CN112335089A - Electrochemical device and battery pack - Google Patents
Electrochemical device and battery pack Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112335089A CN112335089A CN202080001975.XA CN202080001975A CN112335089A CN 112335089 A CN112335089 A CN 112335089A CN 202080001975 A CN202080001975 A CN 202080001975A CN 112335089 A CN112335089 A CN 112335089A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- electrochemical device
- lithium
- positive
- negative
- electrode active
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- -1 silicon oxy compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 42
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000572 Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide (NCM) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PFYQFCKUASLJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni].[Li] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni].[Li] PFYQFCKUASLJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SJHAYVFVKRXMKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2-oxide Chemical compound CC1COS(=O)O1 SJHAYVFVKRXMKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- DISYGAAFCMVRKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl ethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)OCC DISYGAAFCMVRKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCC CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 43
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 9
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 7
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- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCS)C(=O)C2=C1 UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- HFCVPDYCRZVZDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O Chemical compound [Li+].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O HFCVPDYCRZVZDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940057061 mevalonolactone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001289 polyvinyl ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- WMOVHXAZOJBABW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C WMOVHXAZOJBABW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000785 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Abstract
An electrochemical device comprises an anode, a cathode, a separating film and electrolyte, and a voltage U of the electrochemical device0Satisfies the following relation: u shape0＝UIs just‑UNegative pole‑Ur；UIs just＝x1U1 is+x2U2 is positive+…+xnUN is positive；UNegative pole＝y1UMinus 1+y2UMinus 2+…+ymUNegative m；Ur＝I0*R；3.55V≤U0≤3.76V；U0、Ur、UIs just、UNegative poleRespectively representing the voltage, the impedance partial pressure, the voltage platform of the anode and the voltage platform of the cathode of the electrochemical device; x is the number ofnRepresents the ratio of the mass of the n-th positive electrode active material to the total mass of all the n positive electrode active materials, UN is positive、UNegative mRespectively showing the voltage plateau of the nth positive electrode active material or the mth negative electrode active material,ymrepresents the ratio of the mass of the m-th negative electrode active material to the total mass of all m negative electrode active materials, I0And R respectively represent the discharge current and the impedance of the electrochemical device, n is not less than 2 and is a positive integer, and m is not less than 1 and is a positive integer. The invention also relates to a battery comprising a plurality of electrochemical devices.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of energy storage technologies, and in particular, to an electrochemical device and a battery pack including the same.
Background
Lithium ion batteries (electrochemical devices) have the advantages of high specific energy, high operating voltage, low self-discharge rate, small volume, light weight, and the like, and have wide applications in the field of consumer electronics. However, with the rapid development of electric vehicles and mobile electronic devices, the performance (especially, energy density and cycle performance) of lithium ion batteries is increasingly required.
With the continuous release of the schedule of prohibition of selling fuel vehicles in various countries around the world, the new energy industry is again in the heat of development. It is expected that lithium ion batteries will be widely used in the electric vehicle industry in the future. At present, the voltage platforms of the battery packs of the conventional electric two-wheeled vehicles have 36V, 48V, 60V, 72V, 84V or 96V, and the number of corresponding lithium ion batteries forming the battery packs needs to be an integer, generally 10-30. This requires the voltage plateau of the li-ion battery to be within this relatively small voltage plateau window between 3.5V and 3.8V. The voltage platforms of the traditional lithium ion batteries are different in height, for example, the voltage platform of the lithium ion battery with the anode active material being lithium iron phosphate is about 3.2V, and the voltage platform of the lithium ion battery with the anode active material being lithium cobalt oxide is about 3.85V, which cannot meet the output of the specific voltage of the battery pack.
The output voltage required by the voltage platform of the common battery pack of the electric two-wheeled vehicle is generally multiple of 12V, and a plurality of lithium ion batteries are required to be connected in series for use, namely the voltage platform of each lithium ion battery is required to be about 3.5V-3.8V, if the voltage platform of a single lithium ion battery is too high, the overall design energy density is too high, the battery pack consisting of a plurality of lithium ion batteries cannot reach the standard output voltage platform, the use of the battery pack is influenced, and the cost is increased; similarly, if the voltage platform of a single lithium ion battery is too low, the standard output voltage platform can not be reached.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the above disadvantages of the prior art, it is necessary to provide an electrochemical device with an output voltage plateau of 3.55V to 3.76V and low cost.
It is also desirable to provide a battery having an integral number of electrochemical devices as described above.
The invention provides an electrochemical device, which comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separation film and electrolyte, wherein the separation film is arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the positive electrode comprises a positive electrode active material layer, the positive electrode active material layer comprises n positive electrode active materials, the negative electrode comprises a negative electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer comprises m negative electrode active materials, and a voltage platform U of the electrochemical device is provided0Satisfies the following relation:
U0＝Uis just-UNegative pole-Ur(formula 1);
Uis just＝x1U1 is+x2U2 is positive+.....+xnUN is positive(formula 2);
Unegative pole＝y1UMinus 1+y2UMinus 2+.....+ymUNegative m(formula 3);
Ur＝I0r (formula 4);
3.55V≤U03.76V (formula 5) or less;
wherein, U0Indicating the voltage plateau, U, of the electrochemical deviceIs justVoltage plateau, U, representing positive poleNegative poleVoltage plateau, U, representing the negative polerRepresenting the partial pressure, x, of the impedance of the electrochemical devicenRepresents the ratio of the mass of the n-th positive electrode active material to the total mass of all the n positive electrode active materials, UN is positiveVoltage plateau, y, representing the n-th positive electrode active materialmRepresents the ratio of the mass of the m-th negative electrode active material to the total mass of all m negative electrode active materials, UNegative mVoltage plateau of m-th negative electrode active material, I0Represents a discharge current of the electrochemical device, R represents an impedance of the electrochemical device, n is a positive integer and 2 or more, and m is a positive integer and 1 or more.
In some embodiments of the invention, I0Has a value of 10A.
In some embodiments of the invention, R has a value of 1 milli-ohm to 30 milli-ohms.
In some embodiments of the present invention, R comprises a positive impedance, a negative impedance, an electrolyte impedance, and an ohmic internal resistance of the electrochemical device.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the positive electrode active material includes at least one of lithium iron phosphate or lithium manganate.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the positive active material further comprises at least one of lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide or lithium nickel cobalt aluminate.
In some embodiments of the invention, the negative active material comprises at least one of artificial graphite, natural graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, mesocarbon microbeads, silicon, a silicon alloy, a silicon-carbon composite, a silicon oxy compound, lithium titanate, or niobium titanate.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the electrolyte includes a solvent and a lithium salt, the solvent including at least one of dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, ethyl butyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, γ -butyrolactone, vinylene carbonate, or propylene sulfite.
In some embodiments of the invention, the lithium salt comprises at least one of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium perchlorate, or lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate.
The present invention also provides a battery pack including the electrochemical device as above. The battery pack satisfies the following relation:
Ugeneral assembly＝U0*i (Formula 6);
wherein, UGeneral assemblyThe unit of the voltage platform output outwards of the battery pack is V, and i represents the number of the electrochemical devices; and UGeneral assemblyIs selected from one of 36, 48, 60, 72, 84 or 96, and UGeneral assemblyWith a deviation of ± 0.5.
The electrochemical device provided by the invention comprehensively considers various factors such as a positive voltage platform, a negative voltage platform, impedance voltage division and the like of the electrochemical device, so that the voltage platform U of a single electrochemical device0Satisfies the following conditions: u is not less than 3.55V03.76V or less, so that the number of the electrochemical devices is an integer when the total voltage plateau of the battery using the electrochemical devices is 36V, 48V, 60V, 72V, 84V or 96V. In addition, the battery pack consisting of a plurality of electrochemical devices can reach a standard output voltage platform, the use of the battery pack is not influenced, and the cost is not increased, so that the battery pack consisting of a plurality of electrochemical devices has lower cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a discharge curve diagram of a lithium ion battery (electrochemical device) according to example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the predetermined objects, the following detailed description will be given to specific embodiments, structures, features and effects of the electrochemical device and the battery pack provided by the present invention in combination with the preferred embodiments. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The invention provides an electrochemical device which comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an isolating membrane and electrolyte, wherein the isolating membrane is arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The positive electrode includes a positive electrode active material layer including n kinds of positive electrode active materials. The anode includes an anode active material layer including m anode active materials. Wherein the voltage platform U of the electrochemical device0Satisfies the following relation:
U0＝Uis just-UNegative pole-Ur(formula 1);
Uis just＝x1U1 is+x2U2 is positive+.....+xnUN is positive(formula 2);
Unegative pole＝y1UMinus 1+y2UMinus 2+.....+ymUNegative m(formula 3);
Ur＝I0r (formula 4);
3.55V≤U03.76V (formula 5) or less;
wherein, U0Indicating the voltage plateau, U, of the electrochemical deviceIs justVoltage plateau, U, representing positive poleNegative poleVoltage plateau, U, representing the negative polerRepresenting the partial pressure, x, of the impedance of the electrochemical devicenRepresents the ratio of the mass of the n-th positive electrode active material to the total mass of all the n positive electrode active materials, UN is positiveVoltage plateau, y, representing the n-th positive electrode active materialmRepresents the ratio of the mass of the m-th negative electrode active material to the total mass of all m negative electrode active materials, UNegative mVoltage plateau of m-th negative electrode active material, I0Represents a discharge current of the electrochemical device, R represents an impedance of the electrochemical device, n is a positive integer and 2 or more, and m is a positive integer and 1 or more.
The voltage change of the electrochemical device is not a slope drop when the electrochemical device is discharged. Generally, as shown in fig. 1, when an electrochemical device starts to discharge, the voltage drops relatively fast, and as the discharge progresses, the voltage of the electrochemical device hardly changes, or changes very little, which occupies most of the whole discharge time, i.e., the voltage plateau of the discharge of the electrochemical device, it should be noted that the value of the voltage plateau of the present invention refers to the center voltage of the discharge curve, and before and after the center voltage, the voltage changes very slowly during the discharge, for example, the voltage plateau shown in fig. 1 is 3.659V. The same is true of the voltage plateau of a battery consisting of electrochemical devices.
The electrochemical device provided by the invention comprehensively considers various factors such as a positive voltage platform, a negative voltage platform, impedance voltage division and the like of the electrochemical device, so that the voltage platform U of a single electrochemical device0Satisfies the following conditions: u is not less than 3.55V03.76V, so that the number of electrochemical devices is an integer when the total voltage plateau of the battery using the electrochemical devices is 36V, 48V, 60V, 72V, 84V or 96V.
Specifically, the voltage plateau of the positive electrode has a direct relationship with the kind of the positive electrode active material and the ratio of the mass of each positive electrode active material to the total mass of all the positive electrode active materials, and they greatly affect the output voltage plateau of the electrochemical device.
Specifically, the voltage plateau of the negative electrode is related to the kind of the negative electrode active material, and the ratio of the mass of each negative electrode active material to the total mass of all the negative electrode active materials.
Specifically, the impedance partial pressure is related to the positive impedance, the negative impedance, the ohmic internal resistance, the electrolyte impedance, and the like.
Specifically, the positive and negative impedance influence factors are: the positive electrode active material layer comprises a positive active material layer, a negative active material layer, a positive electrode active material layer, a negative electrode active material layer, a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate and the like. For example, the lower the content of the conductive agent in the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material layer, the greater the positive and negative electrode impedances; the larger the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material layer is, the larger the impedance of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is; the greater the compaction density of the positive and negative pole pieces, the greater the impedance of the positive and negative poles.
Specifically, there are many factors that influence the ohmic internal resistance, including, but not limited to, the type and thickness of the current collector, the thickness of the tab, the type and thickness of the separator, the air permeability, and the like.
Specifically, there are many factors affecting the impedance of the electrolyte, such as the types of the solvent and the lithium salt, and the ratio of the solvent and the lithium salt, and different solvents may cause a difference in the viscosity of the electrolyte, thereby affecting the impedance of the electrolyte, causing a difference in the impedance partial pressure, and ultimately affecting the output voltage platform of the electrochemical device.
In some embodiments of the invention, I0Has a value of 10A. When I is0When the voltage is 10A, the current of the electrochemical device is close to the current in actual use, the real use state of the electrochemical device can be obtained, and the magnitude of the impedance partial pressure in actual use of the electrochemical device can be accurately obtained, so that the output voltage platform of the electrochemical device in actual use is 3.55V to 3.76V, and the condition that the output voltage platform of the electrochemical device is not in the range of 3.55V to 3.76V due to inaccurate estimation of the impedance partial pressure can be avoided.
In some embodiments of the invention, R has a value of 1 milli-ohm to 30 milli-ohms. When the value of R is within this range, the electrochemical device can achieve good electrochemical properties (e.g., cycle performance, rapid charging performance) on the one hand, and has less influence on the output voltage plateau of the electrochemical device on the other hand, thereby providing the electrochemical device with better overall performance.
In some embodiments of the present invention, R comprises a positive impedance, a negative impedance, an electrolyte impedance, and an ohmic internal resistance of the electrochemical device. Because the output voltage plateau range of the electrochemical device is small, if R does not consider the influence of these impedances on the output voltage plateau, even if the voltage plateaus of the positive and negative electrodes satisfy the design of the output voltage plateau, the small impedance division may cause the output voltage plateau of the electrochemical device to hardly be in the range of 3.55V to 3.76V, which is caused by the small window of the output voltage plateau of 3.55V to 3.76V.
Specifically, in some embodiments of the present invention, the positive electrode active material includes at least one of lithium iron phosphate or lithium manganate. The lithium iron phosphate and the lithium manganate can be subjected to coating and doping treatment, for example, carbon-coated lithium iron phosphate, wherein the cost of the lithium iron phosphate or the lithium manganate is low, and the positive active material contains at least one of the lithium iron phosphate or the lithium manganate, so that the cost of the electrochemical device and the battery pack can be remarkably reduced, and the lithium iron phosphate or the lithium manganate has wide market competitiveness.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, the positive active material further comprises at least one of lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide or lithium nickel cobalt aluminate. Wherein, because the energy density of lithium iron phosphate or lithium manganate is lower, and the energy density of lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide or lithium nickel cobalt aluminate is higher, so the selection of lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide or lithium nickel cobalt aluminate can further improve the energy density of electrochemical device and battery pack.
Wherein, the chemical formula of the nickel cobalt lithium manganate or nickel cobalt lithium aluminate is as follows: lixCoyNizM1-y-zObXb-a(ii) a Wherein M is one or more elements of boron, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, gallium, germanium, yttrium, zirconium, molybdenum, silver, barium, tungsten, indium, tin, lead and antimony, and x, y, z, a and b satisfy: x is more than 0.8 and less than or equal to 1.2 and 0<y≤0.5，0.5≤z<1.0，1-y-z>B is more than or equal to 0, 1.8 and less than or equal to 2.2, and a is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1.0.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the positive active material layer further includes a first binder and a conductive agent. The positive electrode active material is mixed with a first binder and a conductive agent. The conductive agent and the first binder are those commonly used in the industry and applicable to the positive electrode.
The conductive agent may include at least one of conductive carbon black, graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, or ketjen black. The first binder may be at least one selected from polyvinylidene fluoride, copolymers of vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene, polyamides, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylates, polyacrylic acids, polyacrylates, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl ether, polymethyl methacrylate, polytetrafluoroethylene, or polyhexafluoropropylene.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the positive electrode further includes a positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode active material layer is supported on the positive electrode current collector.
In some embodiments of the invention, the negative active material comprises at least one of artificial graphite, natural graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, mesocarbon microbeads, silicon, a silicon alloy, a silicon-carbon composite, a silicon oxy compound, lithium titanate, or niobium titanate.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the negative electrode active material layer further includes a second binder, and the second binder is mixed with the negative electrode active material.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the anode further includes an anode current collector on which the anode active material layer is supported.
The electrochemical device of the present invention is not particularly limited in material, structure, and the like of the separator. The separator includes, but is not limited to, at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, and aramid. For example, the polyethylene includes at least one component selected from the group consisting of high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, and ultra high molecular weight polyethylene. Particularly polyethylene and polypropylene, which have a good effect on preventing short circuits and can improve the stability of the battery through a shutdown effect.
The surface of the separation membrane may further include a porous layer disposed on at least one surface of the separation membrane, the porous layer including one or both of inorganic particles selected from alumina (Al) and a binder2O3) Silicon oxide (SiO)2) Magnesium oxide (MgO), titanium oxide (TiO)2) Hafnium oxide (HfO)2) Tin oxide (SnO)2) Cerium oxide (CeO)2) Nickel oxide (NiO), zinc oxide (ZnO), calcium oxide (CaO), zirconium oxide (ZrO)2) Yttrium oxide (Y)2O3) Silicon carbide (SiC), boehmite, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and barium sulfate. The binder is selected from polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylate, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polyethyleneOne or more of ether, polymethyl methacrylate, polytetrafluoroethylene and polyhexafluoropropylene.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the electrolyte includes a solvent and a lithium salt, the solvent including at least one of dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, ethyl butyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, γ -butyrolactone, vinylene carbonate, or propylene sulfite.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the electrolyte solution further includes other non-aqueous solvents than those described above, and the non-aqueous solvent may be a carbonate compound, a carboxylate compound, an ether compound, other organic solvents, or a combination thereof.
The carbonate compound may be a cyclic carbonate compound, a fluoro carbonate compound, or a combination thereof.
Examples of the cyclic carbonate compound are Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), Butylene Carbonate (BC), Vinyl Ethylene Carbonate (VEC), or a combination thereof. Examples of the fluoro carbonate compound are fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), 1, 2-difluoroethylene carbonate, 1, 2-trifluoroethylene carbonate, 1,2, 2-tetrafluoroethylene carbonate, 1-fluoro-2-methylethylene carbonate, 1-fluoro-1-methylethylene carbonate, 1, 2-difluoro-1-methylethylene carbonate, 1, 2-trifluoro-2-methylethylene carbonate, trifluoromethylethylene carbonate, or a combination thereof.
Examples of carboxylate compounds are methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, t-butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, decalactone, valerolactone, mevalonolactone, caprolactone, methyl formate, or combinations thereof.
Examples of the ether compound are dibutyl ether, tetraglyme, diglyme, 1, 2-dimethoxyethane, 1, 2-diethoxyethane, ethoxymethoxyethane, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran, or a combination thereof.
Examples of other organic solvents are dimethylsulfoxide, 1, 2-dioxolane, sulfolane, methyl sulfolane, 1, 3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, formamide, dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, phosphate esters, or combinations thereof.
In some embodiments of the invention, the lithium salt comprises at least one of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium perchlorate, or lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate.
The present invention also provides a battery pack including the electrochemical device as above. The battery pack satisfies the following relation:
Ugeneral assembly＝U0I (formula 6);
wherein, VGeneral assemblyThe unit of the voltage platform output outwards of the battery pack is V, and i represents the number of the electrochemical devices; and UGeneral assemblyIs selected from one of 36, 48, 60, 72, 84 or 96, and UGeneral assemblyWith a deviation of ± 0.5.
The battery pack formed by applying a plurality of electrochemical devices of the present invention can reach a standard output voltage platform without affecting the use of the battery pack and causing an increase in cost, so that the battery pack formed by applying a plurality of electrochemical devices of the present invention has a lower cost.
The present invention is illustrated below by means of specific examples and comparative examples. Specifically, the lithium ion batteries referred to in the following specific examples are all referred to as electrochemical devices.
Example 1
Preparation of the positive electrode: lithium iron phosphate (U)1 is3.3V) and lithium manganate (U)2 is positive4.02V), conductive carbon black, carbon nanotubes, polyvinylidene fluoride 28.8 by weight: 67.2: 0.8: 0.8: 2.4 (mass ratio of lithium iron phosphate, x)1Is 0.3, the mass ratio of lithium manganate, x20.7) was dissolved in the N-methylpyrrolidone solution to form a positive electrode slurry. An aluminum foil was used as a positive electrode current collector (thickness of aluminum foil is 16 μm), and the positive electrode slurry was coated on both sides of the positive electrode current collector (coating weight 0.25 kg/m)2) Drying and cold pressing (the compaction density of the anode is 3.5 g/cm)3) And cutting to obtain the anode.
Preparing the negative electrode by mixing artificial graphiteUMinus 1Is 0.1V, y11), styrene butadiene rubber and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose according to a weight ratio of 97.7: 1.0: the ratio of 1.3 was dissolved in deionization to form a negative electrode slurry. Copper foil is used as a negative current collector (the thickness of the copper foil is 8 mu m), and the negative slurry is coated on two sides of the negative current collector (the coating weight is 0.089 kg/m)2) Drying and cold pressing (the compacted density of the negative electrode is 1.6 g/cm)3) And cutting to obtain the cathode.
Preparing an electrolyte: under the environment that the water content is less than 10ppm, lithium hexafluorophosphate and a nonaqueous organic solvent are mixed according to the weight ratio of 10: 90 was formulated to form an electrolyte (lithium salt concentration 1 mol/L). Wherein the nonaqueous organic solvent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: ethylene carbonate: diethyl carbonate: propylene carbonate: propyl propionate: vinylene carbonate ═ 20: 30: 20: 28: 2.
preparing an isolating membrane: selecting single-layer polypropylene (with thickness of 14 μm) as membrane, and air permeability of 76s/100cm3。
Preparing a lithium ion battery: and then the stacked anode, the isolation film and the cathode are wound into an electrode assembly, wherein each circle of the electrode assembly is provided with 1 tab. And then, filling the electrode assembly into an aluminum-plastic film packaging bag, dehydrating at 80 ℃, injecting the electrolyte into the aluminum-plastic film packaging bag, and completing the preparation of the lithium ion battery through the procedures of vacuum packaging, standing, formation, shaping and the like, wherein the impedance R of the obtained lithium ion battery is 2.5m omega.
UIs just＝x1U1 is+x2U2 is positive＝3.804V
UNegative pole＝y1UMinus 1＝0.1V
Ur＝10A*2.5mΩ/1000＝0.025V
U0＝UIs just-UNegative pole-Ur＝3.68V
The voltage platform of the battery pack is 47.84V, the capacity is 20Ah, the number of the lithium ion batteries is 13, the voltage platform corresponding to the lithium ion batteries is 3.68V, and the discharge current is 10A.
Example 2:
preparation of the positive electrode: lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (Ni: Co: Mn: 5:2:3) (U)1 is3.69V), lithium iron phosphate (U)2 is positive3.3V) and lithium manganate (U)Plus 34.02V), conductive carbon black, carbon nano tubes and polyvinylidene fluoride according to the weight ratio of 28.8: 28.8: 38.4: 0.8: 0.6: 2.4 (mass ratio x of corresponding nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary system)10.3, the mass ratio x of the lithium iron phosphate2Is 0.3, the mass ratio of the lithium manganate x30.4) and prepared as in example 1.
Preparation of a negative electrode: mixing artificial graphite (U)Minus 10.1V), Si (U)Minus 20.6V), styrene butadiene rubber and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in a weight ratio of 92.8: 4.9: 1.0: 1.3 (mass ratio y of artificial graphite)10.95, mass ratio of Si20.05) was prepared as in example 1.
Preparation of electrolyte the procedure was as in example 1.
Preparing an isolating membrane: selecting single-layer polyethylene (with thickness of 9 μm) as isolating membrane, coating slurry of aluminum oxide and polyvinylidene fluoride (ratio of 7: 3) on one side, and obtaining the air permeability of the coated isolating membrane of 85s/100cm3。
Preparing a lithium ion battery: and then the stacked anode, the isolation film and the cathode are wound into an electrode assembly, wherein each circle of the electrode assembly is provided with 1 tab. And then, filling the electrode assembly into an aluminum-plastic film packaging bag, dehydrating at 80 ℃, injecting the electrolyte into the aluminum-plastic film packaging bag, and completing the preparation of the lithium ion battery through the procedures of vacuum packaging, standing, formation, shaping and the like, wherein the impedance R of the obtained lithium ion battery is 3.0m omega.
UIs just＝x1U1 is+x2U2 is positive+x3UPlus 3＝3.705V
UNegative pole＝y1UMinus 1+y2UMinus 2＝0.125V
Ur＝10A*3.0mΩ/1000＝0.03V
U0＝UIs just-UNegative pole-Ur＝3.55V
The voltage platform of the battery pack is 60.35V (within the range of 60 +/-0.5V), the capacity is 20Ah, the number of the lithium ion batteries is 17, the voltage platform of the corresponding lithium ion battery requires 3.55V, and the discharge current is 10A.
Example 3:
preparation of the positive electrode: lithium iron phosphate (U)1 is3.3V) and lithium manganate (V)2 is positive4.02V), conductive carbon black, carbon nano tubes and polyvinylidene fluoride according to the weight ratio of 29.1: 67.9: 0.8: 0.8: 1.4 (mass ratio x corresponding to lithium iron phosphate)1Is 0.3, the mass ratio of the lithium manganate x20.7) was dissolved in the N-methylpyrrolidone solution to form a positive electrode slurry. The positive electrode slurry was coated on a positive electrode current collector (0.22 kg/m) using an aluminum foil as the positive electrode current collector (thickness of aluminum foil is 10 μm)2) Drying and cold pressing (the compaction density of the anode is 3.6 g/cm)3) And cutting to obtain the anode.
Preparation of a negative electrode: mixing natural graphite (U)Minus 10.1V), artificial graphite (U)Minus 20.1V), styrene butadiene rubber and sodium carboxymethylcellulose according to the weight ratio of 30: 67.7: 1.0: 1.3 is dissolved in deionized water to form negative electrode slurry (corresponding to the mass ratio y of natural graphite)10.31, the mass ratio of the artificial graphite y20.69). The copper foil is adopted as a negative current collector, and the negative slurry is coated on two sides of the negative current collector (the coating weight is 0.080 kg/m)2) Drying and cold pressing (the compacted density of the negative electrode is 1.62 g/cm)3) And obtaining the cathode after the cutting procedure.
Preparing an electrolyte: under the environment that the water content is less than 10ppm, lithium hexafluorophosphate and a nonaqueous organic solvent are mixed according to the weight ratio of 8: 92 was formulated to form an electrolyte (lithium salt concentration 1 mol/L). Wherein the nonaqueous organic solvent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: ethylene carbonate: diethyl carbonate: propylene carbonate: propyl propionate: vinylene carbonate ═ 20: 30: 20: 28: 2.
preparing an isolating membrane: selecting a polypropylene/polyethylene/polypropylene three-layer composite diaphragm (with the thickness of 16 mu m), coating ceramics on one surface of the diaphragm, and ensuring the air permeability to be 200s/100cm3。
Preparing a lithium ion battery: as in example 1. The impedance R of the obtained lithium ion battery was 4.5m Ω.
UIs just＝x1U1 is+x2U2 is positive＝3.804V
UNegative pole＝y1UMinus 1+y2UMinus 2＝0.1V
Ur＝10A*4.5mΩ/1000＝0.045V
U0＝UIs just-UNegative pole-Ur＝3.659V
The voltage plateau of the battery pack is 47.567V (within the range of 48 +/-0.5V), the capacity is 20Ah, the number of the lithium ion batteries is 13, the plateau voltage of the corresponding lithium ion battery is 3.659V, and the discharge current is 10A.
Example 4:
preparation of the positive electrode: lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (Ni: Co: Mn: 1:1:1) (U)1 is3.6V) and lithium manganate (U)2 is positive3.9V), conductive carbon black, carbon nano tubes and polyvinylidene fluoride according to the weight ratio of 19.2: 76.8: 1: 0.6: 2.4 (corresponding to the mass ratio x of the nickel cobalt lithium manganate1Is 0.2, the mass ratio of the lithium manganate x20.8) was dissolved in the N-methylpyrrolidone solution to form a positive electrode slurry. The preparation procedure is as in example 2.
Preparation of a negative electrode: as in example 1. Wherein, UMinus 1Is 0.1V, y1Is 1.
Preparing an electrolyte: as in example 1.
Preparing an isolating membrane: selecting a polypropylene/polyethylene/polypropylene three-layer composite diaphragm (with the thickness of 16 mu m), coating ceramics on one surface of the diaphragm, and ensuring the air permeability to be 200s/100cm3。
Preparing a lithium ion battery: as in example 1. The impedance R of the obtained lithium ion battery was 3m Ω.
UIs just＝x1U1 is+x2U2 is positive＝3.84V
UNegative pole＝y1UMinus 1＝0.1V
Ur＝10A*3mΩ/1000＝0.03V
U0＝UIs just-UNegative pole-Ur＝＝3.71V
The voltage plateau of the battery pack is 48.23V (within the range of 48 ± 0.5V), the capacity is 20Ah, the number of lithium ion batteries is 13, the plateau voltage corresponding to the lithium ion batteries is 3.71V, and the discharge current is 10A.
Example 5:
preparation of the positive electrode: lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (Ni: Co: Mn: 5:2:3) (U)1 is3.65V) and lithium manganate (U)2 is positive3.95V), conductive carbon black, carbon nano tubes and polyvinylidene fluoride according to the weight ratio of 19.2: 76.8: 1: 0.6: 2.4 (corresponding to the mass ratio x of the nickel cobalt lithium manganate1Is 0.2, the mass ratio of the lithium manganate x20.8) was dissolved in the N-methylpyrrolidone solution to form a positive electrode slurry. The preparation procedure is as in example 1.
Preparation of a negative electrode: mixing artificial graphite (U)Minus 1Is 0.08V, y11), styrene butadiene rubber and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose according to a weight ratio of 97.7: 1.0: the ratio of 1.3 was dissolved in deionization to form a negative electrode slurry. Copper foil is used as a negative current collector (the thickness of the copper foil is 8 mu m), and the negative slurry is coated on two sides of the negative current collector (the coating weight is 0.085 kg/m)2) Drying and cold pressing (the compacted density of the negative electrode is 1.61 g/cm)3) And cutting to obtain the cathode.
Preparing an electrolyte: under the environment that the water content is less than 10ppm, mixing lithium hexafluorophosphate and a nonaqueous organic solvent according to the weight ratio of 12.5: 87.5 was formulated to form an electrolyte (lithium salt concentration 1 mol/L). Wherein the nonaqueous organic solvent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: ethylene carbonate: diethyl carbonate: propylene carbonate: ethyl methyl carbonate 10: 40: 25: 25.
preparing an isolating membrane: as in example 1.
Preparing a lithium ion battery: as in example 1. The impedance R of the obtained lithium ion battery was 5m Ω.
UIs just＝x1U1 is+x2U2 is positive＝3.89V
UNegative pole＝y1UMinus 1＝0.08V
Ur＝10A*5mΩ/1000＝0.05V
U0＝UIs just-UNegative pole-Ur＝3.76V
The voltage plateau of the battery pack is 60.16V (within the range of 60 +/-0.5V), the capacity is 30Ah, the number of the lithium ion batteries is 16, the plateau voltage corresponding to the lithium ion batteries is 3.76V, and the discharge current is 10A.
Comparative example 1
Preparation of the positive electrode: lithium iron phosphate (U)1 is3.3V), conductive carbon black, carbon nanotubes, polyvinylidene fluoride 96 by weight: 0.8: 0.8: 2.4 (mass ratio of lithium iron phosphate, x)11) dissolving the mixture in N-methyl pyrrolidone solution to form anode slurry. An aluminum foil was used as a positive electrode current collector (thickness of aluminum foil is 16 μm), and the positive electrode slurry was coated on both sides of the positive electrode current collector (coating weight 0.25 kg/m)2) Drying and cold pressing (the compaction density of the anode is 3.5 g/cm)3) And cutting to obtain the anode.
Preparation of negative electrode by mixing artificial graphite (U)Minus 1Is 0.1V, y11), styrene butadiene rubber and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose according to a weight ratio of 97.7: 1.0: the ratio of 1.3 was dissolved in deionization to form a negative electrode slurry. Copper foil is used as a negative current collector (the thickness of the copper foil is 8 mu m), and the negative slurry is coated on two sides of the negative current collector (the coating weight is 0.089 kg/m)2) Drying and cold pressing (the compacted density of the negative electrode is 1.6 g/cm)3) And cutting to obtain the cathode.
Preparing an electrolyte: under the environment that the water content is less than 10ppm, lithium hexafluorophosphate and a nonaqueous organic solvent are mixed according to the weight ratio of 10: 90 was formulated to form an electrolyte (lithium salt concentration 1 mol/L). Wherein the nonaqueous organic solvent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: ethylene carbonate: diethyl carbonate: propylene carbonate: propyl propionate: vinylene carbonate ═ 20: 30: 20: 28: 2.
preparing an isolating membrane:selecting single-layer polypropylene (with thickness of 14 μm) as membrane, and air permeability of 76s/100cm3。
Preparing a lithium ion battery: and then the stacked anode, the isolation film and the cathode are wound into an electrode assembly, wherein each circle of the electrode assembly is provided with 1 tab. And then, filling the electrode assembly into an aluminum-plastic film packaging bag, dehydrating at 80 ℃, injecting the electrolyte into the aluminum-plastic film packaging bag, and performing vacuum packaging, standing, formation, shaping and other processes to complete the preparation of the lithium ion battery, wherein the impedance R of the obtained lithium ion battery is 5m omega.
UIs just＝x1U1 is＝3.3V
UNegative pole＝y1UMinus 1＝0.1V
Ur＝10A*5mΩ/1000＝0.05V
U0＝UIs just-UNegative pole-Ur＝3.15V
The voltage plateau of the lithium ion battery is 3.15V, when 16 lithium ion batteries form a battery pack, the output voltage plateau is 50.4V, and when 15 lithium ion batteries form a battery pack, the output voltage plateau is 47.25V. Comparative example 1 and example 1 compare, and comparative example 1 fails to reach a standard output voltage plateau of 48 ± 0.5V.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the above preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A kind ofAn electrochemical device including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an electrolyte, the separator being disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; the positive electrode includes a positive electrode active material layer including n kinds of positive electrode active materials; the anode includes an anode active material layer including m anode active materials; characterized in that the voltage platform U of the electrochemical device0Satisfies the following relation:
U0＝Uis just-UNegative pole-Ur(formula 1);
Uis just＝x1U1 is+x2U2 is positive+.....+xnUN is positive(formula 2);
Unegative pole＝y1UMinus 1+y2UMinus 2+.....+ymUNegative m(formula 3);
Ur＝I0r (formula 4);
3.55V≤U03.76V (formula 5) or less;
wherein, U0Represents the voltage plateau, U, of the electrochemical deviceIs justVoltage plateau, U, representing the positive poleNegative poleVoltage plateau, U, representing the negative polerRepresents the partial pressure, x, of the impedance of the electrochemical devicenRepresents the ratio of the mass of the n-th positive electrode active material to the total mass of all the n positive electrode active materials, UN is positiveVoltage plateau, y, representing the n-th positive electrode active materialmRepresents the ratio of the mass of the m-th negative electrode active material to the total mass of all m negative electrode active materials, UNegative mVoltage plateau of m-th negative electrode active material, I0Represents a discharge current of the electrochemical device, R represents an impedance of the electrochemical device, n is a positive integer and 2 or more, and m is a positive integer and 1 or more.
2. The electrochemical device of claim 1, wherein I is0Has a value of 10A.
3. The electrochemical device of claim 1, wherein R has a value of 1 milliohm to 30 milliohm.
4. The electrochemical device of claim 1, wherein said R comprises a positive impedance, a negative impedance, an electrolyte impedance, and an ohmic internal resistance of said electrochemical device.
5. The electrochemical device according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrode active material contains at least one of lithium iron phosphate and lithium manganate.
6. The electrochemical device according to claim 5, wherein the positive electrode active material further comprises at least one of lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide or lithium nickel cobalt aluminate.
7. The electrochemical device according to claim 1, wherein the negative active material comprises at least one of artificial graphite, natural graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, mesocarbon microbeads, silicon, a silicon alloy, a silicon-carbon composite, a silicon oxy compound, lithium titanate, or niobium titanate.
8. The electrochemical device according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte comprises a solvent and a lithium salt, and the solvent comprises at least one of dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, ethyl butyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, γ -butyrolactone, vinylene carbonate, or propylene sulfite.
9. The electrochemical device of claim 8, wherein said lithium salt comprises at least one of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium perchlorate, or lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate.
10. A battery comprising an electrochemical device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the battery satisfies the following relationship:
Ugeneral assembly＝U0I (formula 6);
wherein, UGeneral assemblyThe external output voltage platform of the battery pack is represented, the unit is V, and i represents the number of the electrochemical devices; and
Ugeneral assemblyIs selected from one of 36, 48, 60, 72, 84 or 96, and the U isGeneral assemblyWith a deviation of ± 0.5.
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