CN108519545B - High-voltage insulator surface flashover experimental device and method under extremely cold condition - Google Patents
High-voltage insulator surface flashover experimental device and method under extremely cold condition Download PDFInfo
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- CN108519545B CN108519545B CN201810569207.9A CN201810569207A CN108519545B CN 108519545 B CN108519545 B CN 108519545B CN 201810569207 A CN201810569207 A CN 201810569207A CN 108519545 B CN108519545 B CN 108519545B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1218—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing using optical methods; using charged particle, e.g. electron, beams or X-rays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
- G01R31/1245—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of line insulators or spacers, e.g. ceramic overhead line cap insulators; of insulators in HV bushings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/20—Preparation of articles or specimens to facilitate testing
Abstract
An experimental device and method for flashover along the surface of a high-voltage insulator under extremely cold conditions belong to the technical field of high-voltage equipment experiments. The device comprises a closed air chamber, a first conducting rod, an equalizing ring, a protection resistor, a high-voltage power supply, a measuring device, a first low-temperature refrigerating device, a second low-temperature refrigerating device, a resistance-capacitance divider and a high-voltage digital voltmeter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-voltage equipment experiments, in particular to a device and a method for testing the surface flashover of a high-voltage insulator under extremely cold conditions.
Background
GIS/GIL equipment is applied from the sixth seventies of 20 th century, is widely operated in all parts of the world, and has a huge application prospect in the field of ultra-high voltage transmission and offshore large-scale wind power transmission. However, GIS/GIL is an insulation conforming system consisting of solid and gaseous media, with the internal gas-solid interface being where the insulation of the whole system is weakest. Under the action of a certain externally applied voltage, creeping discharge tends to occur at the gas-solid interface in the GIS/GIL at first; along with the increase of the pressurizing amplitude and time, the creeping discharge on the gas-solid interface can develop into penetrating breakdown, so that the creeping flashover phenomenon is generated, the normal operation of equipment is influenced, and even insulation accidents are caused. Therefore, the research on the dielectric gas-solid interface flashover characteristic has important significance for improving the operation reliability of the gas-insulated electrical equipment.
The amplitude of China is wide, the climates of all places are very different, extremely cold areas exist in northeast, northwest and other areas of China, and the lowest air temperature in winter can be reduced to below-40 ℃ for a long time. The electrical equipment inevitably operates in extremely cold regions. In order to ensure the reliability of power supply, the insulating material used by the electrical equipment must be able to satisfy the reliable operation of the equipment in extremely cold environments for a long time. Under the extremely cold condition, the GIS/GIL has subzero temperature inside, so that the temperature of the gas and the insulator are unevenly distributed, and the temperature difference is formed between the guide rod and the shell and is increased along with the current rise. Under extremely cold conditions, the temperature inside the GIS/GIL equipment can cause the temperature on the surface of the insulator to change, so that the volume conductivity, the surface conductivity and the dielectric constant of the insulator are changed, and the insulation performance of the insulator is further influenced to cause the insulator to generate surface flashover. At present, the research on the electrical performance of the insulating material in the environment of the extremely cold region is less, the mechanical property and the electrical property of the insulating material are not clear how to change under the low-temperature condition, and the method has important practical significance for the research on the electrical performance of the insulating material in the extremely cold condition in order to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the electrical equipment in the extremely cold region, so that the experimental research on the surface flashover of the high-voltage insulator under the extremely cold condition is urgently needed to be carried out.
The prior high-voltage insulator surface flashover experimental device still has a plurality of defects, only the heating device has no low-temperature cooling device, the actual working condition of the GIS under extremely cold conditions cannot be simulated, when the experiment is carried out in a large air chamber which is completely sealed, the flashover experiment under the conditions of different air pressures and air components cannot be realized, the flashover material is fixed and cannot be replaced, the flashover experiment under one voltage condition can be carried out, the device is not suitable for the experiment under the conditions of multiple voltages such as alternating current, direct current, impact and the like, and the device has certain universality.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention has certain universality, and the invention adopts the mixed solution of deionized water and glycol, namely glycol aqueous solution, as low-temperature circulating fluid to cool the electrodes at the two ends of the flashover insulator, so as to simulate various conditions when the flashover insulator operates under extremely cold conditions, and the glycol aqueous solution has an insulating effect as low-temperature circulating fluid, thereby ensuring the insulativity when the high-pressure hollow electrode flows through.
The invention provides a high-voltage insulator surface flashover experimental device under an extremely cold condition, which comprises a closed air chamber, a first conducting rod, an equalizing ring, a protection resistor, a high-voltage power supply, a measuring device, first low-temperature refrigerating equipment, second low-temperature refrigerating equipment, a resistance-capacitance voltage divider and a high-voltage digital voltmeter, wherein one end of the high-voltage power supply is grounded, the other end of the high-voltage power supply is sequentially connected with the protection resistor and the equalizing ring, the high-voltage end of the resistance-capacitance voltage divider is connected with the equalizing ring, the grounding end of the high-voltage power supply is grounded, and the output end of the high-voltage power supply is connected with the high-voltage digital voltmeter;
the side wall of the closed air chamber is a hollow cylinder, a bottom cover plate is riveted at the opening of the lower end of the hollow cylinder, the bottom cover plate is grounded, a sealing insulator is fixedly sealed at the upper port of the hollow cylinder, a first conducting rod is inserted and connected at the center of the sealing insulator, a equalizing ring is sleeved at the top end of the first conducting rod,
the measuring device a comprises a hollow electrode, a first pressure equalizing cover, a flashover insulator, a low-temperature fluid circulation cylinder, a second pressure equalizing cover, a second conducting rod and a third pressure equalizing cover, wherein the first pressure equalizing cover is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the hollow electrode, the top end of the hollow electrode is in threaded connection with the first conducting rod, the lower end of the first pressure equalizing cover is tightly attached to the upper surface of the middle high-voltage end of the flashover insulator, the low-voltage end of the flashover insulator is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cylinder, and the lower surface of the middle high-voltage end of the flashover insulator is sequentially connected with the second pressure equalizing cover, the second conducting rod and the third pressure equalizing cover;
the bottom end of the cylinder is in threaded connection with a supporting rod, the lower end of the supporting rod is welded with the upper surface of the bottom cover plate, the joint of the cylinder and the low-voltage end of the flashover insulator is in threaded connection with a round hollow ring, the outer wall of the round hollow ring at the joint is inserted with a low-temperature fluid inlet pipe and a low-temperature fluid outlet pipe, and the tail ends of the low-temperature fluid inlet pipe and the low-temperature fluid outlet pipe penetrate through the bottom cover plate to be connected with second low-temperature refrigeration equipment;
an upper screw hole and a lower screw hole are formed in the outer wall of the hollow electrode, a high-temperature fluid inlet pipe and a high-temperature fluid outlet pipe are respectively connected with the screw holes in a screwed mode, an opening is formed in the side wall of the hollow cylinder, the opening is sealed through a plug-in sealing cover plate, two horizontal guide-out through holes are formed in the sealing cover plate, the high-temperature fluid inlet pipe and the high-temperature fluid outlet pipe respectively guide out the tail ends of the high-temperature fluid inlet pipe and the high-temperature fluid outlet pipe through the two guide-out through holes, and the tail ends of the high-temperature fluid inlet pipe and the high-temperature fluid outlet pipe are connected with first low-temperature refrigeration equipment;
the bottom cover plate is provided with an air charging hole, and an air charging pipe is inserted into the hole;
the inner wall of the first low-temperature refrigeration equipment is fixedly provided with a high-temperature fluid tank, the high-temperature fluid tank comprises a first water pump and a first temperature sensor, the first water pump is fixedly connected with a high-temperature fluid inlet pipe, and the first temperature sensor is fixedly connected with a high-temperature fluid outlet pipe;
the inner wall of the second low-temperature refrigeration equipment is fixedly provided with a low-temperature fluid box, the low-temperature fluid box comprises a second water pump and a second temperature sensor, the second water pump is fixedly connected with a low-temperature fluid inlet pipe, and the second temperature sensor is fixedly connected with a low-temperature fluid outlet pipe;
the fluids in the high-temperature fluid tank and the low-temperature fluid tank are mixed liquid of deionized water and ethylene glycol.
The outer side wall of the inflation tube is fixedly provided with a valve.
The method for testing the surface flashover of the high-voltage insulator under the extremely cold condition is realized by adopting the device for testing the surface flashover of the high-voltage insulator under the extremely cold condition according to claim 1, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, vacuumizing air in a closed air chamber, filling gas with certain pressure into the closed air chamber, installing a structure in the closed air chamber, connecting a hollow electrode with a high-temperature fluid inlet pipe and a high-temperature fluid outlet pipe, attaching a flashover insulator to the inner wall of a cylinder, and adding a defect factor influencing the flashover voltage of the insulator to the flashover insulator;
step 2, respectively setting the temperatures of a high-temperature fluid box and a low-temperature fluid box on a first low-temperature refrigeration device and a second low-temperature refrigeration device, starting a refrigeration mode after setting, and refrigerating glycol aqueous solutions in the high-temperature fluid box and the low-temperature fluid box, and simultaneously respectively monitoring the temperatures in the high-temperature fluid box and the low-temperature fluid box by using a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor, wherein when the temperatures are higher than a preset value, the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor send refrigeration signals, and when the temperatures reach the preset value, the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor respectively transmit the temperature signals to the first low-temperature refrigeration device and the second low-temperature refrigeration device, so that the high-temperature fluid box and the low-temperature fluid box stop refrigerating;
step 3, starting the first water pump and the second water pump, continuously inputting glycol aqueous solution into the hollow electrode, cooling the high-voltage end and the low-voltage end of the flashover insulator, applying voltage to the two ends of the flashover insulator by adopting an automatic boosting method after the electrode temperature of the flashover insulator is stable, and monitoring the voltage of the two ends of the flashover insulator in real time by using a high-voltage digital meter;
step 4, after the flashover insulator flashover, measuring and recording the flashover voltage, and immediately reducing the high-voltage power supply to zero;
step 5, sequentially closing the first low-temperature refrigeration equipment, the second low-temperature refrigeration equipment, the first water pump and the second water pump;
step 6, carrying out discharge treatment on the resistor-capacitor voltage divider;
step 7, after the temperatures of the two ends of the flashover insulator and the hollow electrode are restored to normal temperature, disassembling the closed air chamber, observing traces on the surface of the flashover insulator at the defect due to flashover discharge, photographing, and determining that the surface flashover occurs at the defect;
and 8, removing traces on the surface of the flashover insulator, wiping with absolute ethyl alcohol, and repeating the steps until the next experiment is carried out.
According to the automatic boosting method, whether the flashover insulator generates flashover is judged according to whether the high-voltage end and the low-voltage end of the flashover insulator are at required temperatures or not, if the temperatures of the high-voltage end and the low-voltage end of the flashover insulator are not at the required temperatures, the external transformer is regulated to stop pressurizing the two ends of the flashover insulator, and when the high-voltage end and the low-voltage end of the flashover insulator are at the required temperatures, the external transformer is regulated to pressurize the high-voltage end and the low-voltage end of the flashover insulator, if the flashover insulator does not flashover, the temperatures of the high-voltage end and the low-voltage end of the flashover insulator are continued.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention can save the consumption of various gases by adopting a smaller closed air chamber, is convenient to install, can realize flashover experiments under the conditions of different air pressures and gas components, comprises the flashover experiments under the environment-friendly gases and other novel gases, is suitable for various voltage conditions such as alternating current, direct current, impact and the like, and the electric insulator model for flashover can increase experimental conditions such as roughness, surface characteristics, metal particles and the like, so the invention has certain universality, and the invention adopts the glycol aqueous solution as the low-temperature circulating fluid to cool the high-voltage end and the low-voltage end of the flashover insulator, realizes the temperature gradient, simultaneously simulates various conditions under the extremely cold condition, and has the insulation effect by adopting the glycol aqueous solution as the low-temperature circulating fluid, thereby ensuring the insulativity when flowing from the high-voltage hollow electrode, protecting other facilities such as a water pump and the like, and greatly reducing the influence on the experiment because the boiling point of glycol is 197.3 ℃, and simultaneously the device can also perform the flashover experiments along the surface of the insulator under the high-temperature condition.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-voltage insulator surface flashover experimental device under an extremely cold condition;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the measuring device of FIG. 1 according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of oil flow in a circular hollow ring of the high-voltage insulator surface flashover experimental apparatus under extremely cold conditions;
fig. 4 is a voltage regulation flow chart of an automatic voltage regulation method of the high-voltage insulator surface flashover experimental device under the extremely cold condition.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a closed air chamber, 2, a sealed insulator, 3, a first conducting rod, 4, a equalizing ring, 5, a hollow electrode, 6, a first equalizing cover, 7, a high-temperature fluid inlet pipe, 8, a high-temperature fluid outlet pipe, 9, a high-temperature fluid tank, 901, a first water pump, 902, a first temperature sensor, 10, a first low-temperature refrigerating device, 11, a hollow cylinder, 12, a sealed cover plate, 13, a bottom cover plate, 14, an air charging hole, 15, an air charging pipe, 16, an air valve, 17, a low-temperature fluid inlet pipe, 18, a low-temperature fluid inlet pipe, 19, a low-temperature fluid tank, 1901, a second water pump, 1902, a second temperature sensor, 20, a second low-temperature refrigerating device, 21, a supporting rod, 22, a cylinder, 23, a round hollow ring, 24, a flashover insulator, 25, a second equalizing cover, 26, a second conducting rod, 27, a third equalizing cover, 28, a protection resistor, 29, a high-voltage power supply, 30, a resistance-capacitance divider, 31 and a high-voltage digital meter, a and a measuring device.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention,
as shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a high-voltage insulator surface flashover experimental device under an extremely cold condition, which comprises a closed air chamber 1, a first conducting rod 3, an equalizing ring 4, a protection resistor 28, a high-voltage power supply 29, a measuring device a, a first low-temperature refrigerating device 10, a second low-temperature refrigerating device 20, a resistor-capacitor voltage divider 30 and a high-voltage digital voltmeter 31, wherein the first low-temperature refrigerating device 10 and the second low-temperature refrigerating device 20 can freely set temperature intervals, digital display is realized, the resistor-capacitor voltage divider 30 is a universal high-voltage measuring instrument, and the device can be used for measuring power frequency alternating-current high voltage and direct-current high voltage in power system, electric appliance and electronic equipment manufacturing departments. The high-voltage digital meter 31 is matched with the resistor-capacitor voltage divider 30, has the advantages of convenience in use, intuitiveness in display, high measurement precision and the like, one end of the high-voltage power supply 29 is grounded, the other end of the high-voltage power supply 29 is sequentially connected with the protection resistor 28 and the equalizing ring 4, the high-voltage end of the resistor-capacitor voltage divider 30 is connected with the equalizing ring 4, the grounding end of the high-voltage digital meter is grounded, and the output end of the high-voltage power supply is connected with the high-voltage digital voltage meter 31;
as shown in fig. 2, the side wall of the closed air chamber 1 is a hollow cylinder 11, a bottom cover plate 13 is riveted at the opening of the lower end of the hollow cylinder 11, the bottom cover plate 13 is grounded, a sealing insulator 2 is fixedly sealed at the upper port of the hollow cylinder 11, a first conducting rod 3 is inserted and connected at the center of the sealing insulator 2, and a equalizing ring 4 is sleeved at the top end of the first conducting rod 3;
the measuring device a comprises a hollow electrode 5, a first pressure equalizing cover 6, a flashover insulator 24, a low-temperature fluid circulation cylinder 22 and a second pressure equalizing cover 25, wherein the first pressure equalizing cover 6 and the second pressure equalizing cover 25 are made of aluminum materials, so that voltage can be uniformly distributed on the high-voltage side of the flashover insulator 24, a second conducting rod 26 and a third pressure equalizing cover 27, the top end of the hollow electrode 5 is in threaded connection with the first conducting rod 3, the bottom end of the hollow electrode 5 is fixedly provided with the first pressure equalizing cover 6, the lower end of the first pressure equalizing cover 6 is tightly attached to the upper surface of the middle high-voltage end of the flashover insulator 24, the lower-voltage end of the flashover insulator 24 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cylinder 22, and the lower surface of the middle high-voltage end of the flashover insulator 24 is sequentially connected with the second pressure equalizing cover 25, the second conducting rod 26 and the third pressure equalizing cover 27;
the bottom end of the cylinder 22 is in threaded connection with a supporting rod 21, the lower end of the supporting rod 21 is welded with the upper surface of the bottom cover plate 13, the joint of the cylinder 22 and the low-voltage end of the flashover insulator 24 is in threaded connection with a round hollow ring 23, as shown in figure 3, the outer wall of the round hollow ring 23 at the joint is inserted with a low-temperature fluid inlet pipe 17 and a low-temperature fluid outlet pipe 18, the low-temperature fluid inlet pipe 17 and the low-temperature fluid outlet pipe 18 are both made of hard PTFE pipes, can bear the temperature of minus 60 ℃ to plus 260 ℃, accords with the working temperature of low-temperature fluid of minus 40 ℃ to 0 ℃, and the tail ends of the low-temperature fluid inlet pipe 17 and the low-temperature fluid outlet pipe 18 penetrate through the bottom cover plate 13 to be connected with the second low-temperature refrigeration equipment 20;
an upper screw hole and a lower screw hole are formed in the outer wall of the hollow electrode 5, a high-temperature fluid inlet pipe 7 and a high-temperature fluid outlet pipe 8 are respectively connected with the hollow electrode in a screwed manner, the hollow electrode is convenient to cool by fluid, the high-temperature fluid inlet pipe 7 and the high-temperature fluid outlet pipe 8 are made of hard pipes made of PTFE, the high-temperature fluid inlet pipe 7 and the high-temperature fluid outlet pipe 8 can bear the temperature of minus 60 ℃ to plus 260 ℃ and meet the working temperature of high-temperature fluid of minus 20 ℃ to 0 ℃, the PTFE can ensure that the high-temperature electrode is insulated from the hollow cylinder 11, the high-temperature fluid inlet pipe 7 and the high-temperature fluid outlet pipe 8 can not deform and can be bent within a certain range during vacuumizing, an opening is formed in the side wall of the hollow cylinder 11, the opening is sealed by a plug-in sealing cover plate 12, two horizontal leading-out through holes are formed in the sealing cover plate 12, and the tail ends of the high-temperature fluid inlet pipe 7 and the high-temperature fluid outlet pipe 8 are respectively connected with a first low-temperature refrigeration device 10;
the bottom cover plate 13 is provided with an air charging hole 14, and an air charging pipe 15 is inserted into the hole;
the inner wall of the first low-temperature refrigeration equipment 10 is fixedly provided with a high-temperature fluid box 9, the high-temperature fluid box 9 is made of polycarbonate PC plastic, the high-temperature refrigeration equipment has the characteristics of convenient carrying, easy processing and high temperature resistance, the working temperature is between-20 ℃ and 0 ℃, the high-temperature fluid box 9 is placed in the first low-temperature refrigeration equipment 10, the influence of the first low-temperature refrigeration equipment 10 on an experimental result can be ensured to be minimum, the high-temperature fluid box 9 comprises a first water pump 901 and a first temperature sensor 902, the first temperature sensor 902 is mainly composed of a thermistor, the thermistor is composed of metal oxide ceramic, is a temperature sensor with low cost and highest sensitivity, the temperature measuring range is about-50 to 200 ℃, meets the design requirement, and has the advantages of small volume, quick response time and the like, the first water pump 901 is fixedly connected with a high-temperature fluid inlet pipe 7, and the first temperature sensor 902 is fixedly connected with a high-temperature fluid outlet pipe 8;
the inner wall of the second cryorefrigeration device 20 is fixedly provided with a low-temperature fluid tank 19, the low-temperature fluid tank 19 is made of polycarbonate PC plastic, the low-temperature fluid tank 19 comprises a second water pump 1901 and a second temperature sensor 1902, the second temperature sensor 1902 is also composed of a thermistor, the second water pump 1901 is fixedly connected with a low-temperature fluid inlet pipe 17, and the second temperature sensor 1902 is fixedly connected with a low-temperature fluid outlet pipe 18;
the fluids in the high-temperature fluid tank 9 and the low-temperature fluid tank 19 are mixed solutions of deionized water and glycol, wherein the concentration of the glycol is 60%, the freezing point temperature of the glycol can reach-48.3 ℃, and the boiling point of the glycol can reach 197.3 ℃, so that the device can perform an insulator surface flashover test under the high-temperature condition, and meanwhile, the glycol aqueous solution has an insulating effect as a low-temperature circulating fluid.
The experimental method of the high-voltage insulator surface flashover experimental device under the extremely cold condition comprises the following steps:
step 1, vacuumizing air in a closed air chamber 1, filling gas with certain pressure into the closed air chamber 1 for checking the air tightness of the device, installing a structure in the closed air chamber 1, connecting a hollow electrode 5 with a high-temperature fluid inlet pipe 7 and a high-temperature fluid outlet pipe 8, ensuring no leakage of interfaces between the fluid inlet pipe and the hollow electrode 5 and a circular hollow groove 23, attaching a flashover insulator 24 to the inner wall of a cylinder 22, and adding defect factors influencing the flashover voltage of the insulator on the flashover insulator 24;
and 2, vacuumizing the device and filling experimental gas, respectively setting the temperatures of a high-temperature fluid box 9 and a low-temperature fluid box 19 on a first low-temperature refrigeration device 10 and a second low-temperature refrigeration device 20, setting the temperature of the high-temperature fluid box 9 to be-20-0 ℃, setting the temperature of the low-temperature fluid box 19 to be-40-0 ℃, and arranging the first low-temperature refrigeration device 10 and the second low-temperature refrigeration device 20 outside the closed air chamber 1, so that the influence on experiments is reduced, the operation and the control are convenient, after the arrangement is finished, a refrigeration mode is started, the high-temperature fluid box 9 and the ethylene glycol aqueous solution in the low-temperature fluid box 19 are refrigerated, and simultaneously, the first temperature sensor 902 and the second temperature sensor 1902 are used for respectively monitoring the temperatures in the high-temperature fluid box 9 and the low-temperature fluid box 19, when the temperatures are higher than the set temperatures, the first temperature sensor 902 and the second temperature sensor 1902 send refrigeration signals, and when the temperatures reach the set temperatures, the first temperature sensor 902 and the second temperature sensor 1902 respectively transmit the temperature signals to the first low-temperature fluid box 10 and the second low-temperature device 20, so that the high-temperature fluid box 9 and the ethylene glycol aqueous solution in the high-temperature fluid box 19 are stopped, and the high-temperature fluid box 19 is required to be refrigerated, and the high-temperature fluid box 9 is required to be cooled, and the high-temperature fluid box is cooled, and the high temperature fluid box is required, and the high temperature solution and the high temperature device is cooled. Thereby realizing the measurement of the high-voltage insulator surface flashover experiment under the extremely cold condition;
step 3, starting a first water pump 901 and a second water pump 1901, continuously inputting glycol aqueous solution into a hollow electrode, cooling a high-voltage end and a low-voltage end of a flashover insulator 24, monitoring the temperature of the glycol aqueous solution in a high-temperature fluid tank 9 and a low-temperature fluid tank 19 and the working states of the first water pump 901 and the second water pump 1901 in real time, after the electrode temperature of the flashover insulator 24 is stable, applying voltages to two ends of the flashover insulator 24 by adopting an automatic boosting method, and monitoring the voltages of two ends of the flashover insulator 24 by adopting a digital high-voltage digital meter 31 in real time;
step 4, after the flashover insulator 24 is flashover, the flashover voltage is measured and recorded, and the high-voltage power supply 29 is immediately reduced to zero;
step 5, sequentially turning off the first cryocooler 10, the second cryocooler 20, the first water pump 901 and the second water pump 1901;
step 6, discharging the resistor-capacitor voltage divider 30;
step 7, after the temperatures of the two ends of the flashover insulator 24 and the hollow electrode 5 are restored to normal temperature, disassembling the closed air chamber 1, observing traces on the surface of the flashover insulator 24 at the defect due to flashover discharge, photographing, and determining that the surface flashover occurs at the defect;
and 8, removing traces on the surface of the flashover insulator, wiping with absolute ethyl alcohol, and repeating the steps 1 to 7 to perform the next experiment.
As shown in fig. 4, the automatic boosting method is to adjust the external transformer to stop pressurizing both ends of the flashover insulator 24 according to whether the high voltage end and the low voltage end of the flashover insulator 24 are at the required temperature, if the temperature of the high voltage end and the low voltage end of the flashover insulator 24 is not at the required temperature, adjust the external transformer to pressurize the high voltage end and the low voltage end of the flashover insulator 24 when the high voltage end and the low voltage end of the flashover insulator 24 are at the required temperature, determine whether the flashover insulator 24 is in flashover state, and if the flashover insulator 24 is not in flashover, continue the temperature of the high voltage end and the low voltage end of the flashover insulator 24.
Working principle: the invention establishes a closed air chamber 1, and installs a first low-temperature refrigeration device 10 on the outer side wall of a hollow electrode 5 and a second low-temperature refrigeration device 20 on the outer side wall of a cylinder 22, heats a fluid glycol aqueous solution through a high-temperature fluid tank 9 and a low-temperature fluid tank 19 which are installed in the first low-temperature refrigeration device 10 and the second low-temperature refrigeration device 20, enables the fluid glycol aqueous solution to reach a preset temperature through a first temperature sensor 902 and a second temperature sensor 1902, at the moment, opens a first water pump 901 and a second water pump 902, refrigerates the low-voltage end of the flashover insulator 24, records the flashover voltage of a meter after the flashover insulator 24 flashover, and enables the voltage drop of the high-voltage end and the low-voltage end of the flashover insulator 24 to be zero, simultaneously closes the first low-temperature refrigeration device 10, the second low-temperature refrigeration device 20, the first water pump 901 and the second water pump 1901, then utilizes a resistance-capacitance divider 30 to perform discharge treatment on the flashover insulator 24, and after the temperature of the high-voltage end and the low-voltage end of the flashover insulator 24 and the hollow electrode 5 are restored to a preset temperature, the flashover defect is generated at the normal temperature, and the flashover defect is observed at the place of the flashover insulator 24, and the flashover defect is determined at the normal temperature, after the flashover defect is observed, and the flashover defect is generated at the surface is observed.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a high-voltage insulator along face flashover experimental apparatus under extremely cold condition which characterized in that: the device comprises a closed air chamber (1), a first conducting rod (3) and an equalizing ring (4), a protection resistor (28), a high-voltage power supply (29), a measuring device (a), a first low-temperature refrigerating device (10), a second low-temperature refrigerating device (20), a resistor-capacitor voltage divider (30) and a high-voltage digital voltmeter (31), wherein one end of the high-voltage power supply (29) is grounded, the other end of the high-voltage power supply is sequentially connected with the protection resistor (28) and the equalizing ring (4), the high-voltage end of the resistor-capacitor voltage divider (30) is connected with the equalizing ring (4), the grounding end is grounded, and the output end of the resistor-capacitor voltage divider is connected with the high-voltage digital voltmeter (31);
the side wall of the closed air chamber (1) is a hollow cylinder (11), a bottom cover plate (13) is riveted at the opening of the lower end of the hollow cylinder (11), the bottom cover plate (13) is grounded, a sealing insulator (2) is fixedly sealed at the upper port of the hollow cylinder (11), a first conducting rod (3) is inserted and connected at the center of the sealing insulator (2), a equalizing ring (4) is sleeved at the top end of the first conducting rod (3),
the measuring device (a) comprises a hollow electrode (5), a first voltage equalizing cover (6), a high-voltage insulator (24), a low-temperature fluid circulating cylinder (22), a second voltage equalizing cover (25), a second conducting rod (26) and a third voltage equalizing cover (27), wherein the top end of the hollow electrode (5) is in threaded connection with the first conducting rod (3), the first voltage equalizing cover (6) is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the hollow electrode (5), the lower end of the first voltage equalizing cover (6) is tightly attached to the upper surface of the middle high-voltage end of the high-voltage insulator (24), the low-voltage end of the high-voltage insulator (24) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cylinder (22), and the lower surface of the middle high-voltage end of the high-voltage insulator (24) is sequentially connected with the second voltage equalizing cover (25), the second conducting rod (26) and the third voltage equalizing cover (27);
the bottom end of the cylinder (22) is in threaded connection with a supporting rod (21), the lower end of the supporting rod (21) is welded with the upper surface of the bottom cover plate (13), the joint of the cylinder (22) and the low-voltage end of the high-voltage insulator (24) is in threaded connection with a round hollow ring (23), the outer wall of the round hollow ring (23) at the joint is inserted with a low-temperature fluid inlet pipe (17) and a low-temperature fluid outlet pipe (18), and the tail ends of the low-temperature fluid inlet pipe (17) and the low-temperature fluid outlet pipe (18) penetrate through the bottom cover plate (13) to be connected with second low-temperature refrigeration equipment (20);
an upper screw hole and a lower screw hole are formed in the outer wall of the hollow electrode (5), a high-temperature fluid inlet pipe (7) and a high-temperature fluid outlet pipe (8) are respectively connected with the outer wall in a screwed mode, an opening is formed in the side wall of the hollow cylinder (11), the opening is sealed through a plug-in sealing cover plate (12), two horizontal guide-out through holes are formed in the sealing cover plate (12), the high-temperature fluid inlet pipe (7) and the high-temperature fluid outlet pipe (8) are respectively connected with the tail ends of the first low-temperature refrigerating equipment (10) through the two guide-out through holes in a guiding mode, and the tail ends of the high-temperature fluid inlet pipe (7) and the high-temperature fluid outlet pipe (8) are connected with the first low-temperature refrigerating equipment (10);
an air charging hole (14) is formed in the bottom cover plate (13), and an air charging pipe (15) is inserted in the hole;
the inner wall of the first low-temperature refrigeration equipment (10) is fixedly provided with a high-temperature fluid tank (9), the high-temperature fluid tank (9) comprises a first water pump (901) and a first temperature sensor (902), the first water pump (901) is fixedly connected with a high-temperature fluid inlet pipe (7), and the first temperature sensor (902) is fixedly connected with a high-temperature fluid outlet pipe (8);
the inner wall of the second low-temperature refrigeration equipment (20) is fixedly provided with a low-temperature fluid box (19), the low-temperature fluid box (19) comprises a second water pump (1901) and a second temperature sensor (1902), the second water pump (1901) is fixedly connected with a low-temperature fluid inlet pipe (17), and the second temperature sensor (1902) is fixedly connected with a low-temperature fluid outlet pipe (18);
the fluids in the high-temperature fluid tank (9) and the low-temperature fluid tank (19) are mixed liquid of deionized water and glycol.
2. The experimental device for the surface flashover of the high-voltage insulator under the extremely cold condition according to claim 1, wherein a valve (16) is fixedly arranged on the outer side wall of the air charging tube (15).
3. The method for testing the surface flashover of the high-voltage insulator under the extremely cold condition is realized by adopting the device for testing the surface flashover of the high-voltage insulator under the extremely cold condition according to claim 1, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, vacuumizing air in a closed air chamber (1), filling gas with certain pressure into the closed air chamber (1), installing a structure in the closed air chamber (1), connecting a hollow electrode (5) with a high-temperature fluid inlet pipe (7) and a high-temperature fluid outlet pipe (8), attaching a high-voltage insulator (24) to the inner wall of a cylinder (22), and adding a defect factor influencing the flashover voltage of the insulator on the high-voltage insulator (24);
step 2, respectively setting the temperatures of a high-temperature fluid tank (9) and a low-temperature fluid tank (19) on a first low-temperature refrigeration device (10) and a second low-temperature refrigeration device (20), after setting, starting a refrigeration mode, refrigerating glycol aqueous solutions in the high-temperature fluid tank (9) and the low-temperature fluid tank (19), simultaneously respectively monitoring the temperatures in the high-temperature fluid tank (9) and the low-temperature fluid tank (19) by using a first temperature sensor (902) and a second temperature sensor (1902), and when the temperatures are higher than a preset value, sending refrigeration signals by the first temperature sensor (902) and the second temperature sensor (1902), and when the temperatures reach the preset value, respectively transmitting the temperature signals to the first low-temperature refrigeration device (10) and the second low-temperature refrigeration device (20), so that the high-temperature fluid tank (9) and the low-temperature fluid tank (19) stop refrigerating;
step 3, starting a first water pump (901) and a second water pump (1901), continuously inputting glycol aqueous solution into a hollow electrode (5), cooling a high-voltage end and a low-voltage end of a high-voltage insulator (24), applying voltage to two ends of the high-voltage insulator (24) by adopting an automatic boosting method after the electrode temperature of the high-voltage insulator (24) is stable, and monitoring the voltage at two ends of the high-voltage insulator (24) in real time by using a high-voltage digital meter (31);
step 4, after the flashover of the equal-voltage insulator (24), measuring and recording the flashover voltage, and immediately reducing the high-voltage power supply (29) to zero;
step 5, sequentially closing the first low-temperature refrigeration equipment (10), the second low-temperature refrigeration equipment (20), the first water pump (901) and the second water pump (1901);
step 6, carrying out discharge treatment on the resistor-capacitor voltage divider (30);
step 7, after the temperatures of the two ends of the high-voltage insulator (24) and the hollow electrode (5) are restored to normal temperature, disassembling the closed air chamber (1), observing traces on the surface of the high-voltage insulator (24) at the defect due to flashover discharge, photographing, and determining that the surface flashover occurs at the defect;
and 8, removing traces on the surface of the high-voltage insulator (24), wiping with absolute ethyl alcohol, and repeating the steps 1 to 7 to perform the next experiment.
4. The method for testing the surface flashover of the high-voltage insulator under the extremely cold condition according to claim 3, wherein the automatic boosting method is characterized in that whether the flashover occurs to the high-voltage end and the low-voltage end of the high-voltage insulator (24) is judged according to whether the high-voltage end and the low-voltage end of the high-voltage insulator (24) are at required temperatures, if the temperatures of the high-voltage end and the low-voltage end of the high-voltage insulator (24) are not at required temperatures, the external transformer is regulated to stop pressurizing the two ends of the high-voltage insulator (24), when the high-voltage end and the low-voltage end of the high-voltage insulator (24) are at required temperatures, the external transformer is regulated to pressurize the high-voltage end and the low-voltage end of the high-voltage insulator (24), and if the flashover does not occur to the high-voltage end and the low-voltage end of the high-voltage insulator (24) is continued.
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