CN112327226B - Microwave noise elimination method based on diamond NV color center magnetic field measurement - Google Patents
Microwave noise elimination method based on diamond NV color center magnetic field measurement Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 title description 4
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 238000001208 nuclear magnetic resonance pulse sequence Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 101000872084 Danio rerio Delta-like protein B Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/10—Plotting field distribution ; Measuring field distribution
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/0023—Electronic aspects, e.g. circuits for stimulation, evaluation, control; Treating the measured signals; calibration
- G01R33/0029—Treating the measured signals, e.g. removing offset or noise
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/0023—Electronic aspects, e.g. circuits for stimulation, evaluation, control; Treating the measured signals; calibration
- G01R33/0041—Electronic aspects, e.g. circuits for stimulation, evaluation, control; Treating the measured signals; calibration using feed-back or modulation techniques
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/032—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using magneto-optic devices, e.g. Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect
Abstract
The application provides a method for eliminating microwave noise in diamond NV color center magnetic field measurement, which comprises the steps of setting a measurement pulse sequence and a reference pulse sequence; the interval set by the measuring pulse sequence and the reference pulse sequence is smaller than or equal to the length of the measuring pulse sequence; setting a first state preparation laser pulse, a first state reading laser pulse and three first microwave pulses in a measurement pulse sequence; setting a second state preparation laser pulse, a second state reading laser pulse and three second microwave pulses in the reference pulse sequence; the timing of the three first microwave pulses is set to (pi/2) respectively x ‑(π) x ‑(π/2) y The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The timing of the three second microwave pulses is set to (pi/2) respectively x ‑(π) x ‑(‑π/2) y . The beneficial effects of this application are: microwave noise with the frequency range smaller than the measurement bandwidth can be eliminated through the reference pulse sequence, and the measurement accuracy of the magnetometer is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of space magnetic field measurement, in particular to a microwave noise elimination method based on diamond NV color center magnetic field measurement.
Background
In recent years, a novel magnetometer based on the measuring technology of the electron spin state optical principle of nitrogen vacancies in diamond is being developed internationally, and has been developed rapidly. The nitrogen atoms are pressed to the diamond crystal in the high-temperature and high-pressure forming process of the diamondThe number density of nitrogen atoms in the lattice holes can reach 10 17 cm -3 . The quantum effect, namely the Zeeman effect, of electron spin states in atoms under an externally applied magnetic field is utilized, and magnetic field measurement is realized by detecting transition energy between different energy levels based on the linear relation between the energy level difference and the magnetic field intensity. By utilizing the characteristic that the coherent manipulation between the NV color center state energy levels of the diamond can be in microsecond level, the response bandwidth can reach 100kHz level, so that the broadband continuous measurement of a magnetic field can be realized, the integral functions of three sets of scientific loads, namely a fluxgate magnetometer, an optical pump magnetometer and an induction magnetometer, required during the detection of a space magnetic field can be realized, the problems that the system composition is complex, and the inconsistency exists in the intensity of the frequency measurement boundary in the existing scheme measurement mode are solved, and the magnetic field detection of space science and earth science is served.
How to eliminate part of microwave and laser noise and reduce the magnetic field measurement index reduction caused by the noise is one of the most important means for improving the NV color center index. The microwave pulse sequence is a core step of NV color center magnetic field measurement, and both the microwave signal generator and the microwave switch can lead to power jitter noise of the microwave pulse sequence, lead to jitter of an interference phase, finally lead to jitter of a magnetic field signal and influence the measurement precision of the magnetometer.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the application is to provide a method for eliminating microwave noise based on diamond NV color center magnetic field measurement aiming at the problems.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for removing microwave noise in diamond NV color center magnetic field measurement, where a measurement pulse sequence and a reference pulse sequence are set; the interval set by the measuring pulse sequence and the reference pulse sequence is smaller than or equal to the length of the measuring pulse sequence;
setting a first state preparation laser pulse, a first state reading laser pulse and three first microwave pulses between the first state preparation laser pulse and the first state reading laser pulse in the measurement pulse sequence;
setting a second-state preparation laser pulse, a second-state reading laser pulse and three second microwave pulses between the second-state preparation laser pulse and the second-state reading laser pulse in the reference pulse sequence;
the timing of the three first microwave pulses is set to (pi/2) respectively x -(π) x -(π/2) y The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The timing of the three second microwave pulses is set to (pi/2) respectively x -(π) x -(-π/2) y 。
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the first-state preparation laser pulse, the first-state reading laser pulse, the second-state preparation laser pulse and the second-state reading laser pulse are identical.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, 532nm continuous laser is diffracted through the acousto-optic modulator, the digital signal generator signal is used for controlling the driving of the acousto-optic modulator, and the first-state preparation laser pulse, the first-state reading laser pulse, the second-state preparation laser pulse and the second-state reading laser pulse are respectively generated.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the digital signal generator is used for controlling the microwave switch to respectively generate the first microwave pulse and the second microwave pulse.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the process for generating the first-state preparation laser pulse and the second-state preparation laser pulse comprises the following steps: the color center of the diamond is excited by the irradiation of 532nm green laser pulse to generate the ground state 3 A 2 To an excited state 3 E, the excited state can spontaneously radiate back to the ground state, or can pass through an intermediate state 1 A 1 And 1 e makes a non-radiative transition back to the ground state m s ＝0。
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the process of generating the first-state reading laser pulse and the second-state reading laser pulse comprises the following steps: the color center of the diamond is excited by the irradiation of 532nm green laser pulse to generate the ground state 3 A 2 To an excited state 3 E, the excited state can spontaneously radiate back to the ground state, fluorescence can be emitted in the spontaneous radiation process, the phase can be obtained by collecting the fluorescence, and the measured magnetic field size can be obtained through calculation.
According to the application implementThe technical proposal provided by the example measures the pass (pi) in the pulse sequence x -(π/2) y After the pulse, the phase of the obtained signal is delta phi-phi, wherein delta phi is a state operation error caused by the jitter of the microwave amplitude, and phi is the phase caused by the measuring magnetic field; measuring the transit time in pulse trains x -(-π/2) y After the pulse, the obtained phase is delta phi + phi;
let the reading error of magnetic field caused by the jitter of microwave amplitude be DeltaB, the actual magnetic field be B, and the magnetic field value under the measuring pulse sequence be B sig =Δb+b, the magnetic field value under the reference pulse sequence is B ref =Δb-B, corrected signal B mod ＝(B sig -B ref ) /2=b, the effect of the magnetic field reading error Δb is eliminated.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the calculation process of phi and B comprises the following steps:
before measurement, a single first microwave pulse is utilized to scan the pulse width from 0 to pi/2, and fluorescent signals V at 0 and pi/2 moments are respectively recorded 0 And V π/2 As a reference;
performing normal measurement to obtain fluorescence signal V sig The measured magnetic field causes a phase ofThe magnetic field is B=phi/(gmu) B T seq ) Wherein T is seq Is (pi/2) x And (pi/2) y Time interval between g mu B Is constant.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the application provides a microwave noise elimination method based on diamond NV color center magnetic field measurement, wherein during the action of microwave pulses, the jitter of microwave amplitude can generate defective pi/2 pulses and pi pulses, thereby leading to jitter of interference phases, and the extra noise can influence the measurement precision of a magnetometer. In order to reduce the influence of microwave noise, a reference signal is set. Typically the microwave noise is low frequency noise with a frequency distribution much smaller than the magnetometer repetition frequency. Thus, the reference signal is arranged in the vicinity of the measured magnetic field signal, the microwave noise can be regarded as being substantially constant, and the microwave noise can be regarded as only one bias signal in a short time, even if there are defective pi/2 pulses and pi pulses due to the microwave noise, it can be understood that a constant bias is added to the magnetic field signal, and the reference signal and the magnetic field signal have the same bias. Thus the reference signal and the measurement signal are subtracted to obtain a noise reduced signal.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art may better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the following detailed description of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings is provided for exemplary and explanatory purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application in any way.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the present application, in which a measurement pulse sequence and a reference pulse sequence are provided; the interval set by the measuring pulse sequence and the reference pulse sequence is smaller than or equal to the length of the measuring pulse sequence;
setting a first state preparation laser pulse, a first state reading laser pulse and three first microwave pulses between the first state preparation laser pulse and the first state reading laser pulse in the measurement pulse sequence;
setting a second-state preparation laser pulse, a second-state reading laser pulse and three second microwave pulses between the second-state preparation laser pulse and the second-state reading laser pulse in the reference pulse sequence;
the timing of the three first microwave pulses is set to (pi/2) respectively x -(π) x -(π/2) y The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The timing of the three second microwave pulses is set to (pi/2) respectively x -(π) x -(-π/2) y 。
In this embodiment, the first-state preparation laser pulse, the first-state reading laser pulse, the second-state preparation laser pulse, and the second-state reading laser pulse are identical.
In this embodiment, 532nm continuous laser is diffracted by the acousto-optic modulator, and the digital signal generator is used to control the driving of the acousto-optic modulator, so as to generate the first-state preparation laser pulse, the first-state reading laser pulse, the second-state preparation laser pulse and the second-state reading laser pulse, respectively.
The process of generating the first state preparation laser pulse and the second state preparation laser pulse comprises the following steps: the color center of the diamond is excited by the irradiation of 532nm green laser pulse to generate the ground state 3 A 2 To an excited state 3 E, the excited state can spontaneously radiate back to the ground state, or can pass through an intermediate state 1 A 1 And 1 e makes a non-radiative transition back to the ground state m s ＝0。
The process of generating the first state read laser pulse and the second state read laser pulse includes: the color center of the diamond is excited by the irradiation of 532nm green laser pulse to generate the ground state 3 A 2 To an excited state 3 E, the excited state can spontaneously radiate back to the ground state, fluorescence can be emitted in the spontaneous radiation process, the phase can be obtained by collecting the fluorescence, and the measured magnetic field size can be obtained through calculation.
In this embodiment, the digital signal generator controls the microwave switch to generate the first microwave pulse and the second microwave pulse respectively.
In this embodiment, the pass (pi) in the pulse train is measured x -(π/2) y After the pulse, the phase of the obtained signal is delta phi-phi, wherein delta phi is a state operation error caused by the jitter of the microwave amplitude, and phi is the phase caused by the measuring magnetic field; measuring the transit time in pulse trains x -(-π/2) y After the pulse, the obtained phase is delta phi + phi;
in this embodiment, since the distance between the measurement signal and the reference signal is not longer than the length of the measurement signal, the Δb of the measurement signal and the reference signal due to the jitter of the microwave amplitude can be regarded as the same, and the magnetic field value under the measurement pulse sequence is B sig =Δb+b, the magnetic field value under the reference pulse sequence is B ref =Δb-B, corrected signal B mod ＝(B sig -B ref ) /2=b, the effect of the magnetic field reading error Δb is eliminated.
In this embodiment, the calculation process of phi and B includes:
before measurement, a single first microwave pulse is utilized to scan the pulse width from 0 to pi/2, and fluorescent signals V at 0 and pi/2 moments are respectively recorded 0 And V π/2 As a reference;
performing normal measurement to obtain fluorescence signal V sig The measured magnetic field causes a phase ofThe magnetic field is B=phi/(gμBT) seq ) Wherein T is seq Is (pi/2) x And (pi/2) y Time interval between g mu B Is constant.
In this embodiment, the laser pulses in the measurement pulse sequence and the reference pulse sequence are identical, but the microwave pulses are different, the microwave pulses are generated by controlling the microwave switch through the digital signal generator, and the three microwave pulse sequences in the measurement pulse sequence are (pi/2) x -(π) x -(π/2) y Three microwave pulse time sequences in the reference pulse sequence are (pi/2) x -(π) x -(-π/2) y . After the microwave intensity is fixed, pulse duration required by pi and pi/2 pulses is determined by measuring the Laratio oscillation; by controlling the microwave signal generator, the phase of the microwave signal can be controlled, and pi/2 and-pi/2 pulses can be obtained respectively. The measuring magnetic field B is obtained by measuring the pulse sequence and the reference pulse sequence respectively sig And a reference magnetic field B ref Corrected signal B mod ＝(B sig -B ref )/2。
Specific examples are set forth herein to illustrate the principles and embodiments of the present application, and the description of the examples above is only intended to assist in understanding the methods of the present application and their core ideas. The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application, and it should be noted that, due to the limited text expressions, there is virtually no limit to the specific structure, and that, for a person skilled in the art, several modifications, adaptations, or variations may be made without departing from the principles of the present application, and the above-described features may be combined in any suitable manner; such modifications, variations, or combinations, or the direct application of the concepts and aspects disclosed herein without modification, are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (6)
1. The method for eliminating microwave noise in the diamond NV color center magnetic field measurement is characterized in that a measurement pulse sequence and a reference pulse sequence are set; the interval set by the measuring pulse sequence and the reference pulse sequence is smaller than or equal to the length of the measuring pulse sequence;
setting a first state preparation laser pulse, a first state reading laser pulse and three first microwave pulses between the first state preparation laser pulse and the first state reading laser pulse in the measurement pulse sequence;
setting a second-state preparation laser pulse, a second-state reading laser pulse and three second microwave pulses between the second-state preparation laser pulse and the second-state reading laser pulse in the reference pulse sequence;
the timing of the three first microwave pulses is set to (pi/2) respectively x -(π) x -(π/2) y The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The timing of the three second microwave pulses is set to (pi/2) respectively x -(π) x -(-π/2) y ；
Measuring the transit time in pulse trains x -(π/2) y After the pulse, the phase of the obtained signal is delta phi-phi, wherein delta phi is a state operation error caused by the jitter of the microwave amplitude, and phi is the phase caused by the measuring magnetic field; reference pulse sequence pass (pi) x -(-π/2) y After the pulse, the obtained phase is delta phi + phi;
let the reading error of magnetic field caused by the jitter of microwave amplitude be DeltaB, the actual magnetic field be B, and the magnetic field value under the measuring pulse sequence be B sig =Δb+b, the magnetic field value under the reference pulse sequence is B ref =Δb-B, corrected signal B mod ＝(B sig -B ref ) 2 = B, eliminating the effect of the magnetic field reading error Δb; the calculation process of phi and B comprises the following steps:
before measurement, a single first microwave pulse is utilized to scan the pulse width from 0 to pi/2, and the fluorescence at the moment of 0 and pi/2 is recorded respectivelyOptical signal V 0 And V π/2 As a reference;
performing normal measurement to obtain fluorescence signal V sig The measured magnetic field causes a phase ofThe magnetic field is B=phi/(gmu) B T seq ) Wherein T is seq Is (pi/2) x And (pi/2) y Time interval between g mu B Is constant.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first state preparation laser pulse, the first state reading laser pulse, the second state preparation laser pulse, and the second state reading laser pulse are identical.
3. The method for eliminating microwave noise in diamond NV color center magnetic field measurement according to claim 2, wherein 532nm continuous laser is diffracted by an acousto-optic modulator, the driving of the acousto-optic modulator is controlled by a digital signal generator signal, and the first state preparation laser pulse, the first state reading laser pulse, the second state preparation laser pulse and the second state reading laser pulse are respectively generated.
4. A method of removing microwave noise in diamond-based NV color center magnetic field measurement according to claim 3, wherein the first and second microwave pulses are generated by controlling a microwave switch through a digital signal generator, respectively.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the first state preparation laser pulse and the second state preparation laser pulse comprises: the color center of the diamond is excited by the irradiation of 532nm green laser pulse to generate the ground state 3 A 2 To an excited state 3 E transition, excited state energyCapable of spontaneous radiation back to the ground state, or through an intermediate state 1 A 1 And 1 e makes a non-radiative transition back to the ground state m s ＝0。
6. The method of claim 5, wherein generating the first and second state read laser pulses comprises: the color center of the diamond is excited by the irradiation of 532nm green laser pulse to generate the ground state 3 A 2 To an excited state 3 E, the excited state can spontaneously radiate back to the ground state, fluorescence can be emitted in the spontaneous radiation process, the phase can be obtained by collecting the fluorescence, and the measured magnetic field size can be obtained through calculation.
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