CN112317692B - Pouring system for casting alloy standard sample and manufacturing method of formwork - Google Patents
Pouring system for casting alloy standard sample and manufacturing method of formwork Download PDFInfo
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- CN112317692B CN112317692B CN202011212199.6A CN202011212199A CN112317692B CN 112317692 B CN112317692 B CN 112317692B CN 202011212199 A CN202011212199 A CN 202011212199A CN 112317692 B CN112317692 B CN 112317692B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/08—Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
- B22C9/082—Sprues, pouring cups
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C7/00—Patterns; Manufacture thereof so far as not provided for in other classes
- B22C7/02—Lost patterns
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/20—Stack moulds, i.e. arrangement of multiple moulds or flasks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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Abstract
The invention is suitable for the technical field of metal material precision casting, and provides a pouring system for casting alloy standard samples, which is characterized in that a pouring cup, a feeding structure which is continuously arranged with the pouring cup, a sprue which is continuously arranged with the feeding structure, a cross runner which is vertically arranged with the sprue and a plurality of ingates which are connected with the cross runner are arranged, the shape of the ingates is consistent with that of a pre-prepared standard sample, and the cross section areas of the pouring cup, the feeding structure, the sprue and the cross runner are sequentially decreased progressively, so that when molten metal is poured from the pouring cup, the gravity difference can be generated, the stable filling can be achieved, the air holes and the loosening defects of castings can be improved, the crystal grains can be refined through improving the temperature field of liquid metal in the solidification process of the molten metal, equiaxial crystal grains can be increased, the defects of segregation and the like can be reduced, the standard samples with uniform tissues can be obtained, and a plurality of standard samples can be obtained through one-time pouring, greatly improving the casting efficiency and saving the production and time cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material precision casting, and particularly relates to a pouring system for casting an alloy standard sample and a manufacturing method of a formwork.
Background
With the proposal of a series of official documents and plans such as the material genome plan in the united states, the material genetic engineering and new-generation intelligent manufacturing plan in china, the industry 4.0 in germany, the industrial innovation 3.0 in korea and the like, the unique challenges and opportunities of the computing material engineering and the strategic blueprint of the integrated intelligent manufacturing which can be born in the future are summarized, and the importance of the digital twin design paradigm of the Integrated Computing Material Engineering (ICME) for accelerating the discovery and application of the novel advanced materials is highlighted. Based on the design paradigm of these advanced materials, material discovery and engineering innovations open up new areas for technological advances, while material innovation gives new technological capabilities to solve problems and promotes significant social progress. It is well known that the digital twin is the digitization of a physical entity, is a new design paradigm of the ICME era, and has been successfully applied to the design and manufacture of airplanes, trains, and engines. ICME is the integration of material-related information by computational tool acquisition of material parameters, engineering product-making performance analysis, and manufacturing process simulation. From an integrated smart manufacturing perspective, the data driven ICME supports a digital twin type design/manufacturing paradigm. New targets, candidate objects and technical schemes can be determined in advance through calculation and simulation, so that research personnel and units can provide marketing strategies or technologies based on acquired knowledge and models at lower cost and in shorter time, the global competitiveness of the marketing strategies or technologies is improved, and the marketing strategies or technologies have important engineering application value and significance.
In the era of digital twin intelligent manufacturing, by combining theoretical design from bottom to top with experimental route from top to bottom and utilizing digital twin intelligent manufacturing technology, new advanced materials are expected to be designed and discovered more efficiently at lower cost. Typical discovery, design, innovation, and manufacture of advanced materials specifically includes ingredients, processes, microstructures, basic properties, and work-enabling properties. Through high-throughput design and preparation processes, obtaining high-quality standard samples is a premise and guarantee for screening optimal candidate materials and establishing a material life cycle database. At present, China makes certain progress in the aspects of advanced metal material high-throughput preparation and novel casting systems and technologies, and the method is beneficial to improving the research and development efficiency and the product quality and reducing the manufacturing cost and the research and development time.
Chinese patent publication No. CN1010153373B discloses "a high-throughput preparation method of a metal material solidification structure", which is to combine paraffin rods with variable cross-section characteristics to fire a corundum mold shell aiming at metal materials such as high-temperature alloy, heat-resistant steel and the like, and carry out directional solidification in a directional solidification furnace by adopting a process parameter continuous variation scheme to prepare samples with different microstructures.
Chinese patent publication No. CN108620538B discloses a high-throughput preparation method of high-temperature alloy material, which realizes the high-throughput preparation of solid/liquid phase change tissue (especially eutectic reaction tissue) samples by a directional solidification method.
Chinese patent publication No. CN109108227A discloses a high-flux preparation method of LaFeSi-based magnetic refrigeration material. In the process of casting the raw material melt into the alloy ingot, the gradient change of the cooling rate generated by the wedge-shaped copper die along the height direction is adopted to obtain the wedge-shaped alloy ingot with the gradient change of the solidified alloy structure. And then annealing treatment is carried out, so that the magnetocaloric effect of the LaFeSi-based bulk magnetic refrigeration material with the NaZn13 type structure has gradient.
Chinese patent publication No. CN104607125B discloses a high-flux combined material preparation device and a preparation method thereof, aiming at a non-metallic inorganic acid salt nano material, the preparation method of the ultrasonic atomization deposition high-flux combined material preparation device and device for preparing the high-flux combined material is realized, and the integration of a large number of material samples on a substrate with a small area is realized. Wherein, the synthesis reaction for preparing the product is limited in the liquid drops generated by atomization, and the particle size of the product can be controlled by adjusting the size of the fogdrops of the precursor mixed solution.
Chinese patent publication No. CN106825504A discloses a high-throughput preparation apparatus and a preparation method thereof suitable for multi-card materials, which are used for studying a high-throughput preparation apparatus and a preparation method of block multi-card materials under multi-master batch and multi-solidification conditions. The device is composed of an integrated spiral feeding system, a centralized induction smelting and vacuum suction casting system, a matched computer control system, a vacuum system and a cooling system. The raw material is high-purity alloy element powder or particles, and the high-flux preparation device is typically characterized by a multi-cooling-speed array type suction casting system. The corresponding suction casting systems are matched according to the number of the crucibles, and all the suction casting molds are uniformly connected to a suction casting vacuum system and controlled by an electromagnetic valve to ensure the same suction casting speed.
Chinese patent publication No. CN1552542A discloses "a casting design method and casting system without air gap for stable filling", which reduces the filling speed by controlling the stability of the filling process to make the molten metal in the casting system in a constantly filled state, thereby preventing the gas and oxide film from being involved in the molten metal to cause cracks and loosening defects. According to the principle of equal flow, the design size of a pouring gate in a casting system is reduced, and the process yield is improved. The non-air-gap stable filling pouring design method is characterized in that (1) the pouring cup is of an eccentric structure, and a boss type port is arranged at an inner opening; (2) the pouring cup is connected with a plug rod system, and the plug rod system is opened when the molten metal is filled to the height of 1/2-2/3 of the pouring cup; (3) the straight pouring channel and the horizontal pouring channel are in arc transition, and a filter screen or a rotary slag collecting bag is added in the horizontal pouring channel to control the casting speed.
Chinese patent publication No. CN102319891B discloses a pouring system for effectively controlling coiled gas slag and a design method thereof, which comprises a tapered sprue with a large upper part and a small lower part and a sprue connected by a smooth circular arc. Meanwhile, a plurality of ingates are connected to the horizontal runner, and the sum of the sectional areas of the ingates is 2-10 times of that of the horizontal runner; the radius of the arc reducing bend is 1-5 times of the equivalent diameter of the sprue, so that stable filling and purity of molten metal are ensured, secondary oxidation, gas entrainment and slag entrainment generated in the casting process of the molten metal are avoided, and the quality of castings is ensured.
Chinese patent publication No. CN107737879A discloses a pouring system suitable for large die set casting and a preparation method thereof, and the pouring system comprises four parts, namely a pouring cup, a sprue, a cross gate and an ingate. The cross section area proportion of the ingate, the horizontal pouring channel and the straight pouring channel is 1: (1.1-1.3): (1.5-2.0); the cross gate is designed into a step shape and has the functions of slag blocking and air filtering; the bottom end of the sprue is provided with a circular sprue pit (1.2-1.4 times of the section diameter of the sprue) to prevent turbulence and splashing. And three layers of transverse runners are arranged from the bottom end to the top end of the sprue, and each layer of the transverse runners is 6 transverse runners radially distributed around the sprue. The preparation method of the large-scale casting system comprises the steps of assembling and welding the wax film on an ingate, and carrying out shell manufacturing and closed casting.
Metallurgical defects have been an important bottleneck that restricts the development and development of high-quality metal materials. Although the prior art has made a certain progress in advanced high-throughput preparation of metal materials and novel casting systems and techniques, the prior high-quality metal materials still have casting defects such as pores, porosity, composition segregation, poor uniformity of structure and inclusion in the pouring process, the prior art also has the above problems in casting of standard samples for mechanical property testing, and the reasonable casting system is required to improve the liquid metal temperature field in the solidification process to refine crystal grains, increase equiaxed crystal grains, reduce segregation and other defects so as to improve the quality of the standard samples.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pouring system for casting an alloy standard sample and a method for manufacturing a formwork for casting the alloy standard sample, and aims to solve the problems of casting defects such as air holes, looseness, component segregation, poor structural uniformity, inclusion and the like of the standard sample manufactured by adopting the pouring system in the prior art.
The invention is realized by the following steps: the pouring system for casting the alloy standard sample comprises a pouring cup, a feeding structure, a sprue and a cross runner, wherein the feeding structure is continuously arranged with the pouring cup, the sprue is continuously arranged with the feeding structure, the cross section area of the sprue, the feeding structure, the sprue and the cross section area of the cross runner are sequentially decreased progressively, the sprue is intersected with the center of the cross runner, a hemispherical sprue pit is arranged at the bottom of the sprue, the pouring system for casting the alloy standard sample further comprises a plurality of ingates which are connected with the cross runner and have the same or different shapes, and the shapes of the ingates are consistent with those of the pre-prepared standard sample.
Specifically, the horizontal runners are provided with two layers, namely an upper layer horizontal runner and a lower layer horizontal runner, the upper layer horizontal runner and the lower layer horizontal runner are arranged oppositely, and two ends of each ingate are respectively connected with the upper layer horizontal runner and the lower layer horizontal runner.
Furthermore, the upper layer horizontal pouring gate comprises a first horizontal pouring channel with a trapezoidal section and a second horizontal pouring channel with a trapezoidal section, the first horizontal pouring channel and the second horizontal pouring channel are arranged in a crossed manner, and the lower layer horizontal pouring gate comprises a third horizontal pouring channel with a square section and a fourth horizontal pouring channel with a square section.
Specifically, the device also comprises a single-helix alloy fluidity sample connected with the bottom of the sprue.
In particular, the ingate may be cylindrical and/or standard tensile bar-shaped and/or plate-shaped.
Furthermore, an exhaust runner is arranged on the cross runner.
In particular, the feeding structure is funnel-shaped.
Furthermore, the sections of the pouring cup and the sprue are both circular, the diameter of the pouring cup is 120mm, and the diameter of the sprue is 50 mm; the width of the widest part of the first transverse pouring channel is 25mm, and the height of the first transverse pouring channel is 20 mm; the third transverse pouring channel is 25mm long and 20mm wide.
Specifically, the edge of the horizontal runner is provided with a round chamfer, and the transition connection part of the horizontal runner and the straight runner is in transition connection with the round chamfer.
A method of making a formwork for casting an alloy master sample, comprising the steps of:
designing a gating system, wherein the configuration of the gating system is the same as that of the gating system for casting the alloy standard sample;
providing a 3D printer, and printing a corresponding wax pattern model by adopting the 3D printer according to the model of the pouring system;
coating a refractory material on the outer surface of the wax mould model to form a coating layer;
after the coating layer is hardened and dried, melting the wax mold model to form a mold blank with a cavity;
and roasting the mold blank to form a mold shell with a cavity.
The invention provides a pouring system for casting alloy standard samples, which comprises a pouring cup, a feeding structure which is connected with the pouring cup, a sprue which is connected with the feeding structure, a horizontal runner which is vertically arranged with the sprue and a plurality of ingates which are connected with the horizontal runner, wherein the shape of the ingates is consistent with that of the standard samples which are prepared in advance, the cross section areas of the pouring cup, the feeding structure, the sprue and the horizontal runner are sequentially reduced, and the center positions of the sprue and the horizontal runner are crossed, so that when molten metal is poured from the pouring cup, a cross section area difference and a gravity difference can be generated from top to bottom, stable filling is achieved, pores and loose defects of castings are improved well, crystal grains can be refined through improving a liquid metal temperature field in the solidification process of the molten metal, equiaxed crystal grains are increased, defects such as segregation are reduced, and standard samples with uniform tissues are obtained, and a plurality of metal standard samples can be obtained through one-time pouring, so that the casting efficiency is greatly improved, and the production and time cost is saved.
The invention provides a method for manufacturing a mould shell for casting an alloy standard sample, which prints a corresponding wax mould model according to a model of a pouring system for casting the alloy standard sample by a 3D printer, coats a hanging layer on the wax mould model, melts the wax mould model after the hanging layer is hardened and dried, thereby obtaining the mould shell with a cavity, integrates an alloy fluidity test sample and the standard sample for pouring, can monitor the fluidity and other related performances of the alloy in the alloy casting process, can manufacture a plurality of standard samples by pouring once, can save the traditional mould pressing tools and corresponding cost, optimizes the designed stepped pouring system, can stably fill the mould from bottom to top, is favorable for removing gas, avoids casting defects of air holes, sand washing, inclusion and the like, and realizes the flexible combination of the alloy fluidity test sample and the standard sample, the method improves the research and development efficiency and the quality of the standard sample, has simple process flow operation and low cost, and can greatly shorten the time for preparing and researching and developing the sample.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a gating system for casting a standard sample of alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is another perspective view of a gating system for casting a standard sample of an alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of a gating system for casting a standard sample of alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of a gating system for casting a master sample of an alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a gating system for casting a standard sample of an alloy according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a method of making a mold shell for casting an alloy master sample according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.
It should be noted that the terms of orientation such as left, right, up, down, etc. in the present embodiment are only relative concepts or reference to the normal use state of the product, and should not be considered as limiting.
Fig. 1 to 6 are schematic diagrams of a gating system for casting a standard sample of an alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a schematic perspective view of a pouring system for casting a standard sample of an alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a pouring cup 10, a feeding structure 20 connected to the pouring cup 10, a sprue 30 connected to the feeding structure 20, and a runner 40 perpendicular to the sprue 30, wherein the pouring cup 10 and the sprue 30 are both configured to be cylindrical structures, the pouring cup 10 is configured to introduce a molten metal, the feeding structure 20 and the sprue 30 are configured to provide a flow channel for the molten metal, the sprue 30 is configured to introduce the molten metal into the runner 40, and cross-sectional areas of the pouring cup 10, the feeding structure 20, the sprue 30, and the runner 40 decrease in sequence, so that a cross-sectional difference and a gravity difference are generated during a process of the molten metal flowing from the pouring cup 10 to the feeding structure 20, the sprue 30, and the runner 40 after melting, therefore, stable mold filling is carried out, air holes and looseness are reduced, the center positions of the sprue 30 and the cross gate 40 are intersected, molten metal in the sprue 30 can flow into the cross gate 40 in a balanced mode, the hemispherical straight gate pit 50 is arranged at the bottom of the sprue 30, turbulent flow and splashing can be prevented due to the arrangement of the straight gate pit 50, specifically, the radius of the maximum radius of the straight gate pit 50 can be equal to that of the straight gate pit 50, in this way, balanced flow of the molten metal can be facilitated, and accordingly a casting blank (standard sample) with a uniform tissue can be obtained, in the embodiment, the pouring system for casting the alloy standard sample further comprises a plurality of inner gates 60 connected with the cross gate 40, the shapes of the inner gates 60 are consistent with those of the pre-prepared standard sample, the shapes of the inner gates 60 can be the same or different, and the inner gates 60 can be flexibly combined and arranged according to the condition of the standard sample prepared according to actual needs, therefore, a plurality of standard samples can be poured out at one time through the pouring system for casting the alloy standard samples, and convenience and rapidness are achieved.
The pouring system for casting the alloy standard sample provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a pouring cup 10, a feeding structure 20 which is continuously arranged with the pouring cup 10, a sprue 30 which is continuously arranged with the feeding structure 20, a runner 40 which is vertically arranged with the sprue 30 and a plurality of ingates 60 which are connected with the runner 40, wherein the shape of the ingates 60 is consistent with that of the standard sample which is prepared in advance, the cross-sectional areas of the pouring cup 10, the feeding structure 20, the sprue 30 and the runner 40 are sequentially reduced in a descending manner, and the center positions of the sprue 30 and the runner 40 are intersected, so that when metal melt is poured from the pouring cup 10, the difference of the cross-sectional area and the difference of gravity can be generated from top to bottom, the stable filling is achieved, the air holes and the loose defects of a casting are excellently improved, crystal grains can be refined and the equiaxial crystal grains can be increased by improving the temperature field of liquid metal in the solidification process of the metal melt, therefore, the defects of segregation and the like are reduced, the standard sample with uniform tissue is obtained, and a plurality of metal standard samples can be obtained through one-time pouring, so that the casting efficiency is greatly improved, and the production and time cost is saved.
As a specific embodiment, the horizontal runner 40 provided in the embodiment of the present invention has two layers, namely, an upper-layer horizontal runner 41 and a lower-layer horizontal runner 42, wherein the upper-layer horizontal runner 41 and the lower-layer horizontal runner 42 are disposed oppositely, and two ends of the inner runner 60 are connected to the upper-layer horizontal runner 41 and the lower-layer horizontal runner 42, respectively. Because the two ends of the ingate 60 are respectively communicated with the upper-layer horizontal pouring gate 41 and the lower-layer horizontal pouring gate 42, and the upper-layer horizontal pouring gate 41 and the lower-layer horizontal pouring gate 42 are communicated with the sprue 30, the upper part and the lower part of the ingate 60 can be ensured to smoothly flow, the liquid filling is uniform, the full filling type is obtained, the standard sample with uniform organization is obtained, and the quality of the standard sample is ensured.
As a preferred embodiment, the horizontal runner 40 is provided with a plurality of exhaust runners 43, and the exhaust runners 43 are provided for exhausting the doped gas and oxide film in the molten metal, so as to further improve the porosity and porosity defects in the metallurgical process and obtain a casting standard sample with a uniform structure.
In a preferred embodiment, the upper layer runner 41 includes a first runner 411 having a trapezoidal cross section and a second runner 412 having a trapezoidal cross section, the first runner 411 and the second runner 412 are arranged crosswise, and the lower layer runner 42 includes a third runner 421 having a square cross section and a fourth runner 422 having a square cross section. Since the first horizontal pouring passage 411 and the second horizontal pouring passage 412 are both trapezoidal, feeding can be performed once again when the molten metal flows into the ingate 60 through the upper horizontal pouring channel 41, so that the problems of porosity and looseness of the standard sample can be further improved. As a specific embodiment, the feeding structure 20 may be configured as a funnel shape, and the configuration of the funnel-shaped feeding structure 20 may reduce the gap between the molten metal poured in the pouring cup 10, thereby reducing the porosity and porosity of the standard sample, and meanwhile, the molten metal may obtain a relatively gentle flow channel during pouring, thereby preventing the molten metal from flowing backwards and splashing outwards.
As a first specific example, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, 4 cylindrical ingates 61, 2 standard tensile test bar-shaped ingates 62 and 2 plate-shaped ingates 63 may be symmetrically disposed below the first horizontal pouring channel 411 and the second horizontal pouring channel 412, specifically, the standard tensile test bar-shaped ingate 62 is disposed at a position close to the sprue 30, and the plate-shaped ingate 63 is disposed at a position far from the sprue 30, so that 8 cylindrical standard samples, 4 standard tensile test bar-shaped standard samples and 4 plate-shaped standard samples can be simultaneously obtained by one-time pouring, and thus, mechanical property test samples of various specifications can be efficiently and rapidly prepared.
In a specific embodiment, the diameter of the cylindrical inner pouring gate 61 may be 14.5mm, the axial length of the cylindrical inner pouring gate may be 170mm, the plate-shaped inner pouring gate 63 may be 5 × 30 × 170mm, the standard tensile bar-shaped inner pouring gate 62 includes a clamping section 621 at two ends, a gauge section 622 in the middle, and a tensile section 623, wherein the diameters of the clamping section 621 and the tensile section 623 may be 14.5mm, the length S1 of the clamping section 621 is 30mm, the diameter of the gauge section 622 is 8mm, the length S2 is 35mm, the length of the tensile section 623 is 40mm, and a machining allowance of 2-2.5 mm is reserved at the end of the gauge section 622. The gating system provided by the embodiment of the invention can prepare a plurality of mechanical test samples meeting the national standard, the aviation standard and the industry standard design size at one time, the obtained standard test samples are uniform in organization, the manufactured samples have allowance, only a small machining amount is left, and the gating system is convenient and rapid to prepare and low in cost.
As a specific embodiment, referring to fig. 3 and 4, when the tundish 10 and the sprue 30 are provided in a cylindrical shape having a circular section, the diameter D1 of the tundish 10 may be provided to be 120mm, and the diameter D2 of the sprue 30 may be provided to be 50 mm; the width a of the widest part of the first horizontal pouring channel 411 is 25mm, the height h thereof is 20mm, and the second horizontal pouring channel 412 can be set to have the same size as the first horizontal pouring channel 411; the third horizontal pouring channel 421 has a length L of 25mm and a width D3 of 20mm, and the fourth horizontal pouring channel 422 can have the same dimensions as the third horizontal pouring channel 421, so that by setting reasonable cross-sectional dimensions for the runners, when the molten metal flows into the feeding structure 20, the sprue 30, and the horizontal runner 40 from the tundish 10 in sequence, the temperature field of the molten metal can be controlled within a reasonable range during solidification of the molten metal, thereby refining grains, increasing equiaxed grains, reducing segregation and other defects, and obtaining a standard sample with higher quality.
As a specific implementation manner, referring to fig. 4, the pouring system for casting the standard sample of the alloy according to this embodiment further includes a single-spiral line alloy fluidity sample 70 connected to the bottom of the sprue 30, so that the fluidity of the molten metal can be directly tested during pouring to monitor the pouring flow rate and obtain related parameters of the fluidity of the alloy, thereby ensuring the temperature control of the liquid metal temperature field during the solidification process and the quality of the poured standard sample according to the related parameters and the pouring speed.
In a specific embodiment, the single-helix alloy fluidity test sample 70 has a cross-sectional dimension of 10 × 6 mm, a plurality of position gauge length columns 71 are arranged on the top of the single-helix alloy fluidity test sample, and the arc distance between two adjacent position gauge length columns 71 is 50 mm.
As another embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, 6 cylindrical ingates 61 and 2 plate-shaped ingates 63 may be symmetrically disposed below the first horizontal pouring channel 411 and the second horizontal pouring channel 412, and the plate-shaped ingates 63 may be disposed at positions close to the sprue 30, so that 16 cylindrical standard samples and 4 plate-shaped standard samples may be obtained at the same time by one-time pouring to meet various requirements. It should be noted that, in the present invention, the number and the arrangement combination of the ingates 60 are not limited to the two embodiments described above, and the number and the arrangement combination can be freely combined, arranged and configured according to the actual requirement.
As a specific embodiment, for the requirement of vacuum consumable melting of some rare metal materials, such as Fe — Al intermetallic compound, refractory metal and alloy, the diameter of the sprue 30 can be set to 50mm to match the electrode size of the vacuum consumable melting equipment, so that wire-cutting sample preparation can be avoided and the machining amount can be reduced, the preparation time and manufacturing cost can be greatly reduced, and a rod-shaped standard sample of higher quality raw material can be obtained.
As a preferred embodiment, the edge of the horizontal runner 40 may be configured as a round chamfer transition, and the transition connection between the horizontal runner 40 and the straight runner 30 may also be configured as a round chamfer transition connection, so that the molten metal can flow more smoothly, and is in a full-filling state at any time during the pouring process, thereby avoiding the entrainment of gas and oxide film.
Embodiments of the present invention also provide a method of manufacturing a formwork for casting an alloy standard specimen, see fig. 6, comprising the steps of:
a gating system is designed which is identical in construction to the gating system described above for casting a standard specimen of alloy.
Providing a 3D printer, and printing a corresponding wax pattern model by adopting the 3D printer according to the model of the pouring system;
coating a refractory material on the outer surface of the wax mould model, wherein a coating layer can be formed by adopting the refractory materials such as quartz sand, slurry and the like;
after the coating layer is hardened and dried, melting off the wax mold model in a heating mode to form a mold blank with a cavity, wherein the shape of the cavity of the mold blank is the same as that of the pouring system for casting the alloy standard sample;
and roasting the mold blank to form a mold shell with a cavity, and casting and pouring by using the mold shell to obtain a plurality of standard samples with higher casting quality.
Aiming at the requirement of high-flux preparation technology of high-quality bulk metal materials and standard samples, the stepped casting system is optimally designed by integrating the casting performance fluidity test sample and the standard sample of the metal materials, and the casting system is stably filled from bottom to top, so that the stepped casting system is favorable for removing gas and avoiding casting defects such as air holes, sand washing, inclusions and the like, the flexible combination of the casting performance fluidity test sample and the standard sample is realized, the research and development efficiency and the quality of the standard sample are improved, and the manufacturing cost and the research and development time are reduced. In addition, the method can efficiently and conveniently provide small-batch and high-quality samples for subsequent refining, thermal deformation processing (rolling, forging, extruding, drawing and the like) and mechanical property testing (stretching, compressing, fatigue, creep). The pouring system for casting the alloy standard sample provided by the embodiment of the invention can be used for preparing the wax mould or the evaporative model core of the pouring system by a 3D printing technology, then preparing the mould shell for casting the alloy standard sample by coating, dewaxing and roasting, has high manufacturing precision, has the characteristics of flexible and convenient combination of the combination form of the inner pouring channel, has low manufacturing cost and simple operation of the process flow compared with the traditional die tool, can greatly shorten the sample research and development and preparation time of a mechanical test sample, improves the research and development efficiency, reduces the research and development cost, and conveniently and quickly realizes the digital twinning of the integrated pouring system and the preparation of the sample.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents or improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A gating system for casting alloy standard samples is characterized in that: the pouring system for casting the alloy standard sample further comprises a plurality of ingates which are the same in shape and/or different from the horizontal pouring channel, wherein the shape of each ingate is consistent with that of the pre-prepared standard sample; the pouring system for casting the alloy standard sample further comprises a single-helix alloy fluidity sample connected with the bottom of the sprue; the cross sections of the pouring cup and the sprue are circular, the diameter of the pouring cup is 120mm, the diameter of the sprue is 50mm, the width of the widest part of the first transverse pouring channel is 25mm, and the height of the first transverse pouring channel is 20 mm.
2. The gating system for casting a master sample of an alloy according to claim 1, wherein: and two ends of each ingate are respectively connected with the upper-layer horizontal pouring gate and the lower-layer horizontal pouring gate.
3. The gating system for casting a master sample of alloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the lower layer cross gate comprises a third cross pouring channel with a square cross section and a fourth cross pouring channel with a square cross section.
4. The gating system for casting a master sample of an alloy according to claim 1, wherein: the ingate can be cylindrical and/or standard tensile bar-shaped and/or plate-shaped.
5. The gating system for casting a master sample of an alloy according to claim 1, wherein: and an exhaust runner is arranged on the cross runner.
6. The gating system for casting a master sample of an alloy according to claim 1, wherein: the feeding structure is funnel-shaped.
7. A gating system for casting a master sample of alloy as defined in claim 3, wherein: the third transverse pouring channel is 25mm long and 20mm wide.
8. The gating system for casting a master sample of an alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the edge of the horizontal pouring gate is provided with a round chamfer, and the transition connection part of the horizontal pouring gate and the straight pouring gate is in transition connection with the round chamfer.
9. A method of making a mold shell for casting an alloy master sample, comprising the steps of:
designing a gating system having the same configuration as the gating system for casting a standard sample of alloy of claim 8;
providing a 3D printer, and printing a corresponding wax pattern model by adopting the 3D printer according to the model of the pouring system;
coating a refractory material on the outer surface of the wax mould model to form a coating layer;
after the coating layer is hardened and dried, melting the wax mold model to form a mold blank with a cavity;
and roasting the mold blank to form a mold shell with a cavity.
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| CN114905006B (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2024-07-16 | 中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司 | Preparation method and preparation system of casting rod |
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| CN114279802B (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2024-04-12 | 西北工业大学 | High-temperature alloy fluidity test die and preparation method of test sample |
| CN115319026B (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2024-01-02 | 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 | Exhaust molding method for aluminum alloy investment pattern antigravity casting shell |
| CN116124555B (en) * | 2023-02-28 | 2024-05-10 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Method for precisely controlling loosening defect of loading area of high-temperature alloy test bar |
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