CN112649768A - Pulse type NV color center magnetic field measurement method combining locking and releasing processing - Google Patents
Pulse type NV color center magnetic field measurement method combining locking and releasing processing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A pulse type NV color center magnetic field measuring method combined with lock amplification processing effectively reduces technical noise of pulse type magnetic field measurement, improves signal to noise ratio of pulse type magnetic field measurement and further improves measuring sensitivity by combining the advantages of ensuring high contrast of the pulse type measuring method, being small in low-frequency noise influence of the lock amplification method and the like, and is simple to operate and easy to achieve.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a magnetic field measurement technology, in particular to a pulse type NV color center magnetic field measurement method combining lock amplification treatment, which effectively reduces technical noise of pulse type magnetic field measurement, improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the pulse type magnetic field measurement by combining the advantages of small low-frequency noise influence and the like of a lock phase amplification method while ensuring high contrast of the pulse type magnetic field measurement method, further improves measurement sensitivity, and is simple to operate and easy to realize.
Background
The detection and imaging of the small-area weak magnetic field are widely applied to the research fields of material science, mesoscopic physics, life science and the like. In recent years, with the rapid development of quantum technology, some new magnetic field measurement means are proposed and put into practice, and typical representatives are: superconducting quantum interferometers, based on SERF magnetometers without spin-exchange relaxation, nuclear magnetic resonance magnetometers, and diamond NV colour centre magnetometers (NV, Nitrogen-Vacancy colour centres within diamond). Compared with other magnetic field measurement schemes, the NV color center has great advantages in the aspects of starting at room temperature, vector measurement and the like. Magnetic field measurements using NV colour centers generally take two forms, one pulsed and one continuous. The impulse type measurement has high contrast and sensitivity, but simultaneously has large noise and low signal-to-noise ratio; the continuous measurement is less sensitive than the pulse measurement, but because the continuous measurement can perform the phase-locked amplification processing on the signal, the low-frequency noise is far lower than that of the pulse measurement. Therefore, compared with the traditional pulse measurement, the pulse NV color center magnetic field measurement method combining the lock-in processing has higher signal-to-noise ratio, and the considerable application prospect of the method can attract great attention.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a pulse type NV color center magnetic field measuring method combined with locking and releasing processing according to the technical development.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a pulse type NV color center magnetic field measurement method combined with locking and releasing processing is characterized by comprising the following steps: step 1, a pulse generation module generates a pulse sequence according to a first operation instruction, and pulse type magnetic field measurement based on an NV color center is carried out; step 2, in the measuring process, the signal generator generates a modulation signal according to a second operation instruction for modulation; step 3, detecting a fluorescence signal generated by the NV color center of the diamond by a fluorescence detection module; and 4, performing phase-locked amplification processing on the original measurement result, and outputting a final magnetic field measurement result.
And (3) circulating the steps 1 to 3 according to the set pulse type magnetic field measurement times N to obtain N original measurement results, wherein the N original measurement results are all recorded and output by a data acquisition module.
The pulse sequence comprises laser pulses, waiting pulses and microwave control pulses; the NV color center is a nitrogen-vacancy color center with a negative charge in the diamond; the laser pulse is divided into a polarization pulse and a detection pulse, and the polarization pulse is used for polarizing the electron spin state of the NV color center; a waiting pulse immediately following the polarization pulse for waiting for the electrons still in the excited and singlet states to relax completely to the ground state; the microwave control pulse is used for controlling the NV color center electron spin ground state immediately after the waiting pulse; the detection pulse immediately follows the microwave steering pulse and is used to detect the population of NV centroid electrons.
The detection pulse of each pulsed magnetic field measurement sequence is shared with the polarization pulse of the next pulsed magnetic field measurement sequence.
The modulation signal comprises laser power, microwave frequency and/or a magnetic field.
The modulation of the microwave frequency satisfies f0+△fsin(ωmt) wherein f0For modulating the center frequency,. DELTA.f for the modulation depth,. omegamAngular velocity, t time, modulation frequency f ═ ω (ω)m/2 pi) should be less than 1/5 of the system sampling rate.
The measurement result is a time-varying signal, and is acquired by using a data acquisition card.
The phase-locked amplification treatment is to demodulate and amplify the modulation signal to obtain a final magnetic field measurement result; the phase-locked amplification treatment further inhibits the technical noise, enhances the signal-to-noise ratio and further improves the measurement sensitivity.
The invention has the following technical effects: the pulse type NV color center magnetic field measurement method combined with the lock amplification process has the advantages that the high contrast of the pulse type measurement method is guaranteed, meanwhile, the low-frequency noise influence of the lock amplification method is small, the technical noise of the pulse type magnetic field measurement is effectively reduced, the signal-to-noise ratio of the pulse type magnetic field measurement is improved, the measurement sensitivity is further improved, the operation is simple, and the implementation is easy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a pulsed NV color center magnetic field measurement method incorporating a lock-in process embodying the present invention. NV (Nitrogen-Vacancy, Nitrogen-Vacancy color center within diamond). Fig. 1 includes the following steps between the start measurement and the end measurement: 110, generating a pulse sequence by a pulse generation module according to a first operation instruction, and measuring a pulse type magnetic field based on an NV color center; step 120, inputting a modulation signal to modulate by the signal generator according to a second operation instruction in the pulse type magnetic field measurement process; step 130, detecting a fluorescence signal by a fluorescence detection module; and step 140, performing phase-locked amplification processing on the measurement result, and outputting a final magnetic field measurement result.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pulse sequence for performing the nth measurement according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the change of fluorescence signal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numbers are listed below: 210-n-1 th pulse magnetic field measuring microwave pulse; 220-laser detection pulse of pulse magnetic field measurement of n-1 th time and laser polarization pulse of pulse magnetic field measurement of n-th time; 230-microwave pulses for nth pulsed magnetic field measurements; 240-common laser pulses of laser polarization pulses of n-th pulsed magnetic field measurement and laser detection pulses of n + 1-th pulsed magnetic field measurement; 250-full pulse schematic of pulsed magnetic field measurement; 310-microwave frequency modulation satisfies f0+△fsin(ωmt) wherein f0For modulating the center frequency,. DELTA.f for the modulation depth,. omegamAngular velocity, t time, modulation frequency f ═ ω (ω)m/2 π) should be less than 1/5 of the system sample rate; 320-change in fluorescence signal corresponding to microwave frequency modulation.
Detailed Description
The invention is explained below with reference to the figures (fig. 1-3) and the examples.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a pulsed NV color center magnetic field measurement method incorporating a lock-in process embodying the present invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pulse sequence for performing the nth measurement according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the change of fluorescence signal according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a pulsed NV color center magnetic field measurement method with lock-in processing includes the following steps: step 1, a pulse generation module generates a pulse sequence according to a first operation instruction, and pulse type magnetic field measurement based on an NV color center is carried out; step 2, in the measuring process, the signal generator generates a modulation signal according to a second operation instruction for modulation; step 3, detecting a fluorescence signal generated by the NV color center of the diamond by a fluorescence detection module; and 4, performing phase-locked amplification processing on the original measurement result, and outputting a final magnetic field measurement result. And (3) circulating the steps 1 to 3 according to the set pulse type magnetic field measurement times N to obtain N original measurement results, wherein the N original measurement results are all recorded and output by a data acquisition module. The pulse sequence comprises laser pulses, waiting pulses and microwave control pulses; the NV color center is a nitrogen-vacancy color center with a negative charge in the diamond; the laser pulse is divided into a polarization pulse and a detection pulse, and the polarization pulse is used for polarizing the electron spin state of the NV color center; a waiting pulse immediately following the polarization pulse for waiting for the electrons still in the excited and singlet states to relax completely to the ground state; the microwave control pulse is used for controlling the NV color center electron spin ground state immediately after the waiting pulse; the detection pulse immediately follows the microwave steering pulse and is used to detect the population of NV centroid electrons. The detection pulse of each pulsed magnetic field measurement sequence is shared with the polarization pulse of the next pulsed magnetic field measurement sequence. The modulation signal comprises laser power, microwave frequency and/or a magnetic field.
The modulation of the microwave frequency satisfies f0+△fsin(ωmt) wherein f0For modulating the center frequency,. DELTA.f for the modulation depth,. omegamAngular velocity, t time, modulation frequency f ═ ω (ω)m/2 pi) should be less than 1/5 of the system sampling rate. The measurement result is a time-varying signal, and is acquired by using a data acquisition card. The phase-locked amplification treatment is to demodulate and amplify the modulation signal to obtain a final magnetic field measurement result; phase-locked amplification processing techniqueThe surgical noise is further suppressed, enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio and further improving the measurement sensitivity.
A pulse type NV color center magnetic field measurement method combined with lock-in processing comprises the following steps: the pulse generation module generates a pulse sequence according to the first operation instruction and performs pulse type magnetic field measurement based on the NV color center; during the measurement process, the signal generator generates a modulation signal to be modulated according to a second operation instruction; the fluorescence detection module detects a fluorescence signal according to the third operation instruction; performing N times of pulse type magnetic field measurement, and recording and outputting an original measurement result of each measurement by a data acquisition module; and performing phase-locked amplification processing on the original measurement result, and outputting a final magnetic field measurement result. The pulse type NV color center magnetic field measuring method combined with the lock-up amplification treatment, provided by the embodiment of the invention, has the advantages of ensuring the high contrast of the pulse type measuring method, being combined with the advantages of small low-frequency noise influence of the lock-up amplification detection method and the like, effectively reduces the technical noise of pulse type magnetic field measurement, improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the pulse type magnetic field measurement, further improves the measurement sensitivity, is simple to operate and is easy to realize.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for measuring a pulsed NV color center magnetic field in conjunction with a lock-in process according to an embodiment of the present invention, the method including:
110. the pulse generation module generates a pulse sequence according to the first operation instruction and performs pulse type magnetic field measurement based on the NV color center;
120. during the measurement process, the signal generator generates a modulation signal to be modulated according to a second operation instruction;
130. the fluorescence detection module detects the fluorescence signal;
140. and finally, performing phase-locked amplification processing on the original measurement result and outputting a final magnetic field measurement result.
It should be appreciated that in this embodiment 110, the pulse train includes laser pulses, wait pulses, and microwave steering pulses. The NV color center is a nitrogen-vacancy color center with a negative charge in the diamond. The laser pulse is divided into a polarization pulse and a detection pulse, and the polarization pulse is used for polarizing the electron spin state of the NV color center; a waiting pulse immediately following the polarization pulse for waiting for the electrons still in the excited and singlet states to relax completely to the ground state; the microwave control pulse is used for controlling the NV color center electron spin ground state immediately after the waiting pulse; the laser detection pulse is used to detect the population of NV centroid electrons immediately after the microwave steering pulse.
It should be appreciated that the detection pulses, the detection pulses of each magnetic field measurement sequence being shared with the polarization pulses of the next measurement sequence, serve to reduce the sequence time cost and increase the sampling rate of the pulsed measurements.
It should be understood that the pulse train has as short an inter-pulse interval as possible and all pulse data is output, and the system sampling rate is as high as possible, including but not limited to 100 kHz.
It should be understood that the modulation signal includes, but is not limited to, laser power, microwave frequency, magnetic field, etc., and typically is primarily microwave frequency modulated.
It should be understood that the raw measurement is a time-varying signal, and needs to be acquired by a data acquisition device, including but not limited to a data acquisition card.
It should be understood that the phase-locked amplification process is to demodulate and amplify the modulated signal to obtain a final magnetic field measurement result; the phase-locked amplification part enables technical noise to be further suppressed, the signal to noise ratio is enhanced, and the measurement sensitivity is further improved.
Alternatively, in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, a pulse sequence diagram of pulsed magnetic field measurement is given, in which 210 is a microwave pulse of n-1 times pulsed magnetic field measurement, 220 is a laser detection pulse of n-1 times pulsed magnetic field measurement and a laser polarization pulse of n times pulsed magnetic field measurement, 230 is a microwave pulse of n times pulsed magnetic field measurement, 240 is a common laser pulse of the laser polarization pulse of n times pulsed magnetic field measurement and the laser detection pulse of n +1 times pulsed magnetic field measurement, and 250 is a diagram of all pulses of pulsed magnetic field measurement.
Alternatively, in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the modulated fluorescence is given by taking the example of modulating the microwave frequencyAnd (3) a signal change schematic diagram. The microwave frequency modulation shown as 310 satisfies f0+△fsin(ωmt) wherein f0For modulating the center frequency, Δ f is the modulation depth, and the modulation frequency f is ωmThe/2 pi should be less than 1/5 of the system sampling rate. A graph of the change in fluorescence signal corresponding to the microwave frequency modulation is shown at 320.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced without these specific details. It is pointed out here that the above description is helpful for the person skilled in the art to understand the invention, but does not limit the scope of protection of the invention. Any such equivalents, modifications and/or omissions as may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention may be resorted to.
Claims (8)
1. A pulse type NV color center magnetic field measurement method combined with locking and releasing processing is characterized by comprising the following steps: step 1, a pulse generation module generates a pulse sequence according to a first operation instruction, and pulse type magnetic field measurement based on an NV color center is carried out; step 2, in the measuring process, the signal generator generates a modulation signal according to a second operation instruction for modulation; step 3, detecting a fluorescence signal generated by the NV color center of the diamond by a fluorescence detection module; and 4, performing phase-locked amplification processing on the original measurement result, and outputting a final magnetic field measurement result.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the steps 1 to 3 are cycled according to a set number of pulsed magnetic field measurements N to obtain N raw measurements, and the N raw measurements are recorded and output by a data acquisition module.
3. The pulsed NV color center magnetic field measurement method in combination with lock-in processing of claim 1, wherein the pulse sequence comprises a laser pulse, a waiting pulse, and a microwave manipulation pulse; the NV color center is a nitrogen-vacancy color center with a negative charge in the diamond; the laser pulse is divided into a polarization pulse and a detection pulse, and the polarization pulse is used for polarizing the electron spin state of the NV color center; a waiting pulse immediately following the polarization pulse for waiting for the electrons still in the excited and singlet states to relax completely to the ground state; the microwave control pulse is used for controlling the NV color center electron spin ground state immediately after the waiting pulse; the detection pulse immediately follows the microwave steering pulse and is used to detect the population of NV centroid electrons.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein a detection pulse of each pulsed magnetic field measurement sequence is shared with a polarization pulse of a next pulsed magnetic field measurement sequence.
5. The pulsed NV color center magnetic field measurement method in combination with lock-out processing according to claim 1, wherein the modulation signal comprises laser power, microwave frequency, and/or magnetic field.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the modulation of the microwave frequency satisfies f0+△fsin(ωmt) wherein f0For modulating the center frequency,. DELTA.f for the modulation depth,. omegamAngular velocity, t time, modulation frequency f ═ ω (ω)m/2 pi) should be less than 1/5 of the system sampling rate.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the measurement is a time-varying signal and is collected using a data acquisition card.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the phase-locked amplification process is performed to demodulate and amplify the modulated signal to obtain a final magnetic field measurement result; the phase-locked amplification treatment further inhibits the technical noise, enhances the signal-to-noise ratio and further improves the measurement sensitivity.
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