CN112341274A - Preparation method of environment-friendly slow-release fertilizer - Google Patents

Preparation method of environment-friendly slow-release fertilizer Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112341274A
CN112341274A CN202011244853.1A CN202011244853A CN112341274A CN 112341274 A CN112341274 A CN 112341274A CN 202011244853 A CN202011244853 A CN 202011244853A CN 112341274 A CN112341274 A CN 112341274A
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Prior art keywords
fertilizer
open
slow release
foamed polymer
cell foamed
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CN202011244853.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
陶慷
许亮
洪江
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Nanjing Xuzhi Material Technology Co ltd
Jiangsu Jitri Advanced Polymer Materials Research Institute Co Ltd
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Nanjing Xuzhi Material Technology Co ltd
Jiangsu Jitri Advanced Polymer Materials Research Institute Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202011244853.1A priority Critical patent/CN112341274A/en
Publication of CN112341274A publication Critical patent/CN112341274A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
    • C05G5/12—Granules or flakes

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of an environment-friendly slow release fertilizer, which comprises the following steps in sequence: s1: dissolving the compound fertilizer in water at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ to prepare a saturated compound fertilizer aqueous solution; s2: placing 10-50 parts of degradable open-cell foamed polymer into a stirrer, spraying 50-90 parts of the saturated aqueous solution of the compound fertilizer prepared in the step into the stirrer through a canning sprayer while stirring at a stirring speed of 20-300rpm, wherein the spraying time is not less than 10min, stopping stirring after all the saturated aqueous solution of the compound fertilizer is added, and standing until the surface of the open-cell foamed polymer is dried and has no water stain to obtain master batches; s3: and (3) placing the master batch obtained in the step into a drying oven, and drying for 2-10h at 80 ℃ to obtain the degradable open-cell foamed polymer adsorption type capsule slow release fertilizer. The capsule slow release fertilizer prepared by the invention has good slow release performance, the used matrix is a biodegradable material, the environment is friendly, the preparation process is simple, and the industrial production is easy to realize.

Description

Preparation method of environment-friendly slow-release fertilizer
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high polymer materials and fertilizers, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an environment-friendly slow release fertilizer.
Background
The fertilizer plays an irreplaceable role in the growth process of crops, and the fertilizer for improving the soil can be improved by scientifically and reasonably applying the fertilizer, so that the quality and the yield of agricultural products are improved.
Fertilizers which can prolong the effectiveness of nutrients in a physical or combined state when applied to plants are called slow release fertilizers, and are generally divided into polymerization or condensation slow release fertilizers and coated slow release fertilizers according to different production modes at present, wherein the polymerization or condensation method is to synthesize polymers from the fertilizers by a polymerization or condensation method, and release the fertilizers by the dissolution and degradation processes of the polymers; the coating method is to control the release of the fertilizer by forming a coating on the outer surface of the fertilizer by inorganic or organic substances, but the two methods are complicated in preparation method and strict in preparation conditions. The cost is high, and the polymerization or condensation of the components remained after the release of the nutrients of the slow release fertilizer and the residual coating film coating the slow release fertilizer can pollute the environment, such as the residual formaldehyde after urea is released by urea formaldehyde; polyethylene is used as a coating material, and the polyethylene film remains after the fertilizer is released.
Patent CN201410532421.9 reports a coated degradation type slow-release potash fertilizer to solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by residue, but the preparation process is complex by using a chemical method; patent CN201610979740.3 reports that an artificial zeolite type slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is prepared by a physical method, the preparation process is simple, but the carrier adsorption capacity is not large, the influence of the environment is large, the consideration is combined, and the urgent need is to develop a slow-release fertilizer which is simple in preparation process, low in cost, good in release effect, environment-friendly and easy to industrialize.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of an environment-friendly slow release fertilizer, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a preparation method of an environment-friendly slow release fertilizer comprises the following steps in sequence:
s1: dissolving the compound fertilizer in water at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ to prepare a saturated compound fertilizer aqueous solution;
s2: placing 10-50 parts of degradable open-cell foamed polymer into a stirrer, spraying 50-90 parts of the saturated aqueous solution of the compound fertilizer prepared in the step into the stirrer through a canning sprayer while stirring at a stirring speed of 20-300rpm, wherein the spraying time is not less than 10min, stopping stirring after all the saturated aqueous solution of the compound fertilizer is added, and standing until the surface of the open-cell foamed polymer is dried and has no water stain to obtain master batches;
s3: and (3) placing the master batch obtained in the step into a drying oven, and drying for 2-10h at 80 ℃ to obtain the degradable open-cell foamed polymer adsorption type capsule slow release fertilizer.
Preferably, the degradable open-cell foamed polymer is one or a combination of polylactic acid open-cell foamed polymer, polybutylene succinate open-cell foamed polymer, polycaprolactone open-cell foamed polymer, polyhydroxyalkanoate porous polymer, and polybutylene adipate/terephthalate.
In any of the above embodiments, it is preferable that the degradable open-cell foamed polymer has a particle size of 0.5 to 10mm, a porosity of not less than 50%, and a bulk density of 30kg/m3-500kg/m3。
In any of the above schemes, preferably, the compound fertilizer is a combination of two or more of urea fertilizer, calcium phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate fertilizer, diammonium phosphate fertilizer, and potassium dihydrogen sulfate fertilizer.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that: 1. the invention adopts a physical adsorption method, has simple operation process, low cost and easy popularization;
2. the invention adopts the porous polymer carrier which has a network structure formed by mutually communicated foam holes and controllable porosity, and the capsule slow-release fertilizer prepared by adsorbing the compound fertilizer has more durable fertilizer effect after being applied;
3. the polymer carrier matrix adopted by the invention is a completely degradable material, can be completely degraded by microorganisms in the nature, finally generates carbon dioxide and water, does not pollute the environment, and meets the current environmental protection requirement;
4. the fertilizer prepared by the invention has elastic carrier and adjustable particle size distribution, is suitable for mechanized construction, saves time and labor, and can greatly improve the working efficiency of large-area fertilization.
Detailed Description
The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a preparation method of an environment-friendly slow release fertilizer comprises the following steps in sequence:
s1: dissolving the compound fertilizer in water at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ to prepare a saturated compound fertilizer aqueous solution;
s2: placing 50 parts of degradable open-cell foamed polymer into a stirrer, spraying 50 parts of the saturated aqueous solution of the compound fertilizer prepared in the step into the stirrer through a canning sprayer while stirring at a stirring speed of 20-300rpm, wherein the spraying time is not less than 10min, stopping stirring after all the saturated aqueous solution of the compound fertilizer is added, standing until the surface of the open-cell foamed polymer is dried and no water stain exists, and obtaining master batches;
s3: and (3) placing the master batch obtained in the step into a drying oven, and drying for 2h at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain the degradable open-cell foamed polymer adsorption type capsule slow release fertilizer.
Specifically, the degradable open-cell foamed polymer is one or a combination of a plurality of polylactic acid open-cell foamed polymer, polybutylene succinate open-cell foamed polymer, polycaprolactone open-cell foamed polymer, polyhydroxyalkanoate porous polymer and polybutylene adipate/terephthalate.
In particular, the method comprises the following steps of,the degradable open-cell foamed polymer has a particle size of 0.5-10mm, a porosity of not less than 50% and a bulk density of 30kg/m3-500kg/m3。
Specifically, the compound fertilizer is a combination of two or more of urea fertilizer, calcium phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate fertilizer, diammonium phosphate fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen sulfate fertilizer.
Example two:
a preparation method of an environment-friendly slow release fertilizer comprises the following steps in sequence:
s1: dissolving the compound fertilizer in water at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ to prepare a saturated compound fertilizer aqueous solution;
s2: placing 30 parts of degradable open-cell foamed polymer into a stirrer, spraying 70 parts of the saturated aqueous solution of the compound fertilizer prepared in the step into the stirrer through a canning sprayer while stirring at a stirring speed of 20-300rpm, wherein the spraying time is not less than 10min, stopping stirring after all the saturated aqueous solution of the compound fertilizer is added, standing until the surface of the open-cell foamed polymer is dried and no water stain exists, and obtaining master batches;
s3: and (3) placing the master batch obtained in the step into a drying oven, and drying for 6h at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain the degradable open-cell foamed polymer adsorption type capsule slow release fertilizer.
Specifically, the degradable open-cell foamed polymer is one or a combination of a plurality of polylactic acid open-cell foamed polymer, polybutylene succinate open-cell foamed polymer, polycaprolactone open-cell foamed polymer, polyhydroxyalkanoate porous polymer and polybutylene adipate/terephthalate.
Specifically, the degradable open-cell foamed polymer has a particle size of 0.5-10mm, a porosity of not less than 50% and a bulk density of 30kg/m3-500kg/m3。
Specifically, the compound fertilizer is a combination of two or more of urea fertilizer, calcium phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate fertilizer, diammonium phosphate fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen sulfate fertilizer.
Example three:
a preparation method of an environment-friendly slow release fertilizer comprises the following steps in sequence:
s1: dissolving the compound fertilizer in water at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ to prepare a saturated compound fertilizer aqueous solution;
s2: placing 30 parts of degradable open-cell foamed polymer into a stirrer, spraying 70 parts of the saturated aqueous solution of the compound fertilizer prepared in the step into the stirrer through a canning sprayer while stirring at a stirring speed of 20-300rpm, wherein the spraying time is not less than 10min, stopping stirring after all the saturated aqueous solution of the compound fertilizer is added, standing until the surface of the open-cell foamed polymer is dried and no water stain exists, and obtaining master batches;
s3: and (3) placing the master batch obtained in the step into a drying oven, and drying for 10h at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain the degradable open-cell foamed polymer adsorption type capsule slow release fertilizer.
Specifically, the degradable open-cell foamed polymer is one or a combination of a plurality of polylactic acid open-cell foamed polymer, polybutylene succinate open-cell foamed polymer, polycaprolactone open-cell foamed polymer, polyhydroxyalkanoate porous polymer and polybutylene adipate/terephthalate.
Specifically, the degradable open-cell foamed polymer has a particle size of 0.5-10mm, a porosity of not less than 50% and a bulk density of 30kg/m3-500kg/m3。
Specifically, the compound fertilizer is a combination of two or more of urea fertilizer, calcium phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate fertilizer, diammonium phosphate fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen sulfate fertilizer.
Example four:
a preparation method of an environment-friendly slow release fertilizer comprises the following steps in sequence:
s1: dissolving the compound fertilizer in water at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ to prepare a saturated compound fertilizer aqueous solution;
s2: placing 20 parts of degradable open-cell foamed polymer into a stirrer, spraying 80 parts of the saturated aqueous solution of the compound fertilizer prepared in the step into the stirrer through a canning sprayer while stirring at a stirring speed of 20-300rpm, wherein the spraying time is not less than 10min, stopping stirring after all the saturated aqueous solution of the compound fertilizer is added, standing until the surface of the open-cell foamed polymer is dried, and obtaining master batches without water stains;
s3: and (3) placing the master batch obtained in the step into a drying oven, and drying for 2h at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain the degradable open-cell foamed polymer adsorption type capsule slow release fertilizer.
Specifically, the degradable open-cell foamed polymer is one or a combination of a plurality of polylactic acid open-cell foamed polymer, polybutylene succinate open-cell foamed polymer, polycaprolactone open-cell foamed polymer, polyhydroxyalkanoate porous polymer and polybutylene adipate/terephthalate.
Specifically, the degradable open-cell foamed polymer has a particle size of 0.5-10mm, a porosity of not less than 50% and a bulk density of 30kg/m3-500kg/m3。
Specifically, the compound fertilizer is a combination of two or more of urea fertilizer, calcium phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate fertilizer, diammonium phosphate fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen sulfate fertilizer.
Example five:
a preparation method of an environment-friendly slow release fertilizer comprises the following steps in sequence:
s1: dissolving the compound fertilizer in water at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ to prepare a saturated compound fertilizer aqueous solution;
s2: placing 10 parts of degradable open-cell foamed polymer into a stirrer, spraying 90 parts of the saturated aqueous solution of the compound fertilizer prepared in the step into the stirrer through a canning sprayer while stirring at a stirring speed of 20-300rpm, wherein the spraying time is not less than 10min, stopping stirring after all the saturated aqueous solution of the compound fertilizer is added, standing until the surface of the open-cell foamed polymer is dried and no water stain exists, and obtaining master batches;
s3: and (3) placing the master batch obtained in the step into a drying oven, and drying for 2h at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain the degradable open-cell foamed polymer adsorption type capsule slow release fertilizer.
Specifically, the degradable open-cell foamed polymer is one or a combination of a plurality of polylactic acid open-cell foamed polymer, polybutylene succinate open-cell foamed polymer, polycaprolactone open-cell foamed polymer, polyhydroxyalkanoate porous polymer and polybutylene adipate/terephthalate.
In particular, the degradable openingsThe particle diameter of the foamed polymer is 0.5-10mm, the porosity is not less than 50 percent, and the bulk density is 30kg/m3-500kg/m3。
Specifically, the compound fertilizer is a combination of two or more of urea fertilizer, calcium phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate fertilizer, diammonium phosphate fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen sulfate fertilizer.
The advantageous effects of the present invention will be further described below with reference to specific test examples.
Test example 1:
placing 50 parts by weight of porous polylactic acid into a stirrer, rotating at a certain stirring speed, dissolving 50 parts of urea into water to prepare a saturated urea solution, spraying the saturated urea solution into the stirrer through a canned sprayer, stirring for 1min after the saturated urea solution is completely added, standing until the surface of the porous polylactic acid is dried and has no water stain feeling, completely allowing the urea to enter the porous polylactic acid, then placing the obtained product into a blast drying box, and drying for 1 hour at 80 ℃ to obtain the porous polylactic acid adsorption type capsule slow release fertilizer.
Test example 2:
placing 50 parts by weight of porous polylactic acid into a stirrer, rotating at a certain stirring speed, dissolving 50 parts of urea into water to prepare a saturated urea solution, spraying the saturated urea solution into the stirrer through a canned sprayer, stirring for 1min after the saturated urea solution is completely added, standing until the surface of the porous polylactic acid is dried and has no water stain feeling, completely allowing the urea to enter the porous polylactic acid, then placing the obtained product into a blast drying box, and drying for 11 hours at 80 ℃ to obtain the porous polylactic acid adsorption type capsule slow-release fertilizer.
Test example 3:
placing 9 parts by weight of porous polylactic acid into a stirrer, rotating at a certain stirring speed, dissolving 91 parts by weight of urea into water to prepare a saturated urea solution, spraying the saturated urea solution into the stirrer through a canned sprayer, stirring for 1min after the saturated urea solution is completely added, standing until the surface of the porous polylactic acid is dried and has no water stain feeling, completely allowing the urea to enter the porous polylactic acid, then placing the obtained product into a blast drying box, and drying for 2 hours at 80 ℃ to obtain the porous polylactic acid adsorption type capsule slow-release fertilizer.
Example 4:
placing 9 parts by weight of porous polylactic acid into a stirrer, rotating at a certain stirring speed, dissolving 91 parts by weight of urea into water to prepare a saturated urea solution, spraying the saturated urea solution into the stirrer through a canned sprayer, stirring for 1min after the saturated urea solution is completely added, standing until the surface of the porous polylactic acid is dried and has no water stain feeling, completely allowing the urea to enter the porous polylactic acid, then placing the obtained product into a blast drying box, and drying for 1 hour at 80 ℃ to obtain the porous polylactic acid adsorption type capsule slow-release fertilizer.
Test example 5:
placing 9 parts by weight of porous polylactic acid into a stirrer, rotating at a certain stirring speed, dissolving 91 parts by weight of urea into water to prepare a saturated urea solution, spraying the saturated urea solution into the stirrer through a canned sprayer, stirring for 1min after the saturated urea solution is completely added, standing until the surface of the porous polylactic acid is dried and has no water stain feeling, completely allowing the urea to enter the porous polylactic acid, then placing the obtained product into a blast drying box, and drying for 11 hours at 80 ℃ to obtain the porous polylactic acid adsorption type capsule slow-release fertilizer.
The test materials of 5 examples and 5 test examples were purchased from a conventional biochemical reagent store, and three replicates were set up and the results were averaged, unless otherwise specified.
The test results are shown in Table 1
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002769615350000071
Figure BDA0002769615350000081
The test data show that the slow release fertilizer prepared by the invention has good slow release efficiency in actual use.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (4)

1. A preparation method of an environment-friendly slow release fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps in sequence:
s1: dissolving the compound fertilizer in water at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ to prepare a saturated compound fertilizer aqueous solution;
s2: placing 10-50 parts of degradable open-cell foamed polymer into a stirrer, spraying 50-90 parts of the saturated aqueous solution of the compound fertilizer prepared in the step into the stirrer through a canning sprayer while stirring at a stirring speed of 20-300rpm, wherein the spraying time is not less than 10min, stopping stirring after all the saturated aqueous solution of the compound fertilizer is added, and standing until the surface of the open-cell foamed polymer is dried and has no water stain to obtain master batches;
s3: and (3) placing the master batch obtained in the step into a drying oven, and drying for 2-10h at 80 ℃ to obtain the degradable open-cell foamed polymer adsorption type capsule slow release fertilizer.
2. The preparation method of the environment-friendly slow release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the degradable open-cell foaming polymer is one or a combination of a plurality of polylactic acid open-cell foaming polymer, polybutylene succinate open-cell foaming polymer, polycaprolactone open-cell foaming polymer, polyhydroxyalkanoate porous polymer and poly adipic acid/butylene terephthalate.
3. The preparation method of the environment-friendly slow release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the particle size of the degradable open-cell foaming polymer is 0.5-10mm, and the pores areThe porosity is not less than 50%, and the bulk density is 30kg/m3-500kg/m3。
4. The preparation method of the environment-friendly slow release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the compound fertilizer is a combination of two or more of urea fertilizer, calcium phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate fertilizer, diammonium phosphate fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen sulfate fertilizer.
CN202011244853.1A 2020-11-10 2020-11-10 Preparation method of environment-friendly slow-release fertilizer Pending CN112341274A (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102219986A (en) * 2011-05-16 2011-10-19 四川大学 Biodegradable poly(butylene adipate/terephthalate) hollow foamed particle and preparation method thereof
CN104291935A (en) * 2014-09-19 2015-01-21 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 Application of polymer microspheres in controlled-release fertilizer
CN105130636A (en) * 2015-08-27 2015-12-09 马鞍山市安康菌业有限公司 Efficient culture medium for achieving efficient cultivation of armillaria mellea by improving extracellular enzyme activity thereof and preparation method therefor

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102219986A (en) * 2011-05-16 2011-10-19 四川大学 Biodegradable poly(butylene adipate/terephthalate) hollow foamed particle and preparation method thereof
CN104291935A (en) * 2014-09-19 2015-01-21 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 Application of polymer microspheres in controlled-release fertilizer
CN105130636A (en) * 2015-08-27 2015-12-09 马鞍山市安康菌业有限公司 Efficient culture medium for achieving efficient cultivation of armillaria mellea by improving extracellular enzyme activity thereof and preparation method therefor

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