CN112327110B - Wide-temperature-zone liquid medium environment test device based on conduction cooling of refrigerator - Google Patents
Wide-temperature-zone liquid medium environment test device based on conduction cooling of refrigerator Download PDFInfo
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- CN112327110B CN112327110B CN202011117486.9A CN202011117486A CN112327110B CN 112327110 B CN112327110 B CN 112327110B CN 202011117486 A CN202011117486 A CN 202011117486A CN 112327110 B CN112327110 B CN 112327110B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 243
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011555 saturated liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013526 supercooled liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 65K to 77K Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000011825 aerospace material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
- G01R31/1263—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation
- G01R31/1281—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation of liquids or gases
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Containers, Films, And Cooling For Superconductive Devices (AREA)
Abstract
A wide temperature area liquid medium environment test device based on conduction cooling of a refrigerator comprises a vacuum low-temperature cavity, a low-temperature test cavity, a high-voltage electrode, a large-current lead, an air inlet pipe, an air outlet pipe, the refrigerator, a gas buffer tank and a gas distribution system. The invention can provide a mixed liquid medium (liquid nitrogen/carbon tetrafluoride) test environment with a wide temperature range of 50-120K, and can perform an insulation characteristic test of the mixed liquid medium, a solid-liquid composite insulation characteristic test under the soaking condition of the mixed liquid medium, and an electromagnetic characteristic test such as current carrying capacity and quench recovery of a superconducting tape and a superconducting coil under the soaking condition of the mixed liquid medium.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a test device.
Background
The fields of superconducting, space technology, low-temperature refrigeration and the like are applied to pay attention to the low-temperature characteristics of materials, and a proper low-temperature test device needs to be designed to study the properties of the materials in a low-temperature environment. The existing low-temperature environment test device mostly adopts a vacuum environment and a refrigerator to provide cold energy for test materials, and can provide test conditions in a wide temperature area, but the direct conduction cooling method has the defects in the aspect of sample thermal stability, is difficult to develop a live test such as sample pressure resistance, and can have the problems of difficult cooling or large temperature gradient when the size or the shape of a test sample is large.
The meaning of the term "wide temperature zone" is that "the liquid temperature zone in which the medium can be conveniently realized is wide". Taking a common liquid nitrogen medium as an example, the liquid temperature region which can be conveniently realized is generally considered as a temperature region from supercooled liquid nitrogen to saturated liquid nitrogen, namely 65K to 77K, and the delta T is about 12K. This temperature zone is narrower. As used herein, "convenient" means that conditions are not too extreme, and that engineering is feasible, e.g., that the pressure is not excessive. The liquid temperature range of the liquid nitrogen/carbon tetrafluoride mixed medium is considered to be 50K-120K, and the delta T is about 70K by adjusting the proportion, and the temperature range is wide.
At present, a plurality of patents disclose low-temperature liquid environment test devices designed for liquid helium, liquid neon, saturated and supercooled liquid nitrogen, a sample soaked by a low-temperature liquid medium has good thermal stability, the test is convenient to develop, the tests such as insulation voltage resistance, high-current impact and the like are easy to conduct, and the cooling effect is not influenced by the size and shape of the sample. In addition, the liquid medium environment can reflect actual conditions for materials operating in the liquid medium environment. For example, in the development process, the insulating property of the liquid medium and the solid-liquid composite insulating property formed in the liquid medium soaking environment are required to be known, and the current carrying capacity, the quench recovery property, the thermal stability and the like of the superconducting tape and the superconducting coil in the liquid medium soaking environment are required to be concerned, and all the tests are required to be carried out in a liquid medium environment test device.
The acquisition of the test data has guiding significance on the insulation design of the liquid medium immersed high-temperature superconducting electrical equipment, is also a key foundation for designing and manufacturing superconducting components, but the medium temperature areas of liquid helium, liquid neon, liquid nitrogen and the like used in the current liquid medium test environment are narrow, the research and test requirements of specific working conditions can be met, the limit of the available data range is large, and various tests and characteristic researches of the high-temperature superconducting electrical equipment using a wide temperature area mixed liquid medium, such as liquid nitrogen/carbon tetrafluoride, cannot be carried out in the existing device.
In order to perform a special temperature area liquid medium environment test, chinese patent CN111123052a discloses an insulation characteristic test device based on a temperature control medium, and the insulation characteristic of the special temperature area liquid medium can be tested by changing the temperature of the temperature control medium by adjusting the pressure, but the device has a high requirement on the manufacture of a pressure container. The device has advantages in the aspect of testing the insulation property of the liquid medium in a special temperature area, but has defects in the aspects of conducting solid-liquid composite insulation property test, electromagnetic performance test of the superconducting tape and the superconducting coil under the condition of soaking the liquid medium, mechanical test of aerospace materials and the like.
At present, a proper wide temperature zone liquid medium environment test device is not available, and a wide temperature zone liquid medium insulation characteristic test, a wide temperature zone solid insulation characteristic test under a liquid medium soaking condition and a superconducting device performance research are difficult to develop.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that a wide temperature zone liquid medium environment test device is lacking, a wide temperature zone liquid medium insulation characteristic test is difficult to open, a solid insulation characteristic test is performed under a wide temperature zone liquid medium soaking condition, and the performance of a superconducting device is researched at present, the invention provides a wide temperature zone liquid medium environment test device based on conduction cooling of a refrigerator. The invention can perform 50-120K wide temperature area mixed liquid medium insulation characteristic test, solid-liquid composite insulation characteristic test under wide temperature area mixed liquid medium soaking environment, and superconducting tape and superconducting coil electromagnetic characteristic test under wide temperature area mixed liquid medium soaking environment, and provides support for research and development of mixed liquid medium soaking type high temperature superconducting electrical equipment.
For this purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
The test device of the present invention comprises: the vacuum low-temperature test device comprises a vacuum low-temperature cavity, a low-temperature test cavity, a high-voltage electrode, a high-current lead wire, an air inlet pipe, an air outlet pipe, a sealing plug, a test part, a refrigerator, a gas buffer tank and a gas distribution system.
The vacuum low-temperature cavity is used for providing vacuum and low-temperature environment required by test, and is internally provided with a cold guide, a test cavity tray and a low-temperature test cavity. The cold guide piece is a soft pure copper wire, one end of the cold guide piece is led out from the tail end of the cold head of the refrigerator, and the other end of the cold guide piece is fixed at the bottom of the low-temperature test cavity to provide cold energy for the low-temperature test cavity. The test cavity tray is hung on an inner flange of the upper cover plate of the vacuum low-temperature cavity; the low-temperature test cavity is arranged on the test cavity tray. The low-temperature test cavity is filled with liquid nitrogen/carbon tetrafluoride which is a mixed liquid medium in a wide temperature range, and the test part is soaked in the liquid nitrogen/carbon tetrafluoride.
The high-voltage electrode and the high-current lead are respectively in an upper section and a lower section, the upper section high-voltage electrode and the upper section high-current lead are fixed on an upper cover plate of the vacuum low-temperature cavity through a wall bushing, and the lower section high-voltage electrode and the lower section high-current lead are fixed on the upper cover plate of the low-temperature test cavity through the wall bushing; the upper and lower high-voltage electrodes are connected by annealed copper wires, and the upper and lower high-current leads are connected by annealed copper wires. The high-voltage electrode is arranged in the center, and the two high-current leads are respectively arranged at two sides of the high-voltage electrode. When a high-voltage test is performed, the high-voltage electrode is connected with a high-voltage generator outside the vacuum low-temperature cavity, and high voltage is applied to the test part; when the high-current test is carried out, the high-current lead is connected with a current source outside the vacuum low-temperature cavity, and high current is introduced into the test part. The bottom of the high-voltage electrode rod is provided with a threaded hole for replacing electrode heads in different forms so as to obtain electric field conditions with different uniformity degrees.
The air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe are respectively in an upper section and a lower section, are respectively fixed at the edge of an upper cover plate of the vacuum low-temperature cavity and the edge of an upper cover plate of the low-temperature test cavity in a sealing manner, and are respectively connected by a hose. The gas distribution system comprises a gas cylinder, a gas buffer tank and a gas distribution pipe, wherein the gas distribution pipe is connected with the gas cylinder and the gas receiving buffer tank, and high-purity nitrogen and carbon tetrafluoride gas in the gas cylinder are input into the gas buffer tank from the gas cylinder according to the proportion. One end of the air inlet pipe is inserted into the low-temperature test cavity, the other end of the air inlet pipe is communicated with the gas buffer tank, and mixed gas at room temperature is fed into the low-temperature test cavity from the gas buffer tank. One end of the air outlet pipe is inserted into the low-temperature test cavity, and the other end of the air outlet pipe is exposed outside the vacuum low-temperature cavity. The air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe are provided with valves, and the on-off of the air channel can be controlled.
The upper cover plate of the vacuum low-temperature cavity and the upper cover plate of the low-temperature test cavity are respectively fixed with a sealing plug for leading out a lead wire of a sensor in the low-temperature test cavity and a grounding wire of a ground electrode.
The test part is divided into a first ground electrode, a second ground electrode coated with a solid insulating material and a superconducting tape or a superconducting coil. The three test parts all comprise cylindrical supporting and fixing parts made of epoxy resin or other common low-temperature insulating materials, and the supporting and fixing parts are arranged at the bottom of the low-temperature test cavity during test. The top of the supporting and fixing piece of the first ground electrode is provided with an insulating disc with a central opening, the aperture of the insulating disc is equal to the outer diameter of an electrode rod of the high-voltage electrode, and the high-voltage electrode penetrates into the central opening of the insulating disc before the test to ensure that the high-voltage electrode is opposite to the first ground electrode. The supporting and fixing piece of the second ground electrode coated with the solid insulating material has the same structure as the supporting and fixing piece of the first ground electrode. Coil wiring terminals are arranged on two sides of a supporting and fixing piece of the superconducting tape or the superconducting coil, the coil wiring terminals are connected with a high-current lead wire in a test, the superconducting tape is coiled on the supporting and fixing piece, and the head and the tail of the superconducting tape are connected with the coil wiring terminals.
The cold head of the refrigerator is arranged at the outer side edge of the upper cover plate of the vacuum low-temperature cavity, and stretches into the vacuum low-temperature cavity. The cold head end is led out of the cold guide piece, and the other end of the cold guide piece is fixed at the bottom of the low-temperature test cavity to provide cold for the low-temperature test cavity. The molecular pump is used for pumping air in the vacuum low-temperature cavity so as to ensure proper vacuum degree of the vacuum low-temperature cavity. The gas buffer tank is used for containing mixed gas and is connected with the gas inlet pipe.
The test device can perform insulation property test of a wide temperature area mixed liquid medium, insulation property test of a solid insulation material under the soaking condition of the wide temperature area mixed liquid medium, and electromagnetic property test of a superconducting tape and a superconducting coil under the soaking condition of the wide temperature area mixed liquid medium, and the working process of the device is as follows:
wide temperature range mixed liquid medium insulation property test: the test piece used was a first ground electrode. The high-voltage electrode is inserted into the central hole of the insulating disc at the top of the supporting and fixing part of the ground electrode and is arranged in the low-temperature test cavity. And vacuumizing the vacuum low-temperature cavity by using a molecular pump, and vacuumizing the low-temperature test cavity by using a mechanical pump. Pure gases N2 and CF4 in the gas cylinder are according to the temperature required by the test: 50K to 120K, the gas is input into a gas buffer tank through a gas distribution pipe according to the corresponding proportion: the molar ratio of N2 to CF4 is 45-90% when the temperature range is 50-80K; the molar ratio of N2 to CF4 is 2-20% when the test temperature is 80-120K. The refrigerator cools the low-temperature test cavity through the cold guide; the mixed gas in the gas buffer tank is introduced into the low-temperature test cavity through the gas inlet pipe and condensed into liquid; the high-voltage electrode is connected with the high-voltage generator, and the first ground electrode grounding wire is led out from the sealing plug and is grounded. During test, the electrode tip of the high-voltage electrode and the first ground electrode are immersed in the mixed liquid medium, a strong electric field is formed between the high-voltage electrode and the first ground electrode, and the medium is broken down after the initial field intensity of discharge of the mixed liquid medium is exceeded. The breakdown field intensity of the mixed liquid medium at different temperatures in a temperature region of 50-120K can be obtained by adjusting the temperature of the refrigerator and the proportion of the mixed medium.
Insulation property test of solid insulation material under the condition of soaking mixed liquid medium in wide temperature area: the test part used was a second ground electrode coated with a solid insulating material. Penetrating a high-voltage electrode into a central hole of an insulating disc at the top of a supporting and fixing part of a second ground electrode coated with a solid insulating material, and filling the high-voltage electrode into a low-temperature test cavity; and vacuumizing the vacuum low-temperature cavity by using a molecular pump, and vacuumizing the low-temperature test cavity by using a mechanical pump. Pure gas in the gas cylinder is input into the gas buffer tank through the gas distribution pipe according to a certain proportion; the refrigerator cools the low-temperature test cavity through the cold guide; the mixed gas in the gas buffer tank is introduced into a low-temperature test cavity through an air inlet pipe to be condensed into liquid; the high-voltage electrode is connected with the high-voltage generator, and the grounding wire of the second ground electrode coated with the solid insulating material is led out from the sealing plug and is grounded. During the test, the high-voltage electrode head and the second ground electrode coated with the solid insulating material are immersed in the mixed liquid medium, no gap is reserved between the high-voltage electrode and the second ground electrode coated with the solid insulating material, and the breakdown field intensity of the thin solid insulating material and the surface flashover voltage of the thick solid insulating material can be measured. The temperature of the refrigerator is regulated to obtain test data such as breakdown field strength of the thin solid insulating material, surface flashover voltage of the thick solid insulating material and the like at different temperatures in a 50-120K temperature region.
Electromagnetic property test of superconducting tape and superconducting coil under immersion of mixed liquid medium in wide temperature range: the test component used was a superconducting tape or a superconducting coil. And connecting the coil connecting terminal of the superconducting tape or the superconducting coil supporting and fixing piece with a high-current lead wire, and filling the high-current lead wire into a low-temperature test cavity. And vacuumizing the vacuum low-temperature cavity and the low-temperature test cavity by using a molecular pump, and vacuumizing the low-temperature test cavity by using a mechanical pump. Pure gas in the gas cylinder is input into the gas buffer tank through the gas distribution pipe according to a certain proportion. The refrigerator cools the low-temperature test cavity through the cold guide; the mixed gas in the gas buffer tank is introduced into the low-temperature test cavity through the gas inlet pipe and condensed into liquid. The high current lead is connected with a current source. When in test, the superconducting tape or the superconducting coil is immersed in the mixed liquid medium, the current source generates large current, the large current is led into the superconducting tape or the superconducting coil through the coil connecting terminal by the large current lead, and the characteristics of current carrying capacity, quench recovery and the like of the superconducting tape at different temperatures in a 50-120K temperature zone can be measured.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) Compared with the existing direct conduction cooling low-temperature test device, the device provided by the invention has the advantages that the thermal stability of a test sample is better, the cooling effect is not influenced by the size and shape of the sample, and the defect that the direct conduction cooling test device is difficult to perform electrification tests such as insulation withstand voltage and current impact can be overcome.
(2) The device can provide a 50-120K liquid medium test environment, can acquire test data in a wider temperature area, and overcomes the defect of narrow temperature area of the conventional low-temperature liquid environment test device.
(3) According to the invention, by replacing the test part, the mixed liquid medium insulation characteristic test, the solid-liquid composite insulation characteristic test under the liquid medium soaking condition, the electromagnetic performance test of the superconducting tape and the superconducting coil under the liquid medium soaking condition and the like can be developed, and the defect that the conventional device can only perform the low-temperature liquid insulation test is overcome.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a test device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a high voltage electrode and its associated electrode tip according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for conducting a wide temperature range mixed liquid medium insulation property test according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an inventive test apparatus for conducting an insulation property test of a solid insulation material under a wide temperature range mixed liquid medium soak condition;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an inventive test apparatus for conducting an electromagnetic property test of a superconducting tape and superconducting coil under a wide temperature range mixed liquid medium soak condition.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
The test device of the present invention comprises: the vacuum low-temperature test device comprises a vacuum low-temperature cavity, a low-temperature test cavity, a high-voltage electrode, a high-current lead, an air inlet and outlet pipe, a sealing plug, a test part, a refrigerator, a gas buffer tank and a gas distribution system.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the test device of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the test device of the present invention comprises: the vacuum low-temperature chamber 1, the low-temperature test chamber 2, the high-voltage electrode 9, the high-current lead 10, the air inlet pipe 8-1, the air outlet pipe 8-2, the sealing plug 12, the test part 11, the refrigerator 5 and the air distribution system. The test part 11 is divided into three types of a ground electrode 11-1, a ground electrode 11-2 coated with a solid insulating material, and a superconducting tape or a superconducting coil 11-3.
The vacuum low-temperature cavity 1 is internally provided with a cold guide 6, a test cavity tray 3 and a low-temperature test cavity 2, and is used for providing vacuum and low-temperature environment required by a test. The cold guide 6 is a soft pure copper wire, one end of the cold guide is led out from the tail end of the cold head of the refrigerator 5, and the other end of the cold guide is fixed at the bottom of the low-temperature test cavity 2 to provide cold for the low-temperature test cavity 2. The test cavity tray 3 is hung on an inner flange of the upper cover plate of the vacuum low-temperature cavity 1; the low-temperature test cavity 2 is arranged on the test cavity tray 3. The low-temperature test cavity 2 is filled with liquid nitrogen/carbon tetrafluoride which is a mixed liquid medium in a wide temperature range, and the test part 11 is soaked in the liquid nitrogen/carbon tetrafluoride.
The high-voltage electrode 9 and the high-current lead 10 are respectively in an upper section and a lower section, the upper section high-voltage electrode 9 and the upper section high-current lead 10 are fixed on an upper cover plate of the vacuum low-temperature cavity 1 through a wall bushing, and the lower section high-voltage electrode 9 and the lower section high-current lead 10 are fixed on an upper cover plate of the low-temperature test cavity 2 through the wall bushing; the upper and lower high-voltage electrodes 9 are connected by annealed copper wires, and the upper and lower high-current leads 10 are connected by annealed copper wires. The high-voltage electrode 9 is arranged in the center, and two high-current leads 10 are respectively arranged at two sides of the high-voltage electrode 9. In the high voltage test, the high voltage electrode 9 is connected to a high voltage generator, and a high voltage is applied to the test member 11. When a large current test is performed, the large current lead 10 is connected to a current source, and a large current is supplied to the test member 11.
The high-voltage electrode consists of an electrode rod and an electrode head, and the bottom of the electrode rod is provided with a threaded hole for replacing the electrode heads in different forms so as to obtain electric field conditions with different uniformity degrees. The high voltage electrode and its associated electrode head are shown in figure 2. Alternative electrode tip shapes include, but are not limited to, flat, pointed, and hemispherical as shown in fig. 2.
The air inlet pipe 8-1 and the air outlet pipe 8-2 are respectively in an upper section and a lower section, are respectively fixed at the edge of an upper cover plate of the vacuum low-temperature cavity 1 and the edge of an upper cover plate of the low-temperature test cavity 2 in a sealing manner, and the upper section and the lower section of the air inlet pipe 8-1 and the upper section and the lower section of the air outlet pipe 8-2 are respectively connected by hoses for vacuum. One end of the air inlet pipe 8-1 is inserted into the low-temperature test cavity 2, the other end of the air inlet pipe 8-1 is connected with the air buffer tank 7, and mixed air at room temperature is fed into the low-temperature test cavity 2 from the air buffer tank 7. One end of the air outlet pipe 8-2 is inserted into the low-temperature test cavity 2, and the other end of the air outlet pipe 8-2 is exposed outside the vacuum low-temperature cavity 1. The air inlet pipe 8-1 and the air outlet pipe 8-2 are respectively provided with a valve 13, so that the on-off of the air path can be controlled. The gas distribution system comprises a gas distribution pipe 8-3, a gas cylinder 14 and a gas buffer tank 7. The gas distribution pipe 8-3 is connected with the gas cylinder 14 and the gas buffer tank 7, and high-purity nitrogen and carbon tetrafluoride gas in the gas cylinder 14 are input into the gas buffer tank 7 from the gas cylinder 14 according to a certain proportion.
The upper cover plate of the vacuum low-temperature cavity 1 and the upper cover plate of the low-temperature test cavity 2 are respectively fixed with a sealing plug 12 for leading out the lead wire of the sensor in the low-temperature test cavity 2 and the grounding wire of the ground electrode.
The test part 11 is divided into a first ground electrode 11-1, a second ground electrode 11-2 coated with a solid insulating material, and a superconducting tape or coil 11-3. The three test parts all comprise cylindrical supporting and fixing parts made of epoxy resin or other common low-temperature insulating materials, and the supporting and fixing parts are arranged at the bottom of the low-temperature test cavity 2 during test. The top of the supporting and fixing piece of the first ground electrode 11-1 is provided with an insulating disc with a central opening, the aperture of the insulating disc is equal to the outer diameter of an electrode rod of the high-voltage electrode, and the high-voltage electrode 9 penetrates into the central opening of the insulating disc before a test to ensure that the high-voltage electrode 9 is opposite to the first ground electrode 11-1. The supporting fixture of the second ground electrode 11-2 coated with the solid insulating material is identical in structure to the supporting fixture of the first ground electrode 11-1. Coil connecting terminals are arranged on two sides of the supporting and fixing piece of the superconducting tape or the superconducting coil 11-3, and are connected with the high-current lead 10 in test, the superconducting tape is coiled along the supporting and fixing piece, and the head and the tail of the superconducting tape are connected with the coil connecting terminals.
The cold head of the refrigerator 5 is arranged at the outer side edge of the upper cover plate of the vacuum low-temperature cavity 1, the cold head stretches into the vacuum low-temperature cavity, the cold guide piece 6 is led out from the tail end of the cold head of the refrigerator 5, and the other end of the cold guide piece 6 is fixed at the bottom of the low-temperature test cavity 2 to provide cold energy for the low-temperature test cavity 2. A molecular pump 4 is used to pump the air inside the vacuum cryogenic chamber 1 and ensure a proper vacuum. The gas buffer tank 7 is used for containing mixed gas and is connected with the gas inlet pipe 8-1. The gas cylinder 14 is used for containing high-purity nitrogen and carbon tetrafluoride gas and is connected with the gas distribution pipe 8-3.
The test device can perform insulation property test of a wide temperature area mixed liquid medium, insulation property test of a solid insulation material under the soaking condition of the wide temperature area mixed liquid medium, and electromagnetic property test of a superconducting tape and a superconducting coil under the soaking condition of the wide temperature area mixed liquid medium, and the working process of the device is as follows:
As shown in FIG. 3, when a wide temperature range mixed liquid medium insulation characteristic test is performed, the test part selected for the test apparatus of the present invention is the first ground electrode 11-1. Penetrating a high-voltage electrode 9 into a central hole of an insulating disc at the top of a supporting and fixing piece of the first ground electrode 11-1, and filling the high-voltage electrode into the low-temperature test cavity 2; the molecular pump 4 is used for vacuumizing the vacuum low-temperature cavity 1, and the mechanical pump is used for vacuumizing the low-temperature test cavity 2. The pure gases N2, CF4 in the cylinder 14 are according to the temperature required for the test: 50K to 120K, the gas is input into a gas buffer tank through a gas distribution pipe according to the corresponding proportion: the molar ratio of N2 to CF4 is 45-90% when the temperature range is 50-80K; the molar ratio of N2 to CF4 is 2-20% when the test temperature is 80-120K. The refrigerator 5 cools the low-temperature test cavity 2 through the cold guide 6; the mixed gas in the gas buffer tank 7 is introduced into the low-temperature test cavity 2 through the gas inlet pipe 8-1 and condensed into liquid; the high-voltage electrode 9 is connected with a high-voltage generator, and a grounding wire of the first ground electrode 11-1 is led out from the sealing plug 12 and grounded. In the test, the electrode tip of the high-voltage electrode and the first ground electrode 11-1 are immersed in the mixed liquid medium, a strong electric field is formed between the high-voltage electrode 9 and the first ground electrode 11-1, and the medium is broken down after exceeding the discharge initial field intensity of the mixed liquid medium. The temperature of the refrigerator 5 and the proportion of the mixed medium are adjusted to obtain the breakdown field intensity of the mixed liquid medium at different temperatures in the temperature range of 50-120K.
As shown in FIG. 4, when the insulating property test of the solid insulating material is performed under the condition of soaking the mixed liquid medium in a wide temperature range, the test component selected by the test device of the invention is the second ground electrode 11-2 coated with the solid insulating material. Penetrating the high-voltage electrode 9 into a central hole of an insulating disc at the top of a supporting and fixing part of the second ground electrode 11-2 coated with a solid insulating material, and filling the central hole into the low-temperature test cavity 2; the molecular pump 4 is used for vacuumizing the vacuum low-temperature cavity 1, and the mechanical pump is used for vacuumizing the low-temperature test cavity 2. Pure gas in the gas cylinder 14 is input into the gas buffer tank 7 through the gas distribution pipe 8-3 according to a certain proportion; the refrigerator 5 cools the low-temperature test cavity 2 through the cold guide 6; the mixed gas in the gas buffer tank 7 is introduced into the low-temperature test cavity 2 through the gas inlet pipe 8-1 and condensed into liquid; the high-voltage electrode 9 is connected with a high-voltage generator, and the grounding wire of the second ground electrode 11-2 coated with the solid insulating material is led out from the sealing plug 12 and grounded. In the test, the electrode tip of the high-voltage electrode and the second ground electrode 11-2 coated with the solid insulating material are immersed in the mixed liquid medium, no gap is left between the high-voltage electrode 9 and the second ground electrode 11-2 coated with the thinner solid insulating material, the breakdown field intensity of the thin solid insulating material can be measured, and the second ground electrode 11-2 coated with the thicker insulating material can measure the surface flashover voltage along the edge of the thick solid insulating material. The temperature of the refrigerator 5 and the proportion of the mixed medium are adjusted to obtain test data such as the breakdown field intensity of the thin solid insulating material, the surface flashover voltage of the thick solid insulating material and the like at different temperatures in a 50-120K temperature region.
As shown in FIG. 5, when the electromagnetic properties of the superconducting tape and the superconducting coil are tested under the condition of soaking the mixed liquid medium in a wide temperature range, the test component selected by the test device is the superconducting tape or the superconducting coil 11-3. The coil connecting terminal of the superconducting tape or the superconducting coil supporting and fixing piece is connected with a high-current lead 10 and then is placed into the low-temperature test cavity 2. The molecular pump 4 is used for vacuumizing the vacuum low-temperature cavity 1, and the mechanical pump is used for vacuumizing the low-temperature test cavity 2. Pure gas in the gas cylinder 14 is input into the gas buffer tank 7 through the gas distribution pipe 8-3 according to a certain proportion. The refrigerator 5 cools the low-temperature test cavity 2 through the cold guide 6; the mixed gas in the gas buffer tank 7 is introduced into the low-temperature test cavity 2 through the gas inlet pipe 8-1 and condensed into liquid; the high current lead 10 is connected to a current source. During the test, the superconducting tape or the superconducting coil 11-3 is immersed in the mixed liquid medium, the current source generates large current, the large current is led to the superconducting tape or the superconducting coil 11-3 through the coil wiring terminal by the large current lead 10, and the characteristics of the current carrying capacity, quench recovery and the like of the superconducting tape and the superconducting coil at different temperatures in a 50-120K temperature range can be measured by adjusting the temperature of the refrigerator 5 and the ratio of the mixed medium.
Claims (5)
1. The wide-temperature-zone liquid medium environment test device based on conduction cooling of a refrigerator is characterized by comprising a vacuum low-temperature cavity (1), a low-temperature test cavity (2), a high-voltage electrode (9), a high-current lead (10), an air inlet pipe (8-1), an air outlet pipe (8-2), a sealing plug (12), a test part (11), the refrigerator (5) and an air distribution system;
The vacuum low-temperature cavity (1) is internally provided with a cold guide (6), a test cavity tray (3) and a low-temperature test cavity (2); the cold guide (6) is a soft pure copper wire, one end of the cold guide is led out from the tail end of a cold head of the refrigerator (5), and the other end of the cold guide is fixed at the bottom of the low-temperature test cavity (2) to provide cold for the low-temperature test cavity (2); the test cavity tray (3) is hung on an inner flange of the upper cover plate of the vacuum low-temperature cavity (1); the low-temperature test cavity (2) is arranged on the test cavity tray (3); the low-temperature test cavity (2) is filled with liquid nitrogen/carbon tetrafluoride which is a mixed liquid medium in a wide temperature range, and the test part (11) is soaked in the liquid nitrogen/carbon tetrafluoride;
The high-voltage electrode (9) and the high-current lead (10) are respectively in an upper section and a lower section, the upper section high-voltage electrode (9) and the upper section high-current lead (10) are fixed on an upper cover plate of the vacuum low-temperature cavity (1) through a wall bushing, and the lower section high-voltage electrode (9) and the lower section high-current lead (10) are fixed on an upper cover plate of the low-temperature test cavity (2) through the wall bushing; the upper section high-voltage electrode (9) and the lower section high-voltage electrode (10) are connected by annealed copper wires; two high-current leads (10) are respectively arranged at two sides of the high-voltage electrode (9); when a high-voltage test is performed, the high-voltage electrode (9) is connected with a high-voltage generator, and a high voltage is applied to the test component (11); when a large current test is carried out, a large current lead (10) is connected with a current source, and large current is introduced into a test part (11);
The air inlet pipe (8-1) and the air outlet pipe (8-2) are respectively in an upper section and a lower section, and are respectively and hermetically fixed at the edge of an upper cover plate of the vacuum low-temperature cavity (1) and the edge of an upper cover plate of the low-temperature test cavity (2), and the upper section and the lower section of the air inlet pipe (8-1) and the upper section and the lower section of the air outlet pipe (8-2) are respectively connected by vacuum hoses; one end of an air inlet pipe (8-1) is inserted into the low-temperature test cavity (2), the other end of the air inlet pipe (8-1) is communicated with a gas buffer tank (7), and mixed gas at room temperature is fed into the low-temperature test cavity (2) from the gas buffer tank (7); one end of the air outlet pipe (8-2) is inserted into the low-temperature test cavity (2), and the other end of the air outlet pipe (8-2) is exposed out of the vacuum low-temperature cavity (1); the air inlet pipe (8-1) and the air outlet pipe (8-2) are provided with valves (13); the gas distribution system comprises a gas distribution pipe (8-3), a gas cylinder (14) and a gas buffer tank (7); the gas distribution pipe (8-3) is connected with the gas cylinder (14) and the gas buffer tank (7), and high-purity nitrogen and carbon tetrafluoride gas in the gas cylinder (14) are input into the gas buffer tank (7) from the gas cylinder (14) according to a certain proportion;
The upper cover plate of the vacuum low-temperature cavity (1) and the upper cover plate of the low-temperature test cavity (2) are fixedly provided with sealing plugs (12) which are used for leading out leads of a sensor in the low-temperature test cavity (2) and grounding wires of the ground electrode;
The wide temperature area is 50-120K;
The test component (11) comprises a first ground electrode (11-1), a second ground electrode (11-2) coated with a solid insulating material and a superconducting tape or a superconducting coil (11-3); the three test parts comprise cylindrical supporting and fixing parts made of epoxy resin or common low-temperature insulating materials, and the supporting and fixing parts are arranged at the bottom of the low-temperature test cavity (2) during test; an insulating disc with a central opening is arranged at the top of the supporting and fixing piece of the first ground electrode (11-1), the aperture of the insulating disc is equal to the outer diameter of the high-voltage electrode rod, and the high-voltage electrode (9) penetrates into the central hole of the insulating disc to face the ground electrode (11-1) during test; the supporting and fixing piece of the second ground electrode (11-2) coated with the solid insulating material has the same structure as the supporting and fixing piece of the first ground electrode (11-1); coil wiring terminals are arranged on two sides of a supporting and fixing piece of the superconducting tape or the superconducting coil (11-3), and are connected with a high-current lead (10) in test, the superconducting tape is coiled along the supporting and fixing piece, and the ends of the superconducting tape are connected with the coil wiring terminals.
2. The test device according to claim 1, wherein the test device performs a wide temperature range mixed liquid medium insulation property test using a first ground electrode (11-1); a molecular pump (4) is used for vacuumizing the vacuum low-temperature cavity (1), and a mechanical pump is used for vacuumizing the low-temperature test cavity (2); pure gases N2, CF4 in the cylinder (14) are according to the temperature required for the test: 50-120K, and is input into a gas buffer tank (7) through a gas distribution pipe (8-3) according to the corresponding proportion: the molar ratio of N2 to CF4 is 45-90% when the temperature range is 50-80K; when the test temperature area is 80-120K, the molar ratio of N2 to CF4 is 2-20%; the refrigerator (5) cools the low-temperature test cavity (2) through the cold guide (6); the mixed gas in the gas buffer tank (7) is introduced into the low-temperature test cavity (2) through the gas inlet pipe (8-1) and condensed into liquid; the high-voltage electrode (9) is connected with the high-voltage generator, and the ground electrode grounding wire is led out from the sealing plug (12) and is grounded; during the test, the electrode tip of the high-voltage electrode and the first ground electrode (11-1) are immersed in the mixed liquid medium, a strong electric field is formed between the high-voltage electrode (9) and the first ground electrode (11-1), and the mixed liquid medium is broken down after the initial field intensity of the discharge of the mixed liquid medium is exceeded; the temperature of the refrigerator (5) and the ratio of the mixed medium can be adjusted to obtain the breakdown field intensity of the mixed liquid medium at different temperatures in the temperature range of 50-120K.
3. The test device according to claim 1, wherein the test device is characterized in that the selected test component is a second ground electrode (11-2) coated with a solid insulating material when the test device is used for testing the insulating property of the solid insulating material under the condition of soaking the mixed liquid medium in a wide temperature range; a molecular pump (4) is used for vacuumizing the vacuum low-temperature cavity (1), and a mechanical pump is used for vacuumizing the low-temperature test cavity (2); pure gas in the gas cylinder (14) is input into the gas buffer tank (7) through the gas distribution pipe (8-3) according to the proportion; the refrigerator (5) cools the low-temperature test cavity (2) through the cold guide (6); the mixed gas in the gas buffer tank (7) is introduced into the low-temperature test cavity (2) through the gas inlet pipe (8-1) and condensed into liquid; the high-voltage electrode (9) is connected with the high-voltage generator, and the grounding wire of the second ground electrode (11-2) coated with the solid insulating material is led out from the sealing plug (12) and grounded; during the test, the high-voltage electrode head and the second ground electrode (11-2) coated with the solid insulating material are immersed in the mixed liquid medium, no gap is reserved between the high-voltage electrode (9) and the second ground electrode (11-2) coated with the solid insulating material, and the breakdown field intensity of the thin solid insulating material and the surface flashover voltage of the thick solid insulating material are measured; the temperature of the refrigerator (5) is adjusted, and the mixed medium ratio can obtain the breakdown field intensity of the thin solid insulating material and the surface flashover voltage of the thick solid insulating material at different temperatures in a 50-120K temperature region.
4. The test device according to claim 1, wherein the test device is used for testing the electromagnetic properties of the superconducting tape and the superconducting coil under the condition of soaking the mixed liquid medium in a wide temperature range, and the selected test component is the superconducting tape or the superconducting coil (11-3); connecting a coil connecting terminal of a superconducting tape or a superconducting coil supporting and fixing piece with a high-current lead (10) and then filling the high-current lead into a low-temperature test cavity (2); a molecular pump (4) is used for vacuumizing the vacuum low-temperature cavity (1), and a mechanical pump is used for vacuumizing the low-temperature test cavity (2); pure gas in the gas cylinder (14) is input into the gas buffer tank (7) through the gas distribution pipe (8-3) according to the proportion; the refrigerator (5) cools the low-temperature test cavity (2) through the cold guide (6); the mixed gas in the gas buffer tank (7) is introduced into the low-temperature test cavity (2) through the gas inlet pipe (8-1) and condensed into liquid; the high-current lead (10) is connected with a current source; during the test, the superconducting tape or the superconducting coil (11-3) is immersed in the mixed liquid medium, the current source generates large current, the large current is led to the superconducting tape or the superconducting coil (11-3) through the coil connecting terminal by the large current lead (10), the temperature of the refrigerator (5) and the proportion of the mixed medium are adjusted, and the current carrying capacity and the quench recovery characteristics of the superconducting tape and the superconducting coil in different temperatures in a 50-120K temperature area can be measured.
5. The test device according to claim 1, wherein the high-voltage electrode comprises an electrode rod and an electrode head, and the bottom of the electrode rod is provided with a threaded hole for replacing the electrode head in different forms so as to obtain electric field conditions with different uniformity degrees.
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