CN111303492B - Waterproof ultra-light plant fiber composite material applied to degradable dinner plate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Waterproof ultra-light plant fiber composite material applied to degradable dinner plate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/06—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent
- C08J9/08—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent developing carbon dioxide
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
- A47G19/00—Table service
- A47G19/02—Plates, dishes or the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0014—Use of organic additives
- C08J9/0023—Use of organic additives containing oxygen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0061—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof characterized by the use of several polymeric components
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/02—CO2-releasing, e.g. NaHCO3 and citric acid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2301/00—Characterised by the use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08J2301/02—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2403/00—Characterised by the use of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
- C08J2403/02—Starch; Degradation products thereof, e.g. dextrin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2491/00—Characterised by the use of oils, fats or waxes; Derivatives thereof
- C08J2491/06—Waxes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of food packaging materials, in particular to an ultra-light plant fiber composite material with a waterproof function and applied to a degradable dinner plate and a preparation method thereof, wherein the ultra-light plant fiber composite material is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 30-50% of plant fiber, 1-8% of baking powder, 10-30% of nano wax emulsion, 12-25% of glycerol and 10-20% of soluble starch. The invention effectively solves the problems that when the material is used as a dinner plate, the effects of heat preservation, heat insulation and impact resistance are achieved when food is preserved, and simultaneously, the weight of the lunch box is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of food packaging materials, in particular to an ultra-light plant fiber composite material with a waterproof function and applied to a degradable dinner plate and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Nowadays, with the enhancement of the awareness of environmental protection and degradability of people, the development and utilization of plant fiber materials are effectively improved. According to the chemical structure of cellulose, plant fiber materials have more free hydroxyl groups, and according to the principle of similarity and intermiscibility, dinner plates made of the plant fiber materials have strong hydrophilicity, so that the dinner plates are warped, deformed and even cracked, and the high-efficiency utilization of the plant fiber is seriously hindered.
The main measure for improving the water resistance of the degradable plant fiber dinner plate at present is to add a water-proof agent, the water-proof agent mainly used comprises a polyurethane water-proof agent and an acrylic water-proof agent, the two polymers have poor biodegradability and are easy to remain on the surface of the dinner plate, most of the water-proof agents contain fluorine elements, and a large amount of accumulation can cause harm to human health.
The invention with publication number CN109456611A and publication date 2019.03.12 discloses a degradable tableware and a preparation method thereof, wherein the degradable tableware is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200-300 parts of plant fiber pulp, 20-30 parts of edible gum, 30-50 parts of polylactic acid, 20-25 parts of filler, 20-30 parts of stearic acid and 3-8 parts of acrylate. The degradable tableware prepared by the invention adopts plant fiber pulp as a main material, easily degradable polylactic acid, stearic acid and acrylic ester as auxiliary materials, the whole degradable tableware is easy to degrade, and the degradable tableware can be used as an organic fertilizer after being degraded. The present invention focuses more on the degradability of tableware and does not disclose much improvement in the water resistance of tableware.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a biodegradable water-proof ultra-light plant fiber material, and when the material is used as a dinner plate for preserving food, the effects of heat preservation, heat insulation and impact resistance are achieved, meanwhile, the weight of the lunch box is reduced, and the transportation cost is reduced.
Specifically, the inventors provide the following technical solutions:
firstly, the inventor provides an ultra-light plant fiber composite material with a waterproof function, which is applied to a degradable dinner plate and is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
30 to 50 percent of plant fiber,
1 to 8 percent of baking powder,
10 to 30 percent of nano wax emulsion,
12 to 25 percent of glycerin,
10 to 20 percent of soluble starch.
Researches show that the plant fiber and the baking powder (the main components are sodium bicarbonate and tartaric acid) are fully mixed under mechanical stirring, bubbles are generated under the action of high temperature, a large number of cavities are formed inside the material through the air pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the bubbles, the tension of the bubbles and secondary bonds between the plant cellulose interact, and then the ultra-light plant fiber with the density smaller than that of the common plant fiber material is formed; in addition, by observing the nature, the hydrophobic effect of lotus leaves can be achieved when the wax substance on the surface of lotus leaves is in the nanometer size and the contact angle is more than 150 degrees. Therefore, the nano wax emulsion is added in the process of manufacturing the dinner plate by using the ultralight plant fiber, and the ultralight plant fiber waterproof composite material type degradable dinner plate can be obtained.
Preferably, the plant fiber used in the present invention is sugar cane fiber treated fiber pulp with a cellulose content of >99%, lignin and other contents < 1%. Wherein the sugarcane fiber has wide sources and relatively low price.
The baking powder is a composite raising agent, mainly composed of sodium bicarbonate and tartaric acid. When the baking powder contacts with water, the sodium bicarbonate powder and the tartaric acid powder are dissolved in the water at the same time, the sodium bicarbonate powder and the tartaric acid powder are subjected to chemical reaction to release a part of carbon dioxide, and simultaneously, more gases are released in the heating process, and the gases can enable the plant fibers to achieve the effect of expansion. The baking powder used in the invention is produced by Anqi yeast GmbH and is food grade.
The nano wax emulsion used in the present invention was produced by the zeekel group. The addition of the nano wax improves the hydrophobicity of the ultralight plant fiber, and the relative increase of the dosage of the nano wax improves the hydrophobic effect, so that the waterproof capability of the composite material is continuously improved.
The glycerin used in the present invention is produced by the national pharmaceutical group chemical agents limited. The addition of glycerol can enhance the plasticizing effect of the product.
The soluble starch is slightly acid or alkali treated starch, and the starch solution has good fluidity when being hot and can form firm and soft gel when being condensed. The soluble starch used in the present invention is a commercially available product.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the super-light plant fiber composite material with the waterproof function, which is applied to the degradable dinner plate and comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of the plant fiber material:
adding acetic anhydride (10 mL/g) into sugarcane fiber, stirring with magnetic stirrer at 220 deg.C for 1-3 hr, precipitating, filtering, washing to neutrality, oven drying at 50-80 deg.C,
(2) preparing ultra-light plant fibers:
adding distilled water (the mass of the sugarcane fiber: the mass of the distilled water = 1: 5) and soluble starch into the fiber obtained in the step (1), placing the mixture in a water bath at 70-75 ℃, stirring and pasting the mixture, and cooling the mixture to room temperature; adding baking powder into the gelatinized fiber pulp, and stirring with a magnetic stirrer at normal temperature for 15-60 min; then heating to 70 ℃, stirring while heating, stirring for 100-120min to generate a large amount of bubbles and continuously expand the volume of the pasty fiber to obtain a crude product,
(3) preparing the ultra-light waterproof material:
adding the nano wax emulsion into the ultra-light plant fiber successfully foamed in the step (2), and stirring in a water bath kettle; and mixing and stirring the stirred fiber-nano wax emulsion and glycerol, and injecting the mixture into a forming machine for blending and extrusion to obtain the ultra-light plant fiber composite material with the waterproof function, which is applied to the degradable dinner plate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention uses the ultra-light plant fiber and the nano wax made of the baking powder as the waterproof material, thereby not only endowing the waterproof material with biodegradability, but also leading the material to achieve the effects of heat preservation, heat insulation and impact resistance when preserving food, simultaneously reducing the weight of the lunch box and lowering the transportation cost.
(2) The baking powder used in the invention is a swelling agent used for food, has good foaming function, is convenient to obtain, has low cost, and belongs to an economic product.
(3) The materials used in the invention are all materials which are nontoxic and harmless to the environment and have no health threat to human bodies, and can endow the waterproof material with biodegradable performance.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. It should be noted that the following examples are merely representative examples of the present invention. Obviously, the technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and many variations are possible. All modifications which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
In the invention, all parts and percentages are weight units, and all equipment, raw materials and the like can be purchased from the market or are commonly used in the industry, if not specified. The methods in the following examples are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
The preparation method in the embodiment of the invention mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of the plant fiber material:
adding acetic anhydride into water-washed and dried sugarcane fibers according to the proportion of 10mL/g, stirring for 1-3h at the temperature of 180-220 ℃ by using a magnetic stirrer, precipitating, filtering to obtain treated fibers, repeatedly washing to be neutral by using distilled water, drying at the temperature of 50-80 ℃ in a constant-temperature drying box, weighing until the mass difference of two times is less than 0.2mg, and sealing and storing for later use.
(2) Preparing ultra-light plant fibers:
adding distilled water (the mass of the sugarcane fiber: the mass of the distilled water = 1: 5) and soluble starch into the fiber obtained in the step (1), placing the mixture in a water bath at 70-75 ℃, stirring and pasting the mixture for 2 hours, and cooling the mixture to room temperature; adding the baking powder into the gelatinized fiber pulp, and stirring for 15-60min at normal temperature by using a magnetic stirrer to generate a small amount of bubbles; then heating to 70 ℃, stirring while heating, stirring for 100-120min, generating a large amount of bubbles and continuously expanding the volume of the pasty fiber to obtain a crude product.
(3) Preparing the ultra-light waterproof material:
and (3) adding the nano wax emulsion into the ultra-light plant fiber successfully foamed in the step (2), and stirring for 40min in a water bath kettle at 60 ℃ to uniformly disperse the nano wax in a fiber system. And mixing and stirring the stirred fibers and glycerol, injecting the mixture into a forming machine, and blending and extruding to obtain the ultra-light waterproof composite material.
Example 1
1. Weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
42 percent of the sugarcane fiber,
4 percent of baking powder,
18 percent of nano-wax emulsion,
20 percent of glycerin,
16% of soluble starch.
2. The preparation method of the super-light plant fiber composite material with the waterproof function, which is applied to the degradable dinner plate, comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of the plant fiber material:
adding 420mL of acetic anhydride (added according to the proportion of 10mL/g of sugarcane fibers) into the sugarcane fibers which are washed and dried by water, stirring for 2 hours at 200 ℃ by using a magnetic stirrer, precipitating, filtering to obtain treated fibers, repeatedly washing the treated fibers to be neutral by using distilled water, drying the fibers in a constant-temperature drying oven at 70 ℃, weighing until the mass difference of two times is less than 0.2mg, and sealing and storing for later use.
(2) Preparing ultra-light plant fibers:
adding 210mL of distilled water (added according to the proportion of 10mL/g of sugarcane fibers) and soluble starch into the fibers obtained in the step (1), placing the mixture in a water bath at 72 ℃, stirring and gelatinizing for 2 hours, and cooling to room temperature; adding the baking powder into the gelatinized fiber pulp, and stirring for 45min at normal temperature by using a magnetic stirrer to generate a small amount of bubbles; then heating to 70 ℃, stirring while heating, stirring for 100min, generating a large amount of bubbles and continuously expanding the volume of the pasty fiber to obtain a crude product.
(3) Preparing the ultra-light waterproof material:
and (3) adding the nano wax emulsion into the ultra-light plant fiber successfully foamed in the step (2), and stirring for 40min in a water bath kettle at 60 ℃ to uniformly disperse the nano wax in a fiber system. And mixing and stirring the stirred fiber and glycerol, and injecting the mixture into a forming machine for blending and extruding to obtain the ultra-light plant fiber composite material with the waterproof function, which is applied to the degradable dinner plate.
Example 2
1. Weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
45 percent of sugarcane fiber,
6 percent of baking powder,
20 percent of nano-wax emulsion,
15 percent of glycerin,
and 14% of soluble starch.
2. The preparation method of the super-light plant fiber composite material with the waterproof function applied to the degradable dinner plate comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of the plant fiber material:
adding 450mL of acetic anhydride (added according to the proportion of 10mL/g of sugarcane fibers) into the sugarcane fibers which are washed and dried by water, stirring for 1.5h at 210 ℃ by using a magnetic stirrer, precipitating, filtering to obtain treated fibers, repeatedly washing to be neutral by using distilled water, drying at 75 ℃ in a constant-temperature drying oven, weighing until the mass difference of two times is less than 0.2mg, and sealing and storing for later use.
(2) Preparing ultra-light plant fibers:
adding 225mL of distilled water (added according to the proportion of 10mL/g of sugarcane fiber) and soluble starch into the fiber obtained in the step (1), placing the mixture in a water bath at 73 ℃, stirring and gelatinizing for 2h, and cooling to room temperature; adding the baking powder into the gelatinized fiber pulp, and stirring for 50min at normal temperature by using a magnetic stirrer to generate a small amount of bubbles; then heating to 70 ℃, stirring while heating, stirring for 110min, generating a large amount of bubbles and continuously expanding the volume of the pasty fiber to obtain a crude product.
(3) Preparing the ultra-light waterproof material:
and (3) adding the nano wax emulsion into the ultra-light plant fiber successfully foamed in the step (2), and stirring for 50min in a water bath kettle at the temperature of 60 ℃ to uniformly disperse the nano wax in a fiber system. And mixing and stirring the stirred fiber and glycerol, and injecting the mixture into a forming machine for blending and extruding to obtain the ultra-light plant fiber composite material with the waterproof function, which is applied to the degradable dinner plate.
Example 3
1. Weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
38 percent of the sugarcane fiber,
7 percent of baking powder,
23 percent of nano-wax emulsion,
the content of the glycerol is 18 percent,
and 14% of soluble starch.
2. The preparation method of the super-light plant fiber composite material with the waterproof function, which is applied to the degradable dinner plate, comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of the plant fiber material:
adding 380mL of acetic anhydride (added according to the proportion of 10mL/g of sugarcane fibers) into the sugarcane fibers which are washed and dried by water, stirring for 2.5h at 190 ℃ by using a magnetic stirrer, precipitating, filtering to obtain treated fibers, repeatedly washing to be neutral by using distilled water, drying at 70 ℃ in a constant-temperature drying oven, weighing until the mass difference of two times is less than 0.2mg, and sealing and storing for later use.
(2) Preparing ultra-light plant fibers:
adding 190mL of distilled water (added according to the proportion of 10mL/g of sugarcane fiber) and soluble starch into the fiber obtained in the step (1), placing the mixture in a water bath at 76 ℃, stirring and gelatinizing for 2 hours, and cooling to room temperature; adding the baking powder into the gelatinized fiber pulp, and stirring for 48min at normal temperature by using a magnetic stirrer to generate a small amount of bubbles; then heating to 70 ℃, stirring while heating, stirring for 100min, generating a large amount of bubbles and continuously expanding the volume of the pasty fiber to obtain a crude product.
(3) Preparing the ultra-light waterproof material:
and (3) adding the nano wax emulsion into the ultra-light plant fiber successfully foamed in the step (2), and stirring for 50min in a water bath kettle at the temperature of 60 ℃ to uniformly disperse the nano wax in a fiber system. And mixing and stirring the stirred fiber and glycerol, and injecting the mixture into a forming machine for blending and extruding to obtain the ultra-light plant fiber composite material with the waterproof function, which is applied to the degradable dinner plate.
Through detection, the performances of the ultra-light plant fiber composite material with the waterproof function, which is applied to the degradable dinner plate, are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1, the ultra-light waterproof composite material of the present invention has lighter weight, better waterproof performance, better degradability, but the other performances are slightly different from those of the conventional waterproof material. The ultra-light waterproof material achieves the waterproof effect by utilizing the physical characteristics of the nano wax, effectively avoids the harm of a waterproof agent which is not beneficial to degradation and the like to the environment, and better embodies the green environmental protection concept.
Claims (1)
1. The super-light plant fiber composite material with the waterproof function applied to the degradable dinner plate is characterized by being mainly prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 30-50% of sugarcane fiber, 1-8% of baking powder, 10-30% of nano wax emulsion, 12-25% of glycerol and 10-20% of soluble starch,
the plant fiber is fiber pulp after the treatment of the sugarcane fiber, wherein the cellulose content is more than 99 percent, the lignin and other contents are less than 1 percent,
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of the plant fiber material: adding acetic anhydride into sugarcane fibers, stirring for 1-3h at the temperature of 180 ℃ and 220 ℃ by using a magnetic stirrer, precipitating, filtering, washing to be neutral, drying at the temperature of 50-80 ℃ for later use,
(2) preparing ultra-light plant fibers: adding distilled water and soluble starch into the fiber obtained in the step (1), placing the mixture in a water bath at 70-75 ℃, stirring and pasting the mixture, and cooling the mixture to room temperature; adding baking powder into the gelatinized fiber pulp, and stirring with a magnetic stirrer at normal temperature for 15-60 min; then heating to 70 ℃, stirring while heating, stirring for 100-120min to generate a large amount of bubbles and continuously expand the volume of the pasty fiber to obtain a crude product,
(3) preparing the ultra-light waterproof material: adding the nano wax emulsion into the ultra-light plant fiber successfully foamed in the step (2), and stirring in a water bath kettle; and mixing and stirring the stirred fiber-nano wax emulsion and glycerol, and injecting the mixture into a forming machine for blending and extrusion to obtain the ultra-light plant fiber composite material with the waterproof function, which is applied to the degradable dinner plate.
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| CN114960278A (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2022-08-30 | 浙江金晟环保股份有限公司 | Preparation method of plant fiber laminating PHA oil-proof material |
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| CN1032654C (en) * | 1992-06-13 | 1996-08-28 | 池洪 | Pollutionless foaming material |
| CN1165836A (en) * | 1996-05-16 | 1997-11-26 | 林白 | Foaming shaped compound material |
| CN1255508A (en) * | 1999-12-13 | 2000-06-07 | 苏笑海 | Process for producing disposable tableware with full-degradable plant starch |
| CN102372858A (en) * | 2010-08-18 | 2012-03-14 | 陈天云 | Preparation method for starch-based biodegradable plastic |
| CN109988341A (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2019-07-09 | 安徽雁飞粮油有限责任公司 | A kind of wheat stalk degradable dinner set and preparation method thereof |
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| CA2168215A1 (en) * | 1993-07-28 | 1995-02-09 | Ivan Tomka | Reinforced biologically degradable polymer |
| CN101747638A (en) * | 2008-12-02 | 2010-06-23 | 王志军 | Light vegetable fiber foaming and buffering package material and preparation method thereof |
| CN110330694A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-10-15 | 湖南工业大学 | A kind of starch base composite foam material freezing foaming and its preparation |
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