CN112341239A - 透水砖及利用二氧化锰渣和草木灰制备烧结透水砖的方法 - Google Patents

透水砖及利用二氧化锰渣和草木灰制备烧结透水砖的方法 Download PDF

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CN112341239A
CN112341239A CN202011156325.0A CN202011156325A CN112341239A CN 112341239 A CN112341239 A CN 112341239A CN 202011156325 A CN202011156325 A CN 202011156325A CN 112341239 A CN112341239 A CN 112341239A
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manganese dioxide
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曾利群
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Abstract

透水砖及利用二氧化锰渣和草木灰制备烧结透水砖的方法,在利用二氧化锰渣和草木灰制备烧结透水砖的方法中,原料由水及以下重量份的粉体组成:52~56份电解二氧化锰渣、20~25份生物电厂草木灰、20~24份石英粉、2.5~3份硅酸钠,18~22份细度为0.3mm的石灰石粉;制备过程包括坯体湿料的制备、湿料模压成型、坯体干燥和烧结四个步骤。在通过上述方法烧结而成的透水砖中形成了以辉石、硅灰石为主晶相的烧结微晶陶瓷结构,保证了透水砖的抗压强度和耐磨性能,并且所制备的透水砖还具有较传统透水砖明显较高透水系数,透水砖的综合性能较为理想,为电解二氧化锰及生物质发电废渣的资源化利用提供了一条新的可供选择途径。

Description

透水砖及利用二氧化锰渣和草木灰制备烧结透水砖的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及的是工业固体废弃物再利用技术领域,特别涉及是一种透水砖及利用二氧化锰渣和草木灰制备烧结透水砖的方法。
背景技术
透水砖又叫渗水砖,随着生态海绵城市观念逐渐被人们接受,透水砖在城市地面硬化铺装中的应用量越来越大。透水砖有三个非常关键的性能指标:透水率、抗压强度和耐磨性。其中,透水率的高度决定了砖体的透水性能,透水率过低将导致雨水渗透速度过慢,从而容易在铺装地面上形成地表径流。而抗压强度和耐磨性则决定了透水砖的使用耐久性,例如抗压强度过低将导致透水砖容易因行人踩踏或非机动车辆车轮滚压而被破坏,耐磨性太差则会导致砖体表面容易被磨损,从而影响砖体使用寿命。
目前,市售的透水砖分为两种:一种是混凝土透水砖,大多采用单一粒径(一般为3~5mm)粗集料、水灰比低于0.35水泥混凝土通过模压成型而成,模压成型后砖坯表面的耐磨性较差,为此,通常还需要在砖坯表面制作一层装饰面层来提高耐磨性和装饰性;另一种是烧结陶瓷透水砖,通常是采用粉煤灰、废瓷、生活垃圾工业废渣和各种尾矿等为骨料,加入适量粘土类原料作为高温结合剂,经坯体成型、烧结而成的符合透水砖标准的路面铺装材料。烧结透水砖按照成孔方法可以分为两类,一类为通过添加造孔剂法制备烧结透水砖。坯体内部的造孔剂在高温下燃烧分解,使造孔剂所占据的体积变成空隙结构。另外一类是颗粒堆积法制备透水砖。颗粒堆积法一般采用具有一定颗粒粒径的尾矿、工业废渣、固体废弃物、建筑垃圾等为主要原料,经过预处理(破碎、筛分)后与高温粘结剂混合,然后成型制成坯体,干燥后通过高温烧结得到烧结透水砖。
普通透水砖的透水系数一般为0.01~0.07cm/s,抗压强度在30MPa左右,耐磨性测试结果大多在20~30mm之间。为兼顾抗压强度和耐磨性,现有模压成型的透水砖鲜有透水系数超过0.10cm/s的。
近些年来,随着国家节能环保战略的实施和推进,生物质发电以及电池(包含动力电池和储能电池)行业发展迅速,其中,电解二氧化锰作为电池去极化剂的市场需求量也越来越大,电解二氧化锰废渣的再生利用已成为困扰相关企业的难题,与此同时,生物质发电所产生灰渣一般作为农业用肥,利用途径比较单一。若能够综合利用电解二氧化锰废渣以及生物质发电所产生的草木灰来制备透水砖,不失为一种针对上述工业废弃物进行资源化综合利用的开拓新途径,然而目前尚未见到与此相关的报道。
发明内容
本发明目的之一是提供一种利用电解二氧化锰渣和草木灰为主要原料,以硅酸钠溶液为粘合剂制备烧结透水砖的方法。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明采用如下技术方案:一种利用二氧化锰渣和草木灰制备烧结透水砖的方法,由以下重量份的粉体原料加水制成:52~56份电解二氧化锰渣、20~25份草木灰、20~24份石英粉、2.5~3份硅酸钠,18~22份细度为0.3mm的石灰石粉;
制备烧结透水砖的步骤包括:
一、坯体湿料的制备:将硅酸钠用适量40~50℃的水溶解,将其它粉料干式搅拌混合均匀,然后再加入硅酸钠水溶液和水搅拌,本步骤中用水量为粉体总量的29wt%~31wt%,搅拌得到细砂状不黏连的湿灰颗粒后,停止搅拌,得湿粉料;
二、湿料模压成型:分三次将湿粉料加到成型模具中,每次加料后捣实,待所有湿粉料添加完成后,模压成型,成型压力60~70kN,保压15~20s,尔后脱模得到成型坯体;
三、干燥:成型坯体在100℃以上的条件下干燥,通过在步骤一中控制各种粉体原料的配比及其与水的配比,并在步骤二中控制成型压力和保压时间,以此保证成型坯体干燥后密度≥2.0g/cm3
四、烧结:将干燥后的成型坯体置于烧结炉内,烧结过程中采用程序升温,在室温~600℃阶段,升温速率为3.5℃/min,并在600℃保温2.5h;在600℃~880℃温度段升温速率为3.5℃/min,并在880℃保温3h;在880℃~1110℃温度段升温速率为10℃/min,并在1110℃保温60~90min;
之后采用程序降温,在1110℃~860℃温度段降温速率为10℃/min,并在860℃保温1h;最后自然冷却到室温。
其中,所述电解二氧化锰渣为电解二氧化锰原渣烘干后所制成的粉体。
进一步地,所述电解二氧化锰原渣烘干温度为115℃,所述电解二氧化锰原渣烘干后所制成的粉体的细度为200目以下。
其中,所述石英粉的细度为800目以下。
其中,在所述粉体原料中,SiO2的总含量为50~55wt%,Al2O3的总含量为3~10wt%,CaO的总含量为19~25wt%,碱金属氧化物的总含量为2~5.5wt%。
其中,在步骤三中,成型坯体在干燥箱进行干燥,干燥温度125℃,干燥时间24h。
其中,所述电解二氧化锰渣和草木灰提供SiO2、Al2O3和CaO组分,不足的SiO2组分由石英粉提供,所述石灰石粉作为造孔剂并提供部分CaO组分,碱金属氧化物由所述生物电厂草木灰和硅酸钠提供。
另外,本发明还涉及一种透水砖,其采用上面所述的方法制备而成。
在本发明所涉及的制备透水砖的方法中,以电解二氧化锰渣和生物质发电所产生的草木灰作为主成分,辅以0.3mm的石灰石作为造孔剂,并利用草木灰中的碱金属以及硅酸钠作为烧结剂,最终在热处理烧结而成的透水砖中形成了以辉石、硅灰石为主晶相的烧结微晶陶瓷结构,由此保证了透水砖的抗压强度和耐磨性能,同时以该方法制备的透水砖还具有较传统透水砖要高的透水系数,透水砖的综合性能较为理想,也为电解二氧化锰及生物质发电固体废弃物的资源化综合利用提供了一条可供选择的新途径。
具体实施方式
为了让本领域技术人员更清楚地了解本发明相对现有技术的改进之处,下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明,实施例提及的内容并非对本发明的限定。
以下实施例所用到的原料来源为:电解二氧化锰原渣由湖南顺能能源有限公司提供,实施例中用到的电解二氧化锰渣为前述电解二氧化锰原渣经115℃烘干后所制成的过200目筛的粉体,草木灰为衡阳理昂生物发电有限公司生物质燃料发电所产生的草木灰,石英粉和硅酸钠从市场购入,硅酸钠为化学纯,石灰石利用衡阳本地区石灰石经水泥实验球磨机磨成粉体。其中,烘干制成过200目筛的电解二氧化锰原渣粉和生物电厂草木灰的化学成分检测结果如表1与表2所示。
表1电解二氧化锰原渣的化学成分(115℃烘干粉)单位:(wt%)
Figure BDA0002742889940000051
表2草木灰的化学成分单位:(wt%)
Figure BDA0002742889940000052
实施例1
本实施例所用到的原料组分包括水由以下重量份的粉体原料:52份过200目筛的电解二氧化锰渣、25份草木灰、20份800目的石英粉、2.5份硅酸钠,18份细度为0.3mm的石灰石粉。
制备烧结透水砖的步骤为:
一、坯体湿料的制备:将硅酸钠用适量水在40~50℃溶解,将其它粉料干式搅拌混合均匀,然后再加入硅酸钠水溶液和水搅拌,本步骤中用水量为粉体总量的29wt%,搅拌得到细砂状不黏连的湿灰颗粒后,停止搅拌,得湿粉料;
二、湿料模压成型:分三次将湿粉料加到成型模具中,每次加料后捣实,待所有湿粉料添加完成后,模压成型,成型压力60kN,保压20s,尔后脱模得到成型坯体;成形模具采用带底板钢膜,内腔尺寸为131×161×55mm,坯体尺寸大致为131×161×(45~47)mm。
三、干燥:成型坯体在110℃条件下干燥30h,成型坯体湿密度≥2.10g/cm3,干燥后约为1.90g/cm3
四、烧结:将干燥后的成型坯体置于烧结炉内,烧结过程中采用程序升温,在室温~600℃阶段,升温速率为3.5℃/min,并在600℃保温2.5h;在600℃~880℃温度段升温速率为3.5℃/min,并在880℃保温3h;在880℃~1110℃温度段升温速率为10℃/min,并在1110℃保温60~90min;
之后采用程序降温,在1110℃~860℃温度段降温速率为10℃/min,并在860℃保温1h;最后自然冷却到室温,得到烧结透水砖,烧结后砖体尺寸为:宽(126~128)mm×长(155~158)mm×厚(38~41)mm。
五、性能指标检测。
检测试样的制备:将烧结试块进行平面微加工磨平,并进行表面清洗,在LZY-2型透水砖透水系数测定仪检测烧结透水砖的透水系数;检测完烧结透水砖进行烘干,再使用切割机将烧结试块切割成接近40mm×40mm×150mm检测试样在TE-300E抗折抗压试验机进行抗折强度和抗压强度测试,测试方式参考JCT945-2005标准。
透水性能和透水砖力学性能及耐磨性检测结果如表3和表4。
表3烧结透水砖试块透水系数检测结果
Figure BDA0002742889940000071
表4烧结透水砖试块力学性能及耐磨性检测结果
Figure BDA0002742889940000072
实施例2
本实施例所用到的原料组分包括水由以下重量份的粉体原料:56份电解二氧化锰渣、23份草木灰、24份石英粉、3份硅酸钠,22份细度为0.3mm的石灰石粉。
制备烧结透水砖的步骤为:
一、坯体湿料的制备:将硅酸钠用适量水在40~50℃溶解,将其它粉料干式搅拌混合均匀,然后再加入硅酸钠水溶液和水搅拌,本步骤中用水量为粉体总量的31wt%,搅拌得到细砂状不黏连的湿灰颗粒后,停止搅拌,得湿粉料;
二、湿料模压成型:分三次将湿粉料加到成型模具中,每次加料后捣实,待所有湿粉料添加完成后,模压成型,成型压力70kN,保压15s,尔后脱模得到成型坯体;成形模具采用带底板钢膜,内腔尺寸为131×161×55mm,坯体尺寸大致为131×161×(45~47)mm。
三、干燥:成型坯体在100℃条件下干燥30h,成型坯体干燥后密度≥2.0g/cm3,约为2.05g/cm3
四、烧结:烧结工艺与实施例1相同,不作赘述。
五、性能指标检测。
检测设备与检测方式与实施例1相同。
透水性能和透水砖力学性能及耐磨性检测结果如表5和表6。
表5烧结透水砖试块透水系数检测结果
Figure BDA0002742889940000081
表6烧结透水砖试块力学性能及耐磨性检测结果
Figure BDA0002742889940000082
实施例3
本实施例所用到的原料组分包括水由以下重量份的粉体原料:54份电解二氧化锰渣、20份草木灰、22份石英粉、2.8份硅酸钠,20份细度为0.3mm的石灰石粉。
制备烧结透水砖的步骤为:
一、坯体湿料的制备:将硅酸钠用适量水在40~50℃溶解,将其它粉料干式搅拌混合均匀,然后再加入硅酸钠水溶液和水搅拌,本步骤中用水量为粉体总量的30wt%,搅拌得到细砂状不黏连的湿灰颗粒后,停止搅拌,得湿粉料;
二、湿料模压成型:分三次将湿粉料加到成型模具中,每次加料后捣实,待所有湿粉料添加完成后,模压成型,成型压力65kN,保压18s,尔后脱模得到成型坯体;成形模具采用带底板钢膜,内腔尺寸为131×161×55mm,坯体尺寸大致为131×161×(45~47)mm。
三、干燥:成型坯体在125℃条件下干燥24h,成型坯体干燥后密度≥2.0g/cm3,约为2.25g/cm3
四、烧结:烧结工艺与实施例1和2相同,不作赘述。
五、性能指标检测。
检测设备与检测方式与实施例1和2相同。
透水性能和透水砖力学性能及耐磨性检测结果如表7和表8。
表7烧结透水砖试块透水系数检测结果
Figure BDA0002742889940000091
表8烧结透水砖试块力学性能及耐磨性检测结果
Figure BDA0002742889940000092
应当指出的是,在制备透水砖的过程中,为保证透水砖的透水系数和机械强度,在粉体原料中最好控制SiO2的总含量为50~55wt%,Al2O3的总含量为3~10wt%,CaO的总含量为19~25wt%,碱金属氧化物的总含量为2~5.5wt%。其中,电解二氧化锰渣和草木灰提供SiO2、Al2O3和CaO组分,不足的SiO2组分由石英粉提供,碱金属氧化物由草木灰和硅酸钠提供,另外,还应当注意坯体干燥温度对于透水砖成品的性能测试结果的影响。
上述实施例以电解二氧化锰渣和生物质发电所产生的草木灰作为主成分,辅以合适尺寸的石灰石作为造孔剂,并利用草木灰中的碱金属以及硅酸钠作为烧结剂,最终在烧结而成的透水砖中形成了以辉石、硅灰石为主晶相的烧结微晶陶瓷结构,由此保证了透水砖的抗压强度和耐磨性能,同时上述实施例中制备的透水砖还具有较传统透水砖要高得多的透水系数,透水砖的综合性能较为理想,为电解二氧化锰及生物质发电固体废弃物的资源化综合利用提供了一条可供选择的新途径。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实现方案,除此之外,本发明还可以其它方式实现,在不脱离本技术方案构思的前提下任何显而易见的替换均在本发明的保护范围之内。
最后,应该强调的是,为了让本领域普通技术人员更方便地理解本发明相对于现有技术的改进之处,本发明的一些描述已经被简化,并且为了清楚起见,本申请文件还省略了一些其它元素,本领域普通技术人员应该意识到这些省略的元素也可构成本发明的内容。

Claims (8)

1.利用二氧化锰渣和草木灰制备烧结透水砖的方法,其特征在于,由以下重量份的粉体原料加水制成:52~56份电解二氧化锰渣、20~25份生物电厂草木灰、20~24份石英粉、2.5~3份硅酸钠,18~22份细度为0.3mm的石灰石粉;
制备烧结透水砖的步骤包括:
一、坯体湿料的制备:将硅酸钠用适量40~50℃的水溶解,将其它粉料干式搅拌混合均匀,然后再加入硅酸钠水溶液和水搅拌,本步骤中用水量为粉体总量的29wt%~31wt%,搅拌得到细砂状不黏连的湿灰颗粒后,停止搅拌,得湿粉料;
二、湿料模压成型:分三次将湿粉料加到成型模具中,每次加料后捣实,待所有湿粉料添加完成后,模压成型,成型压力60~70kN,保压15~20s,尔后脱模得到成型坯体;
三、干燥:成型坯体在100℃以上的条件下干燥,通过在步骤一中控制各种粉体原料的配比及其与水的配比,并在步骤二中控制成型压力和保压时间,以此保证成型坯体干燥后密度≥2.0g/cm3
四、烧结:将干燥后的成型坯体置于烧结炉内,烧结过程中采用程序升温,在室温~600℃阶段,升温速率为3.5℃/min,并在600℃保温2.5h;在600℃~880℃温度段升温速率为3.5℃/min,并在880℃保温3h;在880℃~1110℃温度段升温速率为10℃/min,并在1110℃保温60~90min;
之后采用程序降温,在1110℃~860℃温度段降温速率为10℃/min,并在860℃保温1h;最后自然冷却到室温,得到透水砖成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述利用二氧化锰渣和草木灰制备烧结透水砖的方法,其特征在于:所述电解二氧化锰渣为电解二氧化锰原渣烘干后所制成的粉体。
3.根据权利要求2所述利用二氧化锰渣和草木灰制备烧结透水砖的方法,其特征在于:所述电解二氧化锰原渣烘干温度为115℃,所述电解二氧化锰原渣烘干后所制成的粉体的细度为200目以下。
4.根据权利要求1所述利用二氧化锰渣和草木灰制备烧结透水砖的方法,其特征在于:所述石英粉的细度为800目以下。
5.根据权利要求1所述利用二氧化锰渣和草木灰制备烧结透水砖的方法,其特征在于:在所述粉体原料中,SiO2的总含量为50~55wt%,Al2O3的总含量为3~10wt%,CaO的总含量为19~25wt%,碱金属氧化物的总含量为2~5.5wt%。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任意一项所述利用二氧化锰渣和草木灰制备烧结透水砖的方法,其特征在于:步骤三中,成型坯体在干燥箱进行干燥,干燥温度125℃,干燥时间24h。
7.根据权利要求5所述利用二氧化锰渣和草木灰制备烧结透水砖的方法,其特征在于:所述电解二氧化锰渣和草木灰提供SiO2、Al2O3和CaO组分,不足的SiO2组分由石英粉提供,碱金属氧化物由生物电厂草木灰和硅酸钠提供,所述石灰石粉作为造孔剂,并提供部分CaO组分。
8.一种透水砖,其特征在于:采用权利要求1-7中任意一项所述的方法制备而成。
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