CN112305070B - Transverse wave ultrasonic detection reference block and detection method for 60AT turnout switch rail - Google Patents
Transverse wave ultrasonic detection reference block and detection method for 60AT turnout switch rail Download PDFInfo
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- CN112305070B CN112305070B CN202011144762.0A CN202011144762A CN112305070B CN 112305070 B CN112305070 B CN 112305070B CN 202011144762 A CN202011144762 A CN 202011144762A CN 112305070 B CN112305070 B CN 112305070B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/26—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor
- G01N29/265—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor by moving the sensor relative to a stationary material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/30—Arrangements for calibrating or comparing, e.g. with standard objects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/4409—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison
- G01N29/4418—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison with a model, e.g. best-fit, regression analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/042—Wave modes
- G01N2291/0422—Shear waves, transverse waves, horizontally polarised waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
- G01N2291/262—Linear objects
- G01N2291/2623—Rails; Railroads
Abstract
The invention provides a 60AT switch blade transverse wave ultrasonic detection reference block and a detection method, wherein the reference block and the 60AT switch blade are the same in specification, model and material, a first flat bottom hole is drilled AT the position 20mm away from the non-working side rail top AT the head part of a 60AT steel rail, the diameter of the first flat bottom hole is 2mm, the hole depth is 15mm, and an included angle of 20 degrees is formed between the inclined upward direction and the horizontal direction; and a second flat bottom hole is drilled at a position 30mm away from the bottom of the working side rail and perpendicular to the section, the diameter of the second flat bottom hole is 2mm, the hole depth is 15mm, and an included angle of 45 degrees is formed between the second flat bottom hole and the inclined upward direction and the horizontal direction. The invention provides a scheme for detecting the switch blade of the turnout by using transverse wave ultrasonic, solves the problem of sensitivity calibration of transverse ultrasonic detection of the switch blade, improves the level of defect detection rate and reduces the railway operation risk.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of turnout flaw detection, in particular to a transverse wave ultrasonic detection reference test block and a detection method for a 60AT turnout switch rail.
Background
A switch is a device for transferring a train from one track to another track, and is one of important links in a track system, and a switch rail is an important component in the switch system, and the train is driven into a straight line or a side line direction by pulling the switch rail. Since the point is driven by the switch machine to change the track, the switch angle is usually large, and the impact of the train on the point is also relatively large, the point is usually more prone to wear and cracking.
At present, according to relevant standards, rails and switch rails are subjected to ultrasonic detection by using longitudinal wave straight probes (single crystal or double crystal). The ultrasonic detection technology is one of nondestructive detection technologies, and nondestructive detection refers to detection of the surface and internal quality of a workpiece on the premise of not damaging the workpiece or the working state of raw materials.
When the longitudinal straight probe is used for ultrasonic detection, when the reflecting surface of the defect is vertical relative to the ultrasonic sound beam, the reflection echo is highest; the inclination of the reflecting surface causes the amplitude of the reflected echo to drop rapidly, and the inclination of only 5 degrees can reduce the amplitude of the reflected echo by half (6 dB); a tilt of 10 or more may directly cause the probe to completely fail to receive the reflected echoes of the defect and the ultrasonic inspection fails to detect the defect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a transverse wave ultrasonic detection scheme for a turnout switch rail, aiming at the problem that defects cannot be detected when a longitudinal wave straight probe is used for carrying out ultrasonic detection on the turnout switch rail in the prior art, so as to improve the defect detection rate of the turnout switch rail and effectively control the quality of the turnout switch rail.
The invention discloses a transverse wave ultrasonic detection reference block of a 60AT switch blade, which has the same specification, model and material as the 60AT switch blade, wherein a first flat bottom hole with the diameter of 2mm and the hole depth of 15mm is drilled on the position of the head of a 60AT steel rail 20mm away from the top of a non-working side rail and is vertical to the cross section, and the inclined angle of 20 degrees is formed between the inclined direction and the horizontal direction; and a second flat bottom hole is drilled at a position 30mm away from the bottom of the working side rail and perpendicular to the section, the diameter of the second flat bottom hole is 2mm, the hole depth is 15mm, and an included angle of 45 degrees is formed between the second flat bottom hole and the inclined upward direction and the horizontal direction.
The invention also discloses a transverse wave ultrasonic detection method of the 60AT turnout switch rail, which uses the reference block to carry out sensitivity calibration and comprises rail head and rail surface sensitivity calibration, rail head side surface sensitivity calibration, rail web sensitivity calibration, rail bottom inside and outside upper surface sensitivity calibration, rail bottom middle part sensitivity calibration and rail bottom inside and outside side surface sensitivity calibration;
the rail head rail surface sensitivity calibration is specifically operated in the following steps that a probe with a refraction angle of 70 degrees is placed on the rail surface of a rail head of a reference block, the probe is moved, the maximum reflection echo of a first flat bottom hole is found, the gain or the attenuator is adjusted, the reflection wave is up to 80% of the full screen, and then the detection sensitivity is improved by 6dB when the rail head rail surface is used as a detection surface;
the calibration of the sensitivity of the side surface of the railhead is specifically operated in the following steps that a probe with a refraction angle of 70 degrees is placed on the railhead surface of the railhead of a reference block, the probe is moved, the maximum reflection echo of a first flat bottom hole is found, the gain or the attenuator is adjusted, the reflection wave is up to 80% of the full screen, and the detection sensitivity is improved by 10dB when the side surface of the railhead is used as a detection surface;
the rail web sensitivity calibration is specifically operated in such a way that a probe with a refraction angle of 70 degrees is placed on the rail surface of a rail head of a reference block, the probe is moved, the maximum reflection echo of a first flat bottom hole is found, and a gain or an attenuator is adjusted, so that the reflection wave is up to 80% of the full screen, and the detection sensitivity is improved by 6dB when the rail web is used as a detection surface;
the calibration of the sensitivity of the upper surfaces of the inner side and the outer side of the rail bottom is specifically operated by placing a probe with a refraction angle of 70 degrees on the rail surface of the rail head of a reference block, moving the probe, finding the maximum reflection echo of a first flat bottom hole, adjusting the gain or the attenuator to enable the reflection wave to be as high as 80 percent of the full screen, and then improving 6dB as the detection sensitivity when the upper surfaces of the inner side and the outer side of the rail bottom are used as detection surfaces;
the sensitivity calibration of the middle part of the rail bottom is specifically operated in the way that a probe with a refraction angle of 45 degrees is placed on the rail surface of the rail head of a reference block, the probe is moved, the maximum reflection echo of a second flat bottom hole is found, and a gain or an attenuator is adjusted, so that the reflection echo is up to 80% of the full screen, and the detection sensitivity is improved when the rail surface of the rail head is taken as the detection surface by 12 dB;
the calibration of the sensitivity of the inner side and the outer side of the rail bottom is specifically operated by placing a probe with a refraction angle of 45 degrees on the rail surface of the rail head of a reference block, moving the probe, finding the maximum reflection echo of a second flat bottom hole, adjusting the gain or the attenuator, enabling the reflection wave to be up to 80% of the full screen, and improving the detection sensitivity when the inner side and the outer side of the rail bottom are used as detection surfaces by 12 dB.
Furthermore, after the sensitivity of the rail head rail surface is calibrated, scanning is carried out on the rail head rail surface by using a probe with a refraction angle of 70 degrees, and ultrasonic detection is carried out on the rail surface of the point rail head by changing three angles of inward deviation of 15 degrees, outward deviation of 15 degrees and no deviation while scanning is carried out on the sound beam of the probe in a translation mode along the longitudinal direction of the rail;
after the sensitivity of the side surface of the rail head is calibrated, scanning is carried out on the side surface of the rail head by using a probe with a refraction angle of 70 degrees, ultrasonic detection is carried out on the side surface of the rail head of the switch rail by rotating about 10-15 degrees while the sound beam of the probe is longitudinally translated along the rail, so that the coverage width of two adjacent scanning is larger than 15% of the width of the probe;
after the rail web sensitivity is calibrated, scanning is respectively carried out on the inner side surface and the outer side surface of the rail web by using a probe with a refraction angle of 70 degrees, and the probe sound beam and the rail surface are rotated about 10-15 degrees while moving back and forth in parallel to scan, so that the coverage width of two adjacent scanning is larger than 15% of the width of the probe;
after the sensitivity of the upper surfaces of the inner side and the outer side of the rail bottom is calibrated, scanning the upper surfaces of the inner side and the outer side of the rail bottom by using probes with refraction angles of 70 degrees, wherein sound beams of the probes are deviated by 10 degrees from one side far away from the rail web, scanning the upper surfaces of the inner side and the outer side of the rail bottom in a translation mode along the longitudinal direction of the steel rail, and carrying out ultrasonic detection on the upper surfaces of the inner side and the outer side of the rail bottom;
after the sensitivity of the middle part of the rail bottom is calibrated, scanning the rail surface of the rail head by using a probe with a refraction angle of 45 degrees, and carrying out ultrasonic detection on the middle part of the rail bottom of the switch rail by using the probe to rotate about 10-15 degrees when a sound beam of the probe longitudinally translates along the rail to scan, so that the coverage width of two adjacent scanning processes is larger than 15% of the width of the probe;
the sensitivity of the inner side and the outer side of the rail bottom is calibrated, probes with refraction angles of 45 degrees are used for scanning the inner side and the outer side of the rail bottom respectively, when the probe sound beam is longitudinally translated along the rail and scanned, the probe sound beam rotates within the range of vertically offsetting by 8 degrees, and ultrasonic detection is carried out on the inner side and the outer side of the rail bottom, so that the coverage width of two adjacent scanning processes is larger than 15% of the width of the probe.
The invention also discloses a method for determining the parameters of the cross-wave ultrasonic detection reference test block of the switch point rail, which is characterized by comprising the steps of firstly determining the selectable items of all parameters of a test hole, then establishing a test scheme schedule according to an orthogonal schedule, recording the test result in a mode of comparing the actual section defect with the test result, and determining the defect detectable rate which is the ratio of the detected defect quantity to the actual defect quantity; and finally, determining the manufacturing parameters of the test holes of the reference block by using an analysis of variance, an analysis of range and a regression analysis method.
The invention provides a scheme for detecting the switch blade of the turnout by using transverse wave ultrasonic, solves the problem of sensitivity calibration of transverse ultrasonic detection of the switch blade, improves the level of defect detection rate and reduces the railway operation risk; an orthogonal test method is provided to determine the parameters of the reference test block, and the working efficiency of the ultrasonic detection of the switch blade is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the distinction between longitudinal waves and transverse waves;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of transverse wave inspection;
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal wave inspection illustration;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a transverse wave ultrasonic detection reference block of a 60AT turnout switch blade;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of ultrasonic inspection of the rail head rail surface;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of ultrasonic inspection of the rail head side;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of ultrasonic testing of the inside and outside upper surfaces of the rail foot;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of ultrasonic testing of the middle of the rail foot;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of ultrasonic testing of the inside and outside lateral surfaces of the rail foot;
FIG. 10 is a U control diagram of the number of defects in ultrasonic flaw detection of switch blade.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived from the embodiments of the present invention by a person skilled in the art, are within the scope of the present invention.
Introduction to background knowledge
Ultrasonic wave is a sound wave with a frequency higher than the frequency (20 Hz-20 KHz) which can be heard by human ears, and ultrasonic wave is a wave, so that the ultrasonic wave follows the transmission rule of the wave in the transmission process. For example: the ultrasonic wave keeps going straight in the material; reflection occurs at the interface of two different materials; the propagation speed obeys the transmission theorem v = λ f of the wave, where v is the wave speed, λ is the wavelength, and f is the frequency of the wave.
In the same homogeneous medium, the propagation of vibration is uniform linear motion. The greater the speed of travel of the wave in the dielectric material, the greater the stiffness of the dielectric material; on the contrary, the dielectric material is softer. The hardness of the dielectric material substantially reflects the strength of the material, so that the higher the strength of the material is, the greater the wave velocity is; the lower the material strength, the lower the wave velocity should be. Thus, the wave velocity, and hence the material strength, is known. The ultrasonic detection equipment utilizes the ultrasonic reflection principle to carry out detection.
Transverse waves and longitudinal waves are two types of waves, and referring to fig. 1, waves are propagation of vibrations and propagate through a medium. The transverse wave is also called as 'concave-convex wave', the vibration direction of mass points is vertical to the propagation direction of the wave, and the transverse wave flaw detection refers to FIG. 2; the longitudinal wave is a wave in which the vibration direction of the mass point is parallel to the propagation direction of the wave, and the longitudinal wave flaw detection is shown in fig. 3.
Example 1
The ultrasonic detection usually needs to carry out sensitivity calibration on a comparison test block, and because the traditional ultrasonic detection of the switch blade adopts longitudinal wave ultrasonic detection, the comparison test block for the ultrasonic detection of the transverse wave of the switch blade does not exist. Therefore, a switch blade transverse wave ultrasonic detection reference block needs to be designed. Different types of rails may correspond to different reference blocks with different parameters, and the embodiment takes the 60AT rail as an example for explanation.
The invention discloses a transverse wave ultrasonic detection reference block for a 60AT turnout switch rail, which has the same specification, model and material as the 60AT turnout switch rail, wherein a first flat bottom hole with the diameter of 2mm and the hole depth of 15mm is drilled AT the position of the head of the 60AT steel rail, which is 20mm away from the top of a non-working side rail and is vertical to the cross section, and the inclined angle of 20 degrees is formed between the inclined direction and the horizontal direction; and a second flat bottom hole is drilled at a position 30mm away from the bottom of the working side rail and perpendicular to the cross section, the diameter of the second flat bottom hole is 2mm, the hole depth of the second flat bottom hole is 15mm, and an included angle of 45 degrees is formed between the second flat bottom hole and the inclined upward direction and the horizontal direction, as shown in figure 4.
Example 2
The invention also discloses transverse wave ultrasonic detection of the 60AT turnout switch rail, which comprises rail head detection, rail web detection and rail bottom detection, wherein the rail head detection comprises rail head rail surface detection and rail head side surface detection, and the rail bottom detection comprises rail bottom inside and outside upper surface detection, rail bottom middle detection and rail bottom inside and outside side surface detection. The specific operation of each ultrasonic test is described below.
1. Railhead ultrasonic testing
1. Ultrasonic detection of rail head and rail surface
Firstly, a probe with a refraction angle of 70 degrees is placed on the rail surface of a rail head of a reference block, the probe is moved, the maximum reflection echo of a first plane bottom hole is found, a gain or an attenuator is adjusted, the reflection wave is up to 80% of the full screen, and then the detection sensitivity when the rail surface of the rail head is used as a detection surface is improved by 6 dB.
Then, as shown in fig. 5, the probe with refraction angle of 70 ° scans the rail head rail surface, and while the probe sound beam is translated and scanned along the rail longitudinal direction, the ultrasonic detection is performed on the tip rail surface by changing three angles of inward deviation of 15 ° (refer to the position of the probe 1 in fig. 5), outward deviation of 15 ° (refer to the position of the probe 2 in fig. 5) and no deviation (refer to the position of the probe 3 in fig. 5).
2. Railhead side ultrasonic testing
Firstly, a probe with a refraction angle of 70 degrees is placed on the rail surface of a rail head of a reference block, the probe is moved, the maximum reflection echo of a first flat bottom hole is found, and a gain or an attenuator is adjusted, so that the reflection wave is up to 80% of the full screen, and the detection sensitivity is improved by 10dB when the side surface of the rail head is used as a detection surface.
Then, as shown in fig. 6, scanning is carried out on the side surface of the rail head by using a probe with a refraction angle of 70 degrees, the probe sound beam is moved horizontally along the longitudinal direction of the steel rail and is rotated by 10 degrees to 15 degrees, and ultrasonic detection is carried out on the side surface of the rail head of the switch rail, so that the coverage width of two adjacent scanning is larger than 15 percent of the width of the probe.
2. Ultrasonic rail web detection
Firstly, a probe with a refraction angle of 70 degrees is placed on a rail surface of a rail head of a reference block, the probe is moved, the maximum reflection echo of a first flat bottom hole is found, and a gain or an attenuator is adjusted, so that the reflection wave is up to 80% of a full screen, and the detection sensitivity is improved by 6dB when the rail web is used as a detection surface.
And then, scanning the inner side surface and the outer side surface of the rail web by using probes with refraction angles of 70 degrees, wherein when scanning the sound beams of the probes in a translation manner along the longitudinal direction of the steel rail, the probes rotate at 10-15 degrees left and right, and ultrasonic detection is carried out on the rail web of the switch rail, so that the coverage width of two adjacent scanning is larger than 15% of the width of the probes.
3. Rail foot ultrasonic testing
1. Ultrasonic detection of rail bottom inside and outside upper surface
Firstly, a probe with a refraction angle of 70 degrees is placed on a rail surface of a rail head of a reference block, the probe is moved, the maximum reflection echo of a first plane bottom hole is found, and a gain or an attenuator is adjusted, so that the reflection wave is up to 80% of a full screen, and the detection sensitivity is improved by 6dB when the upper surface of the inner side and the outer side of the rail bottom is used as a detection surface.
Then, as shown in fig. 7, probes with refraction angles of 70 ° are used to scan the inner and outer upper surfaces of the rail base, the sound beams of the probes are shifted by 10 ° away from the rail web side, and the probes are translated and scanned longitudinally along the rail, so as to perform ultrasonic detection on the inner and outer upper surfaces of the rail base.
2. Ultrasonic testing of rail foot middle
Firstly, a probe with a refraction angle of 45 degrees is placed on the rail head rail surface of a reference block, the probe is moved, the maximum reflection echo of a second flat bottom hole is found, and a gain or an attenuator is adjusted, so that the reflection wave is up to 80% of a full screen, and the detection sensitivity is improved by 12dB when the middle part of the rail bottom is taken as the rail head rail surface.
Then, as shown in fig. 8, scanning is carried out on the rail head rail surface by using a probe with a refraction angle of 45 degrees, when the probe sound beam is longitudinally translated along the rail and scanned, the probe sound beam is rotated by about 10-15 degrees, and ultrasonic detection is carried out on the middle part of the rail bottom of the switch rail, so that the coverage width of two adjacent scanning is larger than 15% of the width of the probe.
3. Ultrasonic detection of inside and outside side surfaces of rail bottom
Firstly, a probe with a refraction angle of 45 degrees is placed on a rail surface of a rail head of a reference block, the probe is moved, the maximum reflection echo of a second flat bottom hole is found, and a gain or an attenuator is adjusted, so that the reflection wave is up to 80% of a full screen, and the detection sensitivity is improved by 12dB when the inner side surface and the outer side surface of the rail bottom are used as detection surfaces.
Then, as shown in fig. 9, the probes with refraction angle of 45 ° are used to scan the inside and outside sides of the rail base, and when the probe sound beam is translated along the longitudinal direction of the rail and scanned, the probe sound beam also rotates within the range of 8 ° of up and down deviation, and ultrasonic detection is performed on the inside and outside sides of the rail base, so that the coverage width of two adjacent scans should be greater than 15% of the width of the probe. As the width of the rail bottom at the point of the switch rail is gradually reduced, the analysis and judgment of echo signals should be paid attention to during ultrasonic detection.
Both inside and outside in this application refer to the inside and the outside.
Example 3
The invention also discloses a method for determining each parameter of the turnout switch rail transverse wave ultrasonic detection reference test block by an orthogonal test method, and compared with a comprehensive test, the workload is saved by 2/3.
Also demonstrated by taking the 60AT rail as an example, first the first bottomhole parameter alternatives (only 3 sets for ease of presentation) were selected based on expert knowledge, i.e. the level of each factor, which is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
The above experiment is a three-factor three-level experiment, and if a full-scale experiment is performed, 33=27 experiments are required, whereas an orthogonal experiment L9 is adopted, which only requires 9 times. Compared with the comprehensive test, the workload is reduced by 2/3.
The longer the time, the larger the error interference, the shorter the test period, and the higher the test precision, and for the multi-index problem, the simple comparison method is adopted, which often takes one out of the other, the most suitable process condition is difficult to find, and the orthogonal table is applied to design the test, which can be considered for each index, and the conclusion is clear and reliable. Table 2 shows the first flat bottom hole orthogonal test plan table and the corresponding defect detection rates.
The test result is recorded by comparing the actual section defect with the test result, and the defect detection rate is the ratio of the detected defect quantity to the actual defect quantity; finally, the manufacturing parameters of the reference block are determined by variance analysis, range analysis and regression analysis, and are shown in table 3.
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
As can be seen from table 3, the parameters of the first flat bottom hole should be selected: 20mm from the top of the non-working side rail, 20 degrees of included angle between the inclined upward direction and the horizontal direction and 15mm of hole depth.
In the working process, the detected quantity result of the steel rail defects is controlled by adopting a U control chart for changing the unit defect quantity of the sample quantity, and the failure trend is found, the reason is analyzed in time, measures are made, and verification is performed every 3 months by referring to FIG. 10.
The method for determining each parameter of the reference block is also suitable for other types of steel rails.
Finally, it should also be noted that the above list is only one specific embodiment of the invention. It is obvious that the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but that many variations are possible. All modifications which can be derived or suggested by a person skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention are to be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A60 AT switch blade transverse wave ultrasonic detection reference block is characterized in that the specification, the model and the material of the 60AT switch blade are the same, a first flat bottom hole with the diameter of 2mm and the hole depth of 15mm is drilled on the position of the head of a 60AT steel rail 20mm away from the top of a non-working side rail and is vertical to the cross section, and an included angle of 20 degrees is formed between the inclined upward direction and the horizontal direction; and a second flat bottom hole is drilled at a position 30mm away from the bottom of the working side rail and perpendicular to the section, the diameter of the second flat bottom hole is 2mm, the hole depth is 15mm, and an included angle of 45 degrees is formed between the second flat bottom hole and the inclined upward direction and the horizontal direction.
2. A transverse wave ultrasonic detection method of a 60AT turnout switch rail is characterized in that the contrast test block of claim 1 is used for sensitivity calibration, including rail head and rail surface sensitivity calibration, rail head side surface sensitivity calibration, rail web sensitivity calibration, rail bottom inner and outer upper surface sensitivity calibration, rail bottom middle part sensitivity calibration and rail bottom inner and outer side surface sensitivity calibration;
the rail head rail surface sensitivity calibration is specifically operated in the following steps that a probe with a refraction angle of 70 degrees is placed on the rail surface of a reference block rail head, the probe is moved, the maximum reflection echo of a first flat bottom hole is found, a gain or an attenuator is adjusted, the reflection echo is up to 80% of the full screen, and then 6dB is improved to be used as the detection sensitivity when the rail surface of the rail head is used as a detection surface;
the calibration of the sensitivity of the side surface of the railhead is specifically operated in the following steps that a probe with a refraction angle of 70 degrees is placed on the railhead surface of the railhead of a reference block, the probe is moved, the maximum reflection echo of a first flat bottom hole is found, the gain or the attenuator is adjusted, the reflection wave is up to 80% of the full screen, and the detection sensitivity is improved by 10dB when the side surface of the railhead is used as a detection surface;
the rail web sensitivity calibration is specifically operated in such a way that a probe with a refraction angle of 70 degrees is placed on the rail surface of a rail head of a reference block, the probe is moved, the maximum reflection echo of a first flat bottom hole is found, and a gain or an attenuator is adjusted, so that the reflection wave is up to 80% of the full screen, and the detection sensitivity is improved by 6dB when the rail web is used as a detection surface;
the calibration of the sensitivity of the upper surfaces of the inner side and the outer side of the rail bottom is specifically operated by placing a probe with a refraction angle of 70 degrees on the rail surface of the rail head of a reference block, moving the probe, finding the maximum reflection echo of a first flat bottom hole, adjusting the gain or the attenuator to enable the reflection wave to be as high as 80 percent of the full screen, and then improving 6dB as the detection sensitivity when the upper surfaces of the inner side and the outer side of the rail bottom are used as detection surfaces;
the sensitivity calibration of the middle part of the rail bottom is specifically operated in the way that a probe with a refraction angle of 45 degrees is placed on the rail surface of the rail head of a reference block, the probe is moved, the maximum reflection echo of a second flat bottom hole is found, and a gain or an attenuator is adjusted, so that the reflection echo is up to 80% of the full screen, and the detection sensitivity is improved when the rail surface of the rail head is taken as the detection surface by 12 dB;
the calibration of the sensitivity of the inner side and the outer side of the rail bottom is specifically operated by placing a probe with a refraction angle of 45 degrees on the rail surface of the rail head of a reference block, moving the probe, finding the maximum reflection echo of a second flat bottom hole, adjusting the gain or the attenuator, enabling the reflection wave to be up to 80% of the full screen, and improving the detection sensitivity when the inner side and the outer side of the rail bottom are used as detection surfaces by 12 dB.
3. The ultrasonic detection method for the transverse wave of the 60AT turnout switch rail according to claim 2, characterized in that after the sensitivity calibration of the rail head rail surface is finished, a probe with a refraction angle of 70 degrees is used for scanning the rail head rail surface, and when the probe sound beam is translated along the longitudinal direction of the rail for scanning, the ultrasonic detection is carried out on the rail surface of the switch rail head by changing three angles of inward deviation by 15 degrees, outward deviation by 15 degrees and no deviation;
after the sensitivity of the side surface of the rail head is calibrated, scanning is carried out on the side surface of the rail head by using a probe with a refraction angle of 70 degrees, ultrasonic detection is carried out on the side surface of the rail head of the switch rail by rotating about 10-15 degrees while the sound beam of the probe is longitudinally translated along the rail, so that the coverage width of two adjacent scanning is larger than 15% of the width of the probe;
after the rail web sensitivity is calibrated, scanning is respectively carried out on the inner side surface and the outer side surface of the rail web by using a probe with a refraction angle of 70 degrees, and the probe sound beam and the rail surface are rotated about 10-15 degrees while moving back and forth in parallel to scan, so that the coverage width of two adjacent scanning is larger than 15% of the width of the probe;
after the sensitivity of the upper surfaces of the inner side and the outer side of the rail bottom is calibrated, scanning the upper surfaces of the inner side and the outer side of the rail bottom by using probes with refraction angles of 70 degrees, wherein sound beams of the probes are deviated by 10 degrees from one side far away from the rail web, scanning the upper surfaces of the inner side and the outer side of the rail bottom in a translation mode along the longitudinal direction of the steel rail, and carrying out ultrasonic detection on the upper surfaces of the inner side and the outer side of the rail bottom;
after the sensitivity of the middle part of the rail bottom is calibrated, scanning the rail surface of the rail head by using a probe with a refraction angle of 45 degrees, and carrying out ultrasonic detection on the middle part of the rail bottom of the switch rail by using the probe to rotate about 10-15 degrees when a sound beam of the probe longitudinally translates along the rail to scan, so that the coverage width of two adjacent scanning processes is larger than 15% of the width of the probe;
the sensitivity of the inner side and the outer side of the rail bottom is calibrated, probes with refraction angles of 45 degrees are used for scanning the inner side and the outer side of the rail bottom respectively, when the probe sound beam is longitudinally translated along the rail and scanned, the probe sound beam rotates within the range of vertically offsetting by 8 degrees, and ultrasonic detection is carried out on the inner side and the outer side of the rail bottom, so that the coverage width of two adjacent scanning processes is larger than 15% of the width of the probe.
Priority Applications (1)
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