CN112305517B - Analog-digital mixed multi-beam receiving array system with columnar omnibearing coverage - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an analog-digital mixed multi-beam receiving array system with columnar omni-directional coverage, which adopts analog multi-beam formation in the pitching direction and then adopts digital beam formation in the azimuth direction. The generated multi-beam is used for receiving a plurality of needed information sources from different directions simultaneously, suppressing a plurality of interference sources from different directions and realizing receiving optimization by a digital signal processing method. The multi-beam controller dynamically divides a plurality of main beams and a plurality of auxiliary beams, is used for helping to search and track the position change information of a needed information source and an interference source, and updates the beam direction in real time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an application of an analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system 800 with columnar omni-directional coverage, such as a wireless communication technology using radio frequency, a mobile communication technology, a satellite communication technology and the like, and can also be used in application occasions of a receiving system of a phased array radar related to radar detection.
Radio frequency is meant herein to include radio frequencies such as ultra-high frequency/microwave/millimeter wave/terahertz,
background
The traditional analog radio frequency phased array can only form a single beam, so that the receiver of the analog radio frequency phased array has low speed in searching and scanning, low signal-to-noise ratio and short detection distance. The two-dimensional imaging is performed by using the analog radio frequency phased array single-beam technology, and the method has the defects of low sensitivity, single target, poor anti-interference capability and the like.
The digital multi-beam radio frequency phased array receiver overcomes the limitation of an analog radio frequency phased array, can simultaneously generate two-dimensional beam signals, and is an ideal phased array receiving system in theory. But in practice, the method can only be implemented in a low-frequency narrow-band system, because in the case of a wide band, a high-speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC) meeting the nyquist sampling theorem is required, and it is difficult to achieve small volume and low power consumption. At higher application frequencies, such as microwave and millimeter wave frequencies and even to terahertz frequencies, it is difficult to integrate all of the components from the rf device to the analog-to-digital converter to the digital interface circuit in a small area and space because the spacing of the antennas is approximately around half a wavelength. In addition, because spatial filtering is not performed before the ADC, a larger dynamic range and a larger quantization level number are needed in order not to be influenced by interference signals, so that the design requirement on the ADC is greatly improved. A larger dynamic range ADC and a larger number of quantization levels means a larger power consumption. The large power consumption brings about larger current pulse, and causes higher interference pulse voltage, so that the design of the ADC is more difficult.
The large power consumption of the digital multi-beam radio frequency phased array receiver causes heat dissipation problems, and the device can be damaged when the device is overheated. The larger dynamic range and the larger number of quantization levels, while requiring more independent power supply networks, means more package pins, requires larger chip packages, and also creates a great challenge for system design and integration.
The most troublesome problem of digital multi-beam radio frequency phased array receivers is the large number of digital transmission lines and the resultant electromagnetic interference problem. Each receive channel must have two ADCs, an array of M rows and N columns requiring 2MN ADCs and a high speed interface. When the number of cells of the array is large, these high-speed signal lines are difficult to connect directly to the central processing host, especially at millimeter waves or higher frequencies. This is because in phased array implementations, the distance between antennas is half a wavelength, and placing all components and high-speed digital wiring in this small area creates a significant challenge. The electromagnetic interference noise thus introduced, coupled into the antenna of the array, directly reduces the sensitivity of the array.
The digital multi-beam radio frequency phased array receiver is characterized in that a plurality of beams pointing to users are formed so that the transmitting/receiving signals of an antenna array in a specific direction are coherently overlapped, and the signals in other directions are mutually counteracted.
Another approach to digital multi-beam forming is the approach of Massive MIMO. Massive MIMO can be seen as a form of beamforming in a broader sense. Massive refers to the number of antenna elements in the antenna array; MIMO refers to a multiple-input multiple-output system. Similar to the method of the digital multi-beam radio frequency phased array receiver, each antenna in the Massive MIMO antenna array is connected with a receiving channel, the receiving channel provides a digital interface, namely, radio frequency signals received by the antennas are down-converted to baseband signals, then low-pass filtering is carried out, direct digitization is carried out through an ADC (analog-to-digital converter), and all phase-shifting amplitude modulation is carried out after the digitization. In a practical system, massive MIMO is performed by filtering the antennas and the user terminals, and the data transmitted in reverse direction by the surrounding environment. The signal may be reflected by buildings and other obstructions with associated delays, attenuations, and directions of arrival. There may not even be a direct path between the antenna and the user terminal. These are all directly solved by digitization, so that the subsequent calculation amount is extremely large.
Massive MIMO also has the disadvantages of digital multi-beam rf phased array receivers if it is a compact integrated approach of phased array type. If the Massive MIMO adopts a non-phased array type distributed mode, larger area and space are needed, the power consumption of a digital signal processing part needed later is increased suddenly along with the increase of the number of array units, the realization of the system is more huge, and the cost is greatly increased.
An omnidirectional array is formed by a planar array, and at least 3 opposite planar arrays are required.
The two biggest problems of planar arrays are that when the angle between the scanned beam and the normal direction of the array is increased, the width of the beam is increased, resulting in a decrease in detection sensitivity, and the dispersion effect caused by the increased angle results in a decrease in the detection/reception bandwidth.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a cylindrical omnibearing covered analog-digital mixed multi-beam receiving array system 800, which comprises n rows and m columns of receiving subarrays 201 of an analog multi-beam receiving unit 202 with antennas, m columns of orthogonal differential analog parallel interface buses 203, an analog digital signal mixed processing unit 204, a digital signal processing unit 205 and a digital control signal interface 206;
the analog-digital signal mixing processing unit 204 includes m columns of orthogonal differential low-pass filters and an analog-to-digital converter; the digital signal processing unit 205 includes a multi-beam controller 404, an azimuth multi-beam signal forming unit 410, a multi-beam analyzing unit 411, a multi-beam tracking and interference source eliminating unit 412, and a control unit 416; the connection and working modes are as follows: the receiving subarray 201 converts radio frequency signals received by parallel antennas into multi-path output multi-beam quadrature baseband signals according to columns, and feeds the multi-path output multi-beam quadrature baseband signals to the analog-digital signal mixing processing unit 204 through the analog parallel interface bus 203, and the analog-digital signal mixing processing unit 204 converts m-column multi-path output multi-beam quadrature baseband signals into a two-dimensional digital multi-beam quadrature baseband signal form through low-pass filtering and analog-digital conversion; the digital signal processing unit 205 generates a signal source for multiple needs simultaneously based on the two-dimensional digital multi-beam quadrature baseband signal
101/102 for receiving a desired signal, generating a signal simultaneously for a plurality of interferers
103/104 are used to reject these sources and to generate digital control signals and to control the receive array via digital control signal interface 206 to track the beam direction of the desired source and source in real time.
The above-mentioned cylindrical all-dimensional covered analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system 800, under the control of the digital signal processing unit 205 of the receiving sub-array 201, the analog parallel interface bus 203, is fed to the analog digital signal hybrid processing unit 204, the analog digital signal hybrid processing unit 204 first forms m columns of analog K multi-beam quadrature baseband signals in the pitch direction, then forms two-dimensional digital multi-beam signals through the azimuth direction multi-beam signal forming unit 410 in the digital signal processing unit 205, and finally forms m columns of K two-dimensional sector beam grids 110.
The above-mentioned cylindrical omni-directional coverage analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system 800, under the control of the digital signal processing unit 205 of the receiving sub-array 201, decomposes the above-mentioned process of forming the two-dimensional sector beam grid 110 into L time-separable sub-processes, and generates a two-dimensional K-beam sub-grid as a part of the l×m columns K-rows of two-dimensional sector beam grids 110 in each sub-process.
The above-mentioned column-shaped omni-directional coverage analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system 800, which receives the multi-beam analysis unit 411 in the digital signal processing unit 205 of the sub-array 201, quantifies the space on the two-dimensional beam grid of the detected plurality of desired sources 101/102 and the plurality of interference sources 103/104, and sets the sources and the interference sources above the division threshold 611 on the two-dimensional sector beam grid 110 as main beams.
The above-mentioned column-shaped omni-directional coverage analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system 800, which receives the multi-beam analysis unit 411 in the digital signal processing unit 205 of the sub-array 201, performs signal analysis and classification on the main beam, and divides the main beam into the source main beam 120 and the interference main beam 121.
The above-mentioned cylindrical omni-directional coverage analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system 800, which receives the multi-beam analysis unit 411 in the digital signal processing unit 205 of the sub-array 201, performs signal analysis on the source main beam 120, and divides the source main beam 122 into a source main beam 122 and a source main beam 123.
The above-mentioned cylindrical omni-directional coverage analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system 800 receives the main beams 124 of all independent sources in the digital signal processing unit 205 of the sub-array 201, performs signal homologous source main beam combination in the multi-beam tracking and interference source eliminating unit 412 by using an optimization algorithm, and suppresses the main beams 123 and the interference main beams 121 from different sources.
The above-mentioned cylindrical omni-directional covered analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system 800 receives the control unit 416 in the digital signal processing unit 205 of the sub-array 201, generates various control signals required for controlling the time sequence according to the external clock signal, and completes the beat control.
The above-mentioned cylindrical omni-directional coverage analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system 800, the antennas connected to the analog multi-beam receiving units 202 of the receiving sub-array 201 are circularly polarized antennas, linearly polarized antennas or elliptical circularly polarized antenna units.
The above-mentioned cylindrical omni-directional coverage analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system 800, whose receiving sub-array 201 simulates the multi-beam receiving unit 202, can be implemented by a plurality of baseband multi-beam phase-shifting amplitude modulator 311m unit circuits in the analog baseband signal domain.
The analog multi-beam receiving unit 202 of the receiving sub-array 201 of the above-mentioned cylindrical omni-directional coverage analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system 800 can implement multi-beam by down-converting the radio frequency signal amplified by the antenna in a plurality of down-converters by using the multi-phase quadrature local oscillator phase-shifted signal 313 m.
The cylindrical omni-directional coverage analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receive array system 800, which receives the sub-array 201, may replace the cylindrical structure with a planar array.
The above-mentioned cylindrical all-round covered analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system 800 receives the analog multi-beam receiving units 202 of the sub-array 201, and the required multi-beam phase-shifting amplitude modulation control signals 321 come from the multi-beam controller 404 in the digital signal processing unit 205 and are connected by the digital control signal interface 206.
The above-mentioned cylindrical omni-directional coverage analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system 800, which receives the multi-beam controllers 404 in the analog multi-beam receiving units 202 and the digital signal processing units 205 of the sub-array 201, can be integrated together and implemented in a distributed physical manner.
The above-mentioned cylindrical omnibearing covered analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system 800 receives the multi-beam controller 404 in the digital signal processing unit 205 of the subarray 201, and updates the number and the pointing direction of a plurality of required information sources 101/102 and a plurality of interference sources 103/104 and various receiving parameters in real time according to the working beats through the digital control signal interface 206.
The digital signal processing unit 205 of the receiving sub-array 201 of the above-mentioned cylindrical omni-directional coverage analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system 800 can dynamically adjust the division threshold 611 according to the receiving state, so as to control the number of main beams, increase or decrease the complexity of the optimization algorithm, and dynamically balance the received signal quality and the required minimum power consumption.
The present invention differs from conventional analog phased array receivers in that the former can generate multiple beams simultaneously and can form a two-dimensional sector beam grid 110, which is not possible with the latter.
The invention is different from the digital multi-beam radio frequency phased array receiver in that the former can form the two-dimensional sector beam grid 110 by an analog-digital mixing mode, the number of necessary low-pass filters and analog-digital converters is greatly reduced, the problem of electromagnetic compatibility is not caused by connection, and the cost and the power consumption are greatly reduced; whereas in an mxn array, 2×mxn low-pass filters and analog-to-digital converters are used, the digital connection is extremely difficult, and the cost and the power consumption are high.
The invention is different from a Massive MIMO receiver in that the former can form a two-dimensional sector beam grid 110 in a mode of analog-digital mixing, then a plurality of main beams are generated by dividing a threshold value, and the combination of the same information source and the elimination of the interference source are completed in the main beams with greatly reduced quantity, thereby greatly reducing the hardware requirement, the calculation cost and the power consumption; the latter has a hardware overhead similar to that of a digital multi-beam radio frequency phased array receiver, and the calculation cost required for solving the matrix equation is much larger.
The invention divides the omnibearing receiving array into more than or equal to three sub-receiving arrays with cylindrical structures.
Drawings
Schematic diagram of source and interference source to be received in two-dimensional sector space of fig. 1
Fig. 2 cylindrical omni-directional covered analog-to-digital hybrid multi-beam sub-receive array 200
Several implementations of the cylindrical omni-directional overlaid analog multi-beam receive unit 202 of fig. 3 the two-dimensional receivable array and digital signal processing unit structure 400 of fig. 4
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of real-time multi-beam search and tracking
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of other beam interference on beam B1
FIG. 7 is a schematic flow chart of a process for receiving a desired source and eliminating interference source coupling
Fig. 8 cylindrical omni-directional coverage analog-to-digital hybrid multi-beam receive array system 800
Detailed Description
In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a cylindrical all-dimensional coverage analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system 800, which divides a two-dimensional space into a plurality of equal two-dimensional sector subspaces, as shown in fig. 8, and divides a cylindrical surface into S sectors to be respectively connected with S analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving sub-arrays 200, where S is 8.S may be a positive integer of 3 or more.
The partial cylindrical curved surface corresponding to the sector can be replaced by a planar subarray in some occasions.
The problem of interference of an interference source in multipath communication or radar detection as shown in fig. 1 (a) is solved. The structure of the analog-to-digital hybrid multi-beam sub-receive array 200 is shown in fig. 2.
Assume that the pitch direction (first dimension direction) is θ in one two-dimensional sector subspace x The azimuth direction (second dimension direction) in one sector is θ y We need to receive multiple desired sources, e.g., 101/102/101b, simultaneously with multiple interferers 103/104. Where it is required that sources 101 and 101b belong to the same source but from two or more different directions; the desired source 102 is different from the desired sources 101 and 101b, i.e., the two sources are independent of each other. We call sources 101 and 101b homologous sources, and mutually independent sources heterologous sources. The method aims at solving the problems that all the needed information sources are received respectively at the same time, and the combination is carried out among the homologous information sources, and meanwhile, the influence from an interference source is restrained to the greatest extent. These effects can cause degradation of signal-to-noise ratio, SNR, and degradation of EVM in a communication system, reducing the quality and bandwidth of the communication.
First, we use the analog-to-digital hybrid multi-beam method to generate a two-dimensional sector beam grid 110,
as shown in fig. 1 (b), where the intersection is the location of the beam. The detected plurality of desired sources 101/102 and the plurality of interferers 103/104 are spatially quantized on a two-dimensional beam grid using the azimuth direction in the digital signal processing unit 205, i.e., the second dimension multi-beam signal forming unit 410 and the multi-beam analyzing unit 411, see fig. 4, by approximating each desired source and interferer in its direction with the intersection on the two-dimensional beam grid. Then, the multi-beam analysis unit 411 sets the source and the interference source that are larger than the division threshold 611 on the two-dimensional sector beam grid 110 as main beams, represented by the black origin.
The sub-receiving sub-array 200 of the columnar omnibearing-coverage analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system 800, as shown in fig. 2, includes n rows and m columns of functional blocks such as a receiving sub-array 201 of an analog multi-beam receiving unit 202 with an antenna, an analog parallel interface bus 203, an analog digital signal hybrid processing unit 204, a digital signal processing unit 205, a digital control signal interface 206, and the like.
The receiving sub-array 201 is used for receiving the parallel incident radio frequency electromagnetic wave through the antenna array to become radio frequency electric signals, generating K independent multi-beams in the column direction, namely in the pitching direction through the n-row m-column analog multi-beam receiving unit 202, and outputting the K independent multi-beams in the form of quadrature component I/Q and differential baseband signals.
The method of forming multiple beams in the pitch direction is called analog multiple beam forming because it is in the form of analog multiple beams. Analog multi-beam forming is similar to the principle of a conventional one-dimensional linear array phased array, but differs in that a plurality of beams are generated/output instead of one beam. The beam control signal for analog multi-beam forming may be generated from the digital control signal interface 206, or may be generated within the analog multi-beam receiving unit 202 according to an instruction from the digital control signal interface 206.
One of the methods of analog multi-beam forming implementation is vector modulation at radio frequencies. The analog multi-beam receiving unit 202 amplifies the radio frequency signals received by the antenna, then forms orthogonal radio frequency vectors, i.e. orthogonal radio frequency signals with 90 degrees phase difference, weights the needed phases by sine function and cosine function respectively, and finally realizes
sin(wt+b)＝sin(wt)cos(b)+cos(wt)sin(b)
Is used for the vector weighting of (a). Where w is the angular frequency of the radio frequency carrier frequency and b is the phase shift angle. The implementation is accomplished by a plurality of parallel multi-beam phase-shifting modulators 311 and parallel downconverters 312m, see fig. 3 (b).
Another approach to analog multi-beam forming implementation, which can be seen in fig. 3 (c), is to implement parallel down-conversion 312m, which requires an independently controllable multi-phase quadrature local oscillator phase-shifted signal 313m to do the parallel down-conversion 312m clock signal. This requires the generation of multi-phase quadrature local oscillator phase shifted signals 313m, which can also be generated by linear vector synthesis of the quadrature phase of the original local oscillator LO, e.g., sin (w Lo t+b)＝sin(w Lo t)cos(b)+cos(w Lo t) phase shifting operation of sin (b), wherein w Lo Is the local oscillator frequency.
Another method of analog multi-beam forming implementation, see fig. 3 (d), can be achieved by parallel phase-shifting amplitude modulation of quadrature baseband signals. The radio frequency input signal 302 is amplified by a low noise amplifier 310 and then converted to a quadrature baseband signal by a down converter 312. The parallel phase-shifting modulator 311m performs vector modulation on the quadrature baseband signal to shift the phase, and performs amplitude modulation by the modulator to output a multibeam phase-shifting amplitude-modulated baseband signal 320.
Regardless of the method employed, the analog multi-beam receiving unit 202 may be represented by the symbol of fig. 3 (a), and the analog multi-beam receiving unit may be controlled by a multi-beam phase-shifting amplitude modulation control signal 321 from a multi-beam controller 404 in the digital signal processing unit 205, which is sent to the analog multi-beam receiving unit 202 via the digital control signal interface 206.
A two-dimensional receivable array and digital signal processing unit 400 is shown in fig. 4, and includes a receiving sub-array 201, parallel analog multi-beam baseband IQ signal lines 401, parallel multi-beam analog-to-digital conversion units 402, and digital signal processing units 205, which are connected to the analog multi-beam receiving units 202 of M columns and N rows at the array level.
The digital signal processing unit 205 includes a multi-beam controller 404, an azimuth direction, i.e., second-dimension multi-beam signal forming unit 410, a multi-beam analyzing unit 411, a multi-beam tracking and interference source canceling unit 412, and a control unit 416.
The parallel analog multi-beam baseband IQ signal line 401 connects the outputs of the respective receiving units 202 to K beams in the vertical direction, and in addition, has a function of a distributed low-pass filter. The parallel multi-beam analog-to-digital conversion unit 402 has m×2k Low Pass Filters (LPFs) and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), where each LPF is connected to one ADC. The corresponding connection part in the LPF and the parallel analog multi-beam baseband IQ signal line 401 forms a distributed low-pass filter, forms a required low-pass filter characteristic, performs low-pass filtering on the baseband signal, and removes out-of-band interference signals, so as to ensure that the ADC can normally operate under the condition of meeting the nyquist sampling, has no aliasing distortion, and outputs a multi-beam phase-shifting amplitude modulation control signal 403.
Azimuth direction multibeamThe signal forming unit 410 performs spatial beam forming on the input signal parallel multi-beam baseband IQ signal line 409 in the second dimension, that is, performs phase shifting on parallel signals of different columns by columns to different phases, thereby completing a two-dimensional separable digital multi-beam signal 414, that is, the two-dimensional sector beam grid 110. Let the input signal parallel multibeam baseband IQ signal be S, which can be equivalent to the complex baseband signal of K rows and M columns composed of I and Q components thereof, respectively; the operation requiring phase shifting is performed by a phase rotation matrix W MxM Or may be represented by multiplication by a matrix. Let the digital multi-beam signal 414 be G, then there is
G＝SW
When the number of beams per column is insufficient, the two-dimensional sector beam grid 110 may also be time-division implemented in a time-division multiplexing manner, i.e. S1 for e.g. 1 to K rows is completed at time 1, S2 for e.g. k+1 to 2K rows is completed at time 2, etc. Can be represented by a block matrix
S＝[S1,S2,S3,...,S L ] H
Where H is the transpose. It can also be said that the process of forming the two-dimensional sector beam grid 110 is broken down into L time-separable sub-processes, in each of which a two-dimensional K-beam sub-grid is generated, a portion of the L x m columns K-row two-dimensional sector beam grid 110. When time division multiplexing is used, a corresponding memory unit is required to temporarily store signals generated due to time division, and then a digital multi-beam signal 414, that is, the two-dimensional sector beam grid 110, is formed.
The multi-beam analysis unit 411 divides the two-dimensional sector beam grid 110 signal according to a specific division threshold 611 according to the two-dimensional sector beam grid 110, if the signal amplitude is greater than the division threshold 611, and retains its output as a main beam; if the main beam is not defined before, redefining a main beam, detecting the characteristics of an information source through digital demodulation, and marking the main beam; the characteristics of the source may indicate the source information of the source and may be different in different applications and standards, such as the need to decode channel state information codes in 5G communications, e.g., satellite identity/identification codes in satellite communications, MAC address codes in IP-based digital communications, etc.
The multi-beam analysis unit 411 quantifies the detected plurality of desired sources 101/102 and the plurality of interfering sources 103/104 on the two-dimensional beam grid and sets the sources and the interfering sources that are greater than the division threshold 611 on the two-dimensional sector beam grid 110 as the main beam.
The multi-beam analysis unit 411 performs signal analysis and classification on the main beam, and divides the main beam into a source main beam 120 and an interference main beam 121; the multi-beam analysis unit 411 performs signal analysis on the source main beam 120 to divide the source main beam 122 into a source main beam 122 and a source main beam 123.
The multi-beam tracking and interferer cancellation unit 412 may be implemented with a digital signal processor DSP, or with a programmable array FPGA, or a CPU/GPU. One of the tasks of the multi-beam tracking and interferer cancellation unit 412 is to track, i.e. check, if the already defined main beam position is the best position, i.e. in the tracking area around the main beam, the position of the grid intersection reaching the maximum amplitude, see fig. 5. If the current position is not the position with the maximum amplitude, updating the position of the crossing point reaching the maximum; if the current location is already the location of greatest magnitude, the current location is maintained.
Another task of the multi-beam tracking and interferer cancellation unit 412 is interferer cancellation, i.e. optimizing the source main beam 120 to minimize all interfering main beams 121 and the heterologous source main beam 123 from interfering with it. For a desired source, although the associated receive main beam is directed to it, there will still be interference from other directional sources, including interfering main beam 121, heterologous source main beam 123; of course, there may be a homologous source main beam 122 from a different direction; the generation of the primary beam 122 of the homologous source may be a blocking or reflecting rf signal from a transmitting source or may be a direct transmission from a different direction.
For example, the output of the main beam B1 contains interference from other transmission sources, see fig. 6, where B3 and B4 are two interfering main beams 121, B2 is a heterologous source main beam 123, and B1B is a homologous source main beam 122. For the main beam B1, its output can be expressed as
Y1＝a11B1+a12B2+a13B3+a14*B4...,
More generally expressed as
Y＝AB+n
Where a is the coupling matrix and the elements on the diagonal are self-coupling coefficients, which tend to be much larger than the elements on the off-diagonal. B is the main beam vector, n is the other interference and noise effects, and Y is the actual output. Interference from other directions, including from other sources, can be reduced by an optimization algorithm.
The optimization algorithm can be various, such as minimum mean square error method, zero forcing method (force zero), etc., in case of known coupling matrix A, such as taking
B＝(A H A) -1 AHY
In the case of an unknown coupling matrix a, an iterative approach may also be used to approximate a.
The multi-beam tracking and interferer cancellation unit 412 performs signal-homologous source main beam combining using an optimization algorithm and suppresses the main beam 123 and the interfering main beam 121 from the heterologous source.
The control unit 416 in the digital signal processing unit 205 forms an operation clock by a frequency synthesizer or other clocks according to an external clock signal, generates control timings, and various control signals as needed, and performs beat control.
The multi-beam controller 404 in the digital signal processing unit 205 updates the number and the pointing direction of the plurality of desired sources 101/102 and the plurality of interference sources 103/104, and various reception parameters in real time according to the working beats through the digital control signal interface 206. As previously described, the multi-beam controller 404 may be in a centralized fashion as shown in fig. 4, or may be designed to be partially centralized and partially distributed, i.e., partially left in fig. 4 and partially divided into sub-modules dispersed in an array; or may be entirely distributed, such as integrated within the analog multi-beam receiving unit 202. The digital control signal interface 206 is partially modified or divided according to the implementation of the multi-beam controller 404, and is also partially distributed.
The control unit 416 of the digital signal processing unit 205 also has a special control function, and can dynamically adjust the dividing threshold 611 according to the receiving state. When the segmentation threshold 611 is selected to be low, the number of main beams appearing is relatively large, and the calculation amount is relatively large; when the division threshold 611 is selected to be high, the number of main beams that occur is small, and the amount of calculation to be performed later is small. The control unit 416 is responsible for controlling the number of main beams, increasing or decreasing the complexity of the optimization algorithm, and dynamically balancing the received signal quality with the minimum power consumption required.
The process of using the receiver method of an analog-to-digital hybrid multi-beam receive array to receive the desired source and eliminate the coupling of the interferer is illustrated in fig. 7.
The technology proposed in the present invention can be applied to occasions such as wireless communication, mobile communication, satellite communication, etc. Since radar technology and communication technology have much in common, the technology can also find application in the radar field for achieving multi-target tracking and real-time interference cancellation.
The foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment and preferred examples of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and any simple modification, variation and re-division and variation of equivalent structures according to the technical matter of the present invention, and the renaming of equivalent technical terms and names still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (16)
1. An analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system with columnar omni-directional coverage, wherein the sub-receiving array comprises one or more receiving sub-arrays; each receiving subarray comprises n rows and m columns of analog multi-beam receiving units with antennas, m columns of orthogonal differential analog parallel interface buses, an analog digital signal mixing processing unit, a digital signal processing unit and a digital control signal interface; the analog-digital signal mixing processing unit comprises m columns of orthogonal differential low-pass filters and an analog-digital converter; the digital signal processing unit comprises a multi-beam controller (404), a azimuth direction, namely a second dimension multi-beam signal forming unit (410), a multi-beam analyzing unit (411), a multi-beam tracking and interference source eliminating unit (412) and a control unit (416); the connection and working modes are as follows: the receiving subarray (201) converts radio frequency signals received by parallel antennae into multi-beam quadrature baseband signals which are multiplexed by columns, the signals are fed to the analog-digital signal mixing processing unit (204) through the analog parallel interface bus (203), and the analog-digital signal mixing processing unit (204) converts m-column multi-output multi-beam quadrature baseband signals into a two-dimensional digital multi-beam quadrature baseband signal form through low-pass filtering and analog-digital conversion; a digital signal processing unit (205) generates main beams for a plurality of required sources (101, 102) simultaneously according to two-dimensional digital multi-beam quadrature baseband signals for receiving the required signals, generates main beams for a plurality of interference sources (103, 104) simultaneously for suppressing the interference sources, generates digital control signals and controls a receiving array through a digital control signal interface (206) to track the beam directions of the required sources and the interference sources in real time.
2. The cylindrical omni-directional coverage analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system according to claim 1, wherein the receiving sub-array (201) is controlled by the digital signal processing unit (205), the receiving sub-array (201), the analog parallel interface bus (203) is fed to the analog digital signal hybrid processing unit (204), m columns of K analog multi-beam quadrature baseband signals in the pitch direction are formed first, then the m columns of K analog multi-beam quadrature baseband signals are formed through the azimuth direction multi-beam signal forming unit (410) in the digital signal processing unit (205), and the two-dimensional digital multi-beam signals are formed through convolution, so that the m columns of K two-dimensional sector beam grids (110) are finally formed.
3. The cylindrical omni-directional coverage analog-to-digital hybrid multi-beam receive array system of claim 2, wherein the receive sub-array (201) is under the control of the digital signal processing unit (205), said process of forming m columns K rows of two-dimensional sector beam grids (110) is broken down into L time-separable sub-processes, each of which produces a two-dimensional K columns K rows of beam grids as a part of the L x m columns K rows of two-dimensional sector beam grids (110).
4. The cylindrical omni-directional coverage analog-to-digital hybrid multi-beam receive array system of claim 1, characterized in that a multi-beam analysis unit (411) in the digital signal processing unit (205) of the receive subarray (201) quantifies the space on the detected plurality of desired sources and plurality of interferers two-dimensional beam grids and sets sources and interferers on the two-dimensional sector beam grid (110) that are greater than the splitting threshold (611) as the main beam.
5. The cylindrical omni-directional coverage analog-to-digital hybrid multi-beam receive array system of claim 1, wherein a multi-beam analysis unit (411) in the digital signal processing unit (205) of the receive subarray (201) performs signal analysis and classification on the main beam, and is divided into a source main beam (120) and an interfering main beam (121).
6. The cylindrical omni-directional coverage analog-to-digital hybrid multi-beam receive array system of claim 1, wherein a multi-beam analysis unit (411) in the digital signal processing unit (205) of the receive subarray (201) performs signal analysis on the source main beam (120) to divide the source main beam (122) into a homologous source main beam and a heterologous source main beam (123).
7. The cylindrical omni-directional coverage analog-to-digital hybrid multi-beam receive array system of claim 1, wherein the receive sub-array (201) digital signal processing unit (205) performs signal-homologous source main beam combining and suppressing from the heterologous source main beam (123) and the interfering main beam (121) for all independent source main beams (124) in the multi-beam tracking and interference source cancellation unit (412) using an optimization algorithm.
8. The cylindrical omni-directional coverage analog-to-digital hybrid multi-beam receive array system of claim 1, wherein: a control unit (416) in the digital signal processing unit (205) generates control timing and various control signals as needed according to an external clock signal, and finishes beat control.
9. The cylindrical omni-directional coverage analog-to-digital hybrid multi-beam receive array system of claim 1, wherein: the antenna connected with the analog multi-beam receiving unit (202) is a circularly polarized antenna, a linearly polarized antenna or an elliptically polarized antenna unit.
10. The cylindrical omni-directional coverage analog-to-digital hybrid multi-beam receive array system of claim 1, characterized in that its receive subarray (201) analog multi-beam receive unit (202) is implemented by a plurality of baseband multi-beam phase-shifting modulator (311 m) unit circuits in the analog baseband signal domain.
11. The cylindrical omni-directional coverage analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system according to claim 1, wherein the receiving sub-array (201) simulates a multi-beam receiving unit (202) and performs multi-beam by down-converting the radio frequency signal received and amplified by the antenna in a plurality of down-converters by using the multi-phase quadrature local oscillator phase-shifted signal (313 m).
12. The cylindrical omni-directional coverage analog-to-digital hybrid multi-beam receive array system of claim 1, characterized in that it receives sub-arrays (201) implemented on planar arrays.
13. The cylindrical omni-directional coverage analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system according to claim 1, wherein the receiving sub-array (201) simulates a multi-beam receiving unit (202), the required multi-beam phase-shifting amplitude modulation control signal (321) comes from a multi-beam controller (404) in the digital signal processing unit (205), and the connection is realized by the digital control signal interface (206).
14. The cylindrical omni-directional coverage analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receive array system of claim 1, wherein the receive sub-array (201) is implemented in a distributed physical manner by integrating multi-beam controllers (404) in an analog multi-beam receive unit (202) and a digital signal processing unit (205).
15. The cylindrical omni-directional coverage analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system according to claim 1, wherein the multi-beam controller (404) in the digital signal processing unit (205) of the receiving sub-array (201) updates the number and the pointing direction of the plurality of required sources and the plurality of interference sources and various receiving parameters in real time according to the working beats through the digital control signal interface (206).
16. The cylindrical omni-directional coverage analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system according to claim 1, wherein the digital signal processing unit (205) of the receiving sub-array (201) dynamically adjusts the dividing threshold (611) according to the receiving state to control the number of main beams, increase or decrease the complexity of the optimization algorithm, and dynamically balance the received signal quality with the required minimum power consumption.
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