CN112327226A - Microwave noise elimination method based on diamond NV color center magnetic field measurement - Google Patents
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- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000001208 nuclear magnetic resonance pulse sequence Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
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- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/10—Plotting field distribution ; Measuring field distribution
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/0023—Electronic aspects, e.g. circuits for stimulation, evaluation, control; Treating the measured signals; calibration
- G01R33/0029—Treating the measured signals, e.g. removing offset or noise
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/0023—Electronic aspects, e.g. circuits for stimulation, evaluation, control; Treating the measured signals; calibration
- G01R33/0041—Electronic aspects, e.g. circuits for stimulation, evaluation, control; Treating the measured signals; calibration using feed-back or modulation techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/032—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using magneto-optic devices, e.g. Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect
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Abstract
The application provides a microwave noise elimination method based on diamond NV color center magnetic field measurement, which comprises the steps of setting a measurement pulse sequence and a reference pulse sequence; the interval between the measurement pulse sequence and the reference pulse sequence is less than or equal to the length of the measurement pulse sequence; setting a first-state preparation laser pulse, a first-state reading laser pulse and three first microwave pulses in a measurement pulse sequence; setting a second-state preparation laser pulse, a second-state reading laser pulse and three second microwave pulses in the reference pulse sequence; setting the time sequence of the three first microwave pulses to be (pi/2)x‑(π)x‑(π/2)y(ii) a Setting the time sequence of the three second microwave pulses to be (pi/2)x‑(π)x‑(‑π/2)y. The beneficial effect of this application is: by reference to pulse sequencesThe microwave noise with the frequency range smaller than the measurement bandwidth can be eliminated, and the measurement precision of the magnetometer is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of space magnetic field measurement, in particular to a microwave noise elimination method based on diamond NV color center magnetic field measurement.
Background
In recent years, a new magnetometer based on the measurement technology of the electron spin state optical principle of nitrogen vacancy in diamond is being developed internationally and is rapidly developed. During the formation of diamond under high temperature and high pressure, nitrogen atoms are pressed into the cavities of diamond lattice, and the density of nitrogen atoms can reach 1017cm-3. The magnetic field measurement is realized by utilizing the quantum effect, namely the Zeeman effect, of the spin state of electrons in atoms under an external magnetic field and detecting the transition energy between different sub-energy levels based on the linear relation between the energy level difference and the magnetic field intensity. By utilizing the characteristic that coherent manipulation among NV color center ground state energy levels of the diamond can be in microsecond order, the response bandwidth can reach 100kHz order, so that broadband continuous measurement of a magnetic field can be realized, the overall functions of three sets of scientific loads of a fluxgate magnetometer, an optical pump magnetometer and an induction magnetometer required in space magnetic field detection can be realized, the problems that the system composition is complex in the existing scheme measurement mode and the boundary strength is inconsistent in frequency measurement are solved, and the method is used for magnetic field detection in space science and earth science.
How to eliminate partial microwave and laser noise and reduce the reduction of the magnetic field measurement index caused by the partial microwave and laser noise is one of the most important means for improving the NV color center index. The microwave pulse sequence is a core step of NV color center magnetic field measurement, and both a microwave signal generator and a microwave switch can cause the microwave pulse sequence to have power jitter noise, so that the jitter of an interference phase is caused, and finally the jitter of a magnetic field signal is caused, so that the measurement precision of a magnetometer is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to solve the problems and provides a microwave noise elimination method in diamond NV color center magnetic field measurement.
In a first aspect, the application provides a method for eliminating microwave noise in diamond NV color center magnetic field measurement, wherein a measurement pulse sequence and a reference pulse sequence are set; the interval between the measurement pulse sequence and the reference pulse sequence is less than or equal to the length of the measurement pulse sequence;
setting a first-state preparation laser pulse, a first-state reading laser pulse and three first microwave pulses between the first-state preparation laser pulse and the first-state reading laser pulse in the measurement pulse sequence;
setting a second-state preparation laser pulse, a second-state reading laser pulse and three second microwave pulses between the second-state preparation laser pulse and the second-state reading laser pulse in the reference pulse sequence;
setting the time sequence of the three first microwave pulses to be (pi/2)x-(π)x-(π/2)y(ii) a Setting the time sequence of the three second microwave pulses to be (pi/2)x-(π)x-(-π/2)y。
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the first-state preparation laser pulse, the first-state reading laser pulse, the second-state preparation laser pulse and the second-state reading laser pulse are completely the same.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, 532nm continuous laser is utilized to generate diffraction through an acousto-optic modulator, and a digital signal generator signal is utilized to control the acousto-optic modulator to drive, so that the first state preparation laser pulse, the first state reading laser pulse, the second state preparation laser pulse and the second state reading laser pulse are respectively generated.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the microwave switch is controlled by the digital signal generator to respectively generate the first microwave pulse and the second microwave pulse.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the process of generating the first-state preparation laser pulse and the second-state preparation laser pulse comprises the following steps: exciting diamond color center by using 532nm green laser pulse irradiation to generate ground state3A2To an excited state3E, the excited state can radiate spontaneously back to the ground state or can pass through intermediate states1A1And1e radiationless transition back to the ground state ms＝0。
According to the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application, the process of generating the first state reading laser pulse and the second state reading laser pulse includes: exciting diamond color center by using 532nm green laser pulse irradiation to generate ground state3A2To an excited state3And E, the excited state can spontaneously radiate to return to the ground state by the transition of E, fluorescence can be emitted in the spontaneous radiation process, the phase can be obtained by collecting the fluorescence, and the size of the detected magnetic field can be obtained by calculation.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the passing (pi) in the pulse sequence is measuredx-(π/2)yAfter the pulse, the phase of the obtained signal is delta phi-phi, wherein the delta phi is a state operation error caused by microwave amplitude jitter, and the phi is a phase caused by a measuring magnetic field; measuring the passage through (pi) in a pulse sequencex-(-π/2)yAfter the pulse, the obtained phase is delta phi + phi;
setting the reading error of the magnetic field caused by the amplitude jitter of the microwave as delta B, the actual magnetic field as B, and the magnetic field value under the measurement pulse sequence as BsigΔ B + B, the value of the magnetic field in the reference pulse sequence being BrefΔ B-B, corrected signal Bmod＝(Bsig-Bref) B, the effect of the magnetic field reading error Δ B is eliminated.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the calculation process of phi and B comprises the following steps:
before measurement, a single first microwave pulse is used for scanning the pulse width from 0 to pi/2, and the fluorescence signals V at the time of 0 and pi/2 are respectively recorded0And Vπ/2As a reference;
the normal measurement procedure is performed, and the resulting fluorescence signal is VsigThe phase caused by the measured magnetic field is
The magnetic field is B ═ phi/(g mu)BTseq) Wherein T isseqIs (pi/2)xAnd (pi/2)yTime interval between, g μBIs a constant.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the application provides a microwave noise elimination method based on diamond NV color center magnetic field measurement, and during the action of microwave pulses, defective pi/2 pulses and pi pulses can be generated by the jitter of microwave amplitude, so that the jitter of interference phases is caused, and the measurement precision of a magnetometer is influenced by the extra noise. In order to reduce the influence of microwave noise, a reference signal is set. Generally, microwave noise is low-frequency noise, and the frequency distribution is far smaller than the repetition frequency of the magnetometer. Thus, by arranging the reference signal in the vicinity of the measured magnetic field signal, the microwave noise can be regarded as substantially constant, and only one bias signal can be seen in a short time, even when pi/2 pulses and pi pulses having defects are caused by the microwave noise at that time, it can be understood that a constant bias is added to the magnetic field signal, and both have the same bias for the reference signal and the magnetic field signal. The reference signal and the measurement signal are subtracted to obtain a noise-reduced signal.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the following detailed description of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and the description of the present section is only exemplary and explanatory, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention in any way.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the present application, in which a measurement pulse sequence and a reference pulse sequence are set; the interval between the measurement pulse sequence and the reference pulse sequence is less than or equal to the length of the measurement pulse sequence;
setting a first-state preparation laser pulse, a first-state reading laser pulse and three first microwave pulses between the first-state preparation laser pulse and the first-state reading laser pulse in the measurement pulse sequence;
setting a second-state preparation laser pulse, a second-state reading laser pulse and three second microwave pulses between the second-state preparation laser pulse and the second-state reading laser pulse in the reference pulse sequence;
setting the time sequence of the three first microwave pulses to be (pi/2)x-(π)x-(π/2)y(ii) a Setting the time sequence of the three second microwave pulses to be (pi/2)x-(π)x-(-π/2)y。
In this embodiment, the first-state preparation laser pulse, the first-state reading laser pulse, the second-state preparation laser pulse, and the second-state reading laser pulse are completely the same.
In this embodiment, 532nm continuous laser is used to generate diffraction through the acousto-optic modulator, and the driving of the acousto-optic modulator is controlled by a digital signal generator signal to generate the first-state preparation laser pulse, the first-state reading laser pulse, the second-state preparation laser pulse and the second-state reading laser pulse respectively.
The process of generating the first state preparation laser pulse and the second state preparation laser pulse comprises: exciting diamond color center by using 532nm green laser pulse irradiation to generate ground state3A2To an excited state3E, the excited state can radiate spontaneously back to the ground state or can pass through intermediate states1A1And1e radiationless transition back to the ground state ms＝0。
The process of generating the first state read laser pulse and the second state read laser pulse comprises: exciting diamond color center by using 532nm green laser pulse irradiation to generate ground state3A2To an excited state3And E, the excited state can spontaneously radiate to return to the ground state by the transition of E, fluorescence can be emitted in the spontaneous radiation process, the phase can be obtained by collecting the fluorescence, and the size of the detected magnetic field can be obtained by calculation.
In this embodiment, the digital signal generator controls the microwave switch to generate the first microwave pulse and the second microwave pulse respectively.
In this example, the pass through (π) in the pulse train is measuredx-(π/2)yAfter the pulse, the phase of the obtained signal is delta phi-phi, wherein the delta phi is a state operation error caused by microwave amplitude jitter, and the phi is a phase caused by a measuring magnetic field; measuring the passage through (pi) in a pulse sequencex-(-π/2)yAfter the pulse, the obtained phase is delta phi + phi;
let the reading error of the magnetic field caused by the microwave amplitude jitter be Δ B, the actual magnetic field be B, in this embodiment, since the distance between the measurement signal and the reference signal does not exceed the length of the measurement signal itself, the Δ B caused by the microwave amplitude jitter of the measurement signal and the reference signal can be regarded as the same, and the value of the magnetic field under the measurement pulse sequence is BsigΔ B + B, the value of the magnetic field in the reference pulse sequence being BrefΔ B-B, corrected signal Bmod＝(Bsig-Bref) B, the effect of the magnetic field reading error Δ B is eliminated.
In this embodiment, the calculation process of Φ and B includes:
before measurement, a single first microwave pulse is used for scanning the pulse width from 0 to pi/2, and the fluorescence signals V at the time of 0 and pi/2 are respectively recorded0And Vπ/2As a reference;
the normal measurement procedure is performed, and the resulting fluorescence signal is VsigThe phase caused by the measured magnetic field is
The magnetic field is B ═ phi/(g mu BT)seq) Wherein T isseqIs (pi/2)xAnd (pi/2)yTime interval between, g μBIs a constant.
In this embodiment, the laser pulses in the measurement pulse sequence and the sequence in the reference pulse are completely the same, but the microwave pulses are different, the microwave pulses are generated by controlling a microwave switch through a digital signal generator, and the time sequence of three microwave pulses in the measurement pulse sequence is (pi/2)x-(π)x-(π/2)yThe time sequence of three microwave pulses in the reference pulse sequence is (pi/2)x-(π)x-(-π/2)y. After the microwave intensity is fixed, pulse duration required by pi and pi/2 pulses is determined by measuring the ratiometric oscillation; by controlling the microwave signal generator, the phase of the microwave signal can be controlled, and pi/2 and-pi/2 pulses can be obtained respectively. The measuring magnetic field B is obtained by the measuring pulse sequence and the reference pulse sequence respectivelysigAnd a reference magnetic field BrefCorrected signal Bmod＝(Bsig-Bref)/2。
The principles and embodiments of the present application are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the method and its core concepts of the present application. The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and it should be noted that there are objectively infinite specific structures due to the limited character expressions, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that a plurality of modifications, decorations or changes may be made without departing from the principle of the present application, and the technical features described above may be combined in a suitable manner; such modifications, variations, combinations, or adaptations of the invention using its spirit and scope, as defined by the claims, may be directed to other uses and embodiments, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A microwave noise elimination method based on diamond NV color center magnetic field measurement is characterized in that a measurement pulse sequence and a reference pulse sequence are set; the interval between the measurement pulse sequence and the reference pulse sequence is less than or equal to the length of the measurement pulse sequence;
setting a first-state preparation laser pulse, a first-state reading laser pulse and three first microwave pulses between the first-state preparation laser pulse and the first-state reading laser pulse in the measurement pulse sequence;
setting a second-state preparation laser pulse, a second-state reading laser pulse and three second microwave pulses between the second-state preparation laser pulse and the second-state reading laser pulse in the reference pulse sequence;
setting the time sequence of the three first microwave pulses to be (pi/2)x-(π)x-(π/2)y(ii) a Setting the time sequence of the three second microwave pulses to be (pi/2)x-(π)x-(-π/2)y。
2. The method for eliminating microwave noise in NV color center magnetic field measurement of diamond according to claim 1, wherein the first state preparation laser pulse, the first state reading laser pulse, the second state preparation laser pulse and the second state reading laser pulse are identical.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein 532nm continuous laser is used to generate diffraction through an acousto-optic modulator, and a digital signal generator signal is used to control the acousto-optic modulator to drive, so as to generate the first state preparation laser pulse, the first state reading laser pulse, the second state preparation laser pulse and the second state reading laser pulse respectively.
4. The method for eliminating microwave noise in NV color center magnetic field measurement of diamond according to claim 3, wherein the first microwave pulse and the second microwave pulse are generated by controlling a microwave switch through a digital signal generator.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the generating the first state preparation laser pulse and the second state preparation laser pulse comprises: exciting diamond color center by using 532nm green laser pulse irradiation to generate ground state3A2To an excited state3E, the excited state can radiate spontaneously back to the ground state or can pass through intermediate states1A1And1e radiationless transition back to the ground state ms＝0。
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the generating the first state reading laser pulse and the second state reading laser pulse comprises: exciting diamond color center by using 532nm green laser pulse irradiation to generate ground state3A2To an excited state3And E, the excited state can spontaneously radiate to return to the ground state by the transition of E, fluorescence can be emitted in the spontaneous radiation process, the phase can be obtained by collecting the fluorescence, and the size of the detected magnetic field can be obtained by calculation.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the pulse sequence is measured through (pi)x-(π/2)yAfter the pulse, the phase of the obtained signal is delta phi-phi, wherein the delta phi is a state operation error caused by microwave amplitude jitter, and the phi is a phase caused by a measuring magnetic field; measuring the passage through (pi) in a pulse sequencex-(-π/2)yAfter the pulse, the obtained phase is delta phi + phi;
setting the reading error of the magnetic field caused by the amplitude jitter of the microwave as delta B, the actual magnetic field as B, and the magnetic field value under the measurement pulse sequence as BsigΔ B + B, the value of the magnetic field in the reference pulse sequence being BrefΔ B-B, corrected signal Bmod＝(Bsig-Bref) B, the effect of the magnetic field reading error Δ B is eliminated.
8. The method for eliminating microwave noise in the NV color center magnetic field measurement of the diamond according to claim 7, wherein the calculation process of phi and B comprises the following steps:
before measurement, a single first microwave pulse is used for scanning the pulse width from 0 to pi/2, and the fluorescence signals V at the time of 0 and pi/2 are respectively recorded0And Vπ/2As a reference;
the normal measurement procedure is performed, and the resulting fluorescence signal is VsigThe phase caused by the measured magnetic field is
The magnetic field is B ═ phi/(g mu)BTseq) Wherein T isseqIs (pi/2)xAnd (pi/2)yTime interval between, g μBIs a constant.
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| CN113064106A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-07-02 | 北京卫星环境工程研究所 | Microwave antenna applied to NV color center ensemble magnetometer fluorescence collection device |
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