means more energy is absorbed, which increases the efficiency of the collector.
3.本项目与有真空管CPC集热器的对比:有真空外管的CPC集热器相当于在集热管外部创造绝热环境来减少散热,而权利要求的集热器增加玻璃板后,集热腔内部相当于处于一个只有下表面有导热的环境中,由于空气导热系数很低,所以也可视为CPC腔内部处于一个绝热的状态,与带真空管的CPC集热器原理相同,采用此方法将大大降低CPC集热器的制作难度。从经济角度考虑,虽然带有真空外管的CPC集热器保温功能很好,但是由于有真空管CPC集热器造价高昂且故障率高,大量投入使用耗资巨大,本发明对CPC集热器进行的改良,从而实现了大规模使用的可能性。 3. The comparison between this project and the CPC heat collector with vacuum tube: the CPC heat collector with vacuum outer tube is equivalent to creating an insulating environment outside the heat collecting tube to reduce heat dissipation, and the heat collector of the claim adds a glass plate to collect heat. The interior of the cavity is equivalent to an environment where only the lower surface has heat conduction. Since the thermal conductivity of the air is very low, it can also be regarded as the interior of the CPC cavity is in an adiabatic state. The principle is the same as that of the CPC collector with vacuum tubes. This method is adopted It will greatly reduce the difficulty of making the CPC collector. Considering from an economic point of view, although the CPC heat collector with the vacuum outer tube has a good heat preservation function, due to the high cost and high failure rate of the vacuum tube CPC heat collector, a large amount of cost is huge for putting into use. improvement, thus realizing the possibility of large-scale use.
4.通过数值模拟验证了该实施的可能性。模拟的模型为集热管直径D=180mm管长L=5000mm的一段太阳能集热器模型,入口工质温度为300K,流经时间设置为100s。模拟结果附图2,由模拟结果可看出,有双层玻璃面的集热器腔内空气温度显著上升,比无双层玻璃面的集热器腔内平均温度高出20℃,出口平均温度上升了约1.1℃。在集热器下部接近玻璃表面的位置上,无双层玻璃面的集热器温度大约为310℃,而有双层玻璃面的集热器温度约为340℃。充分说明双层玻璃面有效的阻碍了外部环境与腔内的对流换热。提升了集热器腔内的保热能力。若使用在工程中,管长为数十数百米的情况下,集热器的效率将得到明显提升。 4. The possibility of this implementation is verified by numerical simulation. The simulated model is a section of solar collector model with collector tube diameter D=180mm and tube length L=5000mm, the inlet temperature of working fluid is 300K, and the flow time is set to 100s. The simulation results are attached in Figure 2. From the simulation results, it can be seen that the air temperature in the collector cavity with double-layer glass surfaces rises significantly, which is 20°C higher than the average temperature in the collector cavity without double-layer glass surfaces, and the average temperature at the outlet The temperature increased by about 1.1°C. At the lower part of the collector close to the glass surface, the temperature of the collector without double-layer glass is about 310°C, while that of the collector with double-layer glass is about 340°C. It fully shows that the double-layer glass surface effectively hinders the convective heat transfer between the external environment and the cavity. The heat retention capacity in the collector cavity is improved. If it is used in engineering, the efficiency of the collector will be significantly improved when the pipe length is tens of meters.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本发明的结构原理示意图; Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure principle of the present invention;
图2是本发明的模拟结果图。 Fig. 2 is a diagram of simulation results of the present invention.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图与实施例对本发明作进一步说明。 The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
参见附图1,本发明的复合抛物面集热器,包括菲涅尔反射聚光阵列1、腔体2、集热器3、绝热保护层4、二次反射镜面5、吸收涂层6、集热管7、内玻璃面8、外玻璃面9。 Referring to accompanying drawing 1, compound parabolic heat collector of the present invention, comprises Fresnel reflective light-concentrating array 1, cavity 2, heat collector 3, thermal insulation protection layer 4, secondary reflection mirror surface 5, absorbing coating 6, collector Heat pipe 7, inner glass surface 8, outer glass surface 9.
集热器3与线性菲涅尔反射聚光镜阵列1配合组成太阳聚焦反射系统,独立固定设置的集热器3构成能量吸收系统,集热管7吸收装置外壁面上涂有选择性吸收涂层6,集热器3由内玻璃面8、外玻璃面9组成的下壁双层玻璃面与上壁面绝热保护层4合围成密闭的腔体2,密闭的腔体2可以有效减少能量的散失。 The heat collector 3 cooperates with the linear Fresnel reflection concentrator array 1 to form a solar focusing reflection system, and the independently fixed heat collector 3 constitutes an energy absorption system, and the outer wall of the heat collection tube 7 absorbing device is coated with a selective absorption coating 6, The heat collector 3 is composed of an inner glass surface 8 and an outer glass surface 9. The lower wall double-layer glass surface and the upper wall surface thermal insulation protection layer 4 are enclosed to form a closed cavity 2, which can effectively reduce energy loss.
太阳能反射系统中的菲涅尔反射聚光阵列1,包括若干个平面的或轻微弯曲的长条形光学镜面,能够单独或联动的围绕自身中轴翻转跟踪太阳进行反射聚光,易于模块化设计;具体的每个镜面的尺寸能够按照现有技术中的参数进行选择,宽为500-1000mm,长为2000-5000mm。 The Fresnel reflective concentrating array 1 in the solar reflective system includes several flat or slightly curved long optical mirrors, which can be flipped around their own central axis to track the sun for reflection and concentrating, and are easy to modularize. The specific size of each mirror surface can be selected according to the parameters in the prior art, with a width of 500-1000mm and a length of 2000-5000mm.
能量吸收系统由所述复合抛物面型集热器组成,集热管7外部敷有吸收涂层6,上壁面外部设置绝热保护层4,有效防止热量的散失,绝热层内设置二次反射镜面5,二次反射镜面5呈抛物面状,进入集热器的光线一部分由集热管7直接吸收,另一部分经二次反射镜面5反射至集热管7上被集热管7吸收,集热器下壁面由内、外玻璃面8、9构成的双层玻璃面组成,两层玻璃面间距为9mm-12mm,双层玻璃面因两层玻璃之间空隙较小空气基本没有运动而形成一层空气墙,外玻璃面9与外界接触,由于空气导热系数很低,双层玻璃面起到极佳的保温效果,使得集热器因对流散热损失的热量大幅降低,增大了集热量。又由于光通过双层玻璃后光路与原光路平行,太阳光的反射并不会因此受到影响。 The energy absorption system is composed of the compound parabolic heat collector. The heat collecting tube 7 is covered with an absorbing coating 6, and the upper wall surface is provided with a thermal insulation protection layer 4 to effectively prevent heat loss. A secondary reflection mirror 5 is provided in the thermal insulation layer. The secondary reflection mirror surface 5 is in the shape of a paraboloid. Part of the light entering the heat collector is directly absorbed by the heat collection tube 7, and the other part is reflected by the secondary reflection mirror surface 5 to the heat collection tube 7 and absorbed by the heat collection tube 7. The lower wall of the heat collector is drawn from the inner , The outer glass surface 8, 9 is composed of double-layer glass surfaces, the distance between the two layers of glass surfaces is 9mm-12mm, the double-layer glass surface forms a layer of air wall due to the small gap between the two layers of glass, and the air basically does not move. The glass surface 9 is in contact with the outside world. Because the thermal conductivity of the air is very low, the double-layer glass surface has an excellent thermal insulation effect, which greatly reduces the heat loss of the heat collector due to convection heat dissipation and increases the heat collection. And because the light path after the light passes through the double-layer glass is parallel to the original light path, the reflection of sunlight will not be affected.
其过程如下所述:太阳光经线性菲涅尔反射聚光镜阵列1聚光反射后集中到集热管7上,通过选择性吸收涂层6将光能转化为热能,由集热管7的管壁导热传递到内部,使其温度升高到工作温度;工质在管内流动,将管吸收的热量带走。由于双层玻璃面的存在,大大减少了集热腔内部热量的损失,使得管道吸收的热量传递给管道内部的工质,总体上提高了对太阳能的吸收率和利用率。 The process is as follows: the sunlight is concentrated and reflected by the linear Fresnel reflective concentrator array 1 and concentrated on the heat collecting tube 7, and the light energy is converted into heat energy through the selective absorption coating 6, and the heat is conducted by the tube wall of the heat collecting tube 7 It is transferred to the inside to raise its temperature to the working temperature; the working fluid flows in the tube and takes away the heat absorbed by the tube. Due to the existence of the double-layer glass surface, the heat loss inside the heat collecting chamber is greatly reduced, so that the heat absorbed by the pipe is transferred to the working fluid inside the pipe, and the absorption rate and utilization rate of solar energy are generally improved.
具体的,本发明运作时,菲涅尔反射聚光阵列1太阳光反射到集热器下部的外玻璃面9上,光线通过由外玻璃面9与内玻璃面8组成的双层玻璃面,光路不变,所聚焦入射光线进入到由内玻璃面8与带有绝热保护层4的复合抛物面型二次反射镜面5所围绕的腔体2内部,或直接到达集热管7上的选吸收涂层6中被其吸收,或由复合抛物面型二次反射镜5二次或多次反射到集热管7上的选择性吸收涂层6中吸收,极少部分光线会在腔体内多次反射后通过双层玻璃面8散失到外界中,在腔体中,所吸收太阳光能转化为热能,而原来会通过复杂导热-对流-辐射耦合传热过程散失到大气环境中的一部分能量由于双层玻璃面构成的空气墙的存在,导热与对流大大减少,大部分能量被集热管吸收。被吸收的能量通过集热管7以热量的形式传递给管内流动的工质,从而将太阳热能不断转化成为热量。 Specifically, when the present invention operates, the Fresnel reflection concentrating array 1 sunlight is reflected on the outer glass surface 9 at the bottom of the heat collector, and the light passes through the double-layer glass surface composed of the outer glass surface 9 and the inner glass surface 8, The optical path remains unchanged, and the focused incident light enters the interior of the cavity 2 surrounded by the inner glass surface 8 and the compound parabolic secondary reflection mirror 5 with the heat insulating protective layer 4, or directly reaches the selective absorption coating on the heat collecting tube 7. layer 6 is absorbed by it, or is absorbed by the selective absorbing coating 6 reflected by the compound parabolic secondary reflector 5 twice or multiple times on the heat collecting tube 7, and a very small part of the light will be reflected multiple times in the cavity It is lost to the outside world through the double-layer glass surface 8. In the cavity, the absorbed solar energy is converted into heat energy, and a part of the energy that would originally be lost to the atmosphere through the complex heat conduction-convection-radiation coupling heat transfer process is due to the double-layer glass surface. With the existence of the air wall formed by the glass surface, the heat conduction and convection are greatly reduced, and most of the energy is absorbed by the heat collecting tube. The absorbed energy is transferred to the working medium flowing in the tube in the form of heat through the heat collecting tube 7, so that the solar thermal energy is continuously converted into heat.
本发明提供了一种基于线性菲涅尔反射式集热器装置,因其配套的太阳能聚光系统结构简单,相对于传统真空玻璃管集热器制作工艺简单,大大降低了制作成本,同时相比于传统无真空玻璃管集热器,能量散失减少。该发明对传统集热器的改造相对简单,价格低廉,可推广性强,有一定的经济性和可靠性。 The invention provides a heat collector device based on linear Fresnel reflection. Because of its simple structure of the solar concentrating system, compared with the traditional vacuum glass tube heat collector, the manufacturing process is simple, and the manufacturing cost is greatly reduced. Compared with traditional non-vacuum glass tube collectors, energy loss is reduced. The invention is relatively simple to transform a traditional heat collector, has low price, strong scalability, and certain economy and reliability.
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