CN112343195A - SMA (shape memory alloy) lattice structure with integrated material and function, vibration isolator and manufacturing method of vibration isolator - Google Patents
SMA (shape memory alloy) lattice structure with integrated material and function, vibration isolator and manufacturing method of vibration isolator Download PDFInfo
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- CN112343195A CN112343195A CN202011001572.3A CN202011001572A CN112343195A CN 112343195 A CN112343195 A CN 112343195A CN 202011001572 A CN202011001572 A CN 202011001572A CN 112343195 A CN112343195 A CN 112343195A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
- E04B1/98—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against vibrations or shocks; against mechanical destruction, e.g. by air-raids
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
- E01D19/04—Bearings; Hinges
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
- E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
- E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
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Abstract
The invention discloses a material and function integrated SMA lattice structure, a vibration isolator and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the SMA lattice structure comprises a plurality of lattice unit cells which are periodically and orderly arranged in a three-dimensional space and are mutually connected; the lattice unit cell is made of shape memory alloy material; the preparation method of the lattice structure comprises the steps of using resin as a base material, obtaining an investment pattern of the lattice structure in an additive manufacturing mode, gasifying the investment pattern at high temperature after casting to obtain a lattice structure cavity, filling liquid shape memory alloy, cooling and then carrying out surface silicone resin coating treatment. Meanwhile, the invention applies the SMA lattice structure to the vibration isolator product, which not only can realize the adjustable and controllable rigidity/frequency, but also has good self-recovery capability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of intelligent structures, in particular to a lattice structure, a vibration isolator adopting the lattice structure and a manufacturing method of the lattice structure. The lattice structure takes shape memory alloy with mechanical characteristics changing along with temperature change as parent metal, and realizes the functional structural design with adjustable self-adaptive rigidity and variable structural frequency.
Background
The external excitation of the seismic source is an important reason for reducing the precision of mechanical products and even damaging equipment, and the damping technology plays an increasingly important role in the manufacturing field. The conventional seismic isolation material is often fixed in rigidity, the problem that low-frequency vibration is amplified when the seismic isolation material is impacted by various frequencies is solved, and the seismic isolation material cannot be restored to the original shape after large deformation and needs to be replaced, so that the service life is short. In contrast, a variable-stiffness three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing disclosed in the patent with publication number CN201711384387.5 discloses a seismic isolation device, and the used vertical seismic isolation cushion, seismic isolation gasket and horizontal seismic isolation ring are made of metal rubber materials, so that the technical problems of poor durability and weak self-recovery capability of the conventional common rubber bearing are solved, but the problem of residual deformation still exists due to plastic deformation after loading. In contrast, the patent with publication No. CN201820626943.9, a lead core metal rubber support, adopts the nickel titanium shape memory alloy metal rubber, which has the advantages of common metal rubber, and also has the characteristics of deformation self-recovery, so as to greatly improve the damping efficiency and the service life of the element. However, as the deformation amplitude is increased, the friction force between wires in the metal rubber and the relative density of the material are changed, so that the stress-strain relationship of the metal rubber shows stronger nonlinearity, and the self-recovery capability of the metal rubber is influenced. Therefore, vibration suppression is needed to find a damping material with adjustable stiffness/frequency and good self-recovery capability.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to creatively provide a material and function integrated SMA lattice structure and a manufacturing method thereof aiming at solving the problem that the rigidity/frequency of the existing damping device material cannot be actively adjusted when the existing damping device material is used for various seismic sources, so that the vibration near the natural frequency of the device is amplified or the damping performance is insufficient, and the material and function integrated SMA lattice structure can effectively damp and avoid low-frequency vibration amplification and realize the active control of the rigidity and frequency of the damping material.
The SMA lattice structure integrating the materials and the functions comprises a plurality of lattice unit cells which are periodically and orderly arranged in a three-dimensional space and are mutually connected; the lattice unit cell is made of shape memory alloy material.
Further, the shape memory alloy material is nickel titanium alloy.
Further, the lattice unit cell is of a rhombic dodecahedron lattice structure; the rod diameter of the lattice unit cell is 0.4mm, and the edge length is 4 mm;
the invention also discloses a manufacturing method of the SMA lattice structure, which comprises the following steps:
s1. constructing a three-dimensional model of the SMA lattice structure using computer-aided software;
s2, manufacturing the melting mold of the SMA lattice structure by using a resin-plastic base material and adopting an additive manufacturing technology;
s3. embedding the melting mold into a sand box to be gasified at high temperature to form a cavity of the SMA lattice structure;
s4. casting the liquid metal of Ni-Ti memory alloy into the cavity; and (4) carrying out surface silicone resin coating treatment on the formed lattice structure after cooling.
The invention also discloses a vibration isolator adopting the SMA lattice structure, which comprises an upper support plate, a lower support plate, a core body arranged between the upper support plate and the lower support plate, a vibration isolation ring externally sleeved on the core body, and an external controllable direct-current power supply for electrifying and heating the vibration isolation ring; the vibration isolation ring is made of the SMA lattice structure; the upper support plate and the lower support plate are provided with threaded holes for connecting structural objects; the upper support plate, the lower support plate and the core body are subjected to insulation coating treatment; the external controllable direct current power supply energizes the vibration isolation ring through graphite skins arranged at the top and the bottom of the vibration isolation ring.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the lattice structure of the invention can replace the traditional vibration damping materials such as metal rubber and the like, has certain elasticity, and avoids the problems of the friction between the internal wires, the change of the relative density of the materials and large residual deformation after loading.
2. The lattice structure has adjustable relative density, is used for a damping device, and can realize the presetting of the initial rigidity of the whole structure through the change of the size attribute of the lattice structure.
3. The lattice structure of the invention adopts shape memory alloy as parent material, and changes the inherent frequency and rigidity of the material by current heating, thereby achieving the controllable variable rigidity/frequency effect.
Drawings
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the drawings and the embodiment as follows:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a rhombic dodecahedron lattice unit cell model;
FIG. 2(a) is an isometric view of a rhombohedral lattice structure with four layers of unit cells;
FIG. 2(b) is a front view of a rhombohedral lattice structure with four layers of unit cells;
FIG. 3(a) is an isometric view of the vibration isolation ring;
fig. 3(b) is a front view of the vibration isolation ring;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an SMA lattice structure with an external controllable DC power supply;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a process for fabricating an SMA lattice structure;
figure 6 is a schematic structural view of the vibration isolator of the present invention;
figure 7 is a schematic view of the installation of the vibration isolator of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example one
The SMA lattice structure of the embodiment comprises a plurality of dot matrix unit cells which are periodically and orderly arranged in a three-dimensional space and are mutually connected; the lattice unit cell is made of shape memory alloy material; the overall appearance of the lattice structure can be determined according to the requirements of the applied devices, and the overall structure is formed by combining entities through Boolean operation. The relative density of the material can be adjusted by changing the rod diameter, the rod length and the like of the lattice unit, so that the elastic modulus of the lattice structure is changed to adapt to the bearing characteristic of the structure.
The shape memory alloy material of the embodiment is nickel-titanium alloy, which has good deformation self-recovery capability and mechanical characteristics along with temperature change, and after being subjected to specific heat treatment, the damping efficiency of the material can be improved and the service life of the material can be prolonged.
The lattice unit cell of the embodiment is a rhombic dodecahedron lattice structure; the rhombohedral structure is widely used and isotropic; a typical rhombic dodecahedron lattice unit cell model is shown in figure 1, the rod diameter of the unit cell in the embodiment is 0.4mm, and the edge length of the unit cell is 4 mm. FIG. 2(a) shows a rhombic dodecahedral lattice structure obtained by periodically arranging unit cells, which is formed by arranging four layers of unit cells in the spatial direction, and FIG. 2(b) is a front view thereof.
Example two
This embodiment is a method for manufacturing an SMA lattice structure, as shown in fig. 5, which includes the following steps:
s1. constructing a three-dimensional model of the SMA lattice structure using computer-aided software;
s2, manufacturing the melting mold of the SMA lattice structure by using a resin-plastic base material and adopting an additive manufacturing technology;
s3. embedding the melting mold into a sand box to be gasified at high temperature to form a cavity of the SMA lattice structure;
s4. casting the liquid metal of Ni-Ti memory alloy into the cavity; and carrying out surface silicone resin coating treatment on the cooled lattice structure, wherein the surface coating treatment improves the structural conductivity, is beneficial to the formation of a loop of an external power supply, and removes residual impurities on the surface of the casting mould.
EXAMPLE III
The embodiment is a vibration isolator, which comprises an upper support plate 1, a lower support plate 4, a core body 3 arranged between the upper support plate 1 and the lower support plate 4, a vibration isolation ring 2 externally sleeved on the core body 3, and an external controllable direct-current power supply for electrifying and heating the vibration isolation ring 2; as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the vibration isolation ring 2 is made of the SMA lattice structure, and has an inner diameter of 24mm, an outer diameter of 40mm and a height of 16 mm. The unit cells are tightly combined, and the integrity of the whole lattice structure is constructed through entity combination in Boolean operation, so that the continuity and the integrity of the structure are ensured; the upper support plate 1 and the lower support plate 4 are provided with threaded holes for connecting an upper structure 6 and a lower structure 6; the core body 3 is used for increasing the bearing capacity of a device and preventing the SMA lattice structure from being damaged when the load is suddenly changed; the core body 3 is made of high-elasticity nylon material and has the following components: excellent elastic resilience rate; secondly, the thermal expansion coefficient is low, the heat resistance is realized, and the influence of the current heat effect during electrifying is avoided; the electrical insulation is good, and the circuit is prevented from being influenced when the lattice structure is electrified; fourthly, the fatigue resistance is outstanding, and the original mechanical strength can be still maintained after repeated use. The upper support plate 1, the lower support plate 4 and the core body 3 are subjected to insulating coating treatment to prevent electric conduction; the external controllable direct current power supply energizes the vibration isolation ring 2 through graphite skins 5 arranged at the top and bottom of the vibration isolation ring 2.
The vibration isolation ring 2 made of the SMA lattice structure can realize active adjustment of rigidity and natural frequency, and controllable direct current is additionally arranged outside the shock absorption ring of the lattice structure to excite heating. Fig. 4 is a schematic view thereof. When the external direct current electric excitation (heating) lattice damping structure is connected, the shape memory alloy generates a recovery stress, and the structural rigidity/inherent frequency is improved; after the phase change of the shape memory alloy is finished, the maximum inherent frequency and the maximum structural rigidity are achieved; when the temperature is reduced, the recovery stress of the shape memory alloy is reduced, the lattice shock absorption structure returns to the initial form, and the natural frequency and the structural rigidity also return to the initial state.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A material and function integration SMA lattice structure which is characterized in that: comprises a plurality of dot array cells which are periodically and orderly arranged in a three-dimensional space and are mutually connected; the lattice unit cell is made of shape memory alloy material.
2. The SMA lattice structure of claim 1, wherein: the shape memory alloy material is nickel-titanium alloy.
3. The SMA lattice structure of claim 1, wherein: the lattice unit cell is of a rhombic dodecahedron lattice structure; the rod diameter of the lattice unit cell is 0.4mm, and the edge length is 4 mm.
4. A method of making an SMA lattice structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
s1. constructing a three-dimensional model of the SMA lattice structure using computer-aided software;
s2, manufacturing the melting mold of the SMA lattice structure by using a resin-plastic base material and adopting an additive manufacturing technology;
s3. embedding the melting mold into a sand box to be gasified at high temperature to form a cavity of the SMA lattice structure;
s4. casting the liquid metal of Ni-Ti memory alloy into the cavity; and (4) carrying out surface silicone resin coating treatment on the formed lattice structure after cooling.
5. An isolator using the SMA lattice structure of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the vibration isolation device comprises an upper support plate, a lower support plate, a core body arranged between the upper support plate and the lower support plate, a vibration isolation ring externally sleeved on the core body, and an external controllable direct-current power supply used for electrifying and heating the vibration isolation ring; the vibration isolation ring is made of the SMA lattice structure; the upper support plate and the lower support plate are provided with threaded holes for connecting structural objects; the upper support plate, the lower support plate and the core body are subjected to insulation coating treatment; the external controllable direct current power supply energizes the vibration isolation ring through graphite skins arranged at the top and the bottom of the vibration isolation ring.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113358018A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-09-07 | 华中科技大学 | Conical rod system diamond lattice structure, strain sensor and measuring system |
| CN114604406A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-06-10 | 重庆大学 | Steering engine shell with variable rigidity and integrated vibration reduction and protection, and manufacturing and using methods thereof |
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| CN112343195B (en) | 2022-11-18 |
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