CN112305516B - Analog-digital mixed multi-beam formation and application thereof in receiving array - Google Patents
Analog-digital mixed multi-beam formation and application thereof in receiving array Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
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- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
Abstract
The invention discloses an analog-digital mixed multi-beam receiving array system, which adopts analog multi-beam formation in a first dimension direction and adopts digital multi-beam formation in a second dimension direction. The generated multi-beam is used for receiving a plurality of needed information sources from different directions simultaneously, suppressing a plurality of interference sources from different directions and realizing receiving optimization by a digital signal processing method. The multi-beam controller dynamically divides a plurality of main beams and a plurality of auxiliary beams, is used for helping to search and track the position change information of a needed information source and an interference source, and updates the beam direction in real time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an application of an analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system, such as a wireless communication technology using radio frequency, a mobile communication technology, a satellite communication technology and the like, and can also be used for application occasions of a receiving system of a phased array radar related to radar detection.
Radio frequencies herein include radio frequencies such as ultra-high frequency/microwave/millimeter wave/terahertz.
Background
The traditional analog radio frequency phased array can only form a single beam, so that the receiver of the analog radio frequency phased array has low speed in searching and scanning, low signal-to-noise ratio and short detection distance. The two-dimensional imaging is performed by using the analog radio frequency phased array single-beam technology, and the method has the defects of low sensitivity, single target, poor anti-interference capability and the like.
The digital multi-beam radio frequency phased array receiver overcomes the limitation of an analog radio frequency phased array, can simultaneously generate two-dimensional beam signals, and is an ideal phased array receiving system in theory. However, the method can be practically implemented in a low-frequency narrow-band system, because in the case of a wide band, a high-speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC) meeting the nyquist sampling theorem is required, and it is difficult to achieve small size and low power consumption.
At higher application frequencies, such as microwave and millimeter wave frequencies and even to terahertz frequencies, it is difficult to integrate all of the components from the rf device to the analog-to-digital converter to the digital interface circuit in a small area and space because the spacing of the antennas is approximately around half a wavelength. In addition, as no spatial filtering is performed before the ADC, a larger dynamic range and a larger number of quantization levels are needed in order not to be influenced by interference signals, so that the requirement on the design of the ADC is greatly improved. A larger dynamic range ADC and a larger number of quantization levels means a larger power consumption. The large power consumption brings about larger current pulse, and causes higher interference pulse voltage, so that the design of the ADC is more difficult.
The large power consumption of the digital multi-beam radio frequency phased array receiver causes heat dissipation problems, and the device can be damaged when the device is overheated. The larger dynamic range and the larger number of quantization levels, while requiring more independent power supply networks, means more package pins, requires larger chip packages, and also creates a great challenge for system design and integration.
The most troublesome problem of digital multi-beam radio frequency phased array receivers is the large number of digital transmission lines and the resultant electromagnetic interference problem. Each receive channel must have two ADCs, an array of M rows and N columns requiring 2MN ADCs and a high speed interface. When the number of cells of the array is large, these high-speed signal lines are difficult to connect directly to the central processing host, especially at millimeter waves or higher frequencies. This is because in phased array implementations, the distance between antennas is half a wavelength, and placing all components and high-speed digital wiring in this small area creates a significant challenge. The resulting electromagnetic interference noise, coupled into the antenna of the array, directly reduces the sensitivity of the array.
The method of the digital multi-beam radio frequency phased array receiver is to form a plurality of beams pointing to users so that the transmitting/receiving signals of the antenna array in a specific direction are coherently overlapped, and the signals in other directions are mutually counteracted.
Another approach to digital multi-beam forming is the approach of Massive MIMO. Massive MIMO can be seen as a form of beamforming in a broader sense. Massive refers to the number of antenna elements in the antenna array; MIMO refers to a multiple-input multiple-output system. Similar to the method of the digital multi-beam radio frequency phased array receiver, each antenna in the Massive MIMO antenna array is connected with a receiving channel, the receiving channel provides a digital interface, namely, radio frequency signals received by the antennas are down-converted to baseband signals, then low-pass filtering is carried out, direct digitization is carried out through an ADC (analog-to-digital converter), and all phase-shifting amplitude modulation is carried out after the digitization. In a practical system, massive MIMO is performed by filtering the antennas and the user terminals, and the data transmitted in reverse direction by the surrounding environment. The signal may be reflected by buildings and other obstructions with associated delays, attenuations, and directions of arrival. There may not even be a direct path between the antenna and the user terminal. These are all directly solved by digitization, so that the subsequent calculation amount is extremely large.
Massive MIMO also has the disadvantages of digital multi-beam rf phased array receivers if it is a compact integrated approach of phased array type. If the Massive MIMO adopts a non-phased array distributed manner, a larger area or space is required, and the power consumption of the digital signal processing part required later increases suddenly with the increase of the number of array units, so that the realization of the system is more huge, and the cost is greatly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at the technical problems, and provides an analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system 200, which comprises a receiving array 201 of an analog multi-beam receiving unit 202 with n rows and m columns of antennas, an analog parallel interface bus 203 of m columns of orthogonal difference, an analog digital signal hybrid processing unit 204, a digital signal processing unit 205 and a digital control signal interface 206; the analog-digital signal mixing processing unit 204 includes m columns of orthogonal differential low-pass filters and an analog-to-digital converter; the digital signal processing unit 205 includes a multi-beam controller 404, a second-dimension multi-beam signal forming unit 410, a multi-beam analyzing unit 411, a multi-beam tracking and interference source eliminating unit 412, and a control unit 416; the connection and working modes are as follows: the receiving array 201 converts the radio frequency signals received by the parallel antennas into multi-path output multi-beam quadrature baseband signals according to columns, and feeds the multi-path output multi-beam quadrature baseband signals to the analog-digital signal mixing processing unit 204 through the analog parallel interface bus 203, and the analog-digital signal mixing processing unit 204 converts the m-column multi-path output multi-beam quadrature baseband signals into a two-dimensional digital multi-beam quadrature baseband signal form through low-pass filtering and analog-digital conversion; the digital signal processing unit 205 generates a main beam for a plurality of desired sources 101/102 for receiving the useful signal according to the two-dimensional digital multi-beam quadrature baseband signal, generates a main beam for a plurality of interference sources 103/104 for suppressing the interference sources, generates a digital control signal, and controls the receiving array through the digital control signal interface 206 to track the beam directions of the desired sources and the interference sources in real time. The "desired signal" and "desired source" herein refer to the desired received useful signal and useful source, respectively.
The above-mentioned analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system 200, under the control of its digital signal processing unit 205, is fed to the receiving array 201, the analog parallel interface bus 203, and fed to the analog-digital signal hybrid processing unit 204, where the analog-digital signal hybrid processing unit 204 first forms m columns of analog K multi-beam quadrature baseband signals of a first dimension, and then, the m columns of analog K multi-beam quadrature baseband signals are convolved to form two-dimensional digital multi-beam signals through a second-dimension multi-beam signal forming unit 410 in the digital signal processing unit 205, and finally, the m columns of K rows of two-dimensional beam grids 110 are formed.
The analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system 200, under the control of the digital signal processing unit 205, decomposes the process of forming the two-dimensional beam grid 110 into L time-separable sub-processes, each of which generates a two-dimensional K-beam grid, and a portion of the m-column l×k-row two-dimensional beam grid 110.
In the analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system 200, the multi-beam analysis unit 411 in the digital signal processing unit 205 quantizes the space on the two-dimensional beam grid of the detected multiple desired sources 101/102 and the detected multiple interference sources 103/104, and sets the sources and the interference sources that are larger than the division threshold 611 on the two-dimensional beam grid 110 as main beams.
In the above-mentioned analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system 200, the multi-beam analysis unit 411 in the digital signal processing unit 205 performs signal analysis and classification on the main beam, and divides the main beam into the source main beam 120 and the interference main beam 121.
In the above-mentioned analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system 200, the multi-beam analysis unit 411 in the digital signal processing unit 205 performs signal analysis on the source main beam 120 to divide the source main beam 122 into a source main beam 122 and a source main beam 123.
In the above-mentioned analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system 200, in the digital signal processing unit 205, for all the independent source main beams 124, in the multi-beam tracking and interference source cancellation unit 412, the signal homologous source main beams are combined by using an optimization algorithm, and the source main beams 123 and the interference main beams 121 from the heterologous source are suppressed.
In the above-mentioned analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system 200, the control unit 416 in the digital signal processing unit 205 generates a control timing and various control signals according to an external clock signal, so as to complete the control of the working timing.
In the analog-to-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system 200, the antennas connected to the analog multi-beam receiving unit 202 are circularly polarized antennas, linearly polarized antennas or elliptically polarized antenna units.
The analog-to-digital hybrid multi-beam receive array system 200, the analog multi-beam receive unit 202,
may be implemented by a plurality of baseband multi-beam phase-shifting modulator 311m unit circuits in the analog baseband signal domain.
The analog-to-digital hybrid multi-beam receive array system 200, which simulates the multi-beam receive unit 202,
multiple beams may be implemented by down-converting, in a plurality of down-converters, the radio frequency signal amplified by the radio frequency signal received by the antenna using the multi-phase quadrature local oscillator phase-shifted signal 313 m.
The analog-to-digital hybrid multi-beam receive array system 200, which simulates the multi-beam receive unit 202,
this can be achieved by amplifying the radio frequency signal received by the antenna using the multibeam phase-shifting modulator 311 and then directly phase-shifting the amplitude of the radio frequency signal.
In the analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system 200, the analog multi-beam receiving unit 202 and the required multi-beam phase-shift amplitude-modulation control signal 321 are connected by the digital control signal interface 206 from the multi-beam controller 404 in the digital signal processing unit 205.
The analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system 200, which simulates the multi-beam receiving unit 202 and the multi-beam controller 404 in the digital signal processing unit 205, may be integrated together and implemented in a distributed physical manner.
In the above-mentioned analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system 200, the multi-beam controller 404 in the digital signal processing unit 205 updates the number, the pointing direction and various receiving parameters of the multiple required sources 101/102 and the multiple interference sources 103/104 in real time according to the working time sequence through the digital control signal interface 206.
In the analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system 200, the digital signal processing unit 205 can dynamically adjust the division threshold 611 according to the receiving state, so as to control the number of main beams, increase or decrease the complexity of the optimization algorithm, and dynamically balance the received signal quality and the required minimum power consumption.
The present invention differs from conventional analog phased array receivers in that the former can generate multiple beams simultaneously and can form a two-dimensional beam grid 110, which is not possible with the latter.
The invention is different from the digital multi-beam radio frequency phased array receiver in that the former can form a two-dimensional beam grid 110 by an analog-digital mixing mode, the number of necessary low-pass filters and analog-digital converters is greatly reduced, the problem of electromagnetic compatibility is not caused by connection, and the cost and the power consumption are greatly reduced; whereas in an mxn array, 2×mxn low-pass filters and analog-to-digital converters are used, the digital connection is extremely difficult, and the cost and the power consumption are high.
The invention is different from a Massive MIMO receiver in that the former can form a two-dimensional beam grid 110 in a mode of analog-digital mixing, then a plurality of main beams are generated by dividing a threshold value, and the same information source and the interference source elimination are combined in the main beams with greatly reduced quantity, thereby greatly reducing the hardware requirement, the calculation cost and the power consumption; the latter has a hardware overhead similar to that of a digital multi-beam radio frequency phased array receiver, and the calculation cost required for solving the matrix equation is much larger.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a desired source and an interfering source for real-time spatial domain desired reception and quantization in a two-dimensional beam grid
Fig. 2 analog-to-digital hybrid multi-beam receive array system 200
Several implementations of the analog multi-beam receiving unit 202 of fig. 3
FIG. 4 two-dimensional, receivable, array and digital signal processing unit structure 400
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of real-time multi-beam search and tracking
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of other beam interference on beam B1
FIG. 7 is a schematic flow chart of eliminating interference source coupling by using main beam and auxiliary tracking beam
Detailed Description
The present invention is directed to the above technical problems, and an analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system 200 is provided, which solves the problem that interference sources exist in a type of communication multi-path communication or radar detection as shown in fig. 1 (a).
Assume that the first dimension direction is theta in a two-dimensional space x The second dimension direction is theta y We need to receive multiple desired sources, e.g., 101/102/101b, simultaneously with multiple interferers 103/104. Where it is desirable that sources 101 and 101b belong to the same information source but are from two or more different directions. The need source 102 is another need source that is different from the need sources 101 and 101 b. We call sources 101 and 101b homologous sources. The mutually independent sources are heterogeneous sources. The method aims to solve the problems that all needed information sources are received respectively at the same time, the combination is carried out among the homologous information sources, and meanwhile, the influence from an interference source is restrained to the greatest extent. These effects can cause degradation of signal-to-noise ratio, SNR, and degradation of EVM in a communication system, reducing the quality and bandwidth of the communication.
First, we use the analog-to-digital hybrid multi-beam method to generate a two-dimensional beam grid 110, as shown in fig. 1 (b), where the crossover point is the location of the beam. The detected plurality of desired sources 101/102 and the plurality of interferers 103/104 are spatially quantized on the two-dimensional beam grid using the second-dimensional multi-beam signal forming unit 410 and the multi-beam analysis unit 411 in the digital signal processing unit 205, see fig. 2 and 4, i.e., the respective desired sources and interferers are approximated in their directions by the intersection points on the two-dimensional beam grid. The multi-beam analysis unit 411 then sets the source and the source of interference on the two-dimensional beam grid 110 that are greater than the division threshold 611 as the main beam, represented by the darkened origin.
As shown in fig. 2, the analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system 200 includes n rows and m columns of receiving arrays 201 of analog multi-beam receiving units 202 with antennas, an analog parallel interface bus 203, an analog-digital signal hybrid processing unit 204, a digital signal processing unit 205, a digital control signal interface 206, and other functional blocks.
The receiving array 201 is used for receiving the parallel incident radio frequency electromagnetic wave through the antenna array to become radio frequency electric signals, generating K independent multiple beams in the direction of the first dimension by the n rows and m columns of analog multiple beam receiving units 202, and outputting the K independent multiple beams in the form of quadrature component I/Q and differential baseband signals.
The method of generating multiple beams in the first dimension is in the form of analog multiple beams, and is therefore referred to as analog multiple beam forming. Analog multi-beam forming is similar to the principle of a conventional one-dimensional linear array phased array, but differs in that a plurality of beams are generated/output instead of one beam. The beam control signal for analog multi-beam forming may be generated from the digital control signal interface 206, or may be generated within the analog multi-beam receiving unit 202 according to an instruction from the digital control signal interface 206.
One of the methods of analog multi-beam forming implementation is vector modulation at radio frequencies. The analog multi-beam receiving unit 202 amplifies the radio frequency signals received by the antenna, then forms orthogonal radio frequency vectors, i.e. orthogonal radio frequency signals with 90 degrees phase difference, and then weights the needed phases by sine function and cosine function respectively to realize
sin(wt+b)＝sin(wt)cos(b)+cos(wt)sin(b)
Is used for the vector weighting of (a). Where w is the angular frequency of the radio frequency carrier frequency and b is the phase shift angle. The formation of analog multibeam is accomplished by a plurality of parallel multibeam phase shifting modulators 311 and parallel downconverters 312m, see fig. 3 (b).
Another method for implementing analog multi-beam forming is shown in fig. 3 (c), in which the rf input signal 302 is amplified by the low noise amplifier 310 and input to the parallel down-converter 312m, and simultaneously the independently controllable multi-phase quadrature local oscillator phase-shifted signal 313m is input as the clock signal to the parallel down-converter 312m, and output as a multi-beam phase-shifted amplitude modulated baseband signal. This requires generating multi-phase quadrature local oscillator phase-shifted signals 313m, which may also be generated by linear vector synthesis of the quadrature phase of the original local oscillator LO, to achieve phase shifting operations such as sin (wlot+b) =sin (wLot) cos (b) +cos (wLot) sin (b), where wLo is the local oscillator frequency.
Another method for implementing analog multi-beam forming is shown in fig. 3 (d), in which the rf input signal 302 is amplified by the low noise amplifier 310, and is sent to the parallel down-converter 312m along with the quadrature local oscillator signal 313, and the output signal is sent to the baseband multi-beam phase-shifting modulator 311m, where the quadrature baseband signal is vector modulated to shift phase and amplitude, and the baseband signal 320 with multi-beam phase-shifting amplitude modulation is output.
Regardless of the method employed, the analog multi-beam receiving unit 202 may be represented by the symbol of fig. 3 (a), and the analog multi-beam receiving unit may be controlled by a multi-beam phase-shifting amplitude modulation control signal 321 from a multi-beam controller 404 in the digital signal processing unit 205, which is sent to the analog multi-beam receiving unit 202 via the digital control signal interface 206.
A two-dimensional receivable array and digital signal processing unit 400 is shown in fig. 4, and includes a receiving array 201, parallel analog multi-beam baseband IQ signal lines 401, parallel multi-beam analog-to-digital conversion units 402, and digital signal processing units 205, which are connected to the parallel analog multi-beam baseband IQ signal lines 401 output by the analog multi-beam receiving units 202 of M columns and N rows at the array level.
The digital signal processing unit 205 includes a multi-beam controller 404, a second-dimension multi-beam signal forming unit 410, a multi-beam analyzing unit 411, a multi-beam tracking and interference source canceling unit 412, and a control unit 416.
The parallel analog multi-beam baseband IQ signal line 401 connects the outputs of the respective receiving units 202 to K beams in the vertical direction, and in addition, has a function of a distributed low-pass filter. The parallel multi-beam analog-to-digital conversion unit 402 has Mx2K Low Pass Filters (LPFs) and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), where each LPF is connected to one ADC. The corresponding connection part in the LPF and the parallel analog multi-beam baseband IQ signal line 401 forms a distributed low-pass filter, forms a required low-pass filter characteristic, performs low-pass filtering on the baseband signal, and removes out-of-band interference signals, so as to ensure that the ADC can normally operate under the condition of meeting the nyquist sampling, has no aliasing distortion, and outputs a multi-beam phase-shifting amplitude modulation control signal 403.
The second dimension multi-beam signal forming unit 410 performs space beam forming on the input signal parallel multi-beam baseband IQ signal line 409 in a second dimension, that is, performs phase shifting on parallel signals of different columns by columns to complete a two-dimensional separable digital multi-beam signal 414, that is, the two-dimensional beam grid 110. Let the input signal parallel multibeam baseband IQ signal be S, which can be equivalent to the complex baseband signal of K rows and M columns composed of I and Q components thereof, respectively; the operation requiring phase shifting is performed by a phase rotation matrix W MxM Can be realized by multiplying by matrix, and if the digital multi-beam signal 414 is G, there is
G＝SW
When the number of beams in each column is insufficient, the two-dimensional beam grid 110 may also be time-division implemented in a time-division multiplexing manner, i.e. S1 for example, 1 to K rows is completed at time 1, S2 for example, k+1 to 2K rows is completed at time 2, etc. Can be represented by a block matrix
S＝[S1,S2,S3,...,S L ] H
Where H is the transpose. It can also be said that the process of forming the two-dimensional beam grid 110 is broken down into L time-separable sub-processes, each of which produces a two-dimensional m columns of K-row beam sub-grids as part of the L x m columns of K-row two-dimensional beam grid 110. When time division multiplexing is used, a corresponding memory unit is required to temporarily store signals generated due to time division, and then a digital multi-beam signal 414, that is, the two-dimensional beam grid 110, is formed.
The multi-beam analysis unit 411 divides the two-dimensional beam grid 110 signal according to a specific division threshold 611 according to the two-dimensional beam grid 110, for example, the signal amplitude is larger than the division threshold 611, and retains its output as a main beam. If the main beam is not defined before, a main beam is redefined, the characteristics of the information source are detected through digital demodulation, and the main beam is identified.
The source is characterized by source information that can indicate the source, and can be different in different applications and standards, such as the need to decode channel state information codes in 5G communications, such as satellite identity/identification codes in satellite communications, such as MAC address codes in IP-based digital communications, etc.
The multi-beam analysis unit 411 quantifies the detected two-dimensional beam grid of the plurality of desired sources 101/102 and the plurality of interfering sources 103/104, and sets the sources and the interfering sources that are greater than the division threshold 611 on the two-dimensional beam grid 110 as main beams.
The multi-beam analysis unit 411 performs signal analysis and classification on the main beam, and divides the main beam into a source main beam and an interference main beam 121. The multi-beam analysis unit 411 performs signal analysis on the source main beam to divide the source main beam 122 into a homologous source main beam and a heterologous source main beam 123.
The multi-beam tracking and interferer cancellation unit 412 may be implemented with a digital signal processor DSP, or with a programmable array FPGA, or a CPU/GPU. One of the tasks of the multi-beam tracking and interferer cancellation unit 412 is to track, i.e. check, if the position of the already defined main beam is the best position, i.e. in the tracking area around the main beam, the position of the grid intersection reaching the maximum amplitude, see fig. 5. If the current position is not the position with the largest amplitude, updating to the position of the largest intersection; if the current position is the maximum magnitude of the position, the current position is maintained.
Another task of the multi-beam tracking and interferer cancellation unit 412 is interferer cancellation, i.e. optimizing the source main beam to minimize the interference of all interfering main beams 121 and the heterologous source main beam 123. For a desired source, although the associated receive main beam is directed to it, there will still be interference from other directional sources, including interfering main beam 121, and heterologous source main beam 123. Of course, there may be a homologous source main beam 122 from a different direction. The generation of the primary beam 122 of the homologous source may be a blocking or reflecting rf signal from a transmitting source or may be a direct transmission from a different direction.
For example, the output of the main beam B1 contains interference from other transmission sources, see fig. 6, where B3 and B4 are two interfering main beams 121, B2 is a heterologous source main beam 123, and B1B is a homologous source main beam 122. For the main beam B1, its output can be expressed as
Y1＝a11B1+a12B2+a13B3+a14*B4...,
More generally expressed as
Y＝AB+n
Where a is the coupling matrix and the elements on the diagonal are self-coupling coefficients, which tend to be much larger than the elements on the off-diagonal. B is the main beam vector, n is the other interference and noise effects, and Y is the actual output. Interference from other directions, including from other sources, can be reduced by optimization algorithms.
The optimization algorithm can be various, such as minimum mean square error method, zero forcing method (force zero), etc., in case of known coupling matrix A, such as taking
B＝(A H A) -1 AHY
In the case of an unknown coupling matrix a, an iterative approach may also be used to approximate a.
The multi-beam tracking and interferer cancellation unit 412 performs signal-homologous source main beam combining using an optimization algorithm and suppresses the main beam 123 and the interfering main beam 121 from the heterologous source.
The control unit 416 in the digital signal processing unit 205 forms an operation clock by a frequency synthesizer or other clocks according to an external clock signal, generates control timing and various control signals required to accomplish the operation timing control.
The multi-beam controller 404 in the digital signal processing unit 205 updates the number, the pointing direction and various reception parameters of the plurality of desired sources 101/102 and the plurality of interference sources 103/104 in real time according to the operation timing sequence through the digital control signal interface 206. As previously described, the multi-beam controller 404 may be in a centralized fashion as shown in fig. 4, or may be designed to be partially centralized and partially distributed, i.e., partially left in fig. 4 and partially divided into sub-modules dispersed in an array; or may be entirely distributed, such as integrated within the analog multi-beam receiving unit 202. The digital control signal interface 206 is partially modified or divided according to the implementation of the multi-beam controller 404, and is also partially distributed.
The control unit 416 of the digital signal processing unit 205 also has a special control function, and can dynamically adjust the dividing threshold 611 according to the receiving state. When the division threshold 611 is selected to be relatively low, the number of main beams that occur is relatively large, and the amount of calculation to be performed later is also relatively large. When the division threshold 611 is selected to be relatively high, the number of main beams that occur is relatively small, and the amount of calculation to be performed later is also relatively small. The control unit 416 is responsible for controlling the number of main beams, increasing or decreasing the complexity of the optimization algorithm, and dynamically balancing the received signal quality with the minimum power consumption required.
A schematic flow diagram of receiving the desired source and eliminating the coupling of the interference source using the receiving method of the analog-to-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array is shown in fig. 7.
The technology proposed in the present invention can be applied to occasions such as wireless communication, mobile communication, satellite communication, etc. Since radar technology and communication technology are in common, the technology can find application in the radar field for achieving multi-target tracking and real-time interference cancellation.
The foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment and preferred examples of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and any simple modification, variation and re-division and variation of equivalent structures according to the technical matter of the present invention, and the renaming of equivalent technical terms and names still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (16)
1. The analog-digital mixed multi-beam receiving array system is characterized by comprising a receiving array of n rows and m columns of analog multi-beam receiving units with antennas, m columns of orthogonal differential analog parallel interface buses, an analog digital signal mixed processing unit, a digital signal processing unit and a digital control signal interface; the analog-digital signal mixing processing unit comprises m columns of orthogonal differential low-pass filters and an analog-digital converter; the digital signal processing unit comprises a multi-beam controller, a second-dimension multi-beam signal forming unit, a multi-beam analysis unit, a multi-beam tracking and interference source eliminating unit and a control unit; the connection and working modes are as follows: the receiving array converts radio frequency signals received by the parallel antennas into multi-beam quadrature baseband signals which are multiplexed according to columns, and the multi-beam quadrature baseband signals are fed to the analog-digital signal mixing processing unit through the analog parallel interface bus, and the analog-digital signal mixing processing unit converts m-column multi-beam quadrature baseband signals into a two-dimensional digital multi-beam quadrature baseband signal form through low-pass filtering and analog-digital conversion; the digital signal processing unit performs space quantization and segmentation on a two-dimensional beam grid network according to the two-dimensional digital multi-beam quadrature baseband signals, sets a signal source and an interference source which are larger than a segmentation threshold as main beams, generates main beams for a plurality of required signal sources for receiving useful signals at the same time, generates main beams for a plurality of interference sources for suppressing the interference sources at the same time, generates digital control signals, controls a receiving array through a digital control signal interface, and tracks the beam directions of the required signal sources and the interference sources in real time.
2. The analog-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system according to claim 1, wherein the receiving array, the analog parallel interface bus, are fed to the analog-digital signal hybrid processing unit under the control of the digital signal processing unit, the analog-digital signal hybrid processing unit forms m columns of analog K multi-beam quadrature baseband signals of a first dimension, and then convolves the m columns of analog K multi-beam quadrature baseband signals to form two-dimensional digital multi-beam signals through a second dimension multi-beam signal forming unit in the digital signal processing unit, and finally forms m columns of K rows of two-dimensional beam grids.
3. The analog-to-digital hybrid multi-beam receive array system of claim 1, wherein the process of forming the two-dimensional beam grid is decomposed into L time-separable sub-processes under control of the digital signal processing unit, and wherein each sub-process produces a two-dimensional m-column K-row beam grid as part of the L m-column K-row two-dimensional beam grids.
4. The analog-to-digital hybrid multi-beam receive array system of claim 1, wherein the multi-beam analysis unit in the digital signal processing unit quantizes the space on the two-dimensional beam grid of the detected plurality of desired sources and the plurality of interfering sources and sets the sources and the interfering sources on the two-dimensional beam grid that are greater than the splitting threshold as the main beam.
5. The analog-to-digital hybrid multi-beam receive array system of claim 1 or 4, wherein the multi-beam analysis unit in the digital signal processing unit performs signal analysis and classification of the main beam into a source main beam and an interfering main beam.
6. The analog-to-digital hybrid multi-beam receive array system of claim 5, wherein the multi-beam analysis unit in the digital signal processing unit performs signal analysis on the source main beam to separate a source main beam from a source main beam.
7. The analog-to-digital hybrid multi-beam receive array system of claim 6, wherein the digital signal processing unit performs signal homologous source main beam combining and suppressing main beams from the heterologous source main beam and the interfering main beam for all independent source main beams in the multi-beam tracking and interference source cancellation unit using an optimization algorithm.
8. The analog-to-digital hybrid multi-beam receive array system of claim 1, wherein: and a control unit in the digital signal processing unit generates a control time sequence and various control signals required according to an external clock signal to complete the control of the working time sequence.
9. The analog-to-digital hybrid multi-beam receive array system of claim 1, wherein: the antennas connected with the analog multi-beam receiving units are circularly polarized antennas, linearly polarized antennas or elliptically polarized antennas.
10. The analog-to-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system according to claim 1, wherein the analog multi-beam receiving unit amplifies the radio frequency signal received by the antenna, performs phase-shifting and amplitude-modulation by the multi-beam phase-shifting modulator to generate a new radio frequency signal, and sends the new radio frequency signal to the parallel down-converter together with the quadrature local oscillator signal to obtain the baseband signal with multi-beam amplitude modulation.
11. The analog-to-digital hybrid multi-beam receiving array system according to claim 1, wherein the analog multi-beam receiving unit obtains the multi-beam amplitude modulated baseband signal by down-converting the radio frequency signal received by the antenna and amplified by the low noise amplifier and the multi-phase quadrature local oscillator phase-shifted signal in a plurality of parallel down-converters.
12. The analog-to-digital hybrid multi-beam receive array system of claim 1, wherein the analog multi-beam receive unit is configured to obtain the multi-beam amplitude modulated baseband signal from the amplified radio frequency input signal and the quadrature local oscillator signal via a parallel down-converter and a plurality of baseband multi-beam phase-shifting modulators.
13. The analog-to-digital hybrid multi-beam receive array system of claim 1, wherein the desired multi-beam phase-shift amplitude modulation control signal from the multi-beam controller in the digital signal processing unit is coupled to the analog multi-beam receive unit via a digital control signal interface.
14. The analog-to-digital hybrid multi-beam receive array system of claim 1, wherein the multi-beam controllers in the analog multi-beam receive unit and the digital signal processing unit are integrated and implemented in a distributed physical manner.
15. The analog-to-digital hybrid multi-beam receive array system of claim 1, wherein the multi-beam controller in the digital signal processing unit updates the number, the pointing direction, and the various receive parameters of the plurality of desired sources and the plurality of interfering sources in real time according to the operational timing sequence via the digital control signal interface.
16. The analog-to-digital hybrid multi-beam receive array system of claim 1, wherein the digital signal processing unit dynamically adjusts the division threshold according to the receive state to control the number of main beams, increase or decrease the complexity of the optimization algorithm, and dynamically balance the received signal quality with the required minimum power consumption.
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