CN112313105A - 驱动单元、驱动组件和混合动力机动车辆 - Google Patents

驱动单元、驱动组件和混合动力机动车辆 Download PDF

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CN112313105A
CN112313105A CN201980041410.1A CN201980041410A CN112313105A CN 112313105 A CN112313105 A CN 112313105A CN 201980041410 A CN201980041410 A CN 201980041410A CN 112313105 A CN112313105 A CN 112313105A
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drive unit
shaft
gear ratio
drive
output shaft
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安德里亚斯·特赫肯舒
史蒂芬·莱曼
彼得·格雷布
拉兹洛·曼
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/22—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or type of main drive shafting, e.g. cardan shaft
    • B60K17/24—Arrangements of mountings for shafting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

所述驱动单元(100)设置有第一电机(110)、第二电机(120)、第一轴(130)和输出轴(140)，其中所述第一电机(110)的转子(111)旋转固定至所述第一轴(130)，且所述第二电机(120)的转子(121)旋转固定至所述输出轴(140)，并且所述驱动单元(100)还包括分离离合器(150)，其中所述驱动单元(100)还包括用于旋转地固定连接内燃机的连接元件(230)，并且在所述连接元件(230)和所述轴(130、140)之间布置有齿轮比i<1的第一齿轮比梯级(142)，且其中所述驱动单元(100)具有机电式驻车锁止单元(1)，利用所述机电式驻车锁止单元可阻止所述第一齿轮比梯级(142)的输出端的旋转运动。

Description

驱动单元、驱动组件和混合动力机动车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于可电力驱动的机动车辆，特别是混合动力机动车辆的动力传动系的驱动单元和具有根据本发明的驱动单元的驱动组件以及具有根据本发明的驱动组件的混合动力机动车辆。
背景技术
从现有技术已知用于混合动力车辆的驱动装置，该驱动装置尤其包括内燃机、第一电机和第二电机。
DE 10 2015 222 690 A1、DE 10 2015 222 691 A1和WO 2017 084 887 A1描述了用于控制此类驱动装置的方法，其中该驱动装置可以多种操作模式操作。
在DE 10 2015 222 690 A1中，主要说明了串联式混合动力操作，其中借助于第二电机实现牵引驱动扭矩，并且内燃机驱动第一电机生成电能。描述了内燃机在操作点上的操作方式，其中驱动装置的组合效率取决于内燃机的效率以及第一电机的效率。
文献DE 10 2015 222 691 A1和WO 2017 084 887 A1描述了面向性能的模式和面向消耗的模式，其中每种模式均取决于条件。该条件包括，目标驱动值增加到介于代表并联式混合动力模式中(其中仅内燃机产生牵引驱动扭矩)的最大驱动值的内燃机阈值与代表并联式升压混合动力模式中的最大驱动值的并联式混合动力模式阈值之间的中间值。
DE 10 2015 222 692 A1、WO 2017 084 888 A1、DE 10 2015 222 694 A1和WO2017 084 889 A1描述了一种用于操作用于驱动驱动轮的混合动力车辆的驱动装置的方法，其中该驱动装置包括内燃机、与内燃机联接的第一电机、第二电机、蓄电池以及在内燃机和驱动轮之间的主离合器。
DE 10 2015 222 692 A1和WO 2017 084 888 A1描述了驱动装置以三种操作模式之一操作，这三种操作模式即纯电动操作、串联式混合动力操作或并联式混合动力操作，其中在从第一操作模式到第二操作模式的变化期间所提供的牵引驱动扭矩对应于在变化之前和之后所提供的牵引驱动扭矩之间的适当选择的进程。
DE 10 2015 222 694 A1和WO 2017 084 889 A1公开了在内燃机和驱动轮之间还布置有变速器。
此外，所引用的相应文献描述了一种具有混合动力驱动装置的混合动力车辆。
在现有技术中反复描述的混合动力车辆包括内燃机、第一电机和第二电机、至少一个驱动轮和主离合器以及第一离合器和第二离合器。主离合器布置在内燃机和驱动轮之间，第一离合器设置在第一电机和内燃机的输出轴之间，并且第二离合器设置在第二电机和驱动轮之间。
从(尚未公布的)DE 10 2017 128 289.0中已知一种用于混合动力机动车辆的动力传动系的驱动单元，该驱动单元具有内燃机、第一电机、第二电机、第一齿轮比梯级以及第一电机和/或第二电机的驱动轴。此外，该驱动单元包括变速器子单元，借助于该变速器子单元，相应电机的驱动轴联接至或可联接至车轮驱动轴。第二齿轮比阶梯联接至副轴单元，其中该副轴单元具有集成离合器并进一步连接至车轮驱动轴，使得内燃机可经由第二齿轮比梯级联接至车轮驱动轴，这取决于该离合器的位置。
同样尚未公布的DE 10 2017 127 695.5公开了一种用于混合动力机动车辆的动力传动系，该动力传动系包括变速器输入轴，该变速器输入轴经由第一部分动力传动系操作性地连接至第一电机和内燃机以便传递扭矩，并且经由第二部分动力传动系操作性地连接至第二电机以便传递扭矩。第二电机以扭矩传递的方式永久性地连接至变速器输入轴，并且第一电机和内燃机可以可联接的方式连接至变速器输入轴以便传递扭矩。第一电机和/或第二电机由此可设计为被冷却。特别优选的是，借助于车辆冷却回路的水冷却或借助于来自变速器的变速器油的油冷却来进行冷却。此外，所使用的分离离合器也可设计为油冷却式多片离合器。
发明内容
从这一点出发，本发明的目的是提供驱动单元和配备有该驱动单元的驱动组件以及配备有该驱动组件的混合动力机动车辆，这确保了在高效利用安装空间的情况下的高效操作。
通过根据权利要求1所述的根据本发明的驱动单元来实现该目的。在从属权利要求2至8中列出了驱动单元的有利实施例。另外，根据权利要求9，提供了具有驱动单元的用于机动车辆的驱动组件，并且根据权利要求10，提供了具有根据本发明的驱动组件的混合动力机动车辆。
可通过任何技术上合理的方式组合权利要求的特征，包括以下描述中给出的解释和附图的特征，包括本发明的附加实施例。
本发明涉及一种用于可电力驱动的机动车辆，特别是混合动力机动车辆的动力传动系的驱动单元，该驱动单元具有第一电机和第二电机以及第一轴和输出轴，该输出轴也可称为变速器输入轴。第一电机的转子旋转固定至第一轴，并且第二电机的转子旋转固定至输出轴。
此外，该驱动单元包括分离离合器，利用该分离离合器，第一电机的转子以及因此连接至第一轴以便扭矩传递的内燃机可连接至或被连接至输出轴。
另外，该驱动单元还包括连接元件，该连接元件为内燃机的输出元件的一部分。该连接元件用于旋转固定连接内燃机，由此在连接元件和旋转固定至电机的转子的轴之间布置有齿轮比i<1的第一齿轮比梯级，以用于将由内燃机实现的速度以增速比转换到轴。此外，该驱动单元包括机电式驻车锁止单元，该机电式驻车锁止单元布置和设置成使得可阻止第一齿轮比梯级的输出端的旋转运动。
特别地可以规定，两个电机串联地布置。在一个优选的实施例中可以规定，两个电机的转子或它们的旋转轴线同轴地布置。
分离离合器为可切换离合器，其可从打开状态切换到闭合状态，反之亦然。特别地，可以规定，分离离合器在正常状态下是闭合的，使得第一轴和输出轴彼此旋转固定。
驱动单元可设计成使得牢固地连接至第一电机的转子的第一轴布置在牢固地连接至第二电机的转子的输出轴的径向内侧。
第一轴可设计成分开的，即呈中央中空轴的形式，在该中央中空轴上的某些区域中布置有旋转固定的毂，该毂继而旋转固定至第一电机的转子。
分离离合器的径向内侧可旋转固定至第一电机上的毂，并且分离离合器的径向外侧可连接至输出轴，该输出轴旋转固定至第二电机的转子。
第一齿轮比梯级的输出端通过第一轴或形成第一轴或以旋转固定的方式联接至第一轴的各个元件(诸如中空轴、毂、第一电机的转子以及分离离合器)对应地定义，输出轴利用该分离离合器联接至第一轴。根据本发明可以规定，当致动了驻车锁止单元时，它对这些元件中的至少一个具有阻塞作用。
由于第一齿轮比梯级的输出端以比所连接的内燃机或用于旋转固定连接内燃机的连接元件更高的速度旋转，因此第一齿轮比阶梯的输出端具有比连接元件更低的扭矩。这使得能够减小驻车锁止单元的磨损，因为它必须施加或克服较低的力才能在第一轴上造成旋转阻塞。
旋转阻塞可设计成使得在产生阻塞效应时，仍然可通过轴实现很小的旋转角度量，例如多达2°。
连接元件优选地包括内齿齿轮，其中第一轴具有外齿，并且这两个齿彼此啮合，以用于将旋转运动从连接元件传递至第一轴。外齿可为第一轴，特别为其中空轴的组成部分，或者可由旋转固定至第一轴的另一个机器元件形成。
有利地，输出轴还包括锁止齿，该锁止齿用于机电式驻车锁止单元的锁止元件的强制啮合。因此可以规定，机电式驻车锁止单元作用于输出轴，该输出轴在分离离合器闭合时因此也阻止第一轴的旋转运动。
连接元件可为待连接的内燃机的输出元件的组成部分，该输出元件特别地包括减震器单元。
此外，输出元件可具有另一个离合器，用于打开和关闭内燃机与驱动单元之间的扭矩传递路径，或者具有减震器单元和离合器的组合。
在驱动单元的另一个有利的实施例中可以规定，驱动单元具有第二齿轮比梯级，该第二齿轮比梯级由输出轴的齿(特别为外齿)和与输出轴的齿啮合的第一齿轮形成。
这产生了输出轴的i>1的速度比并因此减慢，使得机电式驻车锁止单元在最大速度和最小扭矩的邻接的扭矩传递路径的点处进行由第一齿轮比梯级和第二齿轮比梯级形成的整套传动。
输出轴本身可形成齿，或者可以旋转固定的方式连接至该齿。
因此，变速器设计为驱动单元的组成部分，该变速器与驱动单元的输出轴(也称为变速器输入轴)操作性地连接，使得由输出轴提供的扭矩或由输出轴实现的旋转运动可经由变速器传递至机动车辆的另一个变速器单元，或者可直接传递至机动车辆的驱动轮。
该变速器可在输出区域中包括差动变速器，或者可如此设计。
第一齿轮可以旋转固定的方式联接至变速器的副轴，该副轴的外齿继而与差动变速器的输入齿轮啮合，从而实现第三齿轮比梯级。
在几何学上，驱动单元的各单元优选地布置成使得机电式驻车锁止单元在第一齿轮比梯级的输出端上的啮合在分离离合器和第一齿轮比梯级的位置之间沿轴向方向实现。
在一个有利的实施例中，输出轴的锁止齿在轴向方向上直接邻近于用于形成第二齿轮比梯级的齿定位。在与用于形成第二齿轮比梯级的齿轴向相对的侧上，在第一轴上布置有用于形成第一齿轮比梯级的外齿。
该驱动单元另外可具有用于控制机电式驻车锁止单元的主控制装置。该主控制装置优选地具有接口，该接口用于连接至将配备有驱动单元的机动车辆的中央控制单元。
本发明的另一方面是一种具有根据本发明的驱动单元并且具有内燃机的驱动组件，该内燃机经由内燃机的输出元件的连接元件以旋转固定的方式联接至或可联接至第一电机的转子。在另一个实施例中，该驱动组件还包括至少一个车轮驱动轴，该车轮驱动轴经由变速器连接至驱动单元的输出轴，使得可将由输出轴实现的旋转运动通过变速器传递至车轮驱动轴。
为了实现该目的，还提供了一种具有根据本发明的驱动组件和中央控制单元的混合动力机动车辆，就控制技术而言，该中央控制单元由接口连接至驱动单元的主控制装置。以这种方式，可由中央控制单元经由驱动单元的主控制装置来控制机电式驻车锁止单元。
附图说明
下文基于相关的技术背景并且参考示出优选实施例的相关联附图，对如上所述的发明进行详细说明。本发明绝不受纯粹示意性附图的限制，其中应当指出的是，附图中所示出的实施例不限于所示尺寸。在附图中：
图1：示出了根据本发明的驱动单元的剖视图，并且
图2：示出了机电式驻车锁止单元的透视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明的用于可电力驱动的机动车辆，特别是混合动力机动车辆的动力传动系的驱动单元100，该驱动单元具有第一电机110和第二电机120，这两者均布置在共同的旋转轴线101上。第一电机110的转子111与旋转轴线101同轴布置，并且还与第二电机120的转子121同轴布置。
第一电机110的定子112以及第二电机120的定子122容纳在驱动单元100的壳体102中。第一电机的转子111以旋转固定的方式连接至第一轴130。第二电机120的转子121旋转固定至输出轴140，该输出轴也可称为变速器输入轴。
驱动单元100还包括分离离合器150，利用该分离离合器，第一电机110以及因此连接至第一轴130(该第一轴旋转固定至第一电机110的转子111)的内燃机可连接至或被连接至输出轴140以用于扭矩传递。
在此处所示的实施例中，第一轴130设计成两部分，即由中央中空轴132和毂133组成，该毂定位在该中空轴132上并且以旋转固定的方式连接至该中空轴，其中毂133继而连接至第一电机110的转子111。
毂133形成分离离合器150的径向内侧151，或者牢固地连接至该分离离合器150的输入侧。
分离离合器150的径向外侧152(其实现分离离合器150的输出侧)以旋转固定的方式连接至输出轴140。
分离离合器150为可切换离合器，其可从打开状态切换至闭合状态，反之亦然。为此，分离离合器150分配有致动系统153。
以这种方式，当分离离合器150闭合时，扭矩可从第一轴130传递至输出轴140，反之亦然。
因此，在此处所示的实施例中可以规定，两个电机110、120串联布置，其中两个电机110、120的转子111、121或它们的旋转轴线同轴地布置。第一轴130或其中央中空轴132在输出轴140的内侧径向地运行，由此可减小驱动单元100所需的总体体积。
此外，此处所示的驱动单元100包括变速器160，该变速器与驱动单元100的输出轴140(也称为变速器输入轴)操作性地连接，使得由输出轴140提供的扭矩或由输出轴140实现的旋转运动可经由变速器160传递至机动车辆的另一个变速器单元或由其降低，或者可直接传递至机动车辆的驱动轮。
在此处所示的实施例中，该变速器160包括差动变速器170。此外，变速器160包括第一齿轮161，该第一齿轮与输出轴140上的外齿141啮合。因此，通过第一齿轮161在驱动单元100中实现第二齿轮比梯级162。由此，该第一齿轮161以旋转固定的方式联接至变速器160的副轴163，该副轴的外齿164继而与差动变速器170的输入齿轮171啮合，从而实现了第三齿轮比梯级172。
驱动单元100是根据本发明的驱动组件200的同样示出的实施例的一部分。
该驱动组件200另外具有内燃机(在此未示出)，该内燃机在连接所示的连接件210时，通过另一个离合器的插入，经由第一轴130以旋转固定的方式联接或可联接至第一电机110的转子111。
所示的驱动组件200设计为使得在用于内燃机(在此处未示出)的连接件210与旋转固定第一电机110的转子111的第一轴130之间形成有第一齿轮比梯级142，以用于将由内燃机或其连接件210实现的旋转运动的旋转速度转换至第一轴130。
为此目的，提供了内燃机的输出元件220，该输出元件可具有减震器单元221或离合器222，该离合器用于打开和关闭内燃机与驱动单元100之间的扭矩传递路径，或者具有所示的减震器单元221和离合器222的组合。
此外，输出元件220包括内齿齿轮223作为组成部分，该内齿齿轮与第一轴130的外齿131啮合并且因此实现第一齿轮比梯级142。
可以看出，在此处所示的示例性实施例中，输出元件220的旋转轴线相对驱动单元100的旋转轴线101横向偏移。
以这种方式，可将由内燃机(在此未示出)生成的旋转运动经由输出元件220和第一齿轮比梯级142引导至第一轴130，使得位于该第一齿轮比梯级上的第一电机110的转子111可设置为旋转运动，以便作为发电机操作。
当分离离合器150闭合时，所施加的旋转运动可从第一轴130传递至输出轴140，该第一轴可能通过第一电机110的电动机驱动而增强。由于第二电机120的转子122旋转固定地连接至输出轴140，因此由第二电机120提供的扭矩也可施加至输出轴140。
替代地，当分离离合器150打开时，仅第二电机120能够单独操作以便旋转输出轴140。
输出轴140的旋转运动经由其外齿141引导至所连接的变速器160的第一齿轮161，其中实现第二齿轮比梯级162。
扭矩或旋转运动从第一齿轮161传递至副轴163，从该副轴经由输入齿轮171馈送至差动变速器170。
扭矩从差动变速器170馈送至车轮驱动轴(在此未示出)，或者根据需要馈送至另一个变速器，以用于提高或降低扭矩或速度。
在图1中还可看出，所示的驱动单元200包括机电式驻车锁止单元1。该机电式驻车锁止单元与输出轴140的锁止齿2中的锁止元件3接合。
所示的驱动组件200可用于实现多种驱动状态，诸如：单独操作内燃机来驱动机动车辆，或者在还连接了第二电机和/或第一电机的情况下操作内燃机来驱动机动车辆；以及在内燃机和/或第二电机的操作期间对第一电机的同时发电机操作；以及对第二电机的单独操作，或者还对第一电机和/或第二电机的再生操作。
根据本发明提供的机电式驻车锁止单元1可阻止输出轴140的旋转运动，因此可阻止配备有根据本发明的驱动单元的车辆的车轮驱动。
用于连接内燃机(在此未示出)的输出元件220的连接元件230明显设计成具有比第一轴130的外齿131更大的直径，使得由此实现的第一齿轮比梯级142增大了输出元件220的速度。以对应的方式，施加至第一轴130的扭矩相对较低，使得在此接合的机电式驻车锁止单元1必须克服或保持相对较低的扭矩。
在图2中，示出了机电式驻车锁止单元1的透视图。详细地，锁止元件3在此示出为机电式驻车锁止单元1的元件，该锁止元件可致动成使得如在图2中可以看出，该锁止元件可接合在锁止齿2中，或接合在输出轴140中。因此，阻止了输出轴140的旋转。以对应的方式，阻止了第一齿轮比梯级142的输出端143的旋转运动。
因此，阻止了位于副轴163上的第一齿轮161的旋转运动。就这一点而言，也阻止了以旋转固定的方式布置的外齿164的旋转运动。
由于差动变速器170的输入齿轮171啮合在副轴163的外齿164中，因此相应地阻止了差动变速器170。
以这种方式，机电式驻车锁止单元1可阻止连接至差动变速器170的机动车辆的车轮的旋转运动并且可实现驻车锁止。
利用在此提出的驱动单元和配备有该驱动单元的驱动组件以及配备有该驱动组件的混合动力机动车辆，提供了多个装置，这些装置确保了在高效利用安装空间的情况下的高效操作。
附图标记说明
1机电式驻车锁止单元 2(输出轴的)锁止齿 3(驻车锁止单元的)锁止元件 100驱动单元 101旋转轴线 102壳体 110第一电机 111第一电机的转子 112第一电机的定子120第二电机 121第二电机的转子 122第二电机的定子 130第一轴 131第一轴的外齿 132中央中空轴 133毂 140输出轴 141输出轴的外齿 142第一齿轮比梯级 143第一齿轮比梯级的输出端 150分离离合器 151分离离合器的径向内侧 152分离离合器的径向外侧 153致动系统 160变速器 161第一齿轮 162第二齿轮比梯级 163副轴 164副轴的外齿 170差动变速器 171输入齿轮 172第三齿轮比梯级 200驱动组件 210用于内燃机的连接件 220输出元件 221减震器单元 222离合器 223内齿齿轮 230连接元件。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于可电力驱动的机动车辆，特别是混合动力机动车辆的动力传动系的驱动单元(100)，所述驱动单元具有第一电机(110)和第二电机(120)以及第一轴(130)和输出轴(140)，其中所述第一电机(110)的转子(111)旋转固定至所述第一轴(130)且所述第二电机(120)的转子(121)旋转固定至所述输出轴(140)，并且所述驱动单元(100)还包括分离离合器(150)，利用所述分离离合器，所述第一电机(110)的转子(111)可连接至或被连接至所述输出轴(140)以用于扭矩传递，其中所述驱动单元(100)还包括用于旋转地固定连接内燃机的连接元件(230)，并且在所述连接元件(230)和所述轴(130、140)之间布置有齿轮比i<1的第一齿轮比梯级(142)，所述轴旋转固定至所述电机(110、120)的转子(111、121)，其特征在于，所述驱动单元(100)具有机电式驻车锁止单元(1)，所述机电式驻车锁止单元的布置和设置方式使得可由此阻止所述第一齿轮比梯级(142)的输出端的旋转运动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的驱动单元，其特征在于，所述连接元件(230)包括内齿齿轮(223)，并且所述第一轴(130)具有外齿(131)，其中所述两个齿(223、131)啮合在一起以用于将所述旋转运动从所述连接元件(230)传递至所述第一轴(130)。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的驱动单元，其特征在于，所述输出轴(140)具有锁止齿2，用于所述机电式驻车锁止单元(1)的锁止元件的强制啮合。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的驱动单元，其特征在于，所述连接元件(230)是待连接的内燃机的输出元件(220)的一部分，所述输出元件特别地包括减震器单元(221)。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的驱动单元，其特征在于，所述驱动单元具有第二齿轮比梯级(162)，所述第二齿轮比梯级由所述输出轴(140)的齿，特别是外齿(141)和与所述输出轴(140)的齿(141)啮合的第一齿轮(161)形成，并且所述输出轴(140)的速度齿轮比i>1的实现方式使得所述机电式驻车锁止单元1在最大速度和最小扭矩邻接的扭矩传递路径的点处进行由所述第一齿轮比梯级(142)和所述第二齿轮比梯级(162)形成的整套传动。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的驱动单元，其特征在于，所述机电式驻车锁止单元(1)在所述第一齿轮比梯级(142)的输出端上的啮合在所述分离离合器(150)和所述第一齿轮比梯级(142)的位置之间沿轴向方向实现。
7.根据权利要求6所述的驱动单元，其特征在于，所述输出轴(140)的所述锁止齿(2)沿所述轴向方向紧邻所述齿定位，以用于形成所述第二齿轮比梯级(162)。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的驱动单元，其特征在于，所述驱动单元(100)包括用于控制所述机电式驻车锁止单元(1)的主控制装置。
9.一种具有根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的驱动单元并且具有内燃机的驱动组件，所述内燃机经由所述内燃机的输出元件(220)的连接元件(230)以旋转固定的方式联接至或可联接至所述第一电机(110)的转子(111)。
10.一种包括根据权利要求9所述的驱动组件以及中央控制单元的混合动力机动车辆，就控制技术而言，所述中央控制单元由接口连接至所述驱动单元的主控制装置。
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