CN112332911B - Microwave phase discrimination device and phase locking device based on microwave photon technology - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a microwave phase discrimination device based on microwave photon technology, comprising: the light source is used for providing a light pulse sequence with the pulse width of femtosecond magnitude; the phase discrimination module is a Sagnac ring structure connected with DP-DMZM in series in a loop and used for modulating two paths of microwave signals with frequency being integral multiple of the repetition frequency of the optical pulse sequence on two orthogonal polarization states of the optical pulse sequence in a phase manner and enabling modulated optical signals which are transmitted in the forward direction and the reverse direction to form interference at an output port of the Sagnac ring structure; the polarization separation module is used for separating two orthogonal polarization states in the two paths of optical signals output by the Sagnac ring structure; and the balance detection module is used for respectively carrying out balance detection on the two separated horizontal and two separated vertical polarized optical signals to respectively obtain the phases of the two microwave signals. The invention also discloses a microwave phase locking device based on the microwave photon technology. The invention can independently and accurately detect the phases of two paths of microwave signals at the same time, and has simple structure and low realization cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a microwave phase discrimination device, in particular to a microwave phase discrimination device based on a microwave photon technology.
Background
The phase discriminator has important application in systems such as signal synchronization, low-phase noise microwave extraction, distance measurement, phase noise measurement and the like, and the performance of the systems is determined by the phase discrimination precision. The traditional microwave phase discrimination adopts an electric mixing mode, and a reference source is a single-frequency signal and can only discriminate a certain frequency. Meanwhile, the noise of the frequency mixer is large, and the phase discrimination precision is greatly influenced. The phase noise of the microwave generated by the microwave source is not particularly low, so the phase discrimination effect is not good. In conclusion, the traditional phase discrimination microwave has the disadvantages of poor tunable performance, low phase discrimination precision and low accuracy. In order to solve the above-mentioned problem of traditional microwave phase discrimination, microwave photon technology has been introduced. Owing to the large amount of spectral components of the optical pulse and the highly coherent phases among the components, the pulse width and the time jitter of the optical pulse can reach the femtosecond magnitude, so that the phase discrimination precision is improved unprecedentedly. A great deal of research is carried out on some topic groups at home and abroad by utilizing femtosecond pulse to carry out phase discrimination. In 2006, Kim Jungwon first developed a study of a high precision microwave photon phase detector (Kim J,
F X,Ludwig F.Balanced optical-microwave phase detectors for optoelectronic phase-locked loops[J]optics letters,2006,31(24):3659- > 3661), and many of the following structures are also modified on the basis of this phase detector structure. The structure is a Sagnac loop structure that includes a unidirectional phase modulator to convert phase modulation to intensity modulation at the output. The structure is complex and the operation is complex. As an improvement, researchers have subsequently proposed a method of equilibrium probing (Jung K, Kim J. sub ] systematic of microwave oscillators with mode-locked Er-fiber lasers [ J]Optics letters,2012,37(14): 2958-. When most phase detectors are based on Sagnac ring structure, a straight line built by using polarization modulatorLinear microwave photon phase discrimination technique is proposed (Wei J, Zhang S, Kim J, et al. compact phase detector for optical-microwave synchronization modulation [ J]Journal of Lightwave Technology,2018,36(19): 4267-. However, the polarization modulator is expensive and when using light pulses as a reference source, the extremely high peak power makes the polarization modulator very vulnerable to irreversible damage.
At present, the existing phase discriminator uses a modulator to discriminate a microwave, when a plurality of microwave signals need to be discriminated, a plurality of phase discriminators need to be built, how to realize that a modulator is used to independently discriminate a plurality of microwave signals, and microwave frequency can be different, and no relevant research is available.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a microwave phase discrimination device based on a microwave photon technology, which can independently and accurately detect the phases of two paths of microwave signals at the same time, and has the advantages of simple structure and low implementation cost.
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme to solve the technical problems:
a microwave phase discrimination device based on microwave photon technology comprises:
the light source is used for providing a light pulse sequence with the pulse width of femtosecond magnitude;
the phase discrimination module is a Sagnac ring structure in which a dual-polarization dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator (DP-DMZM) is connected in series in a loop, and is used for modulating two paths of microwave signals with the frequency being integral multiple of the repetition frequency of the optical pulse sequence on two orthogonal polarization states of the optical pulse sequence in a phase manner, and enabling modulated optical signals which are transmitted in the forward direction and the reverse direction to form interference at an output port of the Sagnac ring structure, so that the phase modulation is converted into intensity modulation, and phase information is converted into intensity information;
the polarization separation module is used for separating two orthogonal polarization states in the two paths of optical signals output by the Sagnac ring structure;
and the balance detection module comprises two slow balance photoelectric detectors and is used for respectively carrying out balance detection on the two paths of horizontal polarized optical signals and the two paths of vertical polarized optical signals separated by the polarization separation module to respectively obtain the phases of the microwave signals modulated to the horizontal polarization state and the vertical polarization state.
As one preferable scheme, the phase detection module is a Sagnac ring structure formed by a 2 × 2 optical coupler, a first polarization controller, a dual-polarization dual-drive mach-zehnder modulator, a second polarization controller and a pi/2 phase shift crystal which are sequentially connected end to end through an optical fiber, and an optical circulator is connected to the outer side of one output end of the Sagnac ring structure.
As another preferable scheme, the phase detection module is a Sagnac loop structure formed by a 3 × 3 optical coupler, a first polarization controller, a dual-polarization dual-drive mach-zehnder modulator, and a second polarization controller, which are sequentially connected end to end through an optical fiber.
Preferably, the light source is a mode-locked laser.
Based on the technical scheme, the following technical scheme can be obtained:
a microwave phase locking device based on a microwave photon technology comprises the microwave phase discrimination device based on the microwave photon technology and a feedback control system for respectively carrying out feedback control on two paths of microwave signals according to a phase discrimination result.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention breaks through the bandwidth limitation of the traditional electric domain phase discrimination, and improves the phase discrimination precision by utilizing the ultra-narrow pulse width characteristic of the optical pulse;
the invention utilizes the characteristic of more spectral components of the optical pulse, can realize the phase discrimination of multiple microwave frequencies, and has good tunability compared with the traditional electric domain phase discrimination;
the invention utilizes the orthogonal polarization state of light, compared with other microwave photon phase discrimination technologies, the invention can simultaneously detect two microwave signals with different frequencies, and the two phase discrimination processes are mutually independent and can be switched into single microwave phase discrimination;
and fourthly, when the microwave phase detector is used for phase detection, the paths of the light pulses are equal in length, so that the microwave phase detector is convenient to apply to some measuring systems.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a basic structure of a microwave phase discrimination device according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a specific structure of a phase discrimination module;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of another specific structure of the phase detection module;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an output of a phase discrimination module with optical pulses modulated in orthogonal polarization states;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of DP-DMZM;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a microwave phase-locking device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a graph of the phase discrimination independence experimental verification results.
Detailed Description
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the solution idea of the invention is to improve the existing microwave phase discrimination device based on the microwave photon technology by utilizing the idea of polarization multiplexing, and to discriminate one microwave signal by using the orthogonal polarization states of light respectively, thereby realizing independent and accurate detection of the phases of two paths of microwave signals simultaneously, simplifying the system structure and reducing the realization cost.
Specifically, the invention provides a microwave phase discrimination device based on microwave photon technology, which comprises:
the light source is used for providing a light pulse sequence with the pulse width of femtosecond magnitude;
the phase discrimination module is a Sagnac ring structure in which a dual-polarization dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator is connected in series in a loop, and is used for modulating two paths of microwave signals with the frequency being integral multiple of the repetition frequency of the optical pulse sequence on two orthogonal polarization states of the optical pulse sequence in a phase manner, and enabling modulated optical signals which are transmitted in the forward direction and the reverse direction to form interference at an output port of the Sagnac ring structure, so that the phase modulation is converted into intensity modulation, and phase information is converted into intensity information; the polarization separation module is used for separating two orthogonal polarization states in the two paths of optical signals output by the Sagnac ring structure;
and the balance detection module comprises two slow balance photoelectric detectors and is used for respectively carrying out balance detection on the two paths of horizontal polarized optical signals and the two paths of vertical polarized optical signals separated by the polarization separation module to respectively obtain the phases of the microwave signals modulated to the horizontal polarization state and the vertical polarization state.
For the public to understand, the technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail in the following with the attached drawings:
the microwave phase discrimination device has the basic structure as shown in figure 1, and comprises a light source, a phase discrimination module, a polarization separation module and a balance detection module; the light source preferably adopts a mode-locked laser and is used for providing an optical pulse sequence with the pulse width of femtosecond magnitude; the phase discrimination module is a Sagnac ring structure connected with a dual-polarization dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator in series in a loop, and is used for modulating two paths of microwave signals with the frequency being integral multiple of the repetition frequency of the optical pulse sequence on two orthogonal polarization states of the optical pulse sequence in a phase manner, and enabling modulated optical signals which are transmitted in the forward direction and the reverse direction to form interference at an output port of the Sagnac ring structure, so that the phase modulation is converted into intensity modulation, and phase information is converted into intensity information; the polarization separation module consists of two polarization beam splitters which are respectively connected with polarization controllers in series and is used for separating two orthogonal polarization states in two paths of optical signals output by the Sagnac ring structure; the balance detection module comprises two slow balance photoelectric detectors and is used for respectively carrying out balance detection on the two paths of horizontal polarized optical signals and the two paths of vertical polarized optical signals separated by the polarization separation module to respectively obtain phases of microwave signals modulated to the horizontal polarization state and the vertical polarization state.
Fig. 2 shows a specific embodiment of a phase detection module, as shown in fig. 2, the phase detection module is a Sagnac ring structure formed by a 2 × 2 optical coupler, a first polarization controller, a dual-polarization dual-drive mach-zehnder modulator, a second polarization controller, and a pi/2 phase shift crystal, which are sequentially connected end to end via an optical fiber, and an optical circulator needs to be connected to one of the external ports of the 2 × 2 optical coupler. Although the function of the phase discrimination module can be realized by the structure, the structure is more complex, and the stability of the crystal is obviously influenced by the external environment.
Fig. 3 shows another specific embodiment of the phase detection module, which is a Sagnac loop structure formed by a 3 × 3 optical coupler, a first polarization controller, a dual-polarization dual-drive mach-zehnder modulator, and a second polarization controller, which are sequentially connected end to end via an optical fiber, as shown in fig. 3. Compared with the structure shown in fig. 2, the structure has the advantages of simple structure and low implementation cost.
As shown in fig. 3, the optical pulse generated by the mode-locked laser is input into the phase demodulation module, and after passing through the 3 × 3 coupler, the optical pulse is divided into two paths, and the phase difference between the two paths of signals is 2 pi/3; after passing through the dual-polarization dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator, two beams of light which are transmitted in opposite directions are modulated in phase, but the modulation depths are different; adjusting the first polarization controller and the second polarization controller so that the optical pulses interfere with each other in the corresponding polarization state when passing through the 3 × 3 coupler, and the phase modulation is converted into intensity modulation, wherein the intensity modulated signal is shown in fig. 4 at one output end of the 3 × 3 coupler; the two output ends of the 3 multiplied by 3 coupler are separated by a polarization beam splitter in the orthogonal polarization state, the light in the same vertical polarization state is input into one balanced photoelectric detector, the light in the same horizontal polarization state is input into the other balanced photoelectric detector, and the output of the two balanced photoelectric detectors is the phase information of two microwave signals respectively.
Because two polarization states in which the light pulses are orthogonal to each other are utilized, microwave signals with different frequencies can be modulated on the two polarization states to respectively perform phase discrimination; when the frequency of one microwave signal is changed, the phase discrimination of the other signal is not influenced. The invention can also only phase-discriminate one microwave signal, when only one microwave signal needs to be phase-discriminated, only the modulation on a certain polarization state needs to be stopped; or the microwave signal to be measured is input into four radio frequency driving ports of the dual-polarization dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator through a 1 multiplied by 4 power divider and modulated onto two polarization states of the optical pulse.
For the public understanding, the following further details the basic principles of the present invention:
since the pulse width of the optical pulse is extremely narrow, the output of the mode-locked laser can be written as:
wherein A is the pulse amplitude, frepδ is the impulse function, which is the repetition frequency of the pulse. After the pulse enters the Sagnac loop, both polarization controllers are adjusted. Two dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulators are arranged in the dual-polarization dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator, a 90-degree polarization rotator is arranged in the downstream circuit, when two same signals drive one dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator, the dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator is equivalent to one phase modulator, so when two microwaves pass through the power divider to respectively drive the two dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulators, the upper arm and the lower arm of the dual-polarization dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator can be equivalent to the two phase modulators, and light passing through the upper arm and the lower arm has mutually orthogonal polarization states, as shown in FIG. 5. After the forward and backward transmitted optical pulses pass through the modulator, they can be expressed as:
wherein E isi+(i ═ x, y) modulated optical pulses of i polarization state, E, representing forward transmissioni—(i ═ x, y) represents the inverse of the transmitted modulated optical pulses of i polarization, ai(i ═ x, y) and Bi(i ═ x, y) denotes the amplitude of the pulse in the i polarization state, ω, transmitted in the forward and reverse directions, respectively1And ω2The angular frequency of the microwave signal is 2 pi frepInteger multiple of (b), beta1And beta2Indicating the modulation depth in the forward and reverse directions. At the output of the 3 x 3 coupler, the forward and backward transmitted light interfere, and the phase modulation is converted into intensity modulation due to the imbalance of modulation depthTaking the x polarization state as an example, the optical fields at the two output ports are respectively:
by adjusting the polarization controller, the x-polarization light is input into a balanced photodetector, and since the detector is slow, the average power is detected, and the output can be expressed as:
from the above formula, the frequency is ω1The phase of the microwave signal is extracted. Similarly, the frequency ω can be extracted in the y polarization state2The phase of the microwave signal. It can also be seen from the above equation that the modulation depth has an effect on the sensitivity of the detection when β1And beta2With small differences the phase discrimination effect is greatly reduced, but in the modulator, beta2Is significantly less than beta1Therefore, the phase detection can be effectively carried out. Because orthogonal polarization states of light are utilized, when the frequency of one microwave signal is changed, the other microwave signal is not affected.
The phase detection device provided by the invention can also be used for obtaining a phase locking device capable of simultaneously performing phase locking on two paths of microwave signals, and only a feedback control system for respectively performing feedback control on the two paths of microwave signals according to a phase detection result is added on the basis of the phase detection device. One embodiment of the phase locking apparatus of the present invention is shown in fig. 6, which is based on the phase detection structure shown in fig. 3, and the obtained phase information is input into a feedback control system, and the generated control signal is used to control the microwave source, so as to achieve the locking between the microwave source and the optical pulse. Due to the ultra-low jitter characteristic of the optical pulses, the phase noise of the microwave signal can be reduced. The phase discrimination device has high phase discrimination precision, so that high phase coherence between two microwave sources can be realized.
The independence of the phase discrimination device in microwave phase discrimination is verified through an experiment. Due to the limitation of experimental conditions, a voltage-controlled microwave source is adopted as a phase-discriminated source, a commercial microwave source is adopted as an interference signal, and the phase-discriminated module modulates the interference signal to two different polarization states of the optical pulse respectively.
Claims (3)
1. A microwave phase discrimination device based on microwave photon technology is characterized by comprising:
the light source is used for providing a light pulse sequence with the pulse width of femtosecond magnitude;
the phase discrimination module is a Sagnac ring structure in which a dual-polarization dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator is connected in series in a loop, and is used for modulating two paths of microwave signals with the frequency being integral multiple of the repetition frequency of the optical pulse sequence on two orthogonal polarization states of the optical pulse sequence in a phase manner, and enabling modulated optical signals which are transmitted in the forward direction and the reverse direction to form interference at an output port of the Sagnac ring structure, so that the phase modulation is converted into intensity modulation, and phase information is converted into intensity information; the phase discrimination module is a Sagnac ring structure consisting of a 3 multiplied by 3 optical coupler, a first polarization controller, a dual-polarization dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator and a second polarization controller which are sequentially connected end to end through optical fibers;
the polarization separation module is used for separating two orthogonal polarization states in the two paths of optical signals output by the Sagnac ring structure;
and the balance detection module comprises two slow balance photoelectric detectors and is used for respectively carrying out balance detection on the two paths of horizontal polarized optical signals and the two paths of vertical polarized optical signals separated by the polarization separation module to respectively obtain the phases of the microwave signals modulated to the horizontal polarization state and the vertical polarization state.
2. The microwave-based photonic technology phase discrimination apparatus of claim 1, wherein the light source is a mode-locked laser.
3. A microwave phase locking device based on microwave photon technology, characterized in that it comprises the microwave phase discrimination device based on microwave photon technology according to claim 1 or 2 and a feedback control system for respectively performing feedback control on the two paths of microwave signals according to the phase discrimination result.
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