CN112322003A - Sweet potato starch-based degradable straw and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Sweet potato starch-based degradable straw and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2237—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of titanium
- C08K2003/2241—Titanium dioxide
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/06—Biodegradable
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- C08L2203/00—Applications
- C08L2203/18—Applications used for pipes
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
- C08L2205/035—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend containing four or more polymers in a blend
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/14—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing polymeric additives characterised by shape
- C08L2205/16—Fibres; Fibrils
Abstract
The invention discloses a sweet potato starch-based degradable straw and a preparation method thereof. Firstly, growing titanium dioxide on graphene oxide to prepare antibacterial particles, and crosslinking the antibacterial particles on cellulose to obtain modified cellulose powder; loading cellulose powder on the soybean protein fiber, and performing amino-terminated hyperbranched treatment on the soybean protein fiber through a silane coupling agent to obtain modified soybean protein fiber; performing carboxylation modification on common sweet potato starch; mixing modified soybean protein fiber, modified sweet potato starch, chitosan biguanide hydrochloride and ferulic acid with common sweet potato starch and polylactic acid by using glycerol as a plasticizer, performing extrusion molding under electron beam irradiation, and cooling to obtain a degradable straw based on the sweet potato starch; the production process of the prepared degradable straw has no three-waste discharge, does not pollute the environment, accords with the green and pollution-free environment-friendly products approved by the state, can be naturally degraded when being discarded in the environment, and has certain mechanical property and antibacterial effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of straws, in particular to a sweet potato starch-based degradable straw and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, more and more people are interested in getting a cup of cold drink or hot drink to relax mood when shopping or working, various milky tea shops and fruit tea shops such as bamboo shoots in spring after rain generally fill streets, and the rapid development of the beverage industry brings about the consumption of a large number of suction pipes; the beverage straw used in daily life is mainly made of plastic, is difficult to degrade although the price is low, is very easy to cause the problem of environmental pollution, and does not accord with the national green environmental protection development concept.
In order to relieve the environmental pollution problem caused by common plastic straws, people develop a starch-based plastic straw which takes starch and degradable plastic as main components; starch is a product of green plant photosynthesis, is a natural degradable polymer, and can be decomposed into glucose and then carbon dioxide and water under the action of microorganisms; the starch-based degradable plastic straw prepared by mixing starch and degradable plastic has the advantages of low cost, degradability, no pollution and recyclability.
At present, the preparation methods of the starch-based degradable plastic straw mainly comprise three methods: (1) starch blending plastic straw; (2) filling the plastic straw with starch: the degradable plastic straw is filled by taking the degradable plastic as a main material and taking starch as a filling agent, so that the starch content of the prepared degradable plastic straw is relatively low, the degradation rate is slow, and the problem of environmental pollution is possibly caused; (3) an all-starch plastic straw: the water resistance is poor, the mechanical strength is insufficient, and the degradation speed is difficult to control;
china is a large country for grain production, grain storage is abundant, particularly, the storage time of sweet potatoes is relatively short, a large amount of sweet potatoes are stored improperly every year to cause grain waste, and if the redundant sweet potatoes can be made into a straw, the problem of environmental pollution caused by a plastic straw can be effectively relieved.
Although starch-based degradable plastic straws have various sterilization processes in the processing process, the risk of microorganism propagation still exists in the transportation process and after unsealing, however, the starch-based degradable plastic straws have no antibacterial and bactericidal function in the sweet potato starch or the degradable plastic straws.
In order to solve the problems, people need a degradable straw which is based on sweet potato starch, can effectively inhibit bacteria and has strong mechanical property and a preparation process thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a sweet potato starch-based degradable straw and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problems in the background art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a degradable straw based on sweet potato starch and a preparation method thereof.
A degradable straw based on sweet potato starch comprises the following raw material components: by weight, 20-30 parts of chitosan biguanide hydrochloride, 8-10 parts of common sweet potato starch, 30-60 parts of modified sweet potato starch, 25-35 parts of modified soybean protein fiber, 10-15 parts of glycerol, 12-14 parts of ferulic acid, 60-80 parts of degradable plastic and 8-10 parts of edible pigment.
Furthermore, the modified soybean protein fiber mainly comprises 40-60 parts of soybean protein, 10-15 parts of paraffin, 25-35 parts of modified cellulose and 10-12 parts of silane coupling agent.
Further, the modified cellulose comprises the following raw material components: 25-35 parts of antibacterial particles, 45-65 parts of cellulose, 10-15 parts of a cross-linking agent and 20-35 parts of hexadecyl trimethoxy siloxane.
The cross-linking agent is epichlorohydrin.
Further, the antibacterial particles comprise the following raw material components: the catalyst comprises, by weight, 20-30 parts of graphene oxide, 10-14 parts of hydrochloric acid, 8-10 parts of sulfuric acid and 15-18 parts of titanium tetrachloride.
Further, the degradable plastic is one or more of polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polyvinyl alcohol and polyhydroxyalkanoate; the degradable plastic in the invention is preferably polylactic acid but not limited to polylactic acid.
Further, the preparation method of the modified sweet potato starch comprises the following steps: adding sodium hydroxide and sodium chloride into deionized water, stirring for dissolving, adding common sweet potato starch and epichlorohydrin, stirring for reacting for 3-5h, raising the temperature to 45 ℃, adding monochloroacetic acid, stirring for 3-5h, adjusting the pH value to 5-7, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the modified sweet potato starch.
A preparation method of a degradable straw based on sweet potato starch comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing modified cellulose:
a. preparing antibacterial particles;
b. preparing cellulose powder;
c. preparing modified cellulose;
(2) preparing modified soybean protein fiber:
a. preparing soybean protein fibers;
b. modifying soybean protein fibers;
(3) preparing a straw;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing modified cellulose:
a. preparing antibacterial particles: adding graphene oxide into deionized water, stirring and mixing, ultrasonically dispersing for 1-2h under the condition of nitrogen, sequentially adding hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and titanium tetrachloride, ultrasonically dispersing for 1.5-2.5h, performing hydrothermal reaction at 190 ℃ for 20-28h under 170-plus-one temperature, adjusting the pH value to 6-8, and performing freeze drying to obtain antibacterial particles;
b. preparing cellulose powder: dissolving cellulose in deionized water under stirring, heating to 45-55 deg.C, adding antibacterial particles and cross-linking agent, adjusting pH to 6-8, and freeze drying to obtain cellulose powder;
c. preparing modified cellulose: placing cellulose powder and hexadecyl trimethoxy siloxane in a nitrogen condition for hydrothermal reaction for 4-6h, taking out and drying to obtain modified cellulose;
(2) preparing modified soybean protein fiber:
a. preparing soybean protein fiber: adding soybean protein and paraffin into deionized water, heating in 55-65 deg.C water bath, stirring for 45-65min, adjusting pH to 8.5-9.5, adding modified cellulose, stirring for reaction for 35-55min, and freeze drying to obtain soybean protein fiber;
b. modifying soybean protein fiber, namely adding KH550 into deionized water, stirring and dissolving, adjusting the pH value to 4-5, reacting at 45-55 ℃ for 2-5h, raising the temperature to 55-65 ℃, adding the soybean protein fiber and absolute ethyl alcohol, adjusting the pH value to 8-9, and stirring and reacting for 10-14h to obtain modified soybean protein fiber;
(3) preparing a straw, namely stirring chitosan biguanide hydrochloride, modified sweet potato starch, common sweet potato starch, modified soybean protein fiber, glycerol, ferulic acid and water at 55-65 ℃ for 35-45min, adding polylactic acid and edible pigment, increasing the rotating speed to 1500r/min, stirring for 15-25min, extruding and molding at the temperature of 120-140 ℃, and cooling to obtain the straw.
Further, the whole reaction process in the step (3) is irradiated by using an electron beam, and the irradiation dose is 38 kGy.
Furthermore, the stirring rotation speeds except the special alternate stirring rotation speed are all 100-500 r/min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the antibacterial particles are prepared by reducing graphene oxide by using sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid and reacting the reduced graphene oxide with titanium tetrachloride to generate a reduced graphene oxide compound with a three-dimensional structure, and because the reduced graphene oxide contains a large number of carboxyl and hydroxyl, Ti can be effectively attracted4+Active sites are generated on the reduced graphene oxide to promote the nucleation and growth of titanium dioxide; on one hand, the titanium dioxide grows on the reduced graphene oxide, so that the problems that the titanium dioxide is poor in dispersity and easy to agglomerate can be effectively avoided; on the other hand, the addition of the graphene oxide also plays a certain blocking and limiting role on modified soybean fibers, modified sweet potato starch, common sweet potato starch and polylactic acid macromolecular chains, so that the interface binding force is improved, and the thermal stability and the mechanical property of the sweet potato starch-based degradable straw are effectively enhanced; the titanium dioxide on the graphene oxide can generate electron transition under the condition of electron irradiation to generate a plurality of free radical components, and the free radicals can be separated in the starch-based degradable strawThe subchains freely migrate to initiate variation of vegetative protein of bacterial cell bodies, quickly decompose bacteria to inactivate the bacteria, and then have a synergistic effect with chitosan biguanide hydrochloride specially added into the starch-based degradable straw to ensure that the starch-based degradable straw has continuous sterilization and bacteriostasis performance; after the cellulose powder is prepared, the cellulose powder reacts with hexadecyl trimethoxy siloxane, and the siloxane and hydroxyl on the cellulose powder generate covalent bond action, so that the cellulose powder has certain hydrophobic capacity.
The main components of the cellulose, the common sweet potato starch and the modified sweet potato starch are polysaccharides with similar structures, and the polysaccharides have good compatibility with each other, a large number of hydroxyl groups exist among the modified soybean protein fiber obtained by loading the cellulose on the soybean protein fiber, the common sweet potato starch and the modified sweet potato starch, and hydrogen bonds with strong molecular acting force are formed among the hydroxyl groups, so that the adhesion among interfaces is greatly enhanced, the tensile property and the mechanical strength of the starch-based degradable straw are effectively improved, and meanwhile, the hydrophobic property of the straw is also greatly improved due to the reduction of the hydroxyl groups; ferulic acid is also added in the invention, and the modified soybean protein fiber, the common sweet potato starch and the modified sweet potato starch have more compact structure between molecular chains due to the cross-linking effect of the ferulic acid, so that the intermolecular force is further enhanced, and the mechanical property is greatly improved.
The modified sweet potato starch is prepared by carboxylating and modifying common sweet potato starch by using monochloroacetic acid, and grafting a large amount of carboxyl on a molecular chain of the common sweet potato starch; grafting a large amount of amino on the soybean protein fiber by using a silane coupling agent; the modified soybean protein fiber and the amino groups and the carboxyl groups on the modified sweet potato starch have esterification reaction, the interface adhesion is enhanced, a compact network structure is formed among molecules, the entry of water molecules can be effectively blocked, the prepared starch-based degradable straw has good mechanical property and strong hydrophobic capability, and the problem of softening and decomposition caused by soaking in beverages or other liquids can be solved.
The invention also particularly adds paraffin and glycerol as the plasticizer of the soybean protein fiber and the common sweet potato starch-based degradable straw, and the plasticizer can perform complex reaction with the hydroxyl on the starch-based degradable straw, so that the molecular structure is disordered, the conversion of the soybean protein fiber, the common sweet potato starch and the modified sweet potato starch from a crystalline state to an amorphous state is realized, the rigidity of the starch-based degradable straw is lost, and the plasticity is greatly enhanced; the melting point of the paraffin is about 70 ℃, when the starch-based degradable straw is placed in a hot drink, the paraffin can be melted, so that the starch-based degradable straw can be slightly softened, a customer can be reminded that the temperature of the hot drink is above 70 ℃, the customer can be prevented from being scalded, and the starch-based degradable straw has high practicability.
The common sweet potato starch specially added in the invention mainly enhances the compatibility with various substances and provides active groups such as hydroxyl groups and the like required in the reaction, and the starch-based degradable straw prepared by utilizing the synergistic effect of the modified soybean protein fiber, the modified sweet potato starch, the common sweet potato starch and other raw material components has no three-waste discharge in the production process, does not pollute the environment, accords with the green pollution-free environment-friendly product approved by the country, can be naturally degraded when being discarded in the environment, has good mechanical property and excellent antibacterial property, also has certain hydrophobic and warning capabilities, and has very wide market prospect.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) Preparing modified cellulose:
a. preparing antibacterial particles: adding graphene oxide into deionized water, stirring and mixing, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 1h under the condition of nitrogen, sequentially adding hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and titanium tetrachloride, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 1.5h, performing hydrothermal reaction for 20h at 170 ℃, adjusting the pH value to 6, and performing freeze drying to obtain antibacterial particles;
b. preparing cellulose powder: dissolving cellulose in deionized water under stirring, heating to 45 deg.C, adding antibacterial particles and cross-linking agent, adjusting pH to 6, and freeze drying to obtain cellulose powder;
c. preparing modified cellulose: placing cellulose powder and hexadecyl trimethoxy siloxane in a nitrogen condition for hydrothermal reaction for 4 hours, taking out and drying to obtain modified cellulose;
(2) preparing modified soybean protein fiber:
a. preparing soybean protein fiber: adding soybean protein and paraffin into deionized water, heating in 55 deg.C water bath, stirring for 45min, adjusting pH to 8.5, adding modified cellulose, stirring for reaction for 35min, and freeze drying to obtain soybean protein fiber;
b. modifying soybean protein fiber, namely adding KH550 into deionized water, stirring and dissolving, adjusting the pH value to be 4, reacting for 2 hours at the temperature of 45 ℃, raising the temperature to be 55 ℃, adding the soybean protein fiber and absolute ethyl alcohol, adjusting the pH value to be 8, and stirring and reacting for 10 hours to obtain modified soybean protein fiber;
(3) preparing a straw, namely stirring chitosan biguanide hydrochloride, modified sweet potato starch, common sweet potato starch, modified soybean protein fiber, glycerol, ferulic acid and water at 55 ℃ for 35min, adding polylactic acid and edible pigment, increasing the rotating speed to 1500r/min, stirring for 15min, extruding and forming at 120 ℃, and cooling to obtain the straw. A degradable straw based on sweet potato starch comprises the following raw material components: the composition comprises, by weight, 20 parts of chitosan biguanide hydrochloride, 8 parts of common sweet potato starch, 30 parts of modified sweet potato starch, 25 parts of modified soybean protein fiber, 10 parts of glycerol, 12 parts of ferulic acid, 60 parts of degradable plastic and 8 parts of edible pigment.
Further, the modified soybean protein fiber mainly comprises 40 parts of soybean protein, 10 parts of paraffin, 25 parts of modified cellulose and 10 parts of silane coupling agent.
Further, the modified cellulose comprises the following raw material components: the antibacterial agent comprises, by weight, 25 parts of antibacterial particles, 45 parts of cellulose, 10 parts of a cross-linking agent and 20 parts of hexadecyl trimethoxy siloxane.
The cross-linking agent is epichlorohydrin.
Further, the antibacterial particles comprise the following raw material components: the coating comprises, by weight, 20 parts of graphene oxide, 10 parts of hydrochloric acid, 8 parts of sulfuric acid and 15 parts of titanium tetrachloride.
Example 2
(1) Preparing modified cellulose:
a. preparing antibacterial particles: adding graphene oxide into deionized water, stirring and mixing, ultrasonically dispersing for 1.5h under the nitrogen condition, sequentially adding hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and titanium tetrachloride, ultrasonically dispersing for 2h, performing hydrothermal reaction for 24h at 180 ℃, adjusting the pH value to 7, and freeze-drying to obtain antibacterial particles;
b. preparing cellulose powder: dissolving cellulose in deionized water under stirring, heating to 50 deg.C, adding antibacterial particles and cross-linking agent, adjusting pH to 7, and freeze drying to obtain cellulose powder;
c. preparing modified cellulose: placing cellulose powder and hexadecyl trimethoxy siloxane in a nitrogen condition for hydrothermal reaction for 5 hours, taking out and drying to obtain modified cellulose;
(2) preparing modified soybean protein fiber:
a. preparing soybean protein fiber: adding soybean protein and paraffin into deionized water, heating in water bath at 60 deg.C, stirring for 55min, adjusting pH to 9.0, adding modified cellulose, stirring for reaction for 45min, and freeze drying to obtain soybean protein fiber;
b. modifying soybean protein fiber, namely adding KH550 into deionized water, stirring and dissolving, adjusting the pH value to be 4.5, reacting for 4 hours at the temperature of 50 ℃, raising the temperature to be 60 ℃, adding the soybean protein fiber and absolute ethyl alcohol, adjusting the pH value to be 8.5, and stirring and reacting for 12 hours to obtain modified soybean protein fiber;
(3) preparing a straw, namely stirring chitosan biguanide hydrochloride, modified sweet potato starch, common sweet potato starch, modified soybean protein fiber, glycerol, ferulic acid and water at 60 ℃ for 40min, adding polylactic acid and edible pigment, increasing the rotating speed to 1500r/min, stirring for 20min, extruding and molding at 130 ℃, and cooling to obtain the straw.
A degradable straw based on sweet potato starch comprises the following raw material components: the composition comprises, by weight, 25 parts of chitosan biguanide hydrochloride, 9 parts of common sweet potato starch, 45 parts of modified sweet potato starch, 30 parts of modified soybean protein fiber, 13 parts of glycerol, 13 parts of ferulic acid, 70 parts of degradable plastic and 9 parts of edible pigment.
Further, the modified soybean protein fiber mainly comprises 50 parts of soybean protein, 13 parts of paraffin, 30 parts of modified cellulose and 11 parts of silane coupling agent.
Further, the modified cellulose comprises the following raw material components: 30 parts of antibacterial particles, 55 parts of cellulose, 13 parts of a cross-linking agent and 25 parts of hexadecyl trimethoxy siloxane.
The cross-linking agent is epichlorohydrin.
Further, the antibacterial particles comprise the following raw material components: the coating comprises, by weight, 25 parts of graphene oxide, 12 parts of hydrochloric acid, 9 parts of sulfuric acid and 16 parts of titanium tetrachloride.
Example 3
(1) Preparing modified cellulose:
a. preparing antibacterial particles: adding graphene oxide into deionized water, stirring and mixing, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 2h under the condition of nitrogen, sequentially adding hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and titanium tetrachloride, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 2.5h, performing hydrothermal reaction for 28h at 190 ℃, adjusting the pH value to 8, and performing freeze drying to obtain antibacterial particles;
b. preparing cellulose powder: dissolving cellulose in deionized water under stirring, heating to 55 deg.C, adding antibacterial particles and cross-linking agent, adjusting pH to 8, and freeze drying to obtain cellulose powder;
c. preparing modified cellulose: placing cellulose powder and hexadecyl trimethoxy siloxane in a nitrogen condition for hydrothermal reaction for 6 hours, taking out and drying to obtain modified cellulose;
(2) preparing modified soybean protein fiber:
a. preparing soybean protein fiber: adding soybean protein and paraffin into deionized water, heating in 65 deg.C water bath, stirring for 65min, adjusting pH to 9.5, adding modified cellulose, stirring for reaction for 55min, and freeze drying to obtain soybean protein fiber;
b. modifying soybean protein fiber, namely adding KH550 into deionized water, stirring and dissolving, adjusting the pH value to be 5, reacting for 5 hours at the temperature of 55 ℃, raising the temperature to be 65 ℃, adding the soybean protein fiber and absolute ethyl alcohol, adjusting the pH value to be 9, and stirring and reacting for 14 hours to obtain modified soybean protein fiber;
(3) preparing a straw, namely stirring chitosan biguanide hydrochloride, modified sweet potato starch, common sweet potato starch, modified soybean protein fiber, glycerol, ferulic acid and water at 65 ℃ for 45min, adding polylactic acid and edible pigment, increasing the rotating speed to 1500r/min, stirring for 25min, extruding and forming at 140 ℃, and cooling to obtain the straw.
A degradable straw based on sweet potato starch comprises the following raw material components: by weight, 30 parts of chitosan biguanide hydrochloride, 10 parts of common sweet potato starch, 30 parts of modified sweet potato starch, 35 parts of modified soybean protein fiber, 15 parts of glycerol, 14 parts of ferulic acid, 80 parts of degradable plastic and 10 parts of edible pigment.
Further, the modified soybean protein fiber mainly comprises 60 parts of soybean protein, 15 parts of paraffin, 35 parts of modified cellulose and 12 parts of silane coupling agent.
Further, the modified cellulose comprises the following raw material components: 35 parts of antibacterial particles, 65 parts of cellulose, 15 parts of a cross-linking agent and 35 parts of hexadecyl trimethoxy siloxane.
The cross-linking agent is epichlorohydrin.
Further, the antibacterial particles comprise the following raw material components: the coating comprises, by weight, 30 parts of graphene oxide, 14 parts of hydrochloric acid, 10 parts of sulfuric acid and 18 parts of titanium tetrachloride.
And (3) antibacterial experiment: the antibacterial performance test is carried out according to the method of the test method for the antibacterial performance of the plastic surface (GB/T31402-2015).
And (3) testing compressive strength: respectively placing the straw samples on a compressive strength tester, continuously applying pressure to the middle part of the straw until the straw is deformed and broken, and reading the maximum pressure value.
And (3) testing mechanical properties: the tensile property and the bending property are tested by adopting a universal mechanical testing machine according to the national standards CB/T1040-92 and GB/T9341-2000 respectively. Tensile properties MPA38, bending properties Mpa 72.
Water absorption test: according to the requirements of GB1034-98 test method for water absorption of plastics, the sample is dried in vacuum at 50 ℃ for 48h, weighed and recorded as m1, the sample is placed into distilled water at room temperature of 25 ℃ for soaking for 24h, the sample is taken out, the surface of the sample is wiped by filter paper and weighed again and recorded as m2, and the water absorption rate is calculated.
And (3) testing the degradation rate: weighing the prepared straw sample by adopting a soil experiment method, recording the initial mass as m1, uniformly mixing the straw sample with soil with a certain mass, placing the mixture in an environment, taking out the straw sample after 60 days, weighing to obtain m2, and obtaining the degradation rate of the straw sample according to the following formula;
the degradation rate is (m1-m2)/m1 multiplied by 100%
The test results are shown in the following table:
through comparison experiments on the three groups of examples, the degradable straw based on sweet potato starch with excellent performance can be prepared by each group of examples, wherein the degradable straw sample prepared in example 3 has the best antibacterial capability, mechanical property, degradation rate and hydrophobic property effect and meets the requirements of GB/T8006.1-2009 and GB 4806.7-2016.
| Each property | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 | Comparative example 4 | Comparative example 5 | Comparative example 6 |
| Antibacterial ratio (%) | 35.7 | 32.9 | 29.4 | 95.9 | 0.33 | 0.41 |
| Tensile Property (MPa) | 37 | 19 | 20 | 25 | 38 | 20 |
| Bending property (Mpa) | 70 | 58 | 53 | 55 | 68 | 33 |
| Water absorption (%) | 19.3 | 17.8 | 18.2 | 18.9 | 1 | 22 |
| Degradation Rate (%) | 84 | 83 | 83 | 84 | 5 | 100 |
| Compressive strength (Mpa) | 15.5 | 15.4 | 14.9 | 15.1 | 14.0 | 13.3 |
Comparative example 1
The difference from the embodiment 3 is that the modified soybean protein fiber is loaded with the common cellulose, the prepared degradable straw based on the sweet potato starch has strong water absorption because the common fiber contains a large amount of hydrophilic groups, the prepared straw is easy to soften and decompose when being put into liquid, and meanwhile, the prepared straw has poor antibacterial capability because the common cellulose is not added with antibacterial particles.
Comparative example 2
The difference between the mechanical strength, the antibacterial ability and the hydrophobic ability of the straw and the embodiment 3 is that the modified cellulose is not added in the modified soybean protein fiber, the mechanical property of the prepared straw is poor because the straw is not filled with the cellulose, and the straw is very easy to soften and dissolve because sweet potato starch has strong water absorption, so that the use performance of the straw is affected.
Comparative example 3
The difference from the embodiment 3 is that modified soybean protein fiber is not added in the straw, because the modified soybean protein fiber is lacked to form a stable cross-linked structure with ferulic acid, and the liquid paraffin and the modified cellulose are lacked to plasticize and toughen the straw, the mechanical property, the antibacterial property and the hydrophobic property of the straw prepared are not ideal.
Comparative example 4
The difference from the embodiment 3 is that modified sweet potato starch is not added in the straw sample, amino group grafting is not performed on the soybean protein fiber by using a silane coupling agent, and the prepared straw sample has poor interface bonding force between the soybean protein fiber and common sweet potato starch and insufficient mechanical properties.
Comparative example 5: the common plastic suction pipe used in daily life has poor degradation rate, no antibacterial and bacteriostatic ability and is not environment-friendly enough.
Comparative example 6: the degradation rate of the full-starch straw is difficult to control, the degradation rate in a degradation rate test reaches one hundred percent, but the mechanical property is poor, the water absorption capacity is too strong, and the straw is easy to dissolve in liquid.
From the above data and experiments, we can conclude that: growing titanium dioxide on graphene oxide to prepare antibacterial particles, crosslinking the antibacterial particles onto cellulose, grafting siloxane to obtain modified cellulose powder, wherein free radicals generated by electronic transition of the titanium dioxide have an antibacterial function under the action of electron beam radiation; loading cellulose powder on the soybean protein fiber, and performing amino-terminated hyperbranched treatment on the soybean protein fiber through a silane coupling agent to obtain modified soybean protein fiber; performing carboxylation modification on common sweet potato starch; the mechanical property of the straw is further enhanced by the esterification reaction between the amino on the soybean protein fiber and the carboxyl on the modified sweet potato starch molecule; mixing modified soybean protein fiber, modified sweet potato starch, chitosan biguanide hydrochloride and ferulic acid with common sweet potato starch and polylactic acid by using glycerol as a plasticizer, performing extrusion molding under electron beam irradiation, and cooling to obtain a degradable straw based on the sweet potato starch; the production process of the prepared degradable straw has no three-waste discharge, does not pollute the environment, accords with the green and pollution-free environment-friendly products approved by the state, can be naturally degraded when being discarded in the environment, has certain mechanical property and antibacterial effect, and has practicability.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a degradable straw based on sweet potato starch which characterized in that: the raw material components are as follows: by weight, 20-30 parts of chitosan biguanide hydrochloride, 8-10 parts of common sweet potato starch, 30-60 parts of modified sweet potato starch, 25-35 parts of modified soybean protein fiber, 10-15 parts of glycerol, 12-14 parts of ferulic acid, 60-80 parts of degradable plastic and 8-10 parts of edible pigment.
2. The sweet potato starch-based degradable straw as claimed in claim 1, wherein the degradable straw comprises: the modified soybean protein fiber mainly comprises 40-60 parts of soybean protein, 10-15 parts of paraffin, 25-35 parts of modified cellulose and 10-12 parts of silane coupling agent.
3. The sweet potato starch-based degradable straw as claimed in claim 2, wherein the degradable straw comprises: the modified cellulose comprises the following raw material components: 25-35 parts of antibacterial particles, 45-65 parts of cellulose, 10-15 parts of a cross-linking agent and 20-35 parts of hexadecyl trimethoxy siloxane.
4. The sweet potato starch-based degradable straw as claimed in claim 3, wherein the degradable straw comprises: the antibacterial particles comprise the following raw material components: the catalyst comprises, by weight, 20-30 parts of graphene oxide, 10-14 parts of hydrochloric acid, 8-10 parts of sulfuric acid and 15-18 parts of titanium tetrachloride.
5. The degradable straw based on sweet potato starch as claimed in claim 1, wherein the degradable plastic is one or more of polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polyvinyl alcohol and polyhydroxyalkanoate.
6. The degradable straw based on sweet potato starch as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the modified sweet potato starch is as follows: (1) adding sodium hydroxide and sodium chloride into deionized water, stirring for dissolving, adding sweet potato starch and epichlorohydrin, stirring for reacting for 3-5h, raising the temperature to 45 ℃, adding monochloroacetic acid, stirring for 3-5h, adjusting the pH value to 5-7, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the modified sweet potato starch.
7. A preparation method of a degradable straw based on sweet potato starch is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing modified cellulose:
a. preparing antibacterial particles;
b. preparing cellulose powder;
c. preparing modified cellulose;
(2) preparing modified soybean protein fiber:
a. preparing soybean protein fibers;
b. modifying soybean protein fibers;
(3) and (4) preparing a straw.
8. The method for preparing the degradable straw based on sweet potato starch as claimed in claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing modified cellulose:
a. preparing antibacterial particles: adding graphene oxide into deionized water, stirring and mixing, ultrasonically dispersing for 1-2h under the condition of nitrogen, sequentially adding hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and titanium tetrachloride, ultrasonically dispersing for 1.5-2.5h, performing hydrothermal reaction at 190 ℃ for 20-28h under 170-plus-one temperature, adjusting the pH value to 6-8, and performing freeze drying to obtain antibacterial particles;
b. preparing cellulose powder: dissolving cellulose in deionized water under stirring, heating to 45-55 deg.C, adding antibacterial particles and cross-linking agent, adjusting pH to 6-8, and freeze drying to obtain cellulose powder;
c. preparing modified cellulose: placing cellulose powder and hexadecyl trimethoxy siloxane in a nitrogen condition for hydrothermal reaction for 4-6h, taking out and drying to obtain modified cellulose;
(2) preparing modified soybean protein fiber:
a. preparing soybean protein fiber: adding soybean protein and paraffin into deionized water, heating in 55-65 deg.C water bath, stirring for 45-65min, adjusting pH to 8.5-9.5, adding modified cellulose, stirring for reaction for 35-55min, and freeze drying to obtain soybean protein fiber;
b. modifying soybean protein fiber, namely adding KH550 into deionized water, stirring and dissolving, adjusting the pH value to 4-5, reacting at 45-55 ℃ for 2-5h, raising the temperature to 55-65 ℃, adding the soybean protein fiber and absolute ethyl alcohol, adjusting the pH value to 8-9, and stirring and reacting for 10-14h to obtain modified soybean protein fiber;
(3) preparing a straw, namely stirring chitosan biguanide hydrochloride, common sweet potato starch, modified soybean protein fiber, glycerol, ferulic acid and water at 55-65 ℃ for 35-45min, adding polylactic acid and edible pigment, increasing the rotating speed to 1500r/min, stirring for 15-25min, extruding and molding at the temperature of 120-140 ℃, and cooling to obtain the straw.
9. The method for preparing the degradable straw based on sweet potato starch as claimed in claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) irradiating by using an electron beam in the whole reaction process of the step (3), wherein the irradiation dose is 38 kGy.
10. The method for preparing the degradable straw based on sweet potato starch as claimed in claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the stirring speed is 100-500r/min except the special alternate stirring speed.
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