CN112313836A

CN112313836A - Millimeter wave antenna, antenna assembly, millimeter wave radar system and movable platform

Info

Publication number: CN112313836A
Application number: CN201980040194.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蔡铭; 汤一君; 唐哲
Original assignee: SZ DJI Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: SZ DJI Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-11-22
Filing date: 2019-11-22
Publication date: 2021-02-02
Also published as: WO2021097850A1

Abstract

A millimeter-wave antenna, an antenna assembly, a millimeter-wave radar system, and a movable platform, the antenna comprising: an antenna substrate (203) having an antenna side surface (2031) and a feed line side surface (2032) disposed opposite the antenna side surface (2031); an antenna subarray (201) provided on the antenna side surface (2031) for transmitting energy taken from the feed line side surface (2032) or transferring energy of received electromagnetic waves to the feed line side surface (2032); the dummy antennas (D _ A) are arranged on the antenna side surfaces (2031), and the at least two antenna sub-arrays (201) are positioned between the dummy antennas (D _ A).

Description

Millimeter wave antenna, antenna assembly, millimeter wave radar system and movable platform

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a millimeter wave antenna, an antenna assembly, a millimeter wave radar system and a movable platform.

Background

Millimeter wave radars are radars that operate in the millimeter wave band (millimeter wave) for detection. The wavelength of the millimeter wave is between centimeter wave and light wave, the ability of penetrating fog, smoke and dust is strong, and the millimeter wave has the characteristics of all weather and all day long.

The millimeter wave radar can provide multichannel amplitude and phase signal data for an angle measurement algorithm by performing one-dimensional or two-dimensional distribution on multiple antennas in space, so that an angle measurement function is realized; and further provides the position information of the target to be measured, including speed, distance, angle, such as the angle of the horizontal plane or the pitching plane. But the number of antennas of a practical millimeter wave radar is limited due to the manufacturing and fabrication costs and the number of channels of the existing transceiver chip. In the environment of a limited number of antenna arrays, the array environment of each sub-array is different, the coupling situation is different, and an edge effect is generated, that is, the antenna directional patterns respectively positioned at the edge of the array and the center of the array are different, so that the amplitude phase consistency among channels is further deteriorated. The amplitude and phase consistency among the channels influences the angle measurement precision, so that the amplitude and phase consistency of the antenna must be considered in the antenna design suitable for the millimeter wave radar system.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on this, this application provides a millimeter wave antenna, antenna module, millimeter wave radar system and movable platform, aims at strengthening millimeter wave radar antenna's amplitude and phase uniformity to improve millimeter wave radar's angle measurement precision.

According to a first aspect of the present application, there is provided a millimeter wave antenna comprising:

the antenna substrate is provided with an antenna side surface and a feeder line side surface which is arranged opposite to the antenna side surface;

the antenna array is arranged on the side surface of the antenna and comprises at least two antenna sub-arrays which are arranged in parallel, and the antenna sub-arrays are used for transmitting the energy acquired from the side surface of the feeder line or transmitting the energy of the received electromagnetic wave to the side surface of the feeder line;

the antenna further comprises at least two dummy antennas arranged on the side faces of the antenna, the dummy antennas are parallel to the at least two antenna sub-arrays, and the at least two antenna sub-arrays used for receiving electromagnetic waves are located between the at least two dummy antennas.

According to a second aspect of the present application, there is provided a millimeter wave antenna comprising:

the antenna comprises an antenna substrate, a plurality of dielectric plates and at least one metal isolation layer, wherein the dielectric plates are stacked and the metal isolation layer is positioned between the adjacent dielectric plates;

the antenna subarray is arranged on the side face of the antenna and comprises a central patch, a first series feed line array connected to one end of the central patch and a second series feed line array connected to the other end of the central patch;

the feed patch is arranged on the side surface of the feed line and is opposite to the central patch of the antenna subarray;

the antenna waveguide patch is arranged on the side surface of the antenna and is arranged on the periphery of the central patch of the antenna subarray;

the feed waveguide patch is arranged on the side face of the feed line and arranged on the periphery of the feed patch, and is connected to the antenna waveguide patch on the periphery of the central patch which is arranged opposite to the feed patch through a plurality of first metalized through holes, and the first metalized through holes penetrate through the feed waveguide patch, the antenna substrate and the antenna waveguide patch.

According to a third aspect of the present application, there is provided an antenna feeding structure of a millimeter wave antenna, the structure including:

the antenna waveguide patch is arranged on the side face of the antenna and arranged on the periphery of the central patch of the antenna subarray, and is connected to the side face of the feeder line through a plurality of first metalized through holes penetrating through the antenna substrate.

According to a fourth aspect of the present application, there is provided a feeder feeding structure of a millimeter wave antenna, the structure including:

the antenna subarray is arranged on the side surface of the antenna;

the feed patch is arranged on the side surface of the antenna and is opposite to the antenna subarray;

and the feed waveguide patch is arranged on the side surface of the feed line, arranged on the periphery of the feed patch, and connected to the side surface of the antenna through a plurality of first metallized through holes penetrating through the antenna substrate so as to be electromagnetically coupled with the antenna subarray on the side surface of the antenna.

According to a fifth aspect of the present application, there is provided a dummy antenna structure of a millimeter wave antenna, the structure including:

the dummy antenna is arranged on the side surface of the antenna and comprises a central patch;

the load assembly is arranged on the side surface of the feeder line and is opposite to the central patch of the dummy antenna;

the dummy waveguide patch is arranged on the side face of the antenna and on the periphery of the central patch of the dummy antenna, and is connected to the side face of the feeder line through a plurality of second metalized through holes penetrating through the antenna substrate so as to be electromagnetically coupled with the load assembly.

According to a sixth aspect of the present application, there is provided an antenna assembly comprising a transceiver and a millimeter wave antenna electrically connected to the transceiver, the millimeter wave antenna comprising:

According to a seventh aspect of the present application, there is provided an antenna assembly comprising a transceiver and a millimeter wave antenna electrically connected to the transceiver, the millimeter wave antenna comprising:

According to an eighth aspect of the present application, there is provided a millimeter wave radar system comprising a signal processing device and the aforementioned antenna assembly;

the signal processing device is used for acquiring radar signals output by the transceiver of the antenna assembly and processing the radar signals to obtain the azimuth information of a target object relative to the millimeter wave radar system.

According to a ninth aspect of the present application, there is provided a movable platform comprising a signal processing device and the aforementioned antenna assembly;

The embodiment of the application provides a millimeter wave antenna, an antenna assembly, a millimeter wave radar system and a movable platform, wherein the millimeter wave antenna in a back feed mode is realized by arranging an antenna array on the side surface of an antenna substrate, which is opposite to the side surface of a feeder line, so that the influence of the transmission feeder line on the antenna is reduced, the interference of a feed part on a receiving antenna is prevented, and the amplitude consistency of a receiving antenna directional pattern in the antenna array is improved; the dummy antennas are arranged on the two sides of the receiving antenna, so that the receiving antenna is in a similar array environment, the edge effect generated by the actual design of the antenna is reduced, and the antenna directional patterns of the receiving antennas are high in consistency; thereby, the angle measurement accuracy of the millimeter wave antenna can be improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna side surface of a millimeter wave antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a configuration of an embodiment of a feeder side of the millimeter wave antenna of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a feed side of the millimeter wave antenna of FIG. 1;

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the energy coupling of the receive antenna and the dummy antenna of fig. 1;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the antenna substrate and the first metallized via;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of one embodiment of the antenna subarray of FIG. 1;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a feed patch, a feed waveguide patch, to the side of the feed line in fig. 2/3;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the dummy antenna in fig. 1;

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of the load assembly of FIG. 2;

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of the load assembly of FIG. 3;

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of an antenna substrate and a metallized blind via;

FIG. 12 is a diagram of the relative phase between the receive antennas of each channel without dummy antennas;

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the relative phase distribution between the receiving antennas of each channel when the dummy antenna is connected to a radiation-type load;

FIG. 14 is a diagram of the relative phase distribution between the receiving antennas of each channel when the dummy antenna is connected to a lossy type load;

fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a millimeter wave radar system according to an embodiment of the present application.

Description of reference numerals:

203. an antenna substrate; 2031. an antenna side; 2032. a feeder line side; 2033. a dielectric plate; 2034. a metal isolation layer;

200. an antenna array; 201. an antenna subarray; TX, transmit antenna; RX, receiving antenna; d _ A, a dummy antenna; 204. a central patch; 505. a first series-fed array; 506. a second series-fed array; 502. micro-strip paster; 501. an antenna waveguide patch;

103. a transceiver; 106. a first coupled signal; 107. a second coupled signal; 104. emitting the wave; 105. reflecting the wave;

600. feeding patches; 601. a feed waveguide patch; 6011. a first void portion; 6012. a first opening portion; 603. an open branch knot; 604. a first impedance transformation section; 605. a feeder line;

11. a first slit; 12. a second slit; 13. a third gap; 14. a fourth gap; 21. a first open seam; 22. a second opening gap; 23. windowing; 606. a first metallized via;

700. a load assembly; 710. a dummy waveguide patch; 701. a first patch; 702. a second patch; 703. a second metallized via;

810. a load connection patch; 801. loading a waveguide patch; 802. a third metallized via; 803. a fourth opening gap; 820. loading a patch; 805. metallizing the blind hole; 806. a third opening gap; 807. a microstrip transmission line; 808. a second impedance transformation section;

1000. a millimeter wave radar system; 1100. a signal processing device; 1200. an antenna assembly.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

It is also to be understood that the terminology used in the description of the present application herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used in the specification of the present application and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

It should be further understood that the term "and/or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

The inventor of the application finds that the influence of the antenna feed line on the amplitude-phase consistency of the multi-channel received signals is large. The antenna feeding technology in the millimeter wave radar system usually adopts a side feeding mode, that is, a transmission line for transmitting microwave signals, which is led out by a radar transceiver chip, and an antenna main body are on the same layer of a printed circuit board and connected to the side of an antenna. The problems with this technique are mainly: the amplitude and phase difference of the multichannel receiving signals can be brought by the space radiation effect of the transmission feeder line; and the surface wave effect of the transmission feeder line can cause coupling among all receiving channels, thereby causing signal amplitude and phase difference.

The inventor of the present application has also found that the antenna layout has a large influence on the amplitude-phase consistency of the multi-channel received signal. An antenna system in the millimeter wave radar system belongs to an array antenna model with limited size and limited sub-array number. Compared with an array antenna model with an infinite subarray number, the finite number model has the disadvantages that because the array environment of each subarray is different and the coupling situation is different, an edge effect is generated, namely, antenna directional diagrams respectively positioned at the edge of the array and the center of the array are different, and further amplitude phase consistency among channels is deteriorated.

In view of this finding, the inventors of the present application have improved the antenna of the millimeter wave radar to realize enhancement of the amplitude-phase consistency of the antenna of the millimeter wave radar, so as to improve the angle measurement accuracy of the millimeter wave radar.

Some embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below and the features of the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

An embodiment of the present application provides a millimeter wave antenna, please refer to fig. 1, fig. 2, and fig. 3, where fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna side surface 2031 of the millimeter wave antenna, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a feeder side surface 2032 of the millimeter wave antenna, and fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the feeder side surface 2032 of the millimeter wave antenna.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the antenna includes an antenna substrate 203 and an antenna array 200.

The antenna substrate 203 has an antenna side surface 2031 and a feed line side surface 2032 opposite to the antenna side surface 2031; the antenna array 200 is disposed on the antenna side 2031, and the antenna array 200 includes at least two antenna sub-arrays 201 arranged in parallel.

Specifically, the antenna sub-array 201 is used to transmit energy taken from the feed line side 2032 or to transfer energy of a received electromagnetic wave to the feed line side 2032.

As shown in fig. 1, the antenna side 2031 may be provided with a transmitting antenna TX for transmitting energy taken from the feeder side 2032, and may be provided with a receiving antenna RX for transferring energy of received electromagnetic waves to the feeder side 2032.

Illustratively, the transmitting antenna TX receives a power signal from a transmitter chip and converts the power signal into a spatial electromagnetic wave signal, so as to complete a transmitting signal required for radar detection. As fig. 1 illustrates a millimeter-wave antenna including a single-channel transmit antenna TX, embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

Illustratively, the receive antenna RX is an active receive antenna RX connected to the receiver chip directly through a transmission feed line 605. As shown in fig. 1, the millimeter wave antenna includes an effective receiving antenna RX of four channels, but the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the antenna further includes at least two dummy antennas D _ a disposed on the antenna side surface 2031, the dummy antennas D _ a are parallel to the at least two antenna sub-arrays 201, and the at least two antenna sub-arrays 201 for receiving electromagnetic waves are located between the at least two dummy antennas D _ a.

Illustratively, the dummy antenna D _ a may be used to reduce the amplitude and phase difference of the receiving channel. For example, the dummy antenna D _ a does not directly provide a reception signal.

As shown in fig. 1, the left and right sides of the four receiving antennas RX are respectively provided with a dummy antenna D _ a. In other embodiments, a plurality of dummy antennas D _ a may be disposed on the left and/or right side of the receiving antenna RX.

Fig. 4 is a simplified schematic diagram of the millimeter wave antenna.

For convenience of description, the present embodiment is described by taking a millimeter wave antenna of a one-dimensional Uniform Line Array (ULA) as an example, but should not be taken as an exclusion to other forms of antennas, for example, a case where the millimeter wave antenna is a two-dimensional area Array is not excluded.

As shown in fig. 4, the four-channel receiving antennas RX are directly wired to the receiving channel of the transceiver 103, and two dummy antennas D _ a are respectively placed on both sides of the four receiving antennas RX.

In this array layout, the energy coupling situation of the antenna array 200 can be described as follows: taking the first leftmost receiving antenna RX as an example: when the receiving antenna RX is in the receiving mode, the common effects of the first coupling signal 106 of the left dummy antenna D _ a and the second coupling signal 107 of the right adjacent receiving antenna RX are obtained, and these effects are combined with the distribution of the emergent wave 104 and the reflected wave 105 on the line of the power signal actually received by the leftmost receiving antenna RX from the air interface, wherein the emergent wave 104 is transmitted from the receiving antenna RX to the receiving port of the transceiver 103, and the reflected wave 105 is transmitted from the receiving port of the transceiver 103 to the receiving antenna RX.

The pattern of the receive antennas RX in the array environment can be expressed as an energy summation effect, the energy amplitude being influenced by other channel antenna forms and their end load conditions, which effect can be represented by the first coupled energy and the second coupled energy, for example. Therefore, the coupling effect of the dummy antenna D _ a on the receiving antenna RX at the edge is approximately the same or completely the same as that of the receiving antenna RX at the middle, or the receiving antennas RX in the limited ULA are all in a similar array environment, so as to reduce the "edge effect" caused by the actual design of the antenna. The antenna patterns of the receiving antennas RX are highly uniform.

When the radar calculates the angle of the reflection point, it may use music (multiple Signal classification) and dbf (digital Beam forming) algorithms, which are based on the amplitude and phase consistency model of the multi-channel receiving antenna RX. By arranging the dummy antennas D _ a on two sides of the antenna subarray 201 for receiving electromagnetic waves, the amplitude-phase consistency of the antenna directional diagram of the receiving antenna RX is improved, and the reduction of angle measurement precision caused by amplitude-phase difference caused by antenna directional diagram inconsistency due to the introduction of receiving channel data can be prevented.

It will be appreciated that if the antenna array 200 and the feed body are on the same side of the antenna substrate 203, pattern uniformity is degraded.

As shown in fig. 1 to fig. 3, the antenna array 200 and the main feed body, which are antenna main bodies, are disposed on two sides of the circuit board in a back feed manner, that is, the antenna array 200 is disposed on the antenna side surface 2031, and the structure for feeding is disposed on the feed side surface 2032 disposed opposite to the antenna side surface 2031, so that electromagnetic interference on the antenna subarray 201 on the antenna array 200 during the feeding process on the feed side surface 2032 can be reduced, and the directional pattern consistency of the antenna subarray 201 is higher.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 5, the antenna substrate 203 includes a plurality of stacked dielectric plates 2033 and at least one metal isolation layer 2034, the metal isolation layer 2034 being located between adjacent dielectric plates 2033. The plurality of stacked dielectric plates 2033 have an antenna side surface 2031 and a feed line side surface 2032 disposed opposite the antenna side surface 2031. The metal spacer 2034 includes, for example, copper foil. It is to be understood that fig. 5 is merely an illustration of the structure of the antenna substrate, and the length, width or thickness of each dielectric plate and the metal isolation layer and the ratio therebetween are not particularly limited.

Illustratively, the at least one metal isolation layer 2034 serves as a "ground" to provide isolation between the antenna side 2031 and the feed line side 2032 on either side of the antenna substrate 203.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the dummy antennas D _ a are the same shape as the antenna sub-array 201 located between the dummy antennas D _ a. Therefore, the coupling energy effect of the dummy antenna D _ a on the antenna subarray 201 can be equal to the coupling energy effect of the antenna subarray 201 on the antenna subarray 201, and the directional diagram consistency of the antenna subarray 201 is further improved.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the dummy antenna D _ a and the antenna subarray 201 both include a series-fed array, but the application example is not limited thereto.

Illustratively, as shown in fig. 1, the dummy antenna D _ a and the antenna subarray 201 each include a central patch 204, and a first series-feed array 505 and a second series-feed array 506. Wherein the center patch 204 is disposed on the antenna side 2031; a first series of feed lines 505 disposed on the antenna side 2031 and connected to one end of the center patch 204; and a second series-feed array 506 disposed on the antenna side 2031 and connected to the other end of the central patch 204.

Illustratively, as shown in fig. 6, each of the first series-feed line 505 and the second series-feed line 506 includes a plurality of microstrip patches 502 connected in series.

Specifically, the central patch 204 of the antenna subarray 201 is fed by the power signal transmitted from the feeder side 2032, and is conducted to both sides on the antenna main body conforming to the tapering distribution, so that a low side lobe level in the elevation dimension of the directional pattern is realized.

Illustratively, the dummy antenna D _ a, the first series-feed array 505 and the second series-feed array 506 of the antenna sub-array 201 are symmetrically disposed on the antenna side 2031 with respect to the respective central patch 204. The position of the central patch 204 is thus the position of the equivalent antenna phase center of the antenna sub-array 201.

Illustratively, as shown in fig. 1, the dummy antenna D _ a, the central patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201 are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the first serial feed line array 505.

Specifically, the dummy antenna D _ a and the central patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201 are arranged along a straight line, which is convenient for the arrangement of the antenna array 200 on the antenna side surface 2031, and reduces the electromagnetic coupling between the central patch 204 and the other dummy antennas D _ a, the first series-feed array 505 of the antenna sub-array 201, and the second series-feed array 506, thereby improving the directional diagram consistency of the antenna sub-array 201.

In some embodiments, the dummy antennas D _ a and the antenna subarrays 201 located between the dummy antennas D _ a are distributed at equal intervals, and the arrangement direction of the dummy antennas D _ a and the antenna subarrays 201 located between the dummy antennas D _ a is perpendicular to a first direction, and the first direction is parallel to the antenna subarrays 201.

By distributing the dummy antenna D _ a and the antenna subarrays 201 at equal intervals, the array environments of the different antenna subarrays 201 are more consistent, and the antenna directional patterns of the receiving antennas RX are more consistent.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the feed patch 600 is disposed on the feed side 2032 opposite to the center patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201, and the feed patch 600 is electromagnetically coupled to the center patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201.

Wherein the feeding patch 600 of the transmitting antenna TX receives an output power signal from a transmitter through the transmission feeder 605, and the feeding patch 600 of the receiving antenna RX converts an electromagnetic wave signal of a specific frequency in space into a power signal to be transmitted to a receiver through the transmission feeder 605.

Specifically, the feeding patch 600 is electromagnetically coupled to the central patch 204 of the antenna subarray 201, so that the feeding patch 600 of the transmitting antenna TX transmits the received output power signal to the transmitting antenna TX to transmit an electromagnetic wave signal to the outside, and the receiving antenna RX transmits the received electromagnetic wave signal to the feeding patch 600 of the receiving antenna RX, so that the feeding patch 600 converts the electromagnetic wave signal into a power signal and transmits the power signal to the receiver through the transmission feeder 605.

In some embodiments, the feed patch 600 is electrically connected to the central patch 204 of the antenna subarray 201 through a metal pillar penetrating through the antenna substrate 203, and the processing process is simple.

In other embodiments, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the millimeter wave antenna further includes: an antenna waveguide patch 501 and a feed waveguide patch 601.

As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 7, the feeding waveguide patch 601 is disposed on the feeding line side 2032 and on the outer periphery of the feeding patch 600.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 7, a first slot 11 is provided between the feed patch 600 corresponding to the antenna subarray 201 and the feed waveguide patch 601 corresponding to the antenna subarray 201, so as to isolate current conduction between the feed patch 600 and the feed waveguide patch 601.

As shown in fig. 6, the antenna waveguide patch 501 is disposed on the antenna side surface 2031 and on the outer periphery of the central patch 204 of the antenna subarray 201.

Specifically, a second slot 12 is provided between the central patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201 and the antenna waveguide patch 501 of the antenna sub-array 201, so as to isolate the current conduction between the central patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201 and the antenna waveguide patch 501.

In some embodiments, the feed patch 600 and the central patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201 enable guided wave transmission through a waveguide structure.

Illustratively, as shown in fig. 5, 6 and 7, the feed waveguide patch 601 is connected to the antenna waveguide patch 501 at the periphery of the central patch 204 disposed opposite to the feed patch 600 through a plurality of first metallized through holes 606, and the first metallized through holes 606 are formed through the antenna substrate 203.

As shown in fig. 5, the plurality of first metallized through holes 606 and the antenna waveguide patch 501 and the feed waveguide patch 601 on both sides form a relatively closed cavity, so that electromagnetic waves transmitted between the central patch 204 and the feed patch 600 can be confined in the cavity, the transmission efficiency is high, and the interference to the outside is small.

The antenna waveguide patch 501, the feed waveguide patch 601 and the first metallized through hole 606 form a waveguide structure to perform guided wave transmission on the power signal, and the process can be that the power signal is output from a port of a transmitter and transmitted to the antenna sub-array 201 through the waveguide structure, or that the excited signal of the antenna sub-array 201 is transmitted to a port of a receiver through the waveguide structure.

Specifically, the plurality of first metalized through holes 606 are arranged around the central patch 204 of the antenna subarray 201, so that the efficiency of transmitting electromagnetic waves between the central patch 204 and the feed patch 600 is higher, and the interference to the outside is smaller.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the metal isolation layer 2034 disposed adjacent to the antenna side 2031 is provided with a first open slot 21 at a location corresponding to the center patch 204; as shown in fig. 5 and 7, the metal isolation layer 2034 disposed adjacent to the feed line side surface 2032 is provided with a second open slot 22 at a position corresponding to the feed patch 600; as shown in fig. 5, the remaining metal isolation layer 2034 is provided with a window 23 at a position corresponding to the first open slit 21 and the second open slit 22. The first open slot 21, the second open slot 22, and the window 23 may facilitate transmission of electromagnetic waves between the center patch 204 and the power feeding patch 600.

The central patch 204 of the antenna subarray 201 is coupled with the first open slot 21 on the surface of the rectangular waveguide port, so that the power signal is effectively transmitted.

Illustratively, the area of the open window 23 is larger than the areas of the first open slot 21 and the second open slot 22, so as to reduce the leakage of electromagnetic waves between the central patch 204 and the power feeding patch 600 and reduce the transmission loss.

For example, the dielectric plate 2033 of the antenna substrate 203 may be a low-loss dielectric plate, or a high-loss dielectric plate, or a part of the low-loss dielectric plate and another part of the high-loss dielectric plate. The parts of the high-loss dielectric plate corresponding to the first opening slot 21, the second opening slot 22 and the window 23 can be hollowed out, so that transmission of electromagnetic waves between the central patch 204 and the feed patch 600 is facilitated.

Illustratively, the dielectric plate 2033 of the antenna substrate 203 adjacent to the antenna side surface 2031 and the dielectric plate 2033 adjacent to the feeding line side surface 2032 are low-loss dielectric plates, and the portions corresponding to the first open slot 21 and the second open slot 22 may not be hollowed out, so that the patches can be conveniently arranged thereon, and the loss of the electromagnetic wave transmitted between the center patch 204 and the feeding patch 600 is small.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 7, the feed waveguide patch 601 includes:

a first gap 6011 located in the middle of the feed waveguide patch 601;

the first opening 6012 is located outside the feed waveguide patch 601 in communication with the first gap 6011.

The feeding patch 600 includes:

an open branch node 603 located at the first gap 6011;

the first impedance conversion node 604 is located at the first opening 6012, and has one end connected to the open stub 603 and the other end connected to the feeder 605.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a feeding structure in an embodiment of the millimeter wave antenna, where the feeding structure is a switching portion on an output and input signal path of the millimeter wave antenna. The metal patch etched on the feed line side 2032 of the antenna substrate 203, such as the feed patch 600 and the first metalized via 606, form a waveguide structure for guided wave transmission of the power signal.

In particular, the feed line 605 may be a microstrip feed line 605, presenting a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms, the extension of which may be connected to the transmit and receive ports of the chip.

Illustratively, the feed line 605 is connected to the coplanar waveguide open stub 603 via a series-type first impedance transformation junction 604. Due to the terminal condition of the open-circuit stub 603, a coupling effect can be generated with the second open slot 22 on the surface of the waveguide structure formed by the first impedance transformation stub 604 and the first metalized through hole 606, so that the power signal is effectively transmitted, and the second open slot 22 is located right below the coplanar waveguide open-circuit stub 603.

In some embodiments, the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D _ a is used to transmit electromagnetic wave signals sensed by the dummy antenna D _ a to the feed side 2032 of the antenna substrate 203, and this portion of the electromagnetic wave energy is dissipated by the load structure of the feed side 2032, e.g., radiated or dissipated at the feed side 2032.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, a load component 700 is further disposed on the feeding line side surface 2032, and the load component 700 is disposed opposite to the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D _ a and is electromagnetically coupled to the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D _ a.

Illustratively, the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D _ a receives electromagnetic wave signals of a specific frequency in space and transmits the electromagnetic wave signal energy to the load component 700 through electromagnetic coupling with the load component 700, and the load component 700 consumes the electromagnetic wave energy, for example, radiates or is lost at the feed line side 2032.

In some embodiments, the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D _ a and the load component 700 are electrically connected through a metal post penetrating through the antenna substrate 203, and the processing process is simple.

In other embodiments, as shown in fig. 8, the dummy antenna D _ a further includes a dummy waveguide patch 710 disposed on the antenna side 2031 and disposed at the outer periphery of the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D _ a.

Illustratively, the dummy waveguide patch 710 may be identical in structure to the antenna waveguide patch 501, as shown in fig. 2.

Specifically, a third slot 13 is provided between the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D _ a and the dummy waveguide patch 710 of the dummy antenna D _ a, so as to isolate the current conduction between the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D _ a and the dummy waveguide patch 710.

In some embodiments, the load component 700 and the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D _ a enable guided wave transmission through the waveguide structure.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2 and 9, the load assembly 700 includes:

a first patch 701 disposed on the side surface 2032 of the feed line and disposed opposite to the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D _ a;

the second patch 702 is disposed on the feeder side surface 2032 and on the outer periphery of the first patch 701.

Illustratively, as shown in fig. 9, a fourth gap 14 is provided between the first patch 701 of the load assembly 700 and the second patch 702 of the load assembly 700. In particular, the first patch 701 and the second patch 702 are partially connected.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, 8 and 9, the second patch 702 is connected to the dummy waveguide patch 710 on the periphery of the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D _ a through a plurality of second metalized through holes 703, and the second metalized through holes 703 are formed through the antenna substrate 203.

The plurality of second metallized through holes 703, the first patches 701 on two sides, and the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D _ a form a relatively closed chamber, so that electromagnetic waves transmitted between the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D _ a and the first patches 701 can be limited in the chamber, the transmission efficiency is high, and the interference to the outside is small.

The waveguide structure is formed by the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D _ a, the first patch 701 and the second metalized through hole 703 to perform guided wave transmission on the power signal, and this process may be that electromagnetic wave energy received by the dummy antenna D _ a is collected to the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D _ a, and then transmitted to the first patch 701 of the load component 700 through the waveguide structure, so as to excite the multi-resonant mode of the broadband slot antenna formed by the first patch 701 and the fourth slot 14, and thus, the energy is radiated and consumed.

Specifically, the plurality of second metalized through holes 703 are arranged around the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D _ a, so that the efficiency of transmitting electromagnetic waves between the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D _ a and the first patch 701 is higher, and the interference to the outside is smaller.

Specifically, the load assembly 700 of this embodiment is a radial load structure. The mechanism is that the electromagnetic signal in the internal field form received by the dummy antenna D _ A is transmitted to the space through the radiation type load, and meanwhile, the free space is matched with the dummy antenna D _ A. The radiating load structure may include, for example, a rectangular load structure copper foil, a fourth slot 14 in the load structure copper foil in a "C" shape, a first patch 701 formed by the fourth slot 14 in the load structure copper foil, and a second metalized via 703 processed on the periphery of the load structure copper foil.

The second metalized through hole 703 forms a waveguide structure in a direction perpendicular to the antenna substrate 203, so that low-loss transmission of received energy between the dummy antenna D _ a and the load component 700 can be realized; the fourth slot 14 in the shape of "C" and the first patch 701 form a broadband slot antenna, the broadband slot antenna is widened by exciting multiple resonant modes of the slot antenna, the length and width of the structure of the fourth slot 14 can be changed to adaptively adjust the resonant frequency point, the first patch 701 can change the impedance matching performance, and is not limited to a rectangle, and can be a circle, or a parasitic slot is opened on the surface of the first patch 701 to realize impedance matching.

In other embodiments, as shown in fig. 3 and 10, the load assembly 700 includes a load connection patch 810 and a load patch 820.

The load connection patch 810 is arranged on the feeder line side surface 2032, is arranged opposite to the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D _ a, and is electromagnetically coupled with the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D _ a; and a load patch 820 connected to the load connection patch 810.

Illustratively, the structure of the load connection patch 810 may be the same as that of the feed patch 600.

Illustratively, as shown in fig. 10, a load waveguide patch 801 is also provided on the feed line side 2032.

The load waveguide patch 801 is disposed on the periphery of the load connection patch 810, and is connected to the dummy waveguide patch 710 on the periphery of the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D _ a through a plurality of third metalized through holes 802, and the third metalized through holes 802 are disposed through the antenna substrate 203.

Specifically, a plurality of third metallized through holes 802 are disposed around the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D _ a.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, 8 and 10, the metal isolation layer 2034 disposed adjacent to the antenna side surface 2031 is provided with a first open slot 21 at a position corresponding to the center patch 204, the metal isolation layer 2034 disposed adjacent to the feeder side surface 2032 is provided with a fourth open slot 803 at a position corresponding to the load connection patch 810, and the remaining metal isolation layer 2034 is provided with windows at positions corresponding to the first open slot 21 and the fourth open slot 803.

For example, the structures and operating principles of the load connection patch 810, the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D _ a, the load waveguide patch 801, the dummy waveguide patch 710 of the dummy antenna D _ a, the third metalized through hole 802, and the like may refer to the structures and operating principles of the aforementioned feed patch 600, the central patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201, the feed waveguide patch 601, the antenna waveguide patch 501 at the periphery of the central patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201, the first metalized through hole 606, and the like; the structures of the opening slot, the window 23, and the like of the metal isolation layer 2034 on the antenna substrate 203 may also refer to the first opening slot 21, the second opening slot 22, and the window 23, which are not described herein again.

The waveguide structure is formed by the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D _ a, the load connection patch 810 and the third metalized through hole 802 to conduct guided wave transmission on the power signal, and the process can be that electromagnetic wave energy received by the dummy antenna D _ a is collected to the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D _ a, then is transmitted to the load connection patch 810 of the load component 700 through the waveguide structure, and then the load connection patch 810 conducts the electromagnetic wave energy to the load patch 820 for consumption.

Illustratively, as shown in fig. 10 and 11, the load patch 820 is connected to the antenna substrate 203 by a plurality of metallized blind vias 805.

Specifically, the load assembly 700 of this embodiment is a loss-type load structure. The implementation mechanism is that a power signal in an internal field form received by the dummy antenna D _ a is conducted to the load patch 820, and the load patch 820 conducts the energy to a high-loss dielectric plate inside the antenna substrate 203 for dissipation, and the matching characteristic is obtained when the antenna looks into a transmission port.

Illustratively, as shown in fig. 10 and 11, the loss-type load structure specifically includes: the metal isolation layer 2034 adjacent to the feed line side 2032 is provided with a third open slot 806 at a position corresponding to the load patch 820, and the plurality of metallized blind holes 805 connect the load patch 820 and one of the metal isolation layers 2034, so that the load patch 820, the metallized blind holes 805, and the metal isolation layer 2034 form a planar cavity structure.

The microstrip transmission line 807 is a 50-ohm characteristic impedance microstrip transmission line 807 that receives an electromagnetic signal from the load connection patch 810 of the dummy antenna D _ a; the second impedance transformation node 808 is used to implement impedance transformation matching and is located between the microstrip transmission line 807 and the planar cavity structure.

The action mechanism of the loss type load structure is to conduct a received signal on the dummy antenna D _ a to the load patch 820 in a matching manner, and the received signal is guided by the load patch 820 to the high-loss dielectric plate of the antenna substrate 203 through the third open slot 806 and the metallized blind hole 805 to be dissipated.

The load condition of the dummy antenna D _ a affects the coupling environment of the receiving antenna RX, where the coupling environment refers to the surface current distribution generated on the surface of the antenna due to the coupling effect, and the affecting factors of the condition include the form of the antenna and the load condition connected to the antenna. When the leftmost receiving antenna RX in fig. 1 or fig. 4 is excited by a spatial electromagnetic wave to operate, the dummy antenna D _ a closest to the spatial distance and the receiving antenna RX are coupled and affected, and both contribute to the coupling environment of the leftmost receiving antenna RX. In practice, the second receiving antenna RX on the left is matched to the internal output impedance of the receiver chip by a transmission feed 605 of a certain characteristic impedance, which is typically 50 ohms or constant at the operating frequency band. Thus, the antenna forms of the dummy antenna D _ a and the receive antenna RX are identical in some embodiments.

By the radiation type load structure or the loss type load structure of the load component 700, it is possible to create a coupling environment and a matching condition similar to each other for the receiving antenna RX.

For example, as shown in fig. 12, the distribution diagram of the relative phase between the receiving antennas RX of each channel when the dummy antenna D _ a is not provided, as shown in fig. 13, the distribution diagram of the relative phase between the receiving antennas RX of each channel when the dummy antenna D _ a is connected to the radiation type load shown in fig. 9, and as shown in fig. 14, the distribution diagram of the relative phase between the receiving antennas RX of each channel when the dummy antenna D _ a is connected to the loss type load shown in fig. 10, it can be seen that the phase consistency is improved in the spatial coverage angle range and at large angles when the dummy antenna D _ a is provided.

According to the millimeter wave antenna provided by the embodiment of the application, the antenna array 200 is arranged on the antenna side surface 2031 of the antenna substrate 203, which is opposite to the feeder side surface 2032, so that the millimeter wave antenna in a back feed mode is realized, the influence of the transmission feeder 605 on the antenna is reduced, the interference of a feed part on the receiving antenna RX is prevented, and the amplitude consistency of the receiving antenna RX directional diagram in the antenna array 200 is improved; the dummy antennas D _ A are arranged on the two sides of the receiving antenna RX, so that the receiving antenna RX is in a similar array environment, the edge effect generated by the actual design of the antenna is reduced, and the consistency of antenna directional patterns of all the receiving antennas RX is high; thereby, the angle measurement accuracy of the millimeter wave antenna can be improved.

It can be understood that a millimeter wave antenna provided in the embodiments of the present application may refer to fig. 1 to 11 in combination with the above embodiments.

Specifically, the millimeter wave antenna includes:

an antenna substrate 203 having a plurality of stacked dielectric plates 2033 and at least one metal isolation layer 2034, the metal isolation layer 2034 being located between adjacent dielectric plates 2033, the plurality of stacked dielectric plates 2033 having an antenna side surface 2031 and a feed line side surface 2032 disposed opposite to the antenna side surface 2031;

the antenna subarray 201 is arranged on the antenna side surface 2031 and comprises a central patch 204, a first series-feed array 505 connected to one end of the central patch 204 and a second series-feed array 506 connected to the other end of the central patch 204;

a feed patch 600 disposed on the feed line side 2032 and disposed opposite to the center patch 204 of the antenna subarray 201;

an antenna waveguide patch 501 provided on the antenna side surface 2031 and provided on the outer periphery of the center patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201;

the feed waveguide patch 601 is disposed on the feeder side surface 2032 and on the periphery of the feed patch 600, and is connected to the antenna waveguide patch 501 on the periphery of the central patch 204 disposed opposite to the feed patch 600 through a plurality of first metallized through holes 606, and the first metallized through holes 606 penetrate through the feed waveguide patch 601, the antenna substrate 203 and the antenna waveguide patch 501.

In some embodiments, the antenna comprises at least two antenna sub-arrays 201 for receiving electromagnetic waves.

Illustratively, the antenna further comprises:

at least two dummy antennas D _ a are disposed on the antenna side 2031, the dummy antennas D _ a are parallel to the antenna subarray 201, and the antenna subarray 201 for receiving electromagnetic waves is located between the at least two dummy antennas D _ a.

Illustratively, the dummy antennas D _ a are the same shape as the antenna sub-array 201 located between the dummy antennas D _ a.

Illustratively, the dummy antenna D _ a, the first series-feed array 505 and the second series-feed array 506 of the antenna sub-array 201 are symmetrically disposed on the antenna side 2031 with respect to the respective central patch 204.

Illustratively, the dummy antenna D _ a and the central patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201 are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the first serial feed line array 505.

Illustratively, the dummy antennas D _ a and the antenna subarrays 201 located between the dummy antennas D _ a are distributed at equal intervals, and the arrangement direction of the dummy antennas D _ a and the antenna subarrays 201 located between the dummy antennas D _ a is perpendicular to a first direction, and the first direction is parallel to the antenna subarrays 201.

Illustratively, the feed line side 2032 further comprises:

the load component 700 is disposed on the feed side 2032, is disposed opposite to the center patch 204 of the dummy antenna D _ a, and is electromagnetically coupled to the center patch 204 of the dummy antenna D _ a.

Exemplarily, the dummy antenna D _ a further includes:

the dummy waveguide patch 710 is disposed on the antenna side 2031 and on the outer periphery of the center patch 204 of the dummy antenna D _ a.

Illustratively, the load assembly 700 includes:

a second patch 702, which is disposed on the feed line side 2032, is disposed on the periphery of the first patch 701, and is connected to the dummy waveguide patch 710 on the periphery of the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D _ a through a plurality of second metallized through holes 703, and the second metallized through holes 703 are disposed through the antenna substrate 203;

the first patch 701 and the second patch 702 are partially connected.

Illustratively, the load assembly 700 includes:

a load connection patch 810 arranged on the feeder side surface 2032, arranged opposite to the center patch 204 of the dummy antenna D _ a, and electromagnetically coupled with the center patch 204 of the dummy antenna D _ a;

and a load patch 820 connected to the load connection patch 810.

Illustratively, the feed line side 2032 further comprises:

and the load waveguide patch 801 is arranged on the periphery of the load connection patch 810, is connected to the dummy waveguide patch 710 on the periphery of the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D _ A through a plurality of third metalized through holes 802, and the third metalized through holes 802 penetrate through the antenna substrate 203.

Illustratively, the load patch 820 is coupled to the antenna substrate 203 by a plurality of metallized blind vias 805.

Illustratively, the feed waveguide patch 601 includes:

a first gap 6011 located in the middle of the feed waveguide patch 601;

a first opening portion 6012 that communicates with the first gap portion 6011 and is located outside the feed waveguide patch 601;

the feeding patch 600 includes:

an open branch node 603 located at the first gap 6011;

Illustratively, a first slot 11 is provided between the feed patch 600 corresponding to the antenna subarray 201 and the feed waveguide patch 601 corresponding to the antenna subarray 201.

Illustratively, a second slot 12 is provided between the central patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201 and the antenna waveguide patch 501 of the antenna sub-array 201; a third slot 13 is provided between the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D _ a and the dummy waveguide patch 710 of the dummy antenna D _ a.

Illustratively, a fourth gap 14 is provided between the first patch 701 of the load assembly 700 and the second patch 702 of the load assembly 700.

Illustratively, a plurality of first metallized vias 606 are disposed around the central patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201.

Illustratively, a plurality of second metalized vias 703 are disposed around the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D _ a.

Illustratively, a plurality of third metallized through holes 802 are disposed around the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D _ a.

Illustratively, the metal isolation layer 2034 disposed adjacent to the antenna side 2031 is provided with a first open slot 21 at a position corresponding to the center patch 204, the metal isolation layer 2034 disposed adjacent to the feed line side 2032 is provided with a second open slot 22 at a position corresponding to the feed patch 600, the remaining metal isolation layer 2034 is provided with an open window 23 at a position corresponding to the first open slot 21 and the second open slot 22, and the area of the open window 23 is larger than the areas of the first open slot 21 and the second open slot 22.

Illustratively, the metal isolation layer 2034 disposed adjacent the feed line side 2032 is provided with a third open slot 806 at a location corresponding to the load patch 820.

Illustratively, the metal isolation layer 2034 disposed adjacent to the antenna side 2031 is provided with a first open slot 21 at a position corresponding to the center patch 204, the metal isolation layer 2034 disposed adjacent to the feed line side 2032 is provided with a fourth open slot 803 at a position corresponding to the load connection patch 810, and the remaining metal isolation layer 2034 is provided with an open window 23 at a position corresponding to the first open slot 21 and the fourth open slot 803.

The specific principle and implementation manner of the millimeter wave antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application are similar to those of the millimeter wave antenna of the foregoing embodiment, and are not repeated here.

According to the millimeter wave antenna provided by the embodiment of the application, the antenna waveguide patch 501 on the antenna side surface 2031 and the feed waveguide patch 601 on the feeder side surface 2032 are connected through the metallized through hole penetrating through the antenna substrate 203, so that a waveguide transmission path between the center patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201 and the feed patch 600 on the feeder side surface 2032 is formed, and a feedback type millimeter wave antenna based on waveguide transmission is realized; the amplitude and phase differences of the multi-channel receiving signals caused by the space radiation effect of the transmission feeder line 605 and the coupling among the receiving channels caused by the surface wave effect of the transmission feeder line 605 can be avoided, so that the signal amplitude and phase differences are caused.

It can be understood that, the present application also provides an antenna feeding structure of a millimeter wave antenna, which may refer to fig. 1 to 3 and fig. 5 to 7 in combination with the foregoing embodiments.

Specifically, the antenna feed structure of the millimeter wave antenna includes:

an antenna substrate 203 having an antenna side surface 2031 and a feed line side surface 2032 disposed opposite to the antenna side surface 2031;

the antenna waveguide patch 501 is disposed on the antenna side surface 2031 and on the periphery of the central patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201, and the antenna waveguide patch 501 is connected to the feeder side surface 2032 through a plurality of first metallized through holes 606 penetrating through the antenna substrate 203.

Illustratively, the antenna substrate 203 includes a plurality of stacked dielectric plates 2033 and at least one metal isolation layer 2034, the metal isolation layer 2034 being located between adjacent dielectric plates 2033.

Illustratively, a second slot 12 is provided between the antenna waveguide patch 501 and the central patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201.

Illustratively, the structure further comprises:

the feed patch 600 is disposed on the antenna side 2031, and is disposed opposite to the center patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201 to electromagnetically couple with the antenna waveguide patch 501.

Illustratively, the metal isolation layer 2034 disposed adjacent to the antenna side 2031 is provided with a first open slot 21 at a position corresponding to the center patch 204, the metal isolation layer 2034 disposed adjacent to the feed line side 2032 is provided with a second open slot 22 at a position corresponding to the first open slot 21, and the remaining metal isolation layer 2034 is provided with an open window 23 at a position corresponding to the first open slot 21 and the second open slot 22, wherein the area of the open window 23 is larger than the areas of the first open slot 21 and the second open slot 22.

The antenna feed structure of the millimeter wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application connects the antenna waveguide patch 501 on the antenna side surface 2031 and the feeder side surface 2032 through the metallized through hole penetrating through the antenna substrate 203, so as to form a waveguide transmission path between the center patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201 and the feeder side surface 2032, thereby implementing a waveguide transmission-based back feed type millimeter wave antenna; the amplitude and phase differences of the multi-channel receiving signals caused by the space radiation effect of the transmission feeder line 605 and the coupling among the receiving channels caused by the surface wave effect of the transmission feeder line 605 can be avoided, so that the signal amplitude and phase differences are caused.

It can be understood that, the present application further provides a feeding structure of a feeder 605 of a millimeter wave antenna, which may refer to fig. 1 to 3 and fig. 5 to 7 in combination with the foregoing embodiments.

Specifically, the feeder 605 feed structure includes:

an antenna subarray 201 arranged on the antenna side surface 2031;

a feed patch 600 disposed on the antenna side surface 2031 and disposed opposite to the antenna subarray 201;

the feed waveguide patch 601 is disposed on the feed line side surface 2032, disposed on the periphery of the feed patch 600, and connected to the antenna side surface 2031 through a plurality of first metalized through holes 606 penetrating through the antenna substrate 203 so as to be electromagnetically coupled to the antenna subarray 201 on the antenna side surface 2031.

Illustratively, the feed waveguide patch 601 includes:

a first gap 6011 located in the middle of the feed waveguide patch 601;

illustratively, the feeding patch 600 includes:

an open branch node 603 located at the first gap 6011;

Illustratively, a first slot 11 is provided between the feed patch 600 and the corresponding feed waveguide patch 601.

Illustratively, a plurality of first metallized vias 606 are disposed around the feed patch 600.

Illustratively, the metal isolation layer 2034 disposed adjacent to the feed line side surface 2032 is provided with a second open slot 22 at a position corresponding to the feed patch 600, the metal isolation layer 2034 disposed adjacent to the antenna side surface 2031 is provided with a first open slot 21 at a position corresponding to the second open slot 22, the rest of the metal isolation layer 2034 is provided with an open window 23 at a position corresponding to the first open slot 21 and the second open slot 22, and the area of the open window 23 is larger than the areas of the first open slot 21 and the second open slot 22.

The feed line 605 feed structure of the millimeter wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application connects the feed waveguide patch 601 on the feed line side surface 2032 and the antenna sub-array 201 on the antenna side surface 2031 through the metallized through hole penetrating through the antenna substrate 203 to form a waveguide transmission path between the antenna sub-array 201 and the feed patch 600 on the feed line side surface 2032, thereby implementing a waveguide transmission-based backfeed millimeter wave antenna; the amplitude and phase differences of the multi-channel receiving signals caused by the space radiation effect of the transmission feeder line 605 and the coupling among the receiving channels caused by the surface wave effect of the transmission feeder line 605 can be avoided, so that the signal amplitude and phase differences are caused.

It can be understood that, in the embodiment of the present application, a dummy antenna D _ a structure of a millimeter wave antenna may refer to fig. 1 to 3 and fig. 8 to 11 in combination with the above embodiments.

Specifically, the dummy antenna D _ a structure of the millimeter wave antenna includes:

a dummy antenna D _ a disposed on the antenna side 2031 and including a center patch 204;

the load component 700 is arranged on the feeder line side surface 2032 and is arranged opposite to the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D _ A;

the dummy waveguide patch 710 is disposed on the antenna side surface 2031 and on the periphery of the center patch 204 of the dummy antenna D _ a, and the dummy waveguide patch 710 is connected to the feed line side surface 2032 through a plurality of second metalized through holes 703 penetrating through the antenna substrate 203 so as to be electromagnetically coupled to the load assembly 700.

Illustratively, the load assembly 700 includes:

a second patch 702 disposed on the feeder line side surface 2032 and on the outer periphery of the first patch 701;

the second metalized via 703 communicates the dummy waveguide patch 710 and the second patch 702;

the first patch 701 and the second patch 702 are partially connected.

Illustratively, the load assembly 700 includes:

and a load patch 820 connected to the load connection patch 810.

Illustratively, the feed line side 2032 further comprises:

Illustratively, a third slot 13 is provided between the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D _ a and the dummy waveguide patch 710 of the dummy antenna D _ a.

In the dummy antenna D _ a structure of the millimeter wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application, the load component 700 on the feeder side surface 2032 and the center patch 204 of the dummy antenna D _ a on the antenna side surface 2031 are connected through the metallized through hole penetrating through the antenna substrate 203, so as to form a waveguide transmission path between the dummy antenna D _ a and the load component 700 on the feeder side surface 2032, thereby realizing a back feed type dummy antenna D _ a structure based on waveguide transmission; the electromagnetic wave energy received by the dummy antenna D _ a is transmitted to the back of the antenna and consumed, for example, radiated or consumed at the feed side 2032, which improves the amplitude consistency of the RX pattern of the receiving antenna in the antenna array 200 at the antenna side 2031.

It can be understood that the millimeter wave antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application may be applied to an antenna assembly. Therefore, the embodiment of the present application further provides an antenna assembly, as shown in fig. 4, the antenna assembly includes a transceiver 103 and a millimeter wave antenna electrically connected to the transceiver 103.

Wherein, in some embodiments, the millimeter wave antenna comprises: an antenna substrate 203 having an antenna side surface 2031 and a feed line side surface 2032 disposed opposite to the antenna side surface 2031;

an antenna array 200, disposed on the antenna side surface 2031, including at least two antenna sub-arrays 201 arranged in parallel, where the antenna sub-arrays 201 are configured to transmit energy obtained from the feeder side surface 2032 or transfer energy of received electromagnetic waves to the feeder side surface 2032;

the antenna further includes at least two dummy antennas D _ a disposed on the antenna side surface 2031, the dummy antennas D _ a are parallel to the at least two antenna sub-arrays 201, and the at least two antenna sub-arrays 201 for receiving electromagnetic waves are located between the at least two dummy antennas D _ a.

Wherein, in some embodiments, the millimeter wave antenna comprises:

the antenna subarray 201 is arranged on the antenna side surface 2031 and comprises a central patch 204, a first series of feeder arrays 505 connected to one end of the central patch 204 and a second series of feeder arrays 506 connected to the other end of the central patch 204;

a feed patch 600 disposed on the feed line side 2032 and disposed opposite to the central patch 204 of the antenna subarray 201;

an antenna waveguide patch 501 disposed on the antenna side surface 2031 and disposed on the outer periphery of the central patch 204 of the antenna subarray 201;

the feed waveguide patch 601 is disposed on the feed line side surface 2032 and on the periphery of the feed patch 600, and is connected to the antenna waveguide patch 501 on the periphery of the central patch 204 disposed opposite to the feed patch 600 through a plurality of first metalized through holes 606, and the first metalized through holes 606 are disposed through the feed waveguide patch 601, the antenna substrate 203, and the antenna waveguide patch 501.

It can be understood that the antenna assembly provided by the embodiment of the application can be applied to a millimeter wave radar system. Therefore, an embodiment of the present application further provides a millimeter wave radar system, and as shown in fig. 15, millimeter wave radar system 1000 includes signal processing apparatus 1100 and antenna assembly 1200 described above.

The signal processing device 1100 is configured to acquire a radar signal output by the transceiver of the antenna assembly 1200, and process the radar signal to obtain the azimuth information of the target object relative to the millimeter wave radar system 1000.

In some embodiments, millimeter-wave radar system 1000 may be applied to a movable platform, which may include, for example, an automobile, a robotic vehicle, a drone, or the like that may be automatically or assisted by directional information of a target object determined by millimeter-wave radar system 1000.

Based on the higher angle measurement precision of the millimeter wave antenna in the embodiment of the application, the antenna assembly, the millimeter wave radar system and the movable platform can determine the azimuth information of the target object more accurately, and the control is also more accurate and safer.

It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.

It should be noted that the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. used in the specification and the appended claims of this application are for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicit indication of the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature.

While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can easily conceive various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope of the invention, and these modifications or substitutions are intended to be included in the scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A millimeter-wave antenna, comprising:

2. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the dummy antennas are the same shape as the antenna subarrays located between the dummy antennas.

3. The antenna of claim 2, wherein the dummy antenna and the antenna subarray each comprise:

the central patch is arranged on the side surface of the antenna;

the first series-feed linear array is arranged on the side surface of the antenna and connected to one end of the central patch;

and the second series-feed linear array is arranged on the side surface of the antenna and connected to the other end of the central patch.

4. An antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that the dummy antenna, the respective first and second series-fed arrays of the antenna sub-arrays are arranged symmetrically on the antenna side with respect to the respective central patch.

5. The antenna of claim 3, wherein the dummy antenna, the central patch of the antenna subarray are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the first series feed array.

6. The antenna of claim 2, wherein the dummy antennas and the antenna sub-arrays located between the dummy antennas are distributed at equal intervals, and the arrangement direction of the dummy antennas and the antenna sub-arrays located between the dummy antennas is perpendicular to a first direction, and the first direction is parallel to the antenna sub-arrays.

7. An antenna according to any of claims 3 to 5, wherein the feed patch is provided on the side of the feed line opposite the central patch of the antenna sub-array, the feed patch being electromagnetically coupled to the central patch of the antenna sub-array.

8. The antenna of claim 7, further comprising:

the feed waveguide patch is arranged on the side face of the feed line and on the periphery of the feed patch, and is connected to the antenna waveguide patch on the periphery of the central patch opposite to the feed patch through a plurality of first metalized through holes, and the first metalized through holes penetrate through the antenna substrate.

9. The antenna as claimed in claim 7 or 8, wherein the feeder line is further provided with:

and the load component is arranged on the side surface of the feeder line, is arranged opposite to the central patch of the dummy antenna, and is electromagnetically coupled with the central patch of the dummy antenna.

10. The antenna of claim 9, wherein the dummy antenna further comprises:

and the dummy waveguide patch is arranged on the side surface of the antenna and arranged on the periphery of the central patch of the dummy antenna.

11. The antenna of claim 10, wherein the load component comprises:

the first patch is arranged on the side surface of the feeder line and is opposite to the central patch of the dummy antenna;

the second patch is arranged on the side surface of the feeder line, arranged on the periphery of the first patch and connected to the dummy waveguide patch on the periphery of the central patch of the dummy antenna through a plurality of second metallized through holes, and the second metallized through holes penetrate through the antenna substrate;

the first patch and the second patch are partially connected.

12. The antenna of claim 10, wherein the load component comprises:

the load connection patch is arranged on the side surface of the feeder line, is arranged opposite to the central patch of the dummy antenna, and is electromagnetically coupled with the central patch of the dummy antenna;

a load patch connected to the load connection patch.

13. The antenna of claim 12, wherein the feeder is further provided with:

the load waveguide patch is arranged on the periphery of the load connection patch and connected with the dummy waveguide patch on the periphery of the center patch of the dummy antenna through a plurality of third metalized through holes, and the third metalized through holes penetrate through the antenna substrate.

14. The antenna of claim 12, wherein the load patch is connected to the antenna substrate by a plurality of metallized blind vias.

15. The antenna of claim 8, wherein the feed waveguide patch comprises:

a first gap part located in the middle of the feed waveguide patch;

a first opening portion communicating with the first gap portion and located outside the feed waveguide patch;

the feed patch includes:

an open-circuit branch located at the first void portion;

and the first impedance transformation joint is positioned at the first opening part, one end of the first impedance transformation joint is connected with the open-circuit branch joint, and the other end of the first impedance transformation joint is used for connecting a feeder line.

16. The antenna of claim 8, wherein a first slot is provided between the feed patch corresponding to the antenna sub-array and the feed waveguide patch corresponding to the antenna sub-array.

17. An antenna according to claim 16, wherein a second slot is provided between the central patch of the antenna sub-array and the antenna waveguide patch of the antenna sub-array;

and a third gap is formed between the central patch of the dummy antenna and the dummy waveguide patch of the dummy antenna.

18. The antenna of claim 11, wherein a fourth slot is disposed between the first patch of the load assembly and the second patch of the load assembly.

19. An antenna according to any of claims 7-18, wherein the antenna substrate comprises a plurality of stacked dielectric sheets and at least one metal isolation layer, the metal isolation layer being located between adjacent dielectric sheets.

20. The antenna of claim 19, wherein a first opening slot is formed at a position of the metal isolation layer adjacent to the side surface of the antenna corresponding to the central patch, a second opening slot is formed at a position of the metal isolation layer adjacent to the side surface of the feeder corresponding to the feed patch, and windows are formed at positions of the remaining metal isolation layers corresponding to the first opening slot and the second opening slot, wherein the areas of the windows are larger than the areas of the first opening slot and the second opening slot.

21. The antenna of claim 8, wherein the first plurality of metallized vias are disposed around a center patch of the antenna sub-array.

22. The antenna of claim 11, wherein the plurality of second metallized vias are disposed around a center patch of the dummy antenna.

23. The antenna of claim 13, wherein the plurality of third metallized through holes are disposed around a center patch of the dummy antenna.

24. A millimeter-wave antenna, comprising:

25. The antenna of claim 24, wherein the antenna comprises at least two antenna sub-arrays for receiving electromagnetic waves;

the antenna further includes:

the antenna comprises at least two dummy antennas, wherein the at least two dummy antennas are arranged on the side surfaces of the antennas, the dummy antennas are parallel to the antenna subarrays, and the antenna subarrays used for receiving electromagnetic waves are located between the at least two dummy antennas.

26. The antenna of claim 25 wherein the dummy antennas are the same shape as the antenna subarrays located between the dummy antennas.

27. An antenna according to claim 26, wherein the dummy antenna, the first and second series-feed lines of each of the antenna sub-arrays are symmetrically disposed on the antenna side with respect to the respective central patch.

28. The antenna of claim 26, wherein the dummy antenna, the central patch of the antenna subarray are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the first series feed array.

29. The antenna of claim 26, wherein the dummy antennas and the antenna subarrays located between the dummy antennas are equally spaced, and the dummy antennas and the antenna subarrays located between the dummy antennas are arranged in a direction perpendicular to a first direction, and the first direction is parallel to the antenna subarrays.

30. An antenna according to any of claims 26-29, wherein the feeder is further provided with:

31. The antenna of claim 30, wherein the dummy antenna further comprises:

32. The antenna of claim 31, wherein the load component comprises:

the first patch and the second patch are partially connected.

33. The antenna of claim 31, wherein the load component comprises:

a load patch connected to the load connection patch.

34. The antenna of claim 33, wherein the feed line side further comprises:

35. The antenna of claim 33, wherein the load patch is connected to the antenna substrate by a plurality of metallized blind vias.

36. An antenna according to any of claims 24-29, wherein the feed waveguide patch comprises:

a first gap part located in the middle of the feed waveguide patch;

the feed patch includes:

an open-circuit branch located at the first void portion;

37. An antenna according to any of claims 24 to 29, wherein a first slot is provided between a feed patch corresponding to the antenna sub-array and a feed waveguide patch corresponding to the antenna sub-array.

38. An antenna according to any of claims 26 to 29, wherein a second slot is provided between a central patch of the antenna sub-array and an antenna waveguide patch of the antenna sub-array;

39. The antenna of claim 32, wherein a fourth slot is disposed between the first patch of the load assembly and the second patch of the load assembly.

40. An antenna according to any of claims 24 to 29, wherein the first plurality of metallised vias are provided around a central patch of the antenna sub-array.

41. The antenna of claim 32, wherein the plurality of second metallized vias are disposed around a center patch of the dummy antenna.

42. The antenna of claim 34, wherein the plurality of third metallized through holes are disposed around a center patch of the dummy antenna.

43. The antenna according to any of claims 24-29, wherein a metal isolation layer disposed adjacent to the side of the antenna is provided with a first opening slot at a position corresponding to the center patch, a metal isolation layer disposed adjacent to the side of the feed line is provided with a second opening slot at a position corresponding to the feed patch, and the remaining metal isolation layers are provided with a window at positions corresponding to the first opening slot and the second opening slot, wherein the area of the window is larger than the areas of the first opening slot and the second opening slot.

44. An antenna according to claim 35, wherein the metal isolation layer provided adjacent the side of the feed line is provided with a third open slot at a position corresponding to the load patch.

45. An antenna according to claim 34, wherein a first open slot is provided adjacent the side of the antenna at a location corresponding to the central patch, a fourth open slot is provided adjacent the side of the feed line at a location corresponding to the load coupling patch, and a window is provided in the remaining metal isolation layer at a location corresponding to the first open slot and the fourth open slot.

46. An antenna feed structure of a millimeter wave antenna, characterized in that the structure comprises:

47. The structure of claim 46, wherein the antenna substrate comprises a plurality of stacked dielectric sheets and at least one metal isolation layer, the metal isolation layer being located between adjacent dielectric sheets.

48. A structure as claimed in claim 46, in which a second slot is provided between the antenna waveguide patch and a central patch of the antenna sub-array.

49. The structure of any one of claims 46-48, further comprising:

and the feed patch is arranged on the side surface of the antenna and is opposite to the central patch of the antenna subarray so as to be electromagnetically coupled with the antenna waveguide patch.

50. The structure of any one of claims 46 to 48, wherein the plurality of first metallized vias are disposed around a central patch of the antenna subarray.

51. The structure of claim 47 wherein the metal isolation layer disposed adjacent to the side of the antenna has a first open slot corresponding to the position of the central patch, the metal isolation layer disposed adjacent to the side of the feed line has a second open slot corresponding to the position of the first open slot, and the remaining metal isolation layers have open windows corresponding to the positions of the first open slot and the second open slot, the open windows having areas larger than the areas of the first open slot and the second open slot.

52. A feeder-feed structure of a millimeter-wave antenna, the structure comprising:

the antenna subarray is arranged on the side surface of the antenna;

53. The structure of claim 52, wherein the feed waveguide patch comprises:

a first gap part located in the middle of the feed waveguide patch;

the feed patch includes:

an open-circuit branch located at the first void portion;

54. The structure of claim 52, wherein the antenna substrate comprises a plurality of stacked dielectric sheets and at least one metal isolation layer, the metal isolation layer being located between adjacent dielectric sheets.

55. A structure according to any of claims 52-54, characterized in that a first slot is provided between the feed patch and the corresponding feed waveguide patch.

56. The structure of any one of claims 52-54, wherein the plurality of first metallized vias are disposed around the feed patch.

57. The structure of claim 54, wherein a second opening slot is formed at a position corresponding to the feed patch on the metal isolation layer adjacent to the side of the feed line, a first opening slot is formed at a position corresponding to the second opening slot on the metal isolation layer adjacent to the side of the antenna, and windows having an area larger than that of the first opening slot and that of the second opening slot are formed at positions corresponding to the first opening slot and the second opening slot on the remaining metal isolation layers.

58. A dummy antenna structure for a millimeter wave antenna, the structure comprising:

59. The structure of claim 58, wherein the load assembly comprises:

the second patch is arranged on the side surface of the feeder line and arranged on the periphery of the first patch;

the second metalized through hole is communicated with the dummy waveguide patch and the second patch;

the first patch and the second patch are partially connected.

60. The structure of claim 58, wherein the load assembly comprises:

a load patch connected to the load connection patch.

61. The structure of claim 60 wherein said feed line side further has disposed thereon:

62. The structure of claim 60, wherein the load patch is connected to the antenna substrate by a plurality of metallized blind vias.

63. The structure of any of claims 58-62, wherein a third slot is provided between the dummy antenna central patch and the dummy waveguide patch of the dummy antenna.

64. The structure of claim 59, wherein a fourth gap is provided between the first patch of the loading assembly and the second patch of the loading assembly.

65. The structure of any of claims 58-62, wherein the plurality of second metallized vias are disposed around a central patch of the dummy antenna.

66. The structure of claim 61, wherein the plurality of third metallized vias are disposed around a center patch of the dummy antenna.

67. An antenna assembly comprising a transceiver and a millimeter-wave antenna electrically connected to the transceiver, the millimeter-wave antenna comprising:

68. An antenna assembly comprising a transceiver and a millimeter-wave antenna electrically connected to the transceiver, the millimeter-wave antenna comprising:

69. A millimeter wave radar system comprising signal processing means and an antenna assembly according to claim 67 or 68;

70. A movable platform comprising signal processing means and an antenna assembly of claim 67 or 68;