CN112319252A - 环保型车辆及其充电控制方法 - Google Patents

环保型车辆及其充电控制方法 Download PDF

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CN112319252A
CN112319252A CN202010207193.3A CN202010207193A CN112319252A CN 112319252 A CN112319252 A CN 112319252A CN 202010207193 A CN202010207193 A CN 202010207193A CN 112319252 A CN112319252 A CN 112319252A
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battery cells
charging
controller
battery
wireless power
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金度坤
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Corp
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Motors Corp
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Publication of CN112319252A publication Critical patent/CN112319252A/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/62—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to charging parameters, e.g. current, voltage or electrical charge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/12—Recording operating variables ; Monitoring of operating variables
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
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    • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0018—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using separate charge circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/005—Detection of state of health [SOH]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及环保型车辆及其充电控制方法。一种使用充电控制方法的环保型车辆，提高了无线充电效率，并且有效地管理车辆的电池的充电/放电。该环保型车辆包括：无线电力接收器，用于从外部充电装置无线地接收电力；存储器，用于存储多个电池单元中的每个电池单元的状态信息；以及控制器，用于当车辆的引擎处于关闭状态时，通过使用存储在存储器中的状态信息来控制多个电池单元中的每个电池单元的充电顺序。

Description

环保型车辆及其充电控制方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2019年8月1日提交的韩国专利申请第10-2019-0093780号的优先权和权益，其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本公开涉及一种车辆，并且更具体地，涉及一种利用由电池供应的电能进行操作的环保型车辆。
背景技术
本部分中的陈述仅提供与本公开相关的背景信息，并且可能不构成现有技术。
随着环保型车辆的供应增加，许多环保型车辆制造商已经为环保型车辆开发了各种电池充电方法。
在环保型车辆的电池充电方法中，无线充电技术已经引起了广泛的关注。代替通过电缆对装置和环保型车辆进行充电的常规方法，无线充电技术被开发用于环保型车辆。无线充电技术以RF信号的形式无线传输电力，以对环保型车辆的电池进行充电。
作为无线充电技术，使用了利用磁感应现象的无线充电系统。我们已经发现，通过磁场将电流从一个线圈感应到另一个线圈的磁感应方法对线圈之间的距离和相对位置敏感，并且由于外界噪声导致的充电效率很差。
发明内容
本公开提高了环保型车辆的无线充电效率，并且还有效地管理电池的充电/放电。
根据本公开的一个方面，一种环保型车辆包括：无线电力接收器，被配置为从外部充电装置无线地接收电力；存储器，被配置为存储多个电池单元中的每个电池单元的状态信息；以及控制器，被配置为当环保型车辆的引擎处于关闭状态时，使用存储在存储器中的状态信息来控制多个电池单元中的电池单元的充电顺序。
在一种形式中，控制器被配置为：基于每个电池单元的充电状态(SOC)设置多个电池单元中的电池单元的充电顺序，并且在多个电池单元中将充电顺序中的较高优先级设置给具有较低SOC的电池单元。
在另一种形式中，环保型车辆还包括：多个电池平衡单元(cell balancingunits)，分别设置到多个电池单元中的对应电池单元。特别地，控制器基于多个电池单元中的电池单元的充电顺序依次唤醒多个电池平衡单元中的电池平衡单元，并且基于充电顺序控制多个电池单元中的待被充电的每个电池单元。
当完成对多个电池单元中的电池单元的充电时，控制器将被充电的电池单元的电压信息存储在存储器中。
在其他形式中，控制器接收无线电力接收器的操作信息，并且当完成对多个电池单元中的一个电池单元的充电时，通过重置无线电力接收器对多个电池单元中的另一个电池单元进行充电。
在另一种形式中，控制器接收无线电力接收器的操作信息，并且当从操作信息检测到无线电力接收器的异常操作时，通过重置无线电力接收器来将无线电力接收器初始化为正常状态。
在本公开的另一方面中，一种环保型车辆包括：无线电力接收器，被配置为从外部充电装置无线地接收电力，并且包括被配置为选择所接收的电力的频率的比较器；存储器，被配置为存储多个电池单元中的每个电池单元的状态信息；以及控制器，被配置为当环保型车辆的引擎处于关闭状态时，使用存储在存储器中的状态信息来控制比较器的频率选择并控制多个电池单元中的电池单元的充电顺序。
在另一方面中，当控制器控制多个电池单元中的电池单元的充电顺序时，控制器将较高优先级安排给具有较低充电状态(SOC)的电池单元。
在另一形式中，比较器被配置为仅选择大于阈值电压的电压的频带；并且控制器被配置为基于多个电池单元中的每个电池单元的健康状态(SOH)可变地施加阈值电压的幅度。
在另一种形式中，当对多个电池单元中具有100％SOH的电池单元进行充电时，将预定阈值电压的100％施加到比较器；并且当多个电池单元中的电池单元的SOH小于100％时，将与相应电池单元的SOH成比例的小于100％的比率施加到比较器。
环保型车辆还可以包括：多个电池平衡单元，分别设置到多个电池单元中的对应电池单元。特别地，控制器基于多个电池单元中的电池单元的充电顺序依次唤醒多个电池平衡单元中的电池平衡单元，并且基于充电顺序控制多个电池单元中的每个电池单元被充电。
在一种形式中，当完成对多个电池单元中的电池单元的充电时，控制器将被充电的电池单元的电压信息存储在存储器中。
控制器可以被配置为接收无线电力接收器的操作信息，并且当完成对多个电池单元中的一个电池单元的充电时，通过重置无线电力接收器对多个电池单元中的另一个电池单元进行充电。
在另一种形式中，控制器可以被配置为接收无线电力接收器的操作信息，并且当从操作信息检测到无线电力接收器的异常操作时，通过重置无线电力接收器来将无线电力接收器初始化为正常状态。
在本公开的另一个方面，提供了一种环保型车辆的充电控制方法，其中，该车辆包括：无线电力接收器，用于从外部充电装置无线地接收电力，并且包括用于选择所接收的电力的频率的比较器；存储器，用于存储多个电池单元中的每个电池单元的状态信息；以及控制器，用于控制多个电池单元中的电池单元的充电顺序。特别地，该方法包括：通过控制器控制比较器的频率选择；并且当车辆的引擎处于关闭状态时，通过控制器使用存储在存储器中的状态信息来控制多个电池单元中的电池单元的充电顺序。
在控制多个电池单元中的电池单元的充电顺序时，将较高的充电优先级分配给具有较低充电状态(SOC)的电池单元。
在另一种形式中，充电控制方法还包括：通过比较器仅选择大于阈值电压的电压的频带；并且通过控制器基于多个电池单元中的每个电池单元的健康状态(SOH)可变地施加阈值电压的幅度。
当对多个电池单元中具有100％SOH的电池单元进行充电时，将预定阈值电压的100％施加到比较器；并且当多个电池单元中的电池单元的SOH小于100％时，将与电池单元的SOH成比例的小于100％的比率施加到比较器。
充电控制方法还包括：当完成对多个电池单元中的一个电池单元的充电时，通过控制器将被充电的电池单元的电压信息存储在存储器中。
充电控制方法可以包括接收无线电力接收器的操作信息，并且当完成对多个电池单元中的一个电池单元的充电时，通过重置无线电力接收器来对多个电池单元中的另一个电池单元进行充电。
充电控制方法可以包括接收无线电力接收器的操作信息，并且当从操作信息检测到无线电力接收器的异常操作时，通过重置无线电力接收器来将无线电力接收器初始化为正常状态。
本公开的一个方面是提高环保型车辆的无线充电效率并且有效地管理电池的充电/放电。
从本文提供的描述中，进一步的适用性领域将变得显而易见。应当理解，描述和具体示例仅旨在用于说明的目的，而不旨在限制本公开的范围。
附图说明
为了可以很好地理解本公开，现在将参考附图描述其各种形式，以示例的方式给出，其中：
图1是示出环保型车辆的无线充电系统的视图；
图2是示出环保型车辆的无线电力接收器和电池的视图；
图3A、图3B和图3C是示出构成环保型车辆的无线充电接收器的比较器和比较器的电压的视图；
图4A、图4B和图4C是示出无线电力接收器的电压特性的视图；
图5是示出环保型车辆的电池单元充电顺序的确定的视图；以及
图6A和图6B分别是示出环保型车辆的电池充电方法的流程图。
本文描述的附图仅用于说明目的，而不旨在以任何方式限制本公开的范围。
具体实施方式
以下描述本质上仅是示例性的，而非旨在限制本公开、应用或用途。应当理解，在所有附图中，对应的参考数字指示相似或对应的部件和特征。
图1是示出根据本公开的一种形式的环保型车辆的无线充电系统的视图。
无线充电装置120执行电力转换、充电控制、充电等。无线充电装置120包括埋在地下的无线电力发送器122。无线充电装置120与环保型车辆100进行无线通信，以进行充电控制和充电。
根据本公开的一种形式的环保型车辆100设置有电池140和无线电力接收器142。
电池140由通过无线电力接收器142接收的电力充电。
无线电力接收器142通过接收无线电力而使电池140被充电，该无线电力是通过无线充电装置120的无线电力发送器122以RF信号的形式发送以递送到电池140的。
图2是示出根据本公开的一种形式的环保型车辆的无线电力接收器和电池的视图。
无线电力接收器142包括匹配电路212、比较器214、整流器216和DC-DC转换器218。
提供匹配电路212以防止外部无线充电装置120的无线电力发送器122与环保型车辆100的无线电力接收器142之间的阻抗匹配和电力损失。在图2中，“P1”是匹配电路212的输出电压。
提供比较器214以接收匹配电路212的输出电压P1，以增加电压并去除噪声。下面将参考图3至图5更详细地描述比较器214的配置和操作。在图2中，“P2”是比较器214的输出电压。
整流器216接收比较器214的输出电压P2，并将AC电压整流为DC电压。在图2中，“P3”是整流器216的输出电压。
DC-DC转换器218将整流器216的输出电压P3转换为用于对电池140进行充电的DC电压。DC-DC转换器218的输出电压被提供给电池140并用于对电池140进行充电。
电池140包括充电控制器202、多个电池平衡单元252和多个电池单元262。
充电控制器202控制电池140的整体充电。为此，从多个电池平衡单元252接收多个电池单元262中的每个电池单元的状态信息，并将其存储在存储器204中。
另外，充电控制器202从无线电力接收器142的比较器214接收比较器214的操作信息，如果需要则生成重置信号，并且几乎不重置比较器214。例如，当完成一个电池单元262的充电时，充电控制器202可以重置比较器214以对另一个电池单元262进行充电。另外，当比较器214无法正常操作时，充电控制器202可以生成重置信号以硬重置比较器214，并且然后尝试再次充电。
通过接收多个电池单元262中的每个电池单元的状态信息并将其存储在存储器204中，将来，即使在环保型车辆100的引擎关闭状态下，也可以通过检查多个电池单元262中的每个电池单元的状态(电池平衡)来均匀地充电。多个电池平衡单元252获取多个电池单元262中的每个电池单元的状态信息并将该状态信息发送到充电控制器202，并且在充电控制器202的控制下执行多个电池单元262中的每个电池单元的电池平衡。
电池平衡的含义是管理多个电池单元206的充电和放电，如果可能的话，在不偏置任何一个电池单元的情况下，均匀地对所有多个电池单元262进行充电/放电。
通过多个电池平衡单元252中的每个电池平衡单元对多个电池单元262中的每个电池单元进行充电和管理。执行多个电池单元262的每次充电，直到多个电池单元262中的每个电池单元的电压达到第二参考电压。可以针对多个电池单元262中的每个电池单元的不同地设置第二参考电压。例如，由于可充电电压可以根据多个电池单元262中的每个电池单元的健康状态(SOH)和充电状态(SOC)而彼此不同，因此通过改变多个电池单元中的每个电池单元的第二参考电压来执行充电。
图3A、图3B和图3C是示出根据本公开的一种形式的构成环保型车辆的无线充电接收器的比较器和比较器的电压的视图。
如图3A所示，比较器214接收匹配电路212的输出电压P1，并将其与第一参考电压Vref进行比较，并且然后当输入电压P1小于第一参考电压Vref时，放大电阻器Rfb和电容器Cfb。
通过与阈值电压Vth进行比较，当与阈值电压进行比较时，通过电阻器Rfb和电容器Cfb放大的电压302仅作为输出电压P2输出，并且不输出小于阈值电压Vth的电压。
图3B示出了通过电阻器Rfb和电容器Cfb放大的电压302。如图3C可以看出，不输出小于阈值电压Vth的电压304。由于该动作，可以消除包含相似比较器214的输入电力中的噪声分量(小于Vth的部分)。
图4A、图4B和图4C是示出根据本公开的一种形式的无线电力接收器的电压特性的视图。
图4A是示出匹配电路212的输出电压P1的示图。如图4A所示，从匹配电路212输出并输入到比较单元214的电压P1可以具有根据频带具有不同幅度的电压特性。在图4A中，可以看出电压P1包括具有小电压的噪声分量。
图4B是示出比较器214的输出电压P2的视图。如图4B所示，通过阈值电压Vth的作用去除小噪声分量。
图4C是示出整流器216的输出电压P3的视图。如图4C所示，通过在去除噪声分量后进行整流，可以获得良好的整流电压。
图5是示出根据本公开的一种形式的环保型车辆的电池单元充电顺序的确定的视图。
如图5所示，通过施加在多个电池单元中的每个电池单元放电时获得的电流值和电压值，从根据多个电池单元262中的每个电池单元的温度和电流密度的阻抗变化来预测多个电池单元262中的每个电池单元的健康状态(SOH)。
因此，可以预测针对多个电池单元262中的每个电池单元的SOH，并且通过使用所预测的SOH，将比较器214的第一参考电压Vth可变地施加到多个电池单元262中的每个电池单元。可变地施加比较器214的第一参考电压Vth的原因在于，难以将具有短健康状态的电池单元262完全充电到第二参考电压，并且可能需要很长的时间来充电。为了解决该问题，通过预测多个电池单元262中的每个电池单元的SOH值来可变地施加第一参考电压Vth。
例如，如图5所示，如果特定电池单元262的SOH为80％至100％，则当对对应的电池单元262进行充电时，比较器214的第一参考电压Vth为按原样施加的1.0*Vth。如果特定电池单元262的SOH为60％至80％，则当对电池单元进行充电时，比较器214的第一参考电压Vth仅施加0.8*Vth的80％。如果特定电池单元262的SOH为40％至60％，则当对电池单元进行充电时，比较器214的第一参考电压Vth仅施加0.6*Vth的60％。如果特定电池单元262的SOH为20％至40％，则当对电池单元进行充电时，比较器214的第一参考电压Vth仅施加0.4*Vth的40％。
在这种情况下，如图5所示，多个电池单元262中的每个电池单元的充电优先级将较高优先级赋予具有小SOH的电池单元262或具有实际施加到比较器214的第一参考电压Vth的大比率(％)的电池单元。
图6A和图6B是示出根据本公开的一种形式的环保型车辆的电池充电方法的流程图。
识别在关闭环保型车辆100的引擎的同时是否激活无线充电(604)。这里，无线充电的激活包括外部无线充电装置120和无线充电接收器142以及环保型车辆100的电池140的激活。
如果在关闭环保型车辆100的引擎的同时激活无线充电，则充电控制器202通过无线电力接收器142接收无线电力(606)。如果所接收的电力大于第一参考电压Vref(在608中为是)，则充电控制器202将所接收的电力进行整流，并且然后执行DC-DC转换(610)。接下来，充电控制器202识别多个电池单元262中的每个电池单元的当前充电电压(612)。
在这种情况下，当环保型车辆100处于关闭状态并且难以直接测量多个电池单元262中的每个电池单元的充电电压时，充电控制器202可以从存储在存储器204中的多个电池单元262中的每个电池单元的状态信息来识别多个电池单元262中的每个电池单元的充电电压。即，环保型车辆100可以通过参考存储在存储器204中的状态信息，即使在启动关闭状态下，通过检查多个电池单元262中的每个电池单元的充电状态来确定充电顺序。
如果多个电池单元262中的每个电池单元的充电电压小于第二参考电压(在614中为是)，则充电控制器202计算多个电池单元262之间的电压差，并基于计算出的电压差确定多个电池单元262中的每个电池单元的充电优先级(616)。如果多个电池单元262中的每个电池单元的充电电压大于或等于第二参考电压(在614中为否)，则充电控制器202前进到步骤626以停用电池平衡单元252和无线电力接收器142。
当确定多个电池单元262中的每个电池单元的充电优先级时，充电控制器202依次激活多个电池平衡单元252以匹配优先级(618)。通过激活对应的电池平衡单元252，可以对多个电池单元262中的每个电池单元进行充电。
充电控制器202基于以上确定的充电优先级来执行多个电池单元262中的每个电池单元的平衡(充电)(620)。这里，将多个电池单元262中的每个电池单元的充电称为“平衡”，这是因为管理多个电池单元206的充电和放电，使得如果可能，所有多个电池单元262都均匀地充电/放电，而不偏置任何一个电池单元。
如果多个电池单元262中的每个电池单元的电压达到期望的第二参考电压(在622中为是)，则充电控制器202将其中完成充电的电池单元262的电压信息存储在存储器204中(624)。
通过该处理，当以高优先级的顺序完成多个电池单元262中的每个电池单元的平衡(充电)时，充电控制器202停用多个电池平衡单元252和无线电力接收器142，以完成电池140的充电(626)。
所公开的形式仅是技术思想的说明，并且本领域技术人员将理解，在不脱离本公开的情况下，可以进行各种修改、改变和替换。因此，以上公开的示例性形式和附图不旨在限制技术思想，而是描述技术精神，并且技术思想的范围不受形式和附图的限制。

Claims (21)

1.一种环保型车辆，包括：
无线电力接收器，被配置为从外部充电装置无线地接收电力；
存储器，被配置为存储多个电池单元中的每个电池单元的状态信息；以及
控制器，被配置为当所述环保型车辆的引擎处于关闭状态时，使用存储在所述存储器中的所述状态信息来控制所述多个电池单元中的电池单元的充电顺序。
2.根据权利要求1所述的环保型车辆，其中，
所述控制器被配置为：
基于所述每个电池单元的充电状态来设置所述多个电池单元的所述电池单元的充电顺序，并且
在所述多个电池单元中，将所述充电顺序中的较高优先级设置给具有较低充电状态的电池单元。
3.根据权利要求1所述的环保型车辆，还包括：
多个电池平衡单元，分别设置到所述多个电池单元中的对应电池单元，
其中，所述控制器被配置为：
基于所述多个电池单元中的所述电池单元的充电顺序来依次唤醒所述多个电池平衡单元中的电池平衡单元，并且
基于所述充电顺序来控制所述多个电池单元中的待被充电的每个电池单元。
4.根据权利要求3所述的环保型车辆，其中，
当完成对所述多个电池单元中的电池单元的充电时，所述控制器被配置为将已充电的电池单元的电压信息存储在所述存储器中。
5.根据权利要求1所述的环保型车辆，其中，
所述控制器被配置为：
接收所述无线电力接收器的操作信息，并且
当完成对所述多个电池单元中的一个电池单元的充电时，
通过重置所述无线电力接收器来对所述多个电池单元中的另一个电池单元进行充电。
6.根据权利要求1所述的环保型车辆，其中，
所述控制器被配置为：
接收所述无线电力接收器的操作信息，并且
当从所述操作信息检测到所述无线电力接收器的异常操作时，通过重置所述无线电力接收器来将所述无线电力接收器初始化为正常状态。
7.一种环保型车辆，包括：
无线电力接收器，被配置为从外部充电装置无线地接收电力，并且所述无线电力接收器包括被配置为选择所接收的电力的频率的比较器；
存储器，被配置为存储多个电池单元中的每个电池单元的状态信息；以及
控制器，被配置为当所述环保型车辆的引擎处于关闭状态时，使用存储在所述存储器中的状态信息来控制所述比较器的频率选择并控制所述多个电池单元中的电池单元的充电顺序。
8.根据权利要求7所述的环保型车辆，其中，当所述控制器控制所述多个电池单元中的电池单元的所述充电顺序时，所述控制器被配置为将较高优先级安排给具有较低充电状态的电池单元。
9.根据权利要求8所述的环保型车辆，其中：
所述比较器被配置为仅选择大于阈值电压的电压的频带；并且
所述控制器被配置为基于所述多个电池单元中的每个电池单元的健康状态来可变地施加所述阈值电压的幅度。
10.根据权利要求9所述的环保型车辆，其中：
当对所述多个电池单元中具有100％的所述健康状态的电池单元进行充电时，将100％的预定阈值电压施加到所述比较器；并且
当所述多个电池单元中的电池单元的所述健康状态小于100％时，将与相应电池单元的所述健康状态成比例的小于100％的比率施加到所述比较器。
11.根据权利要求7所述的环保型车辆，还包括：多个电池平衡单元，分别设置到所述多个电池单元中的对应电池单元，
其中，所述控制器被配置为：
基于所述多个电池单元中的电池单元的所述充电顺序来依次唤醒所述多个电池平衡单元中的电池平衡单元，并且
基于所述充电顺序来控制所述多个电池单元中的待被充电的每个电池单元。
12.根据权利要求11所述的环保型车辆，其中，
当完成对所述多个电池单元中的电池单元的充电时，所述控制器被配置为用已充电的电池单元的电压信息来更新所述存储器的信息。
13.根据权利要求7所述的环保型车辆，其中，
所述控制器被配置为：
接收所述无线电力接收器的操作信息，并且
当完成对所述多个电池单元中的一个电池单元的充电时，通过重置所述无线电力接收器来对所述多个电池单元中的另一个电池单元进行充电。
14.根据权利要求7所述的环保型车辆，其中，
所述控制器被配置为：
接收所述无线电力接收器的操作信息，并且
当从所述操作信息检测到所述无线电力接收器的异常操作时，通过重置所述无线电力接收器来将所述无线电力接收器初始化为正常状态。
15.一种环保型车辆的充电控制方法，其中，所述环保型车辆包括：无线电力接收器，用于从外部充电装置无线地接收电力，并且所述无线电力接收器包括用于选择所接收的电力的频率的比较器；存储器，用于存储多个电池单元中的每个电池单元的状态信息；以及控制器，用于控制所述多个电池单元中的电池单元的充电顺序，所述方法包括以下步骤：
由所述控制器控制所述比较器的频率选择；并且
当所述环保型车辆的引擎处于关闭状态时，由所述控制器使用存储在所述存储器中的所述状态信息来控制所述多个电池单元中的每个电池单元的充电顺序。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中，
在控制所述多个电池单元中的电池单元的所述充电顺序时，将较高的充电优先级分配给具有较低充电状态的电池单元。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法，还包括：
通过所述比较器仅选择大于阈值电压的电压的频带；并且
由所述控制器基于所述多个电池单元中的每个电池单元的健康状态可变地施加所述阈值电压的幅度。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法，其中，
当对所述多个电池单元中具有100％的所述健康状态的电池单元进行充电时，将100％的预定阈值电压施加到所述比较器；并且
当所述多个电池单元中的电池单元的所述健康状态小于100％时，将与所述电池单元的所述健康状态成比例的小于100％的比率施加到所述比较器。
19.根据权利要求15所述的方法，还包括：
当所述电池单元充满电时，由所述控制器用所述多个电池单元中的电池单元的电压信息来更新所述存储器的状态信息。
20.根据权利要求15所述的方法，包括：
由所述控制器接收所述无线电力接收器的操作信息；并且
当完成对所述多个电池单元中的一个电池单元的充电时，由所述控制器通过重置所述无线电力接收器来对所述多个电池单元中的另一个电池单元进行充电。
21.根据权利要求15所述的方法，包括：
由所述控制器接收所述无线电力接收器的操作信息；并且
当从所述操作信息检测到所述无线电力接收器的异常操作时，由所述控制器通过重置所述无线电力接收器来将所述无线电力接收器初始化为正常状态。
CN202010207193.3A 2019-08-01 2020-03-23 环保型车辆及其充电控制方法 Pending CN112319252A (zh)

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