CN112307601A - Complex reservoir fracturing property evaluation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for evaluating the fracturing property of a complex reservoir, and particularly relates to the field of oil and gas exploration and development of the complex reservoir. The method comprises the steps of selecting a plurality of core samples in a complex reservoir, sequentially performing a ground stress test experiment, a rock triaxial mechanics experiment and a rock destruction experiment on one part of the core samples to determine the horizontal ground stress difference, brittleness and residual stress of the core samples, performing a Brazilian fracture experiment on the other part of the core samples to determine the fracture toughness and tensile strength of the core samples, determining the fitting degree between each parameter and the fracture pressure of the rock samples based on regression analysis, calculating the weighting coefficient of each parameter, calculating a fracture correction factor by using logging information, integrating each measured parameter and the fracture correction factor of the rock samples, establishing a complex reservoir fracturability evaluation model, and evaluating the fracturability of the complex reservoir. The method improves the accuracy of fracturing evaluation of the complex reservoir, and is beneficial to efficient development of complex oil and gas resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of complex reservoir oil and gas exploration and development, in particular to a complex reservoir fracturing property evaluation method.
Background
With the continuous increase of the demand of oil and gas resources and the development of technologies, unconventional oil and gas resources are taken as important supplements of conventional oil and gas resources and are widely concerned by countries in the world. Because the unconventional development mode has difficulty in effectively developing a dense reservoir which is deeply buried and has poor physical properties, the formation of a complex fracture network by hydraulic fracturing to improve the flow conductivity has become a main means for the commercial development of the unconventional reservoir nowadays. The reservoir compressibility evaluation optimizes the fracturing interval by assessing the difficulty of reservoir reformation, and provides a reference for establishing an efficient and economical multistage pressure scheme. The method for evaluating the fracturing performance of the reservoir, which is commonly used at the present stage, is developed based on rock brittleness, namely the higher the rock brittleness of the reservoir is, the stronger the fracturing performance of the reservoir is.
On the other hand, complex reservoirs are widely distributed globally, with the exploratory reserves of carbonate reservoirs occupying half of the total reserves, and most are large-scale high-production oil and gas fields. However, the carbonate pore cavern is developed, strong in heterogeneity and hard in texture, and the difficulty of reservoir fracturing in a specific construction process is difficult to accurately evaluate by adopting a single brittleness index of the existing reservoir compressibility evaluation, so that certain obstacles are brought to engineering development. Meanwhile, more and more researchers propose that the stratum with high brittleness coefficient is not necessarily an excellent fracturable interval, and factors such as natural fractures, diagenesis, crustal stress and the like are also important evaluation parameters of the fracturability of the reservoir.
Therefore, accurate evaluation of the fracturing performance of the complex reservoir is difficult by adopting the existing method, and a fracturing performance evaluation method suitable for the complex reservoir needs to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for evaluating the fracturing property of a complex reservoir, which aims at solving the problem that the fracturing property of the complex reservoir is difficult to accurately evaluate at the present stage, and is particularly suitable for carbonate reservoirs. The method improves the rationality of fracturing evaluation of the complex reservoir and is beneficial to efficient development of complex oil and gas resources.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for evaluating the fracturing property of a complex reservoir specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting a plurality of core samples in a complex reservoir based on the complex reservoir in a research block;
step 2, performing an earth stress test experiment on the core sample, measuring the maximum earth stress and the minimum earth stress of the core sample, and calculating the horizontal earth stress difference and the horizontal earth stress difference influence factor of the core sample;
step 3, performing a rock triaxial mechanical experiment on the core sample by using a triaxial mechanical test system, measuring the Young modulus and Poisson ratio of the core sample, and calculating the brittleness of the core sample;
step 4, performing a rock destruction experiment on the core sample by using a triaxial mechanical testing system, measuring the residual strength and the fracture pressure of the core sample, and calculating a normalized residual strength influence factor of the core sample;
step 5, performing Brazilian splitting experiments on the core sample, measuring the fracture toughness and the tensile strength of the core sample, and calculating fracture toughness influence factors and tensile strength influence factors of the core sample;
step 6, performing single correlation analysis on the horizontal ground stress difference, brittleness, fracture toughness, tensile strength and residual strength of the rock core sample and the fracture pressure of the rock sample respectively, and determining the weighting coefficient of each parameter according to the fitting degree;
step 7, acquiring the normalized porosity and the normalized porosity spectrum mean square error of the target well according to the logging information in the research block, and calculating a fracture correction factor;
and 8, establishing a target reservoir fracturing evaluation model according to the weighting coefficients and the fracture correction factors of the parameters of the core sample, calculating the target reservoir fracturing evaluation parameters, and determining the fracturing of the target reservoir.
Preferably, in the step 1, a part of the core samples are used for performing a ground stress test experiment, a rock triaxial mechanical experiment and a rock failure experiment in sequence, and the other part of the core samples are used for performing a brazilian splitting experiment.
Preferably, in the step 2, the horizontal ground stress difference of the core sample is the difference between the maximum ground stress and the minimum ground stress of the rock sample;
horizontal ground stress difference influence factor K of core samplehThe calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, σHRepresents the maximum ground stress of the core sample, in MPa; sigmahThe minimum stress of the core sample is expressed in MPa.
Preferably, in step 3, the brittleness BI of the core sample is calculated according to the following formula:
BI＝(μ+E)/2 (2)
where μ represents the normalized poisson's ratio and E represents the normalized young's modulus, the calculation formula is:
in the formula, mu*Representing the measured poisson ratio of the core sample; mu.smaxRepresenting the maximum value of the Poisson's ratio of the core sample; mu.sminRepresenting the minimum value of the Poisson's ratio of the core sample; e*The measured Young modulus of the core sample is expressed in MPa; emaxThe maximum value of the Young modulus of the core sample is expressed in MPa; eminRepresents the minimum value of the Young's modulus of the core sample, and has a unit of MPa.
Preferably, in the step 4, the core sample is normalizedResidual intensity influencing factor KREThe calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, σREThe residual strength of the core sample is expressed in MPa; sigmaBCThe fracture pressure of the core sample is expressed in MPa.
Preferably, in the step 5, the normalized fracture toughness influence factor K of the core sampleICThe calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the measured fracture toughness of the core sample is expressed in kg/cm2；KIC_maxThe maximum value of the fracture toughness of the core sample is expressed in kg/cm2；KIC_minRepresents the minimum value of the fracture toughness of the core sample and has the unit of kg/cm2；
Normalized tensile strength impact factor K of core sampleTThe calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the tensile strength of the measured core sample is expressed in MPa; sigmaT_maxThe maximum value of the tensile strength of the core sample is expressed in MPa; sigmaT_minRepresents the minimum value of tensile strength of the core sample in MPa.
Preferably, in step 6, the weighting coefficient calculation formula is:
wherein i represents a parameter number, wherein i ═ 1 represents the horizontal ground stress difference of the core sample, i ═ 2 represents the brittleness of the core sample, i ═ 3 represents the fracture toughness of the core sample, i ═ 4 represents the tensile strength of the core sample, and i ═ 5 represents the residual strength of the core sample; ziA weighting coefficient representing a parameter; ri 2The degree of fit of the parameter is indicated.
Preferably, in the step 7, the crack correction factor KCOThe calculation formula is as follows:
KCO＝C1×C2 (9)
wherein the porosity C is normalized1The calculation formula is as follows:
where por represents the porosity of the target well in%; pormaxRepresents the maximum value of porosity in the logging data, in%; porminRepresents the minimum value of porosity in the logging data in%;
normalized porosity spectrum mean square error C2The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein porV represents the mean square error of the porosity spectrum of the target well; porVmaxRepresenting the maximum value of the mean square error of the porosity spectrum of the logging data; porVminThe minimum value of the mean square error of the porosity spectrum of the logging data is represented.
Preferably, in step 8, the target reservoir fracability evaluation model is:
FI＝Z1Kh+Z2BI+Z3KIC+Z4σT+Z5KRE+KCO (12)
in the formula, FI represents a fracability evaluation parameter.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method is based on continuous elastomechanics and linear elasticity theory, comprehensively considers the complex reservoir fracture characteristics, introduces four evaluation parameters of fracture toughness, horizontal ground stress difference, residual strength and tensile strength and fracture correction factors, solves the problem of poor evaluation accuracy of the deep fracturing property of the reservoir when a complex reservoir is evaluated by using a single brittle parameter, and makes up the defects of the existing single brittle parameter evaluation;
the method disclosed by the invention is more in line with the characteristics of complex reservoir pore cavern development, strong anisotropy and large influence of primary fractures on the fracturing property, and utilizes results of a ground stress test experiment, a rock triaxial mechanics experiment, a rock destruction experiment and a Brazilian fracture experiment to carry out linear regression analysis to calibrate the weighting coefficient of each parameter, so that the fracturing property of the complex reservoir is quantized, and the fracturing property evaluation of the complex reservoir is more accurate;
the method provided by the invention constructs the fracturing property evaluation model based on the characteristics of the target reservoir, realizes accurate evaluation of the fracturing property of the reservoir, has strong applicability, and is beneficial to efficient development and safe exploitation of oil and gas resources of the complex reservoir.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a complex reservoir fracturing evaluation method.
FIG. 2 is a graph of regression analysis between the differential stress at rock sample level and fracture pressure.
FIG. 3 is a graph of regression analysis between rock sample brittleness and fracture pressure.
FIG. 4 is a graph of regression analysis between fracture toughness and fracture pressure for rock samples.
FIG. 5 is a graph of regression analysis between tensile strength and burst pressure for rock samples.
FIG. 6 is a graph of regression analysis between residual strength and fracture pressure of rock samples.
Detailed Description
The following will further explain the embodiments of the present invention by taking the example of a well in a carbonate block and the accompanying drawings as an example:
taking a certain example of a well in the ancient city area of Tandong as an example, the buried depth of a carbonate reservoir is 6088-6780 m, and the fracturing evaluation method for the complex reservoir provided by the invention is used for carrying out fracturing evaluation on the reservoir, and as shown in figure 1, the fracturing evaluation method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting 26 standard-size rock core samples with the block size of 250mm from rock core samples collected at 9 depth points of a sample well of a carbonic acid rock block to perform rock physics experiments, wherein 18 rock core samples are used for sequentially performing a ground stress test experiment, a rock triaxial mechanics experiment and a rock destruction experiment, and 8 rock core samples are used for performing a Brazilian splitting experiment.
Step 2, performing a ground stress test experiment on the 18 rock core samples selected in the step 1, measuring the maximum ground stress and the minimum ground stress of the rock core samples, calculating the horizontal ground stress difference and the horizontal ground stress difference influence factor of the rock core samples, and calculating the horizontal ground stress difference influence factor KhThe calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, σHRepresents the maximum ground stress of the core sample, in MPa; sigmahThe minimum stress of the core sample is expressed in MPa.
Step 3, performing rock triaxial mechanical experiment on the core sample by using a triaxial mechanical test system, measuring the Young modulus and the Poisson ratio of 18 core samples, and calculating the brittleness of the core sample according to the Young modulus and the Poisson ratio of the core sample, wherein the formula (2) is as follows:
BI＝(μ+E)/2 (2)
where μ represents the normalized poisson's ratio and E represents the normalized young's modulus, the calculation formula is:
in the formula, mu*Representing the measured poisson ratio of the core sample; mu.smaxRepresenting the maximum value of the Poisson's ratio of the core sample; mu.sminRepresenting the minimum value of the Poisson's ratio of the core sample; e*The measured Young modulus of the core sample is expressed in MPa; emaxThe maximum value of the Young modulus of the core sample is expressed in MPa; eminRepresents the minimum value of the Young's modulus of the core sample, and has a unit of MPa.
Step 4, performing a rock destruction experiment on 18 rock core samples by using a triaxial mechanical testing system, measuring the residual strength and the fracture pressure of the rock core samples, and calculating normalized residual strength influence factors of the rock core samples, wherein the normalized residual strength influence factors are shown in formula (5):
normalized residual intensity influencing factor KREThe calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, σREThe residual strength of the core sample is expressed in MPa; sigmaBCThe fracture pressure of the core sample is expressed in MPa.
Step 5, carrying out Brazilian splitting experiments on the 8 rock core samples selected in the step 1, measuring the fracture toughness and the tensile strength of the rock core samples, and calculating fracture toughness influence factors and tensile strength influence factors of the rock core samples as follows:
normalized fracture toughness influencing factor K of core sampleICThe calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the measured fracture toughness of the core sample is expressed in kg/cm2；KIC_maxThe maximum value of the fracture toughness of the core sample is expressed in kg/cm2；KIC_minRepresents the minimum value of the fracture toughness of the core sample and has the unit of kg/cm2；
Normalized tensile strength impact factor K of core sampleTThe calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the tensile strength of the measured core sample is expressed in MPa; sigmaT_maxThe maximum value of the tensile strength of the core sample is expressed in MPa; sigmaT_minRepresents the minimum value of tensile strength of the core sample in MPa.
Step 6, performing single correlation analysis on horizontal ground stress difference, brittleness, fracture toughness, tensile strength and residual strength of the rock core sample and fracture pressure of the rock sample respectively, wherein regression analysis results are shown in fig. 2 to 6;
determining the weighting coefficient of each parameter according to the fitting degree, wherein the calculation formula of the weighting coefficient is as follows:
wherein i represents a parameter number, wherein i ═ 1 represents the horizontal ground stress difference of the core sample, i ═ 2 represents the brittleness of the core sample, i ═ 3 represents the fracture toughness of the core sample, i ═ 4 represents the tensile strength of the core sample, and i ═ 5 represents the residual strength of the core sample; ziA weighting coefficient representing a parameter; ri 2Representing the degree of fit of the parameter;
in the embodiment, the fitting degree R of the horizontal ground stress difference and the fracture pressure of the rock sample1 20.3975 rockDegree of matching R of brittleness and fracture pressure of stone sample2 20.0416, the degree of match R of fracture toughness to fracture pressure of rock sample3 20.6713, rock sample tensile Strength to fracture pressure Fit R4 2The rock sample residual strength to fracture pressure fit is R0.72655 20.8323; and (3) substituting the weight coefficient into the formula (8) for calculation to obtain that the weight coefficient corresponding to the horizontal ground stress difference of the rock sample is 0.14, the weight coefficient corresponding to the brittleness of the rock sample is 0.09, the weight coefficient corresponding to the fracture toughness of the rock sample is 0.23, the weight coefficient corresponding to the tensile strength of the rock sample is 0.25, and the weight coefficient corresponding to the residual strength of the rock sample is 0.29.
And 7, acquiring the normalized porosity and the normalized porosity spectrum mean square error of the target well according to the logging information in the research block, and calculating a fracture correction factor by using the normalized porosity and the normalized porosity spectrum mean square error, wherein the formula is shown as (9):
crack correction factor KCOThe calculation formula is as follows:
KCO＝C1×C2 (9)
wherein the porosity C is normalized1The calculation formula is as follows:
where por represents the porosity of the target well in%; pormaxRepresents the maximum value of porosity in the logging data, in%; porminRepresents the minimum value of porosity in the logging data in%;
normalized porosity spectrum mean square error C2The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein porV represents the mean square error of the porosity spectrum of the target well; porVmaxRepresentation loggingMaximum value of mean square error of porosity spectrum of the data; porVminThe minimum value of the mean square error of the porosity spectrum of the logging data is represented.
Step 8, establishing a fracturing property evaluation model of the target reservoir according to the weighting coefficients and the fracture correction factors of the parameters of the core sample, as shown in the formula (12):
FI＝0.09Kh+0.14BI+0.23KIC+0.25σT+0.29KRE+KCO (12)
and calculating a fracturing evaluation parameter FI by using the fracturing evaluation model of the target reservoir, and evaluating the fracturing of the target reservoir.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The method for evaluating the fracturing property of the complex reservoir is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, selecting a plurality of core samples in a complex reservoir based on the complex reservoir in a research block;
step 2, performing an earth stress test experiment on the core sample, measuring the maximum earth stress and the minimum earth stress of the core sample, and calculating the horizontal earth stress difference and the horizontal earth stress difference influence factor of the core sample;
step 3, performing a rock triaxial mechanical experiment on the core sample by using a triaxial mechanical test system, measuring the Young modulus and Poisson ratio of the core sample, and calculating the brittleness of the core sample;
step 4, performing a rock destruction experiment on the core sample by using a triaxial mechanical testing system, measuring the residual strength and the fracture pressure of the core sample, and calculating a normalized residual strength influence factor of the core sample;
step 5, performing Brazilian splitting experiments on the core sample, measuring the fracture toughness and the tensile strength of the core sample, and calculating fracture toughness influence factors and tensile strength influence factors of the core sample;
step 6, performing single correlation analysis on the horizontal ground stress difference, brittleness, fracture toughness, tensile strength and residual strength of the rock core sample and the fracture pressure of the rock sample respectively, and determining the weighting coefficient of each parameter according to the fitting degree;
step 7, acquiring the normalized porosity and the normalized porosity spectrum mean square error of the target well according to the logging information in the research block, and calculating a fracture correction factor;
and 8, establishing a target reservoir fracturing evaluation model according to the weighting coefficients and the fracture correction factors of the parameters of the core sample, calculating the target reservoir fracturing evaluation parameters, and determining the fracturing of the target reservoir.
2. The method for evaluating the fracturability of a complex reservoir according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, a part of core samples are used for performing an earth stress test experiment, a rock triaxial mechanical experiment and a rock failure experiment in sequence, and another part of core samples are used for performing a brazilian fracture experiment.
3. The method for evaluating the fracability of a complex reservoir according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the horizontal ground stress difference of the core sample is the difference between the maximum ground stress and the minimum ground stress of the rock sample;
horizontal ground stress difference influence factor K of core samplehThe calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, σHRepresents the maximum ground stress of the core sample, in MPa; sigmahThe minimum stress of the core sample is expressed in MPa.
4. The method for evaluating the fracability of a complex reservoir as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the brittle BI of the core sample is calculated by the following formula:
BI＝(μ+E)/2 (2)
where μ represents the normalized poisson's ratio and E represents the normalized young's modulus, the calculation formula is:
in the formula, mu*Representing the measured poisson ratio of the core sample; mu.smaxRepresenting the maximum value of the Poisson's ratio of the core sample; mu.sminRepresenting the minimum value of the Poisson's ratio of the core sample; e*The measured Young modulus of the core sample is expressed in MPa; emaxThe maximum value of the Young modulus of the core sample is expressed in MPa; eminRepresents the minimum value of the Young's modulus of the core sample, and has a unit of MPa.
5. The method for evaluating the fracability of a complex reservoir as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the normalized residual strength influence factor K of the core sampleREThe calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, σREThe residual strength of the core sample is expressed in MPa; sigmaBCThe fracture pressure of the core sample is expressed in MPa.
6. The method for evaluating the fracability of a complex reservoir as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 5, the normalized fracture toughness influence factor K of the core sampleICThe calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the measured fracture toughness of the core sample is expressed in kg/cm2；KIC_maxThe maximum value of the fracture toughness of the core sample is expressed in kg/cm2；KIC_minRepresents the minimum value of the fracture toughness of the core sample and has the unit of kg/cm2；
Normalized tensile strength impact factor K of core sampleTThe calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the tensile strength of the measured core sample is expressed in MPa; sigmaT_maxThe maximum value of the tensile strength of the core sample is expressed in MPa; sigmaT_minRepresents the minimum value of tensile strength of the core sample in MPa.
7. The method for evaluating the fracability of a complex reservoir according to claim 1, wherein in the step 6, the weighting coefficient calculation formula is as follows:
wherein i represents a parameter number, wherein i ═ 1 represents the horizontal ground stress difference of the core sample, i ═ 2 represents the brittleness of the core sample, i ═ 3 represents the fracture toughness of the core sample, i ═ 4 represents the tensile strength of the core sample, and i ═ 5 represents the residual strength of the core sample; ziRepresenting parametersThe weighting coefficient of (2); ri 2The degree of fit of the parameter is indicated.
8. The method for evaluating the fracability of a complex reservoir as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 7, the fracture correction factor KCOThe calculation formula is as follows:
KCO＝C1×C2 (9)
wherein the porosity C is normalized1The calculation formula is as follows:
where por represents the porosity of the target well in%; pormaxRepresents the maximum value of porosity in the logging data, in%; porminRepresents the minimum value of porosity in the logging data in%;
normalized porosity spectrum mean square error C2The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein porV represents the mean square error of the porosity spectrum of the target well; porVmaxRepresenting the maximum value of the mean square error of the porosity spectrum of the logging data; porVminThe minimum value of the mean square error of the porosity spectrum of the logging data is represented.
9. The method for evaluating the fracability of the complex reservoir according to claim 1, wherein in the step 8, the target reservoir fracability evaluation model is as follows:
FI＝Z1Kh+Z2BI+Z3KIC+Z4σT+Z5KRE+KCO (12)
in the formula, FI represents a fracability evaluation parameter.
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| CN114544367A (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2022-05-27 | 西北大学 | Reservoir fracturing evaluation and fracturing scheme design method based on core experiment |
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| 张永浩: "页岩气储层可压裂性评价方法实验研究", 《中国优秀硕士论文库》 * |
| 郭冀宁: "L地区致密砂岩可压裂性评价", 《中国优秀硕士论文库》 * |
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