CN112317530A - Effective method for remedying rice polluted by heavy metal cadmium through fungus organisms - Google Patents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/23—Solutions
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention aims to provide an effective method for remedying rice polluted by heavy metal cadmium by fungi. The fungus used in the invention has the capability of adsorbing and enriching cadmium ions in the culture solution, can adsorb cadmium in the rice culture solution when being co-cultured with rice, relieves the stress effect of cadmium on rice, reduces the accumulation of cadmium in rice roots and stems, can promote the growth of rice, and has certain positive significance for repairing cadmium pollution of rice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural microorganisms, relates to a bioremediation technology of heavy metal cadmium in a rice growth environment, and particularly relates to an effective method for bioremediation of rice polluted by heavy metal cadmium by fungi.
Background
With the increasing deterioration of the environment caused by the rapid development of human science and technology and industry, all countries in the world pay attention to the sustainable development of ecology. Among global environmental pollution, ecological environmental pollution of farmland is one of the most concerned core problems of human beings. In China, the ecological environmental pollution of farmlands is still increasingly aggravated although being restrained to a certain extent. Heavy metals causing environmental pollution mainly include cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn). Some heavy metals are necessary for life activities and participate in life metabolic activities under trace concentration, such as chromium, lead and zinc, but the residual quantity of the heavy metals in a human body exceeds a certain concentration, so that the heavy metals can cause harm to the human body. The pollution caused by heavy metals has the characteristics of concealment, irreversibility, long-term property and the like, is difficult to eliminate by adopting physical, engineering and chemical methods, once the pollution enters living environments such as soil, water and the like, not only influences the yield and the quality of crops, but also harms the human health directly or indirectly through a food chain and often causes some irreversible damage to the human body. How to control and reduce the toxicity of heavy metals to plants has attracted extensive attention.
The pollutants in the ecological environment of the farmland mainly come from: (1) large waste gas deposits from the industrial and transportation industries; (2) irrigation of industrial and domestic sewage and improper treatment of industrial waste residues and domestic garbage; (3) improper application of fertilizers and pesticides. In addition, the accumulation of pollutants in soil is also exacerbated by the reuse of water resources and the reduction of soil leaching due to lack of water resources. The pollution of heavy metal elements to agricultural environment is emphasized by people.
Cadmium is a geochemical dispersive element, is an element which is actively released in the ground surface environment and migrated in the soil-plant system under the influence of human activities, and has great toxicity to animals, plants and human beings. The natural background value of the cadmium in the soil is below 0.2-0.3mg/Kg, and with the rapid development of modern industrial and agricultural production, the industrial three wastes, the pesticide and fertilizer consumption and the solid waste are continuously increased, and the environmental release of the cadmium is very serious. The amount of cadmium entering the soil worldwide is estimated to be 2.2 million tons per year. Cadmium pollution is an irreversible accumulation process, and because cadmium cannot be decomposed by soil microorganisms and has a half-life period of about 20 years, cadmium is an element with strong biological mobility, is easily absorbed and accumulated by plants, and not only can the yield and quality of crops be seriously influenced, but also the food chain enrichment can harm human health. The absorption route of human heavy metals is mainly soil-crop-food-human body migration, and because the cadmium poisoning mechanism is progressive interference on the metabolic function and skeleton formation of kidney in vivo, even at a low dose level, long-term exposure has serious threat to human health. Cadmium levels in agricultural products grown in soil directly affect human health.
The rice is one of the most important grain crops in the world, is a main food source for more than 50% of people in the world, is the first grain crop in China, about more than 60% of people in China use rice as staple food, and the rice consumption per person of people in rural areas in the south reaches nearly 200 Kg/year. Therefore, the quality of rice is directly related to the health level of people. While rice is considered to be the bulk grain crop with the strongest cadmium uptake.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the safety problems that the cadmium pollution area of the soil is wide at present, the cadmium pollution of the rice planted and produced is serious, and the yield and the quality of the rice are seriously influenced, the invention aims to provide an effective method for remedying the rice polluted by the heavy metal cadmium by fungi organisms, and the cadmium accumulation of the rice is removed by the co-culture of the fungi and the rice, so that the cadmium content in the rice is reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an effective method for remedying rice polluted by heavy metal cadmium by fungi organisms comprises the following steps: white rot fungi and rice seedlings polluted by heavy metal cadmium are co-cultured.
Preferably, the white rot fungus is trametes pubescens mb 89, CBS 696.94.
Preferably, the white rot fungi are fixed on a carrier and then are co-cultured with rice seedlings polluted by heavy metal cadmium.
More preferably, the carrier is a sinking ceramsite, and the white rot fungi and the ceramsite carrier are cultured in a semi-solid culture mode for 7-14 days and then the fungi are fixed on the carrier.
More preferably, the particle size of the ceramsite carrier is 0.5 +/-0.1 cm.
Preferably, the rice seedling is a trefoil stage rice seedling.
More preferably, the rice seedling is cultivated by: the seeds are disinfected, cleaned, transferred to a culture dish containing wet double-layer filter paper, stored in the culture dish, placed indoors in the dark at 25 ℃ for 3-4 days so as to germinate, and the germinated seeds are transferred to a rice growth basic culture solution and planted under the photoperiod of 16 hours illumination/8 hours darkness with 80% relative humidity and grow to the three-leaf stage.
Preferably, the formula of the basic culture solution for rice growth is as follows: 0.37mM (NH)4)2SO4，0.18mM KNO3，0.37mM Ca(NO3)2，0.05mM Fe(II)-EDTA，0.001mM CuSO4，0.01mM H3BO4，0.1mM NaCl，0.55mM MgSO4，0.18mM KH2PO4，0.09mM K2SO4，0.001mM ZnSO4，0.005mM MnSO4，0.0005mM Na2 MoO4，0.0002mM CoSO4。
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the fungus used in the invention has the capability of adsorbing and enriching cadmium ions in the culture solution, can adsorb cadmium in the rice culture solution when being co-cultured with rice, relieves the stress effect of cadmium on rice, reduces the accumulation of cadmium in rice roots and stems, can promote the growth of rice, and has certain positive significance for repairing cadmium pollution of rice.
Drawings
FIG. 1. growth of Trametes pubescence in a petri dish under stress of various concentrations of heavy metal cadmium ions.
FIG. 2 shows the statistics of the growth of Trametes pubescience under the stress of heavy metal cadmium ions with different concentrations.
FIG. 3 shows the bioadsorption ability and cadmium removal performance of Trametes pubescence under the condition of different concentrations of cadmium ions.
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron micrograph of Trametes pubescence adsorbing heavy metal cadmium ions at high and low concentrations, a: CONT; b: high-concentration cadmium (100mg/L) treatment; c, d: low concentration cadmium (10 mg/L).
FIG. 5 is an infrared spectrum of adsorption of cadmium ions at different concentrations by Trametes pubescence.
FIG. 6 is the establishment of a laboratory model for removing the toxic effect of cadmium on rice by fungus bioremediation.
FIG. 7 shows the growth of rice after bioremediation of cadmium contamination by fungi.
FIG. 8 shows the effect of fungus bioremediation of heavy metal cadmium pollution on the growth of overground and underground rice; a: the plant height of the overground part of the rice seedlings is 15 days after the rice seedlings grow under different treatment conditions; b: the number of leaves on the overground part of the rice seedlings after growing for 15 days under different treatment conditions; c: the root of the underground part of the rice seedling grows for 15 days under different treatment conditions; d: the diameter of the root of the underground part after the rice seedling grows for 15 days under different treatment conditions.
FIG. 9 is a comparison of cadmium accumulation in the overground and underground rice portions before and after fungal bioremediation.
FIG. 10 Paraffin sections of rice root cross sections before and after fungal bioremediation.
FIG. 11 shows paraffin sections of longitudinal sections of rice root tips before and after fungal bioremediation.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Reagents, methods and apparatus used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise indicated.
Examples
First, the mechanism research of fungus adsorbing heavy metal cadmium
1.1 tolerance test for cadmium by the fungus Trametes pubescence
The applicant obtains a fungus strain separated and purified in the wastewater containing heavy metal pollution through an international communication cooperation project. We then performed an experiment in which fungi were resistant to the heavy metal cadmium. Experiments prove that the fungus Trametes pubescence can tolerate a certain concentration of heavy metal cadmium ion stress, the maximum tolerant concentration is 100mg/L, and the fungus Trametes pubescence does not grow on a PDA solid plate of 200mg/L, as shown in figure 1 and figure 2. The normal tap water standard is 0.005mg/L, the maximum tolerant concentration of the fungus is 20000 times of the cadmium ion concentration in normal water, the fungus shows strong cadmium tolerance, and a certain foundation is laid for further research on biological removal of heavy metals by microorganisms and interaction of the microorganisms and the heavy metal cadmium.
1.2 adsorption Rate of fungus Trametes pubescence exposed in cadmium ion solutions of different concentrations
Cadmium stress experiments are carried out on pure cultured fungi Trametes pubescence by using cadmium ions with different concentration gradients through a shake flask experiment so as to explore the adsorption capacity of the fungi on cadmium solutions with different concentrations. Experiments show that the maximum adsorption capacity of the fungus Trametes pubescence can reach 6.565mg/g (as shown in figure 3 a) when the cadmium ion concentration is 100mg/L, and the removal rate is 53.13% at the maximum under the condition that the cadmium ion concentration is 10mg/L (as shown in figure 3 b).
1.3 scanning electron microscope observation of the change of cell morphology of fungi exposed in cadmium solution
By performing a shaking flask experiment, performing a cadmium adsorption experiment on a pure culture fungus Trametes pubescence by using cadmium ions with different concentration gradients, and observing that the low-concentration cadmium has a certain destructive effect on fungus hyphae (as shown in figure 4 c) and the fungus hyphae has a certain adsorption effect on the cadmium (as shown in figure 4 d) and is possibly chelated when being compared with a control group (figure 4a) under a scanning electron microscope. High concentrations of cadmium fragmented hyphae (as shown in FIG. 4 b), and it was also evident from the flasks that fragmented hyphae were produced. 1.4 Infrared Spectroscopy characterization of cell surface functional group response mechanism of fungi under cadmium stress
Comparison of infrared spectra of mycelia before and after adsorption of cadmium ions shows that the infrared spectra of fungi before and after adsorption have changed a little, and the main changes are shown in fig. 5 and table 1.
In which the peak of stretching vibration of amino group and hydroxyl group was shifted from 3487.32 (control) to 3419.93(5mg/L), 3405.40(10mg/L), 3390.31(50mg/L) and 3402.99(100mg/L), indicating that these hydroxyl group and amino group derived from polysaccharide, fatty acid and protein components are involved in the adsorption process. 2928 around it is C-H stretching vibration peak, after adsorption, spectrumSlight movement occurred indicating that the C-H bond was involved in the adsorption process of cadmium. 1651 stretching vibration of N-H amino functional group. 1077cm of map display-1Vibration deflection of low intensity of wave band, vibration of C-O bond. The infrared spectrum analysis before and after adsorption can obtain that the functional group N-H, C ═ O, -OH, C-H, C-O and the like can participate in the adsorption process of cadmium ions.
TABLE 1 wavelength band shift of absorption peak of infrared spectrum of adsorption of cadmium ions of different concentrations by Trametes pubescence
Second, establishment of laboratory model for removing toxic effect of cadmium on rice by fungus bioremediation
2.1 materials of the experiment
The method comprises the following steps: water culture tank, white rot fungus and carrier, basic culture solution for rice growth, floating plate, planting cup and planting cotton, and developing rice seedling for one week.
Wherein:
the white rot fungus is Tramespubescens MB 89(CBS 696.94; Centraalbureauvoor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, The Netherlands).
The carrier is a sinking type ceramsite, and the particle size is 0.5 cm.
The formula of the basic culture solution for rice growth is as follows: 0.37mM (NH)4)2SO4，0.18mM KNO3，0.37mM Ca(NO3)2，0.05mM Fe(II)-EDTA，0.001mM CuSO4，0.01mM H3BO4，0.1mM NaCl，0.55mM MgSO4，0.18mM KH2PO4，0.09mM K2SO4，0.001mM ZnSO4，0.005mM MnSO4，0.0005mMNa2 MoO4，0.0002mM CoSO4。
Other materials are all conventional materials which are commercially available, unless otherwise specified.
2.2 the experimental design is as follows:
three groups were set up for the experiment: the experimental group for removing cadmium pollution by fungus A, the experimental group for not repairing cadmium pollution by fungus B (without any repairing measures), and the control group for normal growth without cadmium for C. Each group is provided with three parallel water culture tanks, 3 planting cups are arranged in each water culture tank, and 9 rice grains are planted in each planting cup.
Cadmium chloride solution with cadmium ion concentration of 10mg/L is respectively added into the water culture tanks of the group A and the group B, and the group C is not added as a control group.
2.3 Experimental methods
2.3.1 culturing the white rot fungi and the ceramsite carrier in a semi-solid culture mode for 7 days, fixing the fungi on the carrier, and putting the fungi and the carrier into a rice water culture tank when in use.
In this step, semi-solid culture of white rot fungi and haydite carriers can be carried out by the prior art, and in this application, reference is made to the culture method of fungi disclosed in "Simultaneous production of laccase and degradation of the azo dye Reactive Black 5in a fixed-bed bioreactor" (Journal of Hazardous Materials 164(2009) 296-300).
2.3.2 the rice seedling cultivation method: the seeds were sterilized, washed, transferred to petri dishes containing wet double-layered filter paper and stored in petri dishes at 25 ℃ and left in the dark for 3-4 days to germinate. The germinated seeds are transferred into a culture solution and planted in a 16-hour light/8-hour dark photoperiod with 80% relative humidity to be grown to a three-leaf period, seedlings with uniform length are selected and transplanted into a nutrient solution culture device, and 3 plants are planted in each group.
2.3.3 culture
a) Culturing in tissue culture rack at room temperature of 25 deg.C and relative humidity of 80% for 15 days, and alternately lighting and darkness every 12 hr.
b) After 15 days of culture, observing the growth and development conditions of rice, measuring apparent parameters of overground parts and underground parts, respectively harvesting overground part stems and leaves and underground part roots of rice seedlings, drying, digesting with concentrated nitric acid, and determining the content of Cd in the stems and leaves and the roots by an atomic absorption spectrometry.
After two weeks of culture, a co-culture system of fungi and rice roots was established, as shown in FIG. 6. Therefore, the fungi protect the roots of the rice on one hand, and on the other hand, the fungi absorb most of cadmium in the environment, so that the toxic action of the cadmium on the rice is reduced.
It should be noted that the culture time is not limited to 15 days, and in general, the co-culture can be continued as long as sufficient nutrient solution is supplied to the rice; after 15 days, if the culture solution is not supplemented to the rice, the rice will wither due to lack of nutrition.
Third, the repairing effect of fungus bioremediation rice cadmium pollution
3.1 morphological characteristics of Rice under different treatment conditions
Cadmium is harmful to plants, and is mainly manifested in aspects of root and stem growth retardation, leaf greening and curling physiology and biochemistry, and is mostly manifested in that photosynthesis and transpiration are inhibited, so that oxidation stress and membrane damage are caused. As can be seen in FIG. 7, cadmium first caused damage to rice roots, root growth was significantly inhibited, and aerial parts also showed short stem and leaf and retarded growth, as compared with the normal control group (CONT) not contaminated with cadmium, which is shown by CONT (Cd). The possible reasons are that cadmium stress can reduce the chlorophyll content of rice, damage photosynthetic systems I and II, reduce the electrical conductivity in leaves, reduce the absorption of carbon dioxide, interfere the opening of stomata, and cause slow growth of rice. The fungus-repaired rice roots, stems and leaves, shown as Tp (Cd), grow better than the control group.
Meanwhile, the influence of fungus bioremediation heavy metal cadmium pollution on the growth of the overground part and the underground part of the rice is shown in fig. 8, as can be seen from the figure, the plant height of the overground part (fig. 8a), the number of leaves (fig. 8b) and the length of the underground part root (fig. 8c) of the fungus-repaired heavy metal cadmium-polluted rice seedling Tp (Cd) group are superior to those of the uncontaminated normal control group CONT after 15 days of growth, and the diameter of the underground part root is smaller than that of the uncontaminated normal control group, so that the underground part root is obviously increased compared with the cadmium-polluted control group (Cd) (fig. 8 d).
3.2 Effect of fungal bioremediation on the amount of cadmium accumulated in Rice rootstocks
After being absorbed by rice, most of cadmium is concentrated in roots and less cadmium migrates to the upper part of the ground. The accumulation of cadmium in the overground part and the underground part of the rice is detected by atomic absorption, which shows that the cadmium-enriched amount of the root of the rice is 10 times of that of the stem leaf part, because the rice regionalizes heavy metal ions entering the body, namely the heavy metal ions are accumulated in different cells or intercellular vacuoles. These plants increase tolerance to heavy metals by repelling or locally enriching them, allowing them to precipitate at the plant root cell wall and "bind" their absorption across the membrane. Therefore, the accumulation amount of cadmium in the root is far greater than that in the stem leaves of the overground part.
Through the co-culture of the fungi and the rice, the fungi adsorb part of cadmium, so that the amount of the cadmium absorbed by rice roots is reduced by 53.5%, and meanwhile, the accumulation amount of the overground part of cadmium of the rice after the bioremediation of the fungi is obviously reduced by 86.38%, and the result is shown in figure 9. According to the distribution of cadmium in different tissues of rice, the organ with vigorous metabolism has large accumulation, the organ with vigorous metabolism has small accumulation, and the distribution sequence in the rice is that the root is larger than the stem and larger than the leaf and larger than the seed, so that the corresponding reduction of cadmium content in the seed and rice after bioremediation can be presumed.
3.3 Effect of cadmium poisoning and fungal remediation on Rice root cell morphology
Heavy metal cadmium ions interfere with the absorption and transportation of mineral nutrients by root systems, so that the nutrition of plants is deficient. Cadmium ion stress can cause the root tip cells of plants to degenerate, the water absorption and transportation mechanism to be damaged, the water potential to be reduced, and the air holes to be closed, thereby interfering the absorption of nutrients.
From the cross section slicing result (fig. 10) of the rice root, cadmium causes serious damage to the cell morphology of the rice root, the cells deform and age, the root cells in the system co-cultured with fungi are protected to a certain extent, and the adsorption effect of the fungi on cadmium reduces the concentration of cadmium in the culture solution and reduces the toxic effect of cadmium on the rice root cells. From the results of slicing the longitudinal section of the rice root (FIG. 11), cadmium can stress the rice root tip cells to degenerate, thin the root and hurt. The rice root tip co-cultured with the fungus is similar to that of a normal group and has no obvious change, so that the fact that the fungus and rice co-culture can obviously improve the damage of cadmium to the root of the rice and protect the cells of the rice root tip is proved, and therefore the normal absorption and transportation of the root to nutrient substances are guaranteed.
The damage of heavy metal cadmium ion to rice is a very complex process. Heavy metal stress affects the growth and development of rice and the metabolism of substances and energy by damaging proteins, membrane systems and DNA. When the rice is stressed by heavy metal, corresponding defense measures can be generated, enzyme systems (SOD and POD) are protected to be activated, the SOD and the POD are coordinated with each other, a large number of active oxygen free radicals caused by membrane lipid peroxidation are eliminated, and the stability of a cell membrane system is maintained. As the activity of the enzyme has a certain limit, the heavy metal irreversibly damages the enzyme system with the deepening of cadmium stress, and finally causes the plants to be poisoned and even die.
The invention constructs a system for co-culturing fungi and rice, relieves the stress effect of cadmium on rice and reduces the accumulation of cadmium in rice roots and stems by adsorbing and enriching heavy metal cadmium by the fungi. Meanwhile, the rice root cells are protected by the co-culture of the fungi and the rice, so that the rice roots can normally absorb the nutrition in the culture solution and can normally grow. Moreover, the fungi can also synthesize various chemical substances beneficial to the growth of the rice, play a role in promoting the growth of the rice, help the rice to absorb nutrient substances and relieve the stress effect of heavy metal cadmium on the rice.
It should be understood that the substitution of simple parameters in the embodiments is not described in detail in the embodiments, but the invention is not limited thereto, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents and should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An effective method for remedying rice polluted by heavy metal cadmium by fungi organisms comprises the following steps: white rot fungi and rice seedlings polluted by heavy metal cadmium are co-cultured.
2. The effective method for remedying rice contaminated by heavy metal cadmium through fungi according to claim 1, wherein the white rot fungi is trametes pubescens MB 89, CBS 696.94.
3. The effective method for remedying rice polluted by heavy metal cadmium through fungi according to claim 1, wherein the white rot fungi is immobilized on a carrier and then co-cultured with rice seedlings polluted by heavy metal cadmium.
4. The effective method for remedying rice contaminated by heavy metal cadmium through fungi bioremediation as claimed in claim 3, wherein the carrier is a submerged haydite, and the white rot fungi is fixed on the carrier after the white rot fungi and the haydite carrier are cultured for 7-14 days in a semi-solid culture manner.
5. The effective method for remedying rice contaminated by heavy metal cadmium through fungi according to claim 4, wherein the particle size of the ceramsite carrier is 0.5 ± 0.1 cm.
6. The effective method for remedying rice contaminated by heavy metal cadmium through fungi according to claim 1, wherein the rice seedling is a trefoil rice seedling.
7. The effective method for remedying rice polluted by heavy metal cadmium by fungi according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the young rice is cultivated by the following method: the seeds are disinfected, cleaned, transferred to a culture dish containing wet double-layer filter paper, stored in the culture dish, placed indoors in the dark at 25 ℃ for 3-4 days so as to germinate, and the germinated seeds are transferred to a rice growth basic culture solution and planted under the photoperiod of 16 hours illumination/8 hours darkness with 80% relative humidity and grow to the three-leaf stage.
8. The effective method for remedying rice polluted by heavy metal cadmium by fungi according to claim 7, wherein the formula of the basic culture solution for rice growth is as follows: 0.37mM (NH)4)2SO4，0.18mM KNO3，0.37mM Ca(NO3)2，0.05mM Fe(II)-EDTA，0.001mM CuSO4，0.01mM H3BO4，0.1mM NaCl，0.55mM MgSO4，0.18mM KH2PO4，0.09mM K2SO4，0.001mM ZnSO4，0.005mM MnSO4，0.0005mM Na2 MoO4，0.0002mM CoSO4。
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