CN112335684A - Application of novel microbial pesticide in prevention and treatment of crop sheath blight - Google Patents

Application of novel microbial pesticide in prevention and treatment of crop sheath blight Download PDF

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CN112335684A
CN112335684A CN202011232685.4A CN202011232685A CN112335684A CN 112335684 A CN112335684 A CN 112335684A CN 202011232685 A CN202011232685 A CN 202011232685A CN 112335684 A CN112335684 A CN 112335684A
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sheath blight
coniothyrium minitans
rhizoctonia
suspension
pesticide
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CN112335684B (en
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沈志松
金坚
陈蕴
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Wuxi Jiannong Biotechnology Co ltd
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Jiangnan University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/30—Microbial fungi; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants

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Abstract

The invention discloses application of a novel microbial pesticide in prevention and control of crop sheath blight, and belongs to the technical field of biological pesticides and prevention and control of major agricultural biological disasters. The invention discloses a new microbial pesticide with decay-causing effect on pathogenic rhizoctonia solani and rhizoctonia gramineara, namely, coniothyrium minitans or a preparation thereof. Tests show that the coniothyrium minitans has the effect of preventing and treating the crop sheath blight caused by rhizoctonia solani and rhizoctonia gramineara. The coniothyrium minitans or the preparation thereof is adopted to prevent and treat the crop sheath blight, and the coniothyrium minitans has the characteristics of good pesticide effect (the highest prevention effect is 100%), stable performance (the effective period is as long as 240 days), simple use method (only one pesticide application in one season), low cost (equivalent to chemical pesticides) and the like besides the characteristics of no toxicity, no residue, no drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria and the like of microbial pesticides, and is expected to become the first microbial pesticide which can be comparable to chemical bactericides such as validamycin, triazoles and the like in the world and can prevent and treat the crop sheath blight.

Description

Application of novel microbial pesticide in prevention and treatment of crop sheath blight
Technical Field
The invention relates to application of a novel microbial pesticide in prevention and control of crop sheath blight, belonging to biological pesticides and major agricultural biological disaster prevention and control technologies.
Background
Sheath blight is one of the main diseases of crops, and large food crops such as rice, wheat, corn, potatoes and the like are easy to be infected with sheath blight, and the sheath blight occurs in planting areas all over the country and all over the world, and is more serious in warm and humid areas. The general disaster will reduce the yield of crops by 10% -30%, and the serious disaster will reduce the yield by more than 50%.
At present, the prevention and treatment of sheath blight at home and abroad mainly depend on agricultural antibiotic validamycin and chemical pesticide. Validamycin has been used in China for more than 30 years, the drug effect is found to be reduced in recent years, reports about drug resistance are increased, and the influence on human health and environmental ecology is controversial.
Thifluzamide and triazole bactericides are popular products in chemical pesticides for preventing and treating sheath blight at present. They have been found to remain in crops, food and soil in certain quantities and to present potential risks to the environment. In particular, triazole fungicides inhibit the growth of crops at high doses.
The bacillus subtilis and the trichoderma are both microbial pesticides, have good control effect, low toxicity, no residue and environmental friendliness, and are used for preventing and treating the crop sheath blight for many years in China. However, the effect of practical application is not ideal, the validamycin A is required to be compounded with validamycin A, and the market share is not high. Researches show that the bacillus subtilis and the trichoderma are influenced by factors such as surface tension of crop leaves, wax layers and the like, so that live bacteria sprayed on stems and leaves of plants cannot colonize for a long time to interact with pathogenic bacteria, and the efficacy of the medicament is reduced.
The soil fungi Coniothyrium Minitans, Latin Coniothyrium Minitans, belong to Ascomycota of Ascomycota, Coniothyrium of Coniothyrium and Coniothyrium Minitans of Coniothyrium species, are parasitic bacteria of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and are mainly used for preventing and treating sclerotinia rot of crops such as rapes, sunflowers, tobaccos and vegetables caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. In 1997, the company profunda germanica first obtained the registration of the pesticide for preventing and controlling sclerotinia rot of colza from coniothyrium minitans and realized the industrial production of coniothyrium minitans. In 2016 for 9 months, the stannless bar agricultural biotechnology limited company firstly obtained the new pesticide registration of coniothyrium minitans, No. PD20161253, and the object for preventing and treating sclerotinia rot of rape and sunflower.
The existing literature concurs that the coniothyrium minitans is a parasitic fungus with strong specificity, and the hosts are sclerotinia. So far, except sclerotinia sclerotiorum, there is no report that the coniothyrium minitans has a decay-causing effect on other fungi at home and abroad, and there is no document and other related reports that the coniothyrium minitans is adopted to prevent and control sheath blight of crops such as rice, wheat and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems of the existing pesticides for preventing and treating the crop sheath blight, the invention discloses application of a novel microbial pesticide, namely coniothyrium minitans, in preventing and treating the crop sheath blight, and provides a novel pesticide which is efficient, low in toxicity, free of residue, free of resistance generation and low in use cost for preventing and treating the crop sheath blight.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the invention provides an application of a novel microbial pesticide in preventing and treating crop sheath blight, wherein the novel microbial pesticide is Coniothyrium Minitans (Conithium Minitans) or a preparation thereof, and the Coniothyrium Minitans or the preparation thereof can enable pathogenic bacteria Rhizoctonia solani (Rhzioeotia solanni) and Rhizoctonia graminearum (Rhizoctonia Cereali) to rot and prevent and treat crop sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Rhizoctonia graminearum.
Further, the crop sheath blight disease comprises: rice sheath blight, wheat sheath blight, barley sheath blight, oat sheath blight, corn sheath blight, soybean sheath blight, cotton rhizoctonia, tobacco damping off, potato black nevus, vegetable sheath blight and other crop sheath blight.
Further, the preparation is a pesticide preparation taking shield shell mould as an active ingredient, and the preparation comprises the following types: powder (DP), Wettable Powder (WP), Granules (GR), water dispersible granules (WG), Suspension (SC), Soluble Powder (SP), powdered milk (EP), Soluble Granules (SG), powdered milk (EG), Tablets (TB), Soluble Tablets (ST), dispersible tablets (WT), Microemulsions (ME), microcapsule suspension (CS), microcapsule suspension-water emulsion (ZW), microcapsule suspension-suspension (ZC), microcapsule suspension-suspoemulsion (ZE), dispersible oil suspension (OD), dispersible liquid (DC), seed treatment Liquid (LS), seed treatment suspension (FS), seed treatment Emulsion (ES), seed treatment dispersible powder (WS), seed treatment dry powder (DS) or suspended seed coating (FSC).
Further, the application method comprises the following steps: before planting crops, uniformly spraying the coniothyrium minitans or a preparation thereof on the surface of soil at the dosage of 200-1600 hundred million spores per 667 square meters per gram of the coniothyrium minitans, and then mechanically ploughing to bury the coniothyrium minitans or the preparation thereof into the soil; the application is carried out once per growing season.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) the control effect is obvious, the lasting period is long: the novel microbial pesticide, coniothyrium minitans, has a remarkable effect of preventing and treating the crop sheath blight, has the highest prevention effect of 100 percent, and can be comparable to chemical pesticides and validamycin. The lasting period of the coniothyrium minitans is more than 8 months, and the application is only carried out for 1 time in one growing season.
(2) Is friendly to the environment: the coniothyrium minitans has the characteristics of low toxicity, no residue, no generation of pathogenic bacteria drug resistance, environmental friendliness and the like, and meets the national requirements of zero increase and double decrease of fertilizers and pesticides. The production of the coniothyrium minitans adopts a green process, and no waste water, waste gas and waste residue are discharged in the production process.
(3) The unique application method comprises the following steps: the coniothyrium minitans adopts a method of applying pesticide in soil before planting crops (pre-burying method), so that the coniothyrium minitans can be colonized in the soil for a long time, the growth and the propagation of target pathogenic bacteria can be controlled in the soil in enough time, the state of illness is inhibited in a 'cradle', and the control effect can reach 100 percent at most. The application method also has other advantages: the application is simple and convenient; secondly, the defect that the pesticide application is influenced by the weather is avoided; and thirdly, the harm of bactericides and other chemical agents to the living organisms of the microorganisms in the growing period of the crops can be avoided.
(4) The production and use cost is low: the coniothyrium minitans is produced by adopting a solid fermentation technology, agricultural and sideline products such as bran and the like are used as raw materials, the energy consumption is low, the treatment expenditure of three wastes is avoided, and the production cost is low. Because the labor cost is low as long as the pesticide is applied once in one season, the pesticide per mu and the use cost are expected to be equivalent to those of chemical pesticides.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the sclerotia of the 3 kinds of banded sclerotial blight pathogenic bacteria are processed by the coniothyrium minitans, and then the appearance forms are obtained.
FIG. 2: microscopic observation results of paraffin sections of 3 kinds of rhizoctonia solani sclerotium after being treated by coniothyrium minitans.
Detailed Description
In the laboratory biological activity (toxicity) test and the field reagent test, the invention uses the wettable powder of the microbial new pesticide, namely the coniothyrium minitans, the content of the active component, namely the coniothyrium minitans, is 2 hundred million spores per gram, the rest components are inert carrier perlite powder, and the wettable powder is produced by a stannless bar agricultural biotechnology limited company. The product has obtained new pesticide registration at home, registration certificate number: PD 20161253.
Determination of laboratory biological activity (virulence):
the indoor biological activity of the coniothyrium minitans on rhizoctonia solani sclerotium and rhizoctonia cerealis sclerotium is measured by adopting a sclerotium rot-causing method, and the numerical value of the indoor biological activity (toxicity) is represented by correcting rot rate (%).
And (3) field efficacy test:
a field pesticide effect test of the coniothyrium minitans for preventing and treating the sheath blight of rice and wheat is carried out in the Fangqiangxiang of Yixing city of Jiangsu, the wettable powder of the coniothyrium minitans with different doses is sprayed on the surface of soil before crops are planted, and then ploughing is carried out, and the pesticide is buried in the soil. The test result of the field drug effect is represented by the prevention and treatment effect (%).
The indoor biological activity test result shows that: the putrescence rate of the coniothyrium minitans relative rhizoctonia solani sclerotium is more than 90%, and the putrescence rate of the rhizoctonia cerealis sclerotium is 86.7%. The field efficacy test result shows that the coniothyrium minitans has good control effect on rice and wheat sheath blight, the low dose (100 plus 200 g/667 square meters) is 75% -90%, and the high dose (300 plus 800 g/667 square meters) is 90% -100%.
Example 1: laboratory biological activity (virulence) assay
2.0 g of 2X 10 are weighed out8Spore/g shield shell mouldWet powder, put into a watch glass containing 20 g of river sand, equivalent to 107Spores per gram of river sand. 20 rhizoctonia solani, which is a pathogenic bacterium of rice sheath blight disease, 20 rhizoctonia solani, which is a pathogenic bacterium of potato black nevus, and 20 rhizoctonia graminis, which is a pathogenic bacterium of wheat sheath blight disease, are respectively embedded in the surface dish. Each sample was set up for 3 replicates and 1 blank was set up in addition. Each petri dish was then incubated in an incubator at 20 ℃. After 4-5 weeks, the dish was removed from the incubator and cut with a razor blade from the middle of the sclerotium, which was considered to be a rotting sclerotium if at least one of the two hemispheric sclerotiums was found to be soft in tissue.
The number of putrescence nuclei was counted for each treatment group and blank group, and biological activity (virulence) was characterized by correcting the putrescence rate F:
Figure BDA0002765731910000041
in the formula: fjTreatment group putrescence nucleus count 60, F020/blank group putrescence sclerotium total number
The test results are shown in tables 1, 2 and 3.
Table 1: corrected rotting rate of coniothyrium minitans against rhizoctonia solani sclerotium (rice sheath blight disease)
Figure BDA0002765731910000042
Table 2: corrected decay rate of coniothyrium minitans against rhizoctonia solani sclerotium (potato black nevus)
Figure BDA0002765731910000043
Table 3: corrected rotting rate of coniothyrium minitans on rhizoctonia cerealis sclerotia (sheath blight of wheat)
Figure BDA0002765731910000044
Test results show that the corrected rotting rates of the rhizoctonia solani sclerotium (rice and potatoes) and the rhizoctonia cerealis sclerotium (wheat) are respectively 90 percent, 94.4 percent and 86.7 percent, are both more than 80 percent, and have stronger decay-causing toxicity.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the appearance of 3 rhizoctonia solani after treatment with coniothyrium minitans. The sclerotia in the control group was visually observed to be intact and smooth indicating normal sclerotia growth (fig. 1a, c, e). The sclerotia in the treated group are covered with white hypha, and the typical decay-causing characteristics such as blister and softening appear on the surface of part of sclerotia (fig. 1b, d, f). And (4) marking and separating white hyphae on the sclerotium of the treated group by using an inoculating loop, and identifying the white hyphae as the coniothyrium minitans. The sclerotia were cut from the middle with a razor blade and the treated group was found to have substantially softened sclerotia, many of which could be crushed by hand, with a clear difference from the freshly obtained sclerotia and the blank control sclerotia.
FIG. 2 is a microscopic observation result of paraffin sections of 3 rhizoctonia solani sclerotium treated by coniothyrium minitans. Mycelium cells in the control group sclerotium (a, c, e) section are arranged regularly and compactly, and the boundary is clear, which shows that the sclerotium structure is complete, and the strict and orderly arranged hypha winding structure is suitable for the growth of rhizoctonia solani and the pressure of resisting the environment. And the coniothyrium minitans preparation treatment groups (b, d and f) have loose and irregular arrangement of mycelium cells, and partial areas even have plaques, which shows that the sclerotium structure is obviously damaged, and the characteristic is identical with the decay characteristics of sclerotium rot, softness and the like observed in a macroscopic view.
The above phenomena indicate that the sclerotium nigella kuhn and sclerotium graminearum treated with coniothyrium minitans have collapsed structures, and their biological activities are destroyed, inhibiting the germination and growth of mycelia.
Example 2: test of field drug effect (Rice)
Test work: rice, nanjing 3908. Coniothyrium minitans: 2X 108Spore/gram of wettable powder of coniothyrium minitans. The method is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of spraying the paddy rice on the surface of soil before planting, and then turning the surface soil into the soil by rotary tillage. The application times are as follows: 1 time. Chemical pesticide: 24 percent of azoxystrobin suspending agent,20 g/667 m, 28% validamycin a soluble powder, 40 g/667 m, used according to conventional method. The test results are shown in Table 4.
Table 4: test results of field pesticide effect of coniothyrium minitans on prevention and control of rice sheath blight
Figure BDA0002765731910000051
Test results show that the coniothyrium minitans is very effective in preventing and treating rice sheath blight, and the highest prevention effect can reach 100%.
Example 3: test of field drug effect (wheat)
Test work: wheat, sunon 128. Coniothyrium minitans: 2X 108Spore/gram of wettable powder of coniothyrium minitans. One week before wheat is planted, spraying the wheat on the soil surface, and then turning the surface soil into the soil by rotary tillage. Chemical pesticide: 10% of a Jinhexidine hexaconazole suspending agent, 40 g/667 square meters, is used according to the conventional method. The test results are shown in Table 5.
Table 5: test results of field pesticide effect of coniothyrium minitans on wheat sheath blight prevention and control
Figure BDA0002765731910000052
Figure BDA0002765731910000061
Test results show that the coniothyrium minitans is very effective in preventing and treating wheat sharp eyespot, and the highest prevention effect can reach 100%.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (4)

1. The application of the novel microbial pesticide in preventing and treating the sheath blight of the crops is characterized in that the novel microbial pesticide is Coniothyrium Minitans (Conithium Minitans) or a preparation thereof, and the Coniothyrium Minitans or the preparation thereof can enable pathogenic bacteria such as Rhizoctonia solani (Rhzioeotia solanni) and Rhizoctonia graminis (Rhizoctonia Cereali) to rot and prevent and treat the sheath blight of the crops caused by the Rhizoctonia solani and the Rhizoctonia graminis.
2. The use of claim 1, wherein the crop sheath blight disease comprises: rice sheath blight, wheat sheath blight, barley sheath blight, oat sheath blight, corn sheath blight, soybean sheath blight, cotton rhizoctonia, tobacco damping off, potato black nevus, vegetable sheath blight and other crop sheath blight.
3. The use as claimed in claim 1, wherein the formulation is a pesticidal formulation comprising, as active ingredient, coniothyrium minitans, of the type comprising: powder DP, wettable powder WP, granules GR, water dispersible granules WG, suspension SC, soluble powder SP, milk powder EP, soluble granules SG, milk granules EG, tablet TB, soluble tablets ST, dispersible tablets WT, microemulsion ME, microcapsule suspension CS, microcapsule suspension-water emulsion ZW, microcapsule suspension-suspension ZC, microcapsule suspension-suspoemulsion ZE, dispersible oil suspension OD, dispersible liquid DC, seed treatment liquid LS, seed treatment suspension FS, seed treatment emulsion ES, seed treatment dispersible powder WS, seed treatment dry powder DS, or suspension seed coating FSC.
4. Use according to claim 1 or 3, characterised in that the method of application is: before planting crops, uniformly spraying the coniothyrium minitans or a preparation thereof on the surface of soil at the dosage of 200-1600 hundred million spores per 667 square meters per gram of the coniothyrium minitans, and then mechanically ploughing to bury the coniothyrium minitans or the preparation thereof into the soil; the application is carried out once per growing season.
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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102408996A (en) * 2010-09-26 2012-04-11 华中农业大学 Wettable powder of biocontrol bacteria coniothyrium minitans Chy-1C-1 and application

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102408996A (en) * 2010-09-26 2012-04-11 华中农业大学 Wettable powder of biocontrol bacteria coniothyrium minitans Chy-1C-1 and application

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
EL-EMBABY, S. M: "Control of damping off and/or sore shin in cotton and white mould in cowpea plant disease(s) by using a bio-fungicide Coniothyrium minitans campbell.", 《RESEARCH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES》 *
MATHEW, K: "Biological control of root rot of French bean caused by Rhizoctonia solani", 《JOURNAL OF MYCOLOGY AND PLANT PATHOLOGY》 *
SINGH, A. K.: "Bio-intensive management of soil-borne diseases of sunflower", 《ANNALS OF PLANT PROTECTION SCIENCES》 *

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