CN112314600B - Slow-release sterilization microcapsule, preparation method and sterilization aerosol - Google Patents
Slow-release sterilization microcapsule, preparation method and sterilization aerosol Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of antibiosis and bacteriostasis, and particularly relates to a sustained-release sterilization microcapsule, a preparation method and a sterilization aerosol. The specific technology is as follows: sequentially coating the nano silver particles and the nano photocatalyst particles with sodium sulfate decahydrate, glyceryl monostearate and biogel to obtain microcapsules, and stably suspending and storing the microcapsules in aerosol by colloidal particles; the microcapsule glue is used for aerosol, microcapsule colloidal particles are broken when the microcapsule glue is sprayed in the form of aerosol spray, the aerosol is suspended in the air, and meanwhile, sodium sulfate decahydrate on the surfaces of the nano silver particles and the nano photocatalyst particles is melted under the action of temperature and water, so that the nano silver particles and the nano photocatalyst particles are dispersed. The sterilizing aerosol is uniformly sprayed, not only prevents the agglomeration of nano silver particles and nano photocatalyst particles, but also has good lasting sterilization performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antibiosis and bacteriostasis, and particularly relates to a sustained-release sterilization microcapsule, a preparation method and a sterilization aerosol.
Background
People's daily trips often touch door handles, elevator buttons, seats, etc., and these surfaces may be contaminated with bacteria. By direct contact with the human body, the skin becomes an important source of bacteria. Therefore, people are required to wash hands in places where the hands can be washed frequently after shopping, riding in vehicles, going to toilets and going out, and the hands are required to be thoroughly washed clean after the people go home. It is required that a lot of bacteria are present on the hands as long as the bacteria are present in public places. Bacteria can rapidly enter the body if the eyes, nose and face are rubbed by hands.
With the progress and development of the modern society and the further improvement of the living standard of people, the health consciousness of people is improved quickly, and particularly the harm cognition and preventive measures of infectious diseases such as skin diseases, parasites and the like are more prominent. Not only can prevent skin bacteria at any time, but also can frequently sterilize and disinfect living goods such as underwear, shoes and socks, bedding and the like. At present, various disinfectants are used more and more widely in family life, and the life quality of the masses of people is also improved. The existing hand sanitizer, disinfectant and the like have great effect on killing bacteria.
However, the air often contains bacteria, people's clothes and skin usually have memory of contacting with the bacteria, if people can not wash hands in time, the hand or article is usually wiped by using a sterilized wet tissue, the sterilization effect is not obvious, and the durability is poor. In order to effectively block bacterial infection and prevent disease infection, the sterilization aerosol is adopted to sterilize air at any time, and the sterilization of spraying skin, clothes and the like is very convenient. The sterilizing aerosol is prepared by dispersing the effective sterilizing components in the skin at high speed by propellant. Generally, 84 disinfectant, alcohol and the like are prepared into a sterilizing aerosol which is not suitable for long-term use in air and is not suitable for long-term use in contact with skin, and the sterilizing aerosol is easy to volatilize and has poor durability. The long-acting bactericidal disinfectant of nano silver particles, photocatalyst, plant extracts and the like is not stable and easy to agglomerate when stored in the aerosol on one hand, and is difficult to stably suspend in the air or stay on the skin after being sprayed on the other hand, so that the bactericidal effect is influenced.
The microcapsule technology is increasingly applied to various fields of food, fine chemical engineering, pharmacy, cosmetics and the like, is an embedding method for preparing microcapsules based on the processes of emulsification, drying, granulation and the like, is a protection technology for encapsulating solid, liquid or gas to form micro particles, and is added into aerosol products, so that the stability of active ingredients can be protected, or the release control effect can be achieved, and the utilization efficiency and the internal added value of the products can be improved. In the development process of the disinfection and sterilization aerosol, more natural disinfection and antibacterial active ingredients need to be introduced, so that the product is more green and environment-friendly. Therefore, the microcapsule technology is reasonably utilized to prepare the microcapsule meeting the requirement of the antibacterial agent used in the aerosol, and the microcapsule has great significance for promoting the antibacterial of the aerosol.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to use nano silver particles and photocatalyst in aerosol and meet the requirements of stable and uniform storage of the aerosol, stable suspension in air before spraying and uniform leveling and stable adhesion after spraying on skin, the invention provides a slow-release sterilization microcapsule. Further discloses a preparation method of the slow-release sterilization microcapsule and a sterilization aerosol prepared by the slow-release sterilization microcapsule.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention first specifically describes a preparation method of a sustained-release bactericidal microcapsule, which is characterized in that: the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing the nano silver particles, the nano photocatalyst particles and sodium sulfate decahydrate, heating to 35-40 ℃, and grinding to ensure that the sodium sulfate decahydrate is melted and uniformly coated on the surfaces of the nano silver particles and the nano photocatalyst particles; then cooling to 20 ℃, adding the glyceryl monostearate, and continuously grinding to obtain the glyceryl monostearate-coated nano particles;
(2) preparing the biological glue and water into glue solution, adding the glyceryl monostearate-coated nano particles obtained in the step (1) into the glue solution, uniformly stirring, and quickly spray-drying to obtain the slow-release sterilization microcapsule.
Preferably, the nano silver particles, the nano photocatalyst particles, the sodium sulfate decahydrate and the glyceryl monostearate in the step (1) are used in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of nano silver particles, 20-30 parts of nano photocatalyst particles, 2-3 parts of sodium sulfate decahydrate and 3-5 parts of glyceryl monostearate.
Preferably, the silver nanoparticles in step (1) are silver particles with a particle size of less than 100nm, the silver nanoparticles have excellent bactericidal capacity, the contact area of silver and the outside is greatly increased in a nano state, the bactericidal capacity of silver is greatly improved, and the silver nanoparticles have broad-spectrum antibacterial and bactericidal performance as a latest generation antibacterial agent. Silver particles having a particle size of less than 50nm are particularly preferred. However, the smaller the particle size, the more easily the particles agglomerate, and if they are directly dispersed in an aerosol, they cause serious agglomeration. Based on the problem, the invention firstly carries out microencapsulation treatment on the nano silver particles to prevent the binding and agglomeration among the nano silver particles.
Preferably, the nano photocatalyst particles in the step (1) are titanium dioxide with the particle size of 20-50 nanometers. The nano titanium dioxide is a photo-semiconductor material with a photocatalytic function, can generate a photocatalytic reaction similar to photosynthesis under the irradiation of light, generates free hydroxyl and active oxygen with extremely strong oxidizing power, has a very strong photo-oxidation-reduction function, can destroy cell membranes of bacteria and solidify proteins of viruses, kills the bacteria, and has extremely strong sterilization and deodorization functions. The sterilization effect of the photocatalyst depends on a strong surface area after being suspended in the air or coated on the surface of the skin or clothes to be sufficiently contacted with sunlight, and thus, it is necessary to sufficiently disperse the nano photocatalyst particles. Based on the problem, the invention firstly carries out microencapsulation treatment on the nano photocatalyst particles to prevent the combination and agglomeration of the nano photocatalyst particles.
The invention aims to use nano silver particles and photocatalyst in aerosol, and the aim of stably and uniformly storing the aerosol and uniformly leveling and stably attaching the aerosol after being sprayed on skin is fulfilled. It can be understood that: the sodium sulfate decahydrate is melted into liquid state, then is distributed on the surfaces of the nano silver particles and the nano photocatalyst particles under the grinding action, and is solidified at the temperature lower than 30 ℃, so that coating layers are formed on the surfaces of the nano silver particles and the nano photocatalyst particles. Because of the existence of the coating layer, the nano silver particles and the nano photocatalyst particles are affected by temperature rise and moisture after being sprayed in the air or on the skin and clothes, and the coated sodium sulfate decahydrate is melted, so that the nano silver particles and the nano photocatalyst particles are dispersed; it is further understood that sodium sulfate decahydrate is a separant for preventing nano-agglomeration, stably exists in the aerosol, and can be melted at the temperature of more than 30 ℃ or in water vapor after being sprayed, so that the nano-particles are dispersed.
Furthermore, when the nano silver particles and the nano photocatalyst particles are ground by sodium sulfate decahydrate, the nano silver particles and the nano photocatalyst particles can be single particles coated by the sodium sulfate decahydrate, and a plurality of particles coated by the sodium sulfate decahydrate can also be provided; it is more desirable that each nanoparticle is individually coated, which will better increase the specific surface area of the nanoparticle. To approach this goal, it is preferable to use low-speed ball milling at 10 to 15rpm while heating to 35 to 40 ℃ and grinding in step (1) to prevent agglomeration of particles due to excessive impact grinding; the ball milling time is preferably controlled within 20-35min, the sodium sulfate decahydrate is difficult to uniformly disperse and coat on the surfaces of the nanoparticles when the grinding time is too short, and the nanoparticles are excessively ground and agglomerated due to too long grinding time.
Further, adding the glyceryl monostearate in the step (1) to continuously grind, and controlling the low-speed ball milling at 8-10rpm, wherein the ball milling time is controlled within 10-15 min. The glyceryl monostearate is coated on the nano particles, on one hand, the purpose is to prevent the nano particles from agglomerating, and on the other hand, the glyceryl monostearate is coated on a sodium sulfate decahydrate layer of the nano particles to prevent the sodium sulfate decahydrate from being dissolved in subsequent secondary coating glue solution.
Preferably, the biogel in the step (2) is prepared from biomass which is easy to prepare into a glue solution from water, and is selected from one of alginic acid, gelatin, agar, xanthan gum and Arabic gum; preferably, the biological glue and the water are prepared according to the mass ratio of 1:20-25, and are stirred into uniform glue solution at the temperature of 80 ℃.
Preferably, the glyceryl monostearate-coated nanoparticles and the glue solution in the step (2) are uniformly stirred in a mass ratio of 1: 5. And coating the nano particles by the film-forming glue solution through conventional spray drying, thereby obtaining the slow-release sterilization microcapsule.
Furthermore, the invention provides the slow-release sterilization microcapsule prepared by the method, which is a microcapsule formed by coating nano silver particles and nano photocatalyst particles with sodium sulfate decahydrate, glycerol monostearate and biological glue in sequence.
In addition, the present invention provides a bactericidal aerosol, characterized in that: the sterilizing aerosol containing the slow-release sterilizing microcapsule comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.5-1 part of slow-release sterilization microcapsule, 0.5-1 part of glycerol, 20-30 parts of propellant, 10-15 parts of water, 3-5 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol and 0.01-0.02 part of plant essence; the sterilizing aerosol is obtained by filling the following steps: mixing the slow-release sterilizing microcapsule, glycerol, water, absolute ethyl alcohol and plant essence, stirring uniformly, filling into an aerosol can, pressing into a propellant by a pressing machine by a pressure filling method, and filling into a 360-degree valve nozzle to obtain the sterilizing aerosol.
Preferably, the propellant is one of dimethyl ether, trichlorofluoromethane, difluoromethane, trichlorotetrafluoroethane, propane and butane gas, isohexane and carbon dioxide, and the dimethyl ether is further preferred; the plant essence is selected from one of Chinese juniper extract, folium Artemisiae Argyi extract, and Aloe extract with antibacterial effect.
As is well known in the field of sterilization, nano silver particles and photocatalyst have excellent sterilization effect, and the sterilization effect depends on a strong interface, so that the problem of how to effectively disperse the nano silver particles and the photocatalyst is solved, in order to meet the requirements of sterilization aerosol, the nano silver particles and the photocatalyst are stably and uniformly stored in the aerosol, stably suspended in the air after being sprayed and uniformly leveled and stably attached after being sprayed on the skin, the invention provides a slow-release sterilization microcapsule, a preparation method and the sterilization aerosol, and the beneficial effects of the slow-release sterilization microcapsule are represented as follows:
1. and sequentially coating the nano silver particles and the nano photocatalyst particles with sodium sulfate decahydrate, glyceryl monostearate and biogel to obtain the microcapsule, wherein the microcapsule is stably suspended and stored in the aerosol in the form of colloidal particles.
2. The microcapsule glue is used as the aerosol, and when the microcapsule glue is sprayed in the form of aerosol spray, the microcapsule glue particles are broken and stably suspended in the air, so that bacteria in the air are effectively killed; the nano silver particles and the nano photocatalyst particles are dispersed and fully contacted with the air at the interface of the nano particles in the air, and the air sterilization effect is achieved.
3. The bactericidal aerosol provided by the invention is easy to suspend in the air, and a protective layer is easily formed on the surface of skin clothes and the like, so that the agglomeration of nano silver particles and nano photocatalyst particles is prevented, and the bactericidal aerosol has good lasting bactericidal property.
Drawings
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the accompanying drawings as follows:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a slow-release sterilization microcapsule of the present invention, wherein:
1-nano silver particles or nano photocatalyst particles;
a sodium sulfate 2-decahydrate coating layer;
3-glyceryl monostearate coating layer;
4-biological glue layer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention better understood, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the technical idea of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of a slow-release sterilization microcapsule comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing 30 parts by weight of nano silver particles with the particle size of less than 50nm, 30 parts by weight of titanium dioxide particles with the particle size of 20-50 nm and 3 parts by weight of sodium sulfate decahydrate, heating to 35 ℃, and carrying out low-speed ball milling at 10rpm for 30min so as to ensure that sodium sulfate decahydrate is melted and uniformly coated on the surfaces of the nano silver particles and the nano titanium dioxide particles; then cooling to 20 ℃, adding 4 parts by weight of glyceryl monostearate, and carrying out ball milling at a low speed of 8rpm, wherein the ball milling time is controlled to be 15min, so as to obtain the glyceryl monostearate-coated nano particles;
(2) preparing biogel alginic acid and water according to the mass ratio of 1:25, stirring at 80 ℃ to form uniform glue solution, adding the glyceryl monostearate-coated nanoparticles obtained in the step (1) into the glue solution, stirring uniformly, and rapidly spray-drying at 100 ℃ to obtain the slow-release sterilization microcapsule.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the slow-release sterilization microcapsule, wherein: 1 is nano silver particles or nano photocatalyst particles; 2 is a sodium sulfate decahydrate coating; 3 is a glyceryl monostearate coating layer; and 4 is a biological glue layer.
Example 2
A preparation method of a slow-release sterilization microcapsule comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing 40 parts by weight of nano silver particles with the particle size of less than 50nm, 30 parts by weight of titanium dioxide particles with the particle size of 20-50 nm and 3 parts by weight of sodium sulfate decahydrate, heating to 40 ℃, and carrying out low-speed ball milling at 15rpm for 35min to ensure that sodium sulfate decahydrate is melted and uniformly coated on the surfaces of the nano silver particles and the nano titanium dioxide particles; then cooling to 20 ℃, adding 5 parts by weight of glyceryl monostearate, and carrying out ball milling at a low speed of 10rpm for 15min to obtain the glyceryl monostearate-coated nanoparticles;
(2) preparing Arabic gum and water in a mass ratio of 1:20, stirring at 80 ℃ to form a uniform glue solution, adding the glyceryl monostearate-coated nanoparticles obtained in the step (1) into the glue solution, stirring uniformly, and quickly performing spray drying at 100 ℃ to obtain the slow-release sterilization microcapsule.
Example 3
The sterilizing aerosol comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.5 part by weight of the slow-release sterilization microcapsule obtained in the embodiment 1, 1 part by weight of glycerol, 30 parts by weight of propellant dimethyl ether, 10 parts by weight of water, 3 parts by weight of absolute ethyl alcohol and 0.01 part by weight of aloe plant essence; mixing the slow-release sterilizing microcapsule, glycerol, water, absolute ethyl alcohol and plant essence, stirring uniformly, filling into an aerosol can, pressing into a propellant by a pressing machine by a pressure filling method, and filling into a 360-degree valve nozzle to obtain the sterilizing aerosol.
Example 4
The sterilizing aerosol comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 part by weight of the slow-release sterilization microcapsule obtained in the example 2, 0.5 part by weight of glycerol, 25 parts by weight of propellant trichlorofluoromethane, 15 parts by weight of water, 5 parts by weight of absolute ethyl alcohol and 0.01 part by weight of plant essence juniper extract; mixing the slow-release sterilizing microcapsule, glycerol, water, absolute ethyl alcohol and plant essence, stirring uniformly, filling into an aerosol can, pressing into a propellant by a pressing machine by a pressure filling method, and filling into a 360-degree valve nozzle to obtain the sterilizing aerosol.
Comparative example 1
A preparation method of a slow-release sterilization microcapsule comprises the following steps:
(1) heating 30 parts by weight of nano silver particles with the particle size of less than 50nm and 30 parts by weight of titanium dioxide particles with the particle size of 20-50 nm to 35 ℃, carrying out low-speed ball milling at 10rpm, controlling the ball milling time to be 30min, then cooling to 20 ℃, adding 4 parts by weight of glyceryl monostearate, carrying out low-speed ball milling at 8rpm, and controlling the ball milling time to be 15min to obtain nano particles coated by the glyceryl monostearate;
(2) preparing biogel alginic acid and water according to the mass ratio of 1:25, stirring at 80 ℃ to form uniform glue solution, adding the glyceryl monostearate-coated nanoparticles obtained in the step (1) into the glue solution, stirring uniformly, and rapidly spray-drying at 100 ℃ to obtain the slow-release sterilization microcapsule.
The sterilizing aerosol comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.5 part of the obtained slow-release sterilization microcapsule, 1 part of glycerol, 30 parts of propellant dimethyl ether, 10 parts of water, 3 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol and 0.01 part of aloe plant essence; mixing the slow-release sterilizing microcapsule, glycerol, water, absolute ethyl alcohol and plant essence, stirring uniformly, filling into an aerosol can, pressing into a propellant by a pressing machine by a pressure filling method, and filling into a 360-degree valve nozzle to obtain the sterilizing aerosol.
Comparative example 2
A preparation method of a slow-release sterilization microcapsule comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing 30 parts by weight of nano silver particles with the particle size of less than 50nm, 30 parts by weight of titanium dioxide particles with the particle size of 20-50 nm and 3 parts by weight of sodium sulfate decahydrate, heating to 35 ℃, and carrying out low-speed ball milling at 10rpm for 30min so as to ensure that sodium sulfate decahydrate is melted and uniformly coated on the surfaces of the nano silver particles and the nano titanium dioxide particles; then cooling to 20 ℃, adding 4 parts by weight of glyceryl monostearate, and carrying out ball milling at a low speed of 8rpm, wherein the ball milling time is controlled to be 15min, so as to obtain the glyceryl monostearate-coated nano particles; as a slow-release sterilization microcapsule.
The sterilizing aerosol comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.5 part of the obtained slow-release sterilization microcapsule, 1 part of glycerol, 30 parts of propellant dimethyl ether, 10 parts of water, 3 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol and 0.01 part of aloe plant essence; mixing the slow-release sterilizing microcapsule, glycerol, water, absolute ethyl alcohol and plant essence, stirring uniformly, filling into an aerosol can, pressing into a propellant by a pressing machine by a pressure filling method, and filling into a 360-degree valve nozzle to obtain the sterilizing aerosol.
And (3) testing adaptability:
the aerosols prepared in examples 3-4 and comparative examples 1-2 were tested for pH value, pH was near neutral, and they had good adaptability to air. The test pH values are shown in table 1.
And (3) testing the sterilizing effect:
cultivating Escherichia coli (ATCC8099) bacterial liquid with the concentration of 100 cfu/ml; 1ml was sprayed in a sealed and light-transmittable 3 cubic meter space (20 ℃ C.), and then sterilized by spraying using the aerosol prepared in examples 3 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 2, in an amount measured qualitatively for 3 seconds, and tested for sterilization efficiency for 10 min. As shown in table 1.
Cultivating Escherichia coli (ATCC8099) bacterial liquid with the concentration of 100 cfu/ml; 1ml was sprayed in a sealed and light-transmittable 3 cubic meter space (35 ℃ C.), and then sterilized by spraying using the aerosol prepared in examples 3 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 2, in an amount measured qualitatively for 3 seconds, and tested for sterilization efficiency for 10 min. As shown in table 1.
Cultivating Escherichia coli (ATCC8099) bacterial liquid with the concentration of 100 cfu/ml; spraying escherichia coli bacteria liquid on the surface of the glass sheet, taking uniform wetting of the glass sheet as a standard, naturally standing for 10min, keeping the temperature of the glass sheet at 20 ℃, and respectively spraying the aerosol prepared in the example 3-4 and the aerosol prepared in the comparative example 1-2 on the surface of the glass sheet, taking the wet glass surface as a standard; the efficiency of killing bacteria was tested for 10 min. As shown in table 1.
Cultivating Escherichia coli (ATCC8099) bacterial liquid with the concentration of 100 cfu/ml; spraying escherichia coli liquid and staphylococcus aureus liquid on the surface of the glass sheet, taking uniform wetting of the glass sheet as a standard, naturally standing for 10min, keeping the temperature of the glass sheet at 35 ℃, and respectively spraying the aerosol prepared in the example 3-4 and the aerosol prepared in the comparative example 1-2 on the surface of the glass sheet, taking the wet glass surface as a standard; the efficiency of killing bacteria is tested for 10min, and the glass plate sprayed with the aerosol is further placed outdoors for 3 days to test the sterilization efficiency. As shown in table 2.
Table 1:
| test sample | pH | Sterilizing efficiency at 20 DEG C | Sterilization efficiency at 35 DEG C |
| Example 3 | 6.7 | 97.2％ | 99.6％ |
| Example 4 | 6.8 | 97.5％ | 99.6％ |
| Comparative example 1 | 6.7 | 93.1％ | 94.2％ |
| Comparative example 2 | 6.9 | 91.8％ | 93.6％ |
Table 2:
through tests, the bactericidal aerosol disclosed by the invention has an approximately neutral pH value, small influence on air and good adaptability. The microcapsule adopted in the sterilizing aerosol of the invention is prepared by sequentially coating nano silver particles and nano photocatalyst particles with sodium sulfate decahydrate, glyceryl monostearate and biological adhesive, and the microcapsule is stably suspended and stored in the aerosol as colloidal particles and has good and lasting sterilizing and bacteriostasis effects after spraying; especially in the environment of higher than 30 ℃, the sodium sulfate decahydrate on the surfaces of the nano silver particles and the nano photocatalyst particles is melted, so that the nano silver particles and the nano photocatalyst particles are dispersed and suspended in the air by aerosol, the sterilizing effect is durable, the adhesive film is easy to form and disperse in skin clothes and the like, and the sterilizing effect is better. Even if the product is placed for 3 days, the product still has no bacteria proliferation and has lasting bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity.
In the technical scheme of the comparative example 1, the nano silver particles and the nano titanium dioxide particles are not coated by sodium sulfate decahydrate, the nano silver particles and the nano titanium dioxide particles are stably stored in the aerosol, and after electric energy spraying, because the sodium sulfate decahydrate is not melted and dispersed, the nano silver particles and the nano titanium dioxide particles are difficult to disperse, interface exposure is less, the nano silver particles and the nano titanium dioxide particles cannot be efficiently contacted with bacteria for sterilization, and the sterilization effect is influenced.
Comparative example 2 the slow-release bactericidal microcapsule is not coated with biomass glue, and has poor suspension property and obviously reduced bactericidal effect after being used for aerosol spraying. The film forming property is poor after the skin is treated, and the nano silver particles and the nano titanium dioxide particles are difficult to be fixed on the surface of the skin for a long time and are easy to fall off, so that the sterilization durability is influenced.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of a slow-release sterilization microcapsule for a sterilization aerosol is characterized by comprising the following steps: the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing the nano silver particles, the nano photocatalyst particles and sodium sulfate decahydrate, heating to 35-40 ℃, and grinding to ensure that the sodium sulfate decahydrate is melted and uniformly coated on the surfaces of the nano silver particles and the nano photocatalyst particles; then cooling to 20 ℃, adding the glyceryl monostearate, and continuously grinding to obtain the glyceryl monostearate-coated nano particles;
(2) preparing a glue solution from biological glue and water, adding the glyceryl monostearate-coated nanoparticles obtained in the step (1) into the glue solution, uniformly stirring, and quickly spray-drying to obtain the slow-release sterilization microcapsule;
when the mixture is heated to 35-40 ℃ and ground in the step (1), low-speed ball milling at 10-15rpm is adopted; controlling the ball milling time to be 20-35 min; adding glyceryl monostearate, continuously grinding, and controlling the low-speed ball milling at 8-10rpm for 10-15 min;
in the step (2), the biological glue is one of alginic acid and Arabic gum; the biological glue and water are prepared according to the mass ratio of 1:20-25, and are stirred into uniform glue solution at the temperature of 80 ℃.
2. The method for preparing the sustained-release bactericidal microcapsule for a bactericidal aerosol as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sustained-release bactericidal microcapsule comprises: the dosage of the nano silver particles, the nano photocatalyst particles, the sodium sulfate decahydrate and the glyceryl monostearate in the step (1) is as follows according to the parts by weight: 30-50 parts of nano silver particles, 20-30 parts of nano photocatalyst particles, 2-3 parts of sodium sulfate decahydrate and 3-5 parts of glyceryl monostearate.
3. The method for preparing the sustained-release bactericidal microcapsule for a bactericidal aerosol as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sustained-release bactericidal microcapsule comprises: selecting silver particles with the particle size of less than 100nm as the nano silver particles in the step (1); the nano photocatalyst particles are titanium dioxide with the particle size of 20-50 nanometers.
4. The method for preparing the sustained-release bactericidal microcapsule for a bactericidal aerosol as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sustained-release bactericidal microcapsule comprises: and (3) uniformly stirring the glyceryl monostearate-coated nano particles and the glue solution in a mass ratio of 1:5 in the step (2).
5. A slow-release sterilization microcapsule is characterized in that: the slow-release sterilization microcapsule prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. A germicidal aerosol formulation, comprising: the sterilizing aerosol contains the slow-release sterilizing microcapsule of claim 5, and the components of the sterilizing aerosol comprise the following components in parts by weight: 0.5-1 part of slow-release sterilization microcapsule, 0.5-1 part of glycerol, 20-30 parts of propellant, 10-15 parts of water, 3-5 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol and 0.01-0.02 part of plant essence; the sterilizing aerosol is obtained by filling the following steps: mixing the slow-release sterilizing microcapsule, glycerol, water, absolute ethyl alcohol and plant essence, stirring uniformly, filling into an aerosol can, pressing into a propellant by a pressing machine by a pressure filling method, and filling into a 360-degree valve nozzle to obtain the sterilizing aerosol.
7. The aerosol formulation for sterilization according to claim 6, wherein: the propellant is one of dimethyl ether, trichlorofluoromethane, difluoromethane, trichlorotetrafluoroethane, propane and butane gas, isohexane and carbon dioxide; the plant essence is selected from one of Chinese juniper extract, folium Artemisiae Argyi extract, and Aloe extract with antibacterial effect.
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