CN112339781B - Lifting wheel device for assisting starting and climbing of locomotive - Google Patents

Lifting wheel device for assisting starting and climbing of locomotive Download PDF

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CN112339781B
CN112339781B CN202011272261.0A CN202011272261A CN112339781B CN 112339781 B CN112339781 B CN 112339781B CN 202011272261 A CN202011272261 A CN 202011272261A CN 112339781 B CN112339781 B CN 112339781B
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locomotive
hydraulic cylinder
wheels
pair
electromagnetic directional
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CN112339781A (en
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魏道高
刘帅康
张宇航
王伟
董玉德
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Hefei University of Technology
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Hefei University of Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61C—LOCOMOTIVES; MOTOR RAILCARS
    • B61C15/00—Maintaining or augmenting the starting or braking power by auxiliary devices and measures; Preventing wheel slippage; Controlling distribution of tractive effort between driving wheels
    • B61C15/02—Maintaining or augmenting the starting or braking power by auxiliary devices and measures; Preventing wheel slippage; Controlling distribution of tractive effort between driving wheels by auxiliary driving wheels; by temporary coupling or use of fly wheels or booster engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/02—Arrangements permitting limited transverse relative movements between vehicle underframe or bolster and bogie; Connections between underframes and bogies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a lifting wheel device for assisting starting and climbing of a locomotive, and belongs to the technical field of rail locomotives. The lifting wheel device comprises a hydraulic cylinder, a connecting shaft, a pair of vibration absorbers, a pair of wheels and a hydraulic control mechanism; the outer end of a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected with the middle part of the connecting shaft; the two ends of the connecting shaft are respectively connected with the upper end of one shock absorber, and the lower end of each shock absorber is fixedly connected with the shell of the hub motor through a connecting bridge rod; the pair of wheels are both wheels with hub motors; the track of the pair of wheels is the same as that of the running wheels of the locomotive; the hydraulic control mechanism comprises an electromagnetic directional valve, a hydraulic pump, a motor and an oil tank. When the locomotive normally runs, under the action of the hydraulic control mechanism, a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is recovered, so that a pair of wheels are lifted to be separated from the track; when the locomotive starts and climbs, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder extends to enable the pair of wheels to be supported on the track, and driving force is increased. The pair of wheels can be lifted quickly and freely to assist in driving.

Description

Lifting wheel device for assisting starting and climbing of locomotive
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rail locomotives, and particularly relates to a wheel lifting device for assisting a locomotive to run.
Background
As is known, a locomotive is a self-propelled vehicle which pulls or pushes a railway vehicle to run without loading business load, and the locomotive can start and run smoothly on a flat track, but if the environment is severe, such as on a snow, ice and rain road or when climbing a slope, difficulties may be encountered. The utility model provides an automobile auxiliary wheel, auxiliary wheel and for the hydro-cylinder leg joint, the shock attenuation effect is not good, produces the destruction to the hydro-cylinder easily, needs two pneumatic cylinders moreover, the increase cost. Another wheel suspension mechanism, which primarily changes the suspension height of the wheels, is not substantially conducive to starting or climbing the locomotive. Lifting wheel arrangements for assisted starting or climbing of the locomotive are not known.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a lifting wheel device for assisting a locomotive to start and climb in order to solve the problem that the locomotive is difficult to run under severe working conditions.
A lifting wheel device for assisting starting and climbing of a locomotive comprises a hydraulic cylinder 1, a connecting shaft 3, a pair of shock absorbers, a pair of wheels and a hydraulic control mechanism;
the wheel is provided with a hub motor;
the hydraulic cylinder 1 is a piston type hydraulic cylinder, and the outer end of a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 1 is fixedly connected with the middle part of the connecting shaft 3; the connecting shaft 3 is horizontal, two ends of the connecting shaft 3 are respectively connected with the upper ends of one shock absorber, the lower end of each shock absorber is connected with one end of a connecting bridge rod, and the other end of the connecting bridge rod is fixedly connected with a shell of the hub motor;
the wheel track of the lifting wheel device is the same as the wheel track of the running wheel of the locomotive;
the hydraulic control mechanism comprises an electromagnetic directional valve 20, a hydraulic pump 23, a motor 24 and an oil tank 27; the electromagnetic directional valve 20 is a three-position four-way electromagnetic directional valve, a first working port A of the electromagnetic directional valve 20 is communicated with a rod cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 1, a second working port B of the electromagnetic directional valve 20 is communicated with a rodless cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 1, an oil return port T of the electromagnetic directional valve 20 is communicated with an oil tank 27, an oil inlet P of the electromagnetic directional valve 20 is communicated with an outlet of the hydraulic pump 23, and an inlet of the hydraulic pump 23 is communicated with the oil tank 27;
when in use, the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder 1 is fixedly connected with the lower part of a bogie of a locomotive body, so that a pair of wheels are positioned in front of a pair of running wheels at the forefront part;
when the locomotive normally runs, a piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder 1 of the lifting wheel device is recovered, so that a pair of wheels are lifted to be separated from a track; when the locomotive starts and climbs, a piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder 1 of the lifting wheel device extends to enable a pair of wheels to be supported on a track, and driving force is increased.
The technical scheme for further limiting is as follows:
the shock absorber is an oil pressure shock absorber.
A pilot-operated check valve 19 is connected in series between the first working port a of the electromagnetic directional valve 20 and the rod cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 1.
A first check valve 21 is connected in series between the oil inlet P of the electromagnetic directional valve 20 and the outlet of the hydraulic pump 23.
The outlet of the hydraulic pump 23 and the inlet of the first check valve 21 are communicated with the inlet of an overflow valve 25 through a tee pipe.
The inlet of the hydraulic pump 23 is connected in series with a filter 26.
The oil return port T of the electromagnetic directional valve 20 is connected in series with a second one-way valve 22.
The outer extending rod of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 1 is sleeved with a dustproof sleeve.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are embodied in the following aspects:
1. the invention can realize the lifting of the auxiliary wheel. When the locomotive normally runs, a piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder of the lifting wheel device is recovered, so that a pair of wheels are lifted to be separated from the track; when the locomotive starts and climbs, a piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder of the lifting wheel device extends to enable a pair of wheels to be supported on the track, so that driving force is increased, and starting and climbing are assisted.
2. The invention adopts the single hydraulic cylinder control mechanism, drives the wheels to lift through the connecting shaft, has simple and practical structure and saves cost.
3. The hydraulic control mechanism comprises a motor, a hydraulic pump and an electromagnetic directional valve, and the electromagnetic directional valve is controlled by a switch to realize the extension and retraction of a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder, so that pure electric drive is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wheel lifting device.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the hydraulic control mechanism.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the connection of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder and the connecting shaft.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the connection of the connecting shaft, the damper and the left connecting bridge rod.
Fig. 5 is a diagram showing a state where the wheels of the lifting wheel device are disengaged from the rails.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the use state of the lifting wheel device.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the lifting wheel device in a non-use state.
FIG. 8 is a graph illustrating the force analysis of a locomotive on a hill climb.
Fig. 9 is a graph showing a relationship between a gradient and a driving force for the climbing of the locomotive.
FIG. 10 is a force analysis diagram of a locomotive at start-up.
Fig. 11 is a graph showing a relationship between an initial acceleration and a driving force at the start of the locomotive.
Sequence numbers in the upper figure: the hydraulic device comprises a hydraulic cylinder 1, a dust cover 2, a connecting shaft 3, a bogie 4, a locomotive body 5, a rail 6, a running wheel 7, a left spring 8, a left shock absorber 9, a left supporting seat 10, a left connecting bridge rod 12, a left hub motor 13, a left wheel 14, a right spring 15, a right shock absorber 16, a right supporting seat 17, a right wheel 18, a hydraulic control one-way valve 19, an electromagnetic directional valve 20, a first one-way valve 21, a second one-way valve 22, a hydraulic pump 23, a motor 24, an overflow valve 25, a filter 26, an oil tank 27, a right connecting bridge rod 28 and a right hub motor 29.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, mechanism and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to be limiting.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1, a lifting wheel device for assisting starting and climbing of a locomotive includes a hydraulic cylinder 1, a connecting shaft 3, a pair of dampers, a pair of wheels, and a hydraulic control mechanism.
The pair of wheels are a left wheel 14 and a right wheel 18, and each of the left wheel 14 and the right wheel 18 is a wheel having a hub motor.
The hydraulic cylinder 1 is a piston type hydraulic cylinder, and the outer end of a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 1 is fixedly connected with the middle part of the connecting shaft 3; the connecting shaft 3 is horizontal, one end of the connecting shaft 3 is connected with the upper end of a left shock absorber 9, the lower end of the left shock absorber 9 is connected with one end of a left connecting bridge rod 12 through a left supporting seat 10, and the other end of the left connecting bridge rod 12 is fixedly connected with a shell of a left hub motor 13; referring to fig. 4, the other end of the connecting shaft 3 is connected to the upper end of a right damper 16, the lower end of the right damper 16 is connected to one end of a right connecting bridge 28 through a right support seat 17, and the other end of the right connecting bridge 28 is fixedly connected to the casing of a left hub motor 29, see fig. 4.
The left shock absorber 9 and the right shock absorber 16 are both oil pressure shock absorbers. The outer extending rod of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 1 is sleeved with a dustproof sleeve 2, as shown in figure 3.
The track width between the left wheel 14 and the right wheel 18 is the same as the track width between each pair of running wheels 7 of the locomotive.
Referring to fig. 2, the hydraulic control mechanism includes an electromagnetic directional valve 20, a hydraulic pump 23, a motor 24, and an oil tank 27, and the electromagnetic directional valve 20 is a three-position four-way electromagnetic directional valve. A first working port A of the electromagnetic directional valve 20 is communicated with a rod cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 1, a second working port B of the electromagnetic directional valve 20 is communicated with a rodless cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 1, an oil return port T of the electromagnetic directional valve 20 is communicated with an oil tank 27, an oil inlet P of the electromagnetic directional valve 20 is communicated with an outlet of the hydraulic pump 23, and an inlet of the hydraulic pump 23 is communicated with the oil tank 27; the inlet of the hydraulic pump 23 is connected with a filter 26 in series, and the outlet of the hydraulic pump 23 and the inlet of the first check valve 21 are communicated with the inlet of the overflow valve 25 through a tee pipe.
A hydraulic control one-way valve 19 is connected in series between the first working port A of the electromagnetic directional valve 20 and the rod cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 1; a first check valve 21 is connected in series between an oil inlet P of the electromagnetic directional valve 20 and an outlet of the hydraulic pump 23; the second check valve 22 is connected in series with the oil return port T of the electromagnetic directional valve 20.
Referring to fig. 5, when the vehicle normally travels on the rail 6, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 1 of the lifting wheel device is retracted, lifting the pair of wheels off the rail 6.
Referring to fig. 6, when the motorcycle is started and climbs a slope, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 1 of the lifting wheel device is extended to support a pair of wheels on the rails 6, increasing the driving force.
Referring to fig. 7, the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder 1 of the elevating wheel device is fixedly installed at the lower portion of the bogie 4 of the body 5 of the locomotive, and the left wheel 14 and the right wheel 18 are raised and positioned in front of the pair of running wheels 7 at the foremost portion, respectively.
To illustrate the beneficial results of the electric lift wheel device in assisting the driving of the locomotive, two operating conditions, starting and climbing, are discussed separately.
Referring to fig. 8, to illustrate that the motorized lift wheel assembly can assist the locomotive in climbing a hill, a force analysis is performed on the hill.
Figure BDA0002778094460000041
Neglecting the transmission losses in the middle, the output torque of the in-wheel motor is considered approximately as the driving torque transmitted to the wheel.
Figure BDA0002778094460000042
Considering that the vehicle speed is very small when climbing a slope, the air resistance can be ignored, the acceleration resistance can also be ignored in the same way, the slope angle on the actual road is not large, cos alpha ≈ 1, sin alpha ≈ tan alpha, therefore the above formula can be abbreviated as:
Fgeneral assembly＝Gf+Gi＝G(f+i)
③
Ft+F0＝G(f+i1) ④
F0＝G(f+i0) ⑤
i0＝tanα0,i1＝tanα 1 ⑥
ΔF＝Ft＝G·Δi ⑦
Δi＝tanα1-tanα 0 ⑧
Figure BDA0002778094460000051
Wherein: ftDriving force of auxiliary wheels, F0Driving force without auxiliary wheels, Tt-drivingMoment, r-radius of auxiliary wheel, f-coefficient of rolling resistance, m-weight of locomotive, CDCoefficient of air resistance, A-area facing the wind, uaVehicle speed, delta-rotating mass conversion factor, a-acceleration, alpha0Slope angle of climbing without auxiliary wheels, alpha1-angle of inclination, plus auxiliary wheel climbing0Grade of climbing without auxiliary wheels, i1Plus the grade of the climbing of the auxiliary wheel, FwAir resistance, FfRolling resistance, FjAcceleration resistance, Fz1，Fz2，Fz3，Fz4-ground reaction force.
Instance checking
At present, a locomotive is taken as a sample vehicle for example verification, and the data is as follows:
m＝145000kg，f＝0.006，F0＝350000N,r＝0.525m
by using the SIMULINK module in MATLB, alpha is drawn1And alpha0Graph comparing the change in drive torque, shown in FIG. 9, with solid line representing the gradient angle α1The dotted line represents the slope angle α0It is easy to see that the slope angle alpha of the original locomotive climbing is increased after the auxiliary wheel is added0With increasing drive torque of the auxiliary wheels, α1Phase contrast alpha0The invention has the beneficial effects that the climbing slope is increased continuously, namely the climbing slope of the locomotive is increased more and more, and the auxiliary climbing effect is achieved, so that the beneficial effects of the invention can be proved.
Referring to fig. 10, to illustrate that the motorized lift wheel assembly can assist in starting the locomotive, force analysis is performed on a flat rail.
Figure BDA0002778094460000052
Neglecting the transmission loss in the middle, the output torque of the in-wheel motor is considered as the driving torque transmitted to the wheel approximately, and since the starting speed is slow, the air resistance is neglected, the road is flat, and the gradient resistance is neglected.
F0＝Fj0+Ff
＝δma0+Gf ②
Ft+F0＝Fj1+Ff
＝δma1+Gf ③
ΔF＝Ft
＝Fj1-Fj0
＝δm(a1-a0) ④
Figure BDA0002778094460000061
Wherein: ftDriving force of auxiliary wheels, F0Driving force without auxiliary wheels, Tt-driving torque, r-auxiliary wheel radius, f-rolling resistance coefficient, m-locomotive weight, uaVehicle speed, delta-rotating mass conversion factor, a0Initial acceleration of the unassisted wheel, a1Adding an initial acceleration of the auxiliary wheel, FwAir resistance, FfRolling resistance, FjAcceleration resistance, Fz1，Fz2，Fz3，Fz4-ground reaction force.
Instance checking
At present, a locomotive is taken as a sample vehicle for example verification, and the data is as follows:
m＝160000kg，f＝0.006，F0＝450000N,r＝0.525m，δ＝1.2
by combining the SIMULINK module in MATLB, a is drawn1And a0Comparative graph of variation with drive torque, as shown in FIG. 11, with solid line representing initial acceleration a of the auxiliary wheel1The dotted line indicates the initial acceleration a of the non-assisted wheel0It can be easily seen that the initial acceleration a of the original locomotive after the auxiliary wheel is added0With increasing drive torque of the auxiliary wheels, a1Phase ratio a0The acceleration of the locomotive is increased continuously, namely the acceleration of the locomotive is increased more and more, and the auxiliary starting function is achieved, so that the beneficial results of the invention can be proved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A lifting wheel device for assisting starting and climbing of a locomotive is characterized in that: comprises a hydraulic cylinder (1), a connecting shaft (3), a pair of shock absorbers, a pair of wheels and a hydraulic control mechanism;
the wheel is provided with a hub motor;
the hydraulic cylinder (1) is a piston type hydraulic cylinder, and the outer end of a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder (1) is fixedly connected with the middle part of the connecting shaft (3); the connecting shaft (3) is horizontal, two ends of the connecting shaft (3) are respectively connected with the upper ends of one shock absorber, the lower end of each shock absorber is connected with one end of a connecting bridge rod, and the other end of the connecting bridge rod is fixedly connected with a shell of the hub motor;
the shock absorber is an oil pressure shock absorber;
the wheel track of the lifting wheel device is the same as the wheel track of a running wheel of the locomotive;
the hydraulic control mechanism comprises an electromagnetic directional valve (20), a hydraulic pump (23), a motor (24) and an oil tank (27); the electromagnetic directional valve (20) is a three-position four-way electromagnetic directional valve, a first working port A of the electromagnetic directional valve (20) is communicated with a rod cavity of the hydraulic cylinder (1), a second working port B of the electromagnetic directional valve (20) is communicated with a rodless cavity of the hydraulic cylinder (1), an oil return port T of the electromagnetic directional valve (20) is communicated with an oil tank (27), an oil inlet P of the electromagnetic directional valve (20) is communicated with an outlet of the hydraulic pump (23), and an inlet of the hydraulic pump (23) is communicated with the oil tank (27);
a hydraulic control one-way valve (19) is connected in series between the first working port A of the electromagnetic directional valve (20) and the rod cavity of the hydraulic cylinder (1);
a first one-way valve (21) is connected in series between an oil inlet P of the electromagnetic directional valve (20) and an outlet of the hydraulic pump (23);
the outlet of the hydraulic pump (23) and the inlet of the first one-way valve (21) are communicated with the inlet of an overflow valve (25) through a three-way pipe;
a second one-way valve (22) is connected in series at the oil return port T of the electromagnetic directional valve (20);
when in use, the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder (1) is fixedly connected with the lower part of a bogie of a locomotive body, so that a pair of wheels are positioned in front of a pair of running wheels at the forefront part;
when the locomotive normally runs, a piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder (1) of the lifting wheel device is recovered, so that a pair of wheels are lifted to be separated from the track; when the locomotive starts and climbs, a piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder (1) of the wheel lifting device extends to enable a pair of wheels to be supported on a track, and driving force is increased.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the lifting wheel device is adapted to assist starting and climbing of the locomotive, and further comprising: the inlet of the hydraulic pump (23) is connected with a filter (26) in series.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the lifting wheel device is adapted to assist starting and climbing of the locomotive, and further comprising: the outer extending rod of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder (1) is sleeved with a dustproof sleeve.
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB282396A (en) * 1926-12-15 1929-03-14 Kristian Rasmussen Improvements in and relating to locomotives
KR101231837B1 (en) * 2010-12-24 2013-02-08 한국철도기술연구원 traction and brake supporting appratus of railway vehicle
JP5819100B2 (en) * 2011-05-25 2015-11-18 北海道旅客鉄道株式会社 Traveling vehicle
CN107618324B (en) * 2017-08-03 2020-01-14 西南交通大学 Walking conversion mechanism of highway-railway dual-purpose hydraulic excavator
CN107255104A (en) * 2017-08-11 2017-10-17 侯强 Snow-clearing car hydraulic pressure obstacle avoidance system
CN107351850A (en) * 2017-08-22 2017-11-17 华东交通大学 A kind of auxiliary starter of train and brake apparatus and its method of work
CN208291213U (en) * 2018-06-20 2018-12-28 大连交通大学 Urban rail assists climbing apparatus
CN111452810B (en) * 2020-04-17 2022-01-25 李富盈 Light rail bogie

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