CN105572012B - One kind filling insertion Seepage Flow in Fractured Rocks method for testing performance - Google Patents
One kind filling insertion Seepage Flow in Fractured Rocks method for testing performance Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种充填贯通裂隙岩石渗流性能检测方法，包括以下步骤：步骤1：从现场工地取样并制备若干标准试件，设计充填裂隙渗流正交试验方案，进行研究试件的准备；步骤2：实施所述正交试验方案，以渗流系数大小为检测指标，进行正交试验数据处理，并找到对充填裂隙渗流影响显著的因素；步骤3：针对所得到的显著性因素，设计多因素多水平的全面试验，测量每次试验的渗流系数；步骤4：根据所述全面试验数据，回归出单个因素与渗流系数的关系、和多因素耦合作用与渗流系数的关系式。本发明公布的方法科学、严谨，能对影响充填贯通裂隙岩石渗流性能各因素做全面的研究，对地下工程渗流治理和渗流环境下的支护设计与实施具有指导意义。
The invention relates to a method for detecting the seepage performance of rocks filling and penetrating cracks, comprising the following steps: Step 1: taking samples from the site and preparing several standard test pieces, designing an orthogonal test plan for filling the cracks, and preparing the test pieces for research; Step 2 : implement the orthogonal test scheme, take the seepage coefficient as the detection index, carry out the data processing of the orthogonal test, and find out the factors that significantly affect the seepage of the filling fissure; step 3: aim at the significant factors obtained, design multiple factors In the horizontal comprehensive test, the seepage coefficient of each test is measured; Step 4: According to the comprehensive test data, the relationship between the single factor and the seepage coefficient, and the relationship between the multi-factor coupling and the seepage coefficient are regressed. The method disclosed by the invention is scientific and rigorous, can conduct comprehensive research on various factors affecting seepage performance of rocks filling through fissures, and has guiding significance for underground engineering seepage control and support design and implementation in seepage environments.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于地下工程中安全技术领域，特别涉及一种充填贯通裂隙岩石渗流性能检测方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of safety in underground engineering, and in particular relates to a method for detecting the seepage performance of rocks filling through fissures.
背景技术Background technique
裂隙岩体是我国水利、矿山、隧道、核废料储存等各种工程经常遇到的复杂介质，其渗透特性研究是当前岩体力学研究领域的热点之一。Fractured rock mass is a complex medium often encountered in various projects such as water conservancy, mines, tunnels, and nuclear waste storage in my country. The study of its permeability characteristics is one of the hotspots in the field of rock mechanics research.
国内外专家与学者虽然在贯通裂隙渗流方面、低渗透岩石渗流方面的研究中取得了一些进展，但大部分的研究都是建立在单个因素对裂隙岩体渗流特征进行试验的基础上，同时研究岩石低渗透、贯通裂隙、充填物方面，现有的文献很少出现，说明在此中情况下研究充填贯穿裂隙岩石的渗流规律尚还没有形成较成熟的理论。由于影响含充填物贯通裂隙岩体渗流规律的因素有很多，而且很多也互相耦合，导致利用控制变量法研究单因素对含充填物贯通裂隙岩体渗流的规律进行研究意义有限。目前急需寻找一种多因素共同作用下，对含充填物贯通裂隙岩体渗流规律进行研究和渗流性能进行检测的方法。Although experts and scholars at home and abroad have made some progress in the research on seepage through fractures and low-permeability rocks, most of the research is based on the single factor to test the seepage characteristics of fractured rock mass. In terms of rock low permeability, through-fissures, and filling materials, there are few existing literatures, which shows that there is no mature theory for studying the seepage law of filling through-fissure rocks under these circumstances. Since there are many factors affecting the seepage law of rock mass with fillings through fractures, and many of them are coupled with each other, it is of limited significance to study the law of seepage of rock mass with fillings through fractures by using the control variable method to study single factors. At present, there is an urgent need to find a method to study the law of seepage and test the seepage performance of rock mass with fillings through fractures under the combined action of multiple factors.
发明内容Contents of the invention
鉴于此，为了解决上述问题，本发明提供一种充填贯通裂隙岩石渗流性能检测方法，先利用正交试验方法设计实施贯穿充填裂隙岩体渗流试验，可以通过较少的实验次数在众多影响含充填贯穿裂隙岩体渗流规律的因素中，确定出显著性影响因素，然后只对显著性影响因素进行全面试验，得出影响含充填物贯通裂隙的低渗透岩体的渗流规律。In view of this, in order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for detecting the seepage performance of rock filling and penetrating fractures. First, the orthogonal test method is used to design and implement the rock mass seepage test of penetrating and filling fissures, which can affect the filling of many rocks with a small number of experiments. Among the factors that penetrate the seepage law of the fractured rock mass, determine the significant influencing factors, and then conduct a comprehensive test on only the significant influencing factors, and obtain the seepage law that affects the low-permeability rock mass that contains fillings penetrating through the cracks.
为了达成上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种充填贯通裂隙岩石渗流性能检测方法，包括以下步骤：A method for detecting the seepage performance of rocks filled through fractures, comprising the following steps:
步骤1：从现场工地取样并制备若干标准试件，设计充填裂隙渗流正交试验方案，进行研究试件的准备；Step 1: Take samples from the on-site construction site and prepare several standard test pieces, design an orthogonal test plan for filling fracture seepage, and prepare the test pieces for research;
步骤2：实施所述正交试验方案，以渗流系数大小为检测指标，进行正交试验数据处理，并找到对充填裂隙渗流影响显著的因素；Step 2: Implement the orthogonal test plan, take the seepage coefficient as the detection index, conduct orthogonal test data processing, and find out the factors that have a significant impact on the seepage of the filling fissure;
步骤3：针对所得到的显著性因素，设计多因素多水平的全面试验，测量每次试验的渗流系数；Step 3: According to the significant factors obtained, design a multi-factor and multi-level comprehensive test, and measure the seepage coefficient of each test;
步骤4：根据所述全面试验数据，回归出单个因素与渗流系数的关系式和多因素耦合作用与渗流系数的关系式；Step 4: According to the comprehensive test data, regress the relationship between single factor and seepage coefficient and the relationship between multi-factor coupling and seepage coefficient;
步骤5：根据步骤4中得到的单个因素与渗流系数的关系式或多因素耦合作用与渗流系数的关系式对充填贯通裂隙岩石的渗透性能进行检测。Step 5: According to the relationship between a single factor and the seepage coefficient or the relationship between the multi-factor coupling and the seepage coefficient obtained in step 4, the permeability of the rock filled through fractures is tested.
其中，步骤1中，所述原岩为待开展地下工程中的岩石，所述标准试件为国际岩石力学学会推荐的岩石试样尺寸。Wherein, in step 1, the original rock is the rock in the underground engineering to be carried out, and the standard test piece is the rock sample size recommended by the International Society of Rock Mechanics.
步骤1中，所述设计充填裂隙渗流正交试验方案的过程为，确定影响充填渗流试验渗流系数的各因素，根据所述各因素的经验水平，确定所述各因素所采用的水平，并选择合适的正交表进行表头设计。In step 1, the process of designing the orthogonal test scheme for filling fissure seepage is to determine the factors that affect the seepage coefficient of the filling seepage test, determine the level adopted by the various factors according to the experience level of the various factors, and select Appropriate orthogonal table for table header design.
步骤1中，影响充填渗流试验渗流系数的所述各因素为切割倾角、充填材料的级配、充填材料厚度、围压大小、轴压大小、渗透水压大小中的几个或全部因素。In Step 1, the factors affecting the seepage coefficient of the filling seepage test are some or all of the factors in the cutting inclination, the gradation of the filling material, the thickness of the filling material, the size of the confining pressure, the size of the axial pressure, and the size of the seepage water pressure.
步骤1中，所述进行研究试件的准备，是按照所述正交试验方案，用不同角度岩体裂隙切割仪切出具有一定倾角的贯通裂隙，进行裂隙填充物充填，并安置于渗流试验系统中。In step 1, the preparation of the research specimens is to cut through cracks with a certain inclination angle with rock mass crack cutters at different angles according to the orthogonal test plan, fill the cracks with fillers, and place them in the seepage test system.
步骤1中，所述裂隙填充物为现场工地的岩石裂隙中的一般填充物，并对所述一般填充物进行筛分和级配配比；所述渗流试验系统为具有渗透装置的电液伺服岩石试验系统。In step 1, the fissure filler is the general filler in the rock fissures at the site, and the general filler is screened and graded; the seepage test system is an electro-hydraulic servo with a osmosis device Rock Test System.
步骤2中，所述正交试验数据的处理，是对试验数据进行极差和/或方差分析，找出对充填裂隙渗流影响显著的因素。In step 2, the processing of the orthogonal test data is to perform range and/or variance analysis on the test data to find out the factors that significantly affect the seepage of the filling fissures.
步骤3中，所述多因素多水平的全面试验，是指增加所述显著性因素的水平，将各所述显著性因素的各水平依次组合作为试验方案。In step 3, the multi-factor and multi-level comprehensive test refers to increasing the levels of the significant factors, and combining the levels of each significant factor in turn as a test plan.
步骤4中，所述回归出单个因素与渗流系数的关系的过程为：利用最小二乘法的原理，根据单个因素与渗流系数的全面试验的实验数据，拟合出单个因素与渗流系数的关系式和关系曲线。In step 4, the process of regressing the relationship between a single factor and the seepage coefficient is: using the principle of the least square method, according to the experimental data of the comprehensive test of the single factor and the seepage coefficient, fitting the relationship between the single factor and the seepage coefficient and relationship curve.
步骤4中，回归出所述多因素耦合作用与渗流系数的关系式的过程为：根据所述全面试验数据的规律和工程经验，构造带有待定系数的各因素和渗流系数的关系式，利用试验数据进行待定系数的回归。In step 4, the process of regressing the relational expression of the multi-factor coupling effect and the seepage coefficient is: according to the law of the comprehensive test data and engineering experience, construct the relational expression of each factor with undetermined coefficients and the seepage coefficient, use The experimental data were regressed with undetermined coefficients.
本发明的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明对地下工程中影响贯穿充填岩体裂隙渗流规律的影响因素进行全面测试，具有广泛的代表性，能对充填岩体裂隙渗流规律实现有效的探索。The invention comprehensively tests the influencing factors affecting the law of seepage in the fissures of the filled rock mass in the underground engineering, has wide representativeness, and can effectively explore the law of seepage in the fissures of the filled rock mass.
本发明先利用正交试验方法设计实施贯穿充填裂隙岩体渗流试验，可以通过较少的实验次数在众多影响贯穿充填岩体裂隙渗流规律的因素中，确定出显著性影响因素，然后只对显著性影响因素进行全面试验，不仅使得试验捉住主要因素，容易得出渗流的主要规律，而且通过去除次要因素，节约了试验时间和成本，降低试验的难度，此试验思路对该领域的其他试验研究，也具有思想上的指导意义。The present invention first uses the orthogonal test method to design and implement the rock mass seepage test for penetrating and filling fissures, and can determine the significant influencing factors among many factors affecting the seepage law of penetrating and filling rock mass fissures through a small number of experiments, and then only for significant Conducting a comprehensive test on the influence factors not only enables the test to grasp the main factors and easily obtain the main law of seepage, but also saves test time and cost and reduces the difficulty of the test by removing the secondary factors. Experimental research also has ideological guiding significance.
本发明在处理全面试验得出的实验数据时，不仅分析单个因素对渗流系数的影响，而且通过构造多因素与渗流系数的公式，反映多因素耦合作用对贯穿充填岩体裂隙渗流的普遍意义规律，对地下工程的渗流控制和渗流环境下的支护具有现实的指导意义。When processing the experimental data obtained from the comprehensive test, the present invention not only analyzes the influence of a single factor on the seepage coefficient, but also reflects the general significance of the multi-factor coupling effect on seepage through filling rock mass fissures by constructing the formula of multiple factors and seepage coefficient , which has practical guiding significance for seepage control of underground engineering and support under seepage environment.
本发明公布的方法科学、严谨，能对影响充填贯通裂隙岩石渗流性能各因素做全面的研究，对地下工程渗流治理和渗流环境下的支护设计与实施具有指导意义。The method disclosed by the invention is scientific and rigorous, can conduct comprehensive research on various factors affecting seepage performance of rocks filling through fissures, and has guiding significance for underground engineering seepage control and support design and implementation in seepage environments.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明所用不同角度岩体裂隙切割仪示意图；Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the rock mass fissure cutting instrument of different angles used in the present invention;
图2中(1)是含裂隙岩石试件1上断面示意图；Among Fig. 2 (1) is the schematic diagram of the upper section of rock specimen 1 containing cracks;
(2)是含裂隙岩石试件2上断面示意图；(2) is the schematic diagram of the upper section of rock specimen 2 containing cracks;
(3)是含裂隙岩石试件3上断面示意图；(3) is a schematic diagram of the upper section of the rock test piece 3 containing cracks;
(4)是含裂隙岩石试件1裂隙面对应倾角示意图；(4) is a schematic diagram of the corresponding inclination angle of the fracture surface of rock specimen 1 containing fractures;
(5)是含裂隙岩石试件2裂隙面对应倾角示意图；(5) is a schematic diagram of the corresponding inclination angle of the fracture surface of rock specimen 2 containing fractures;
(6)是含裂隙岩石试件3裂隙面对应倾角示意图；(6) is a schematic diagram of the corresponding inclination angle of the fracture surface of rock specimen 3 containing fractures;
(7)是含裂隙岩石试件1下断面示意图；(7) is a schematic diagram of the lower section of rock specimen 1 containing fractures;
(8)是含裂隙岩石试件2下断面示意图；(8) is a schematic diagram of the lower section of rock specimen 2 containing fractures;
(9)是含裂隙岩石试件3下断面示意图。(9) is a schematic diagram of the lower section of rock specimen 3 containing fractures.
其中，1、刀具，2、试件，3、三脚架，4、钢架，5、垫块，6、固定夹块。Among them, 1. cutting tool, 2. test piece, 3. tripod, 4. steel frame, 5. cushion block, 6. fixed clamp block.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图与实施例对本发明做进一步的说明：Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention will be further described:
实施例1Example 1
本发明的充填贯通裂隙岩石渗流性能检测方法主要通过以下技术方案实现的：The method for detecting seepage performance of rocks filling and penetrating fractures of the present invention is mainly realized through the following technical solutions:
步骤一：从地下工程中取待研究原岩岩样，制作50个以上标准试件备用，标准试件的尺寸为直径50mm、高度100mm圆柱，这些试样其中一部分作为先开展的充填贯通裂隙岩石渗流正交试验的试样，剩下的部分作为后开展的充填贯通裂隙岩石渗流全面试验的试样。Step 1: Take the original rock samples to be studied from the underground engineering, and make more than 50 standard specimens for backup. The size of the standard specimens is a cylinder with a diameter of 50mm and a height of 100mm. Orthogonal seepage test samples, and the remaining part is used as samples for the comprehensive seepage test of rock filling through fractures to be carried out later.
步骤二：设计充填裂隙渗流正交试验方案，以切割倾角A、充填材料厚度B、围压大小C、轴压大小D作为影响充填渗流试验渗流系数的各因素，根据各因素的经验水平，各影响因素各设置三个水平，因素水平表如下。Step 2: Design the orthogonal test scheme for filling fissure seepage, take the cutting angle A, filling material thickness B, confining pressure C, and axial pressure D as the factors affecting the seepage coefficient of the filling seepage test. According to the experience level of each factor, each Three levels are set for each influencing factor, and the factor level table is as follows.
根据因素数和水平数选择L9(34)正交表，进行表头设计如下。Select the L 9 (3 4 ) orthogonal table according to the number of factors and levels, and design the table header as follows.
完成正交实验方案的制定，将标准试件用不同角度岩体裂隙切割仪切出一定倾角的贯通裂隙如附图2，进行裂隙填充物充填，并安置于渗流试验系统中，其中渗流试验系统是具有渗透装置电液伺服岩石试验系统。Complete the formulation of the orthogonal experiment plan, cut out the through-cracks with a certain inclination angle on the standard test piece with the rock mass crack cutter at different angles, as shown in Figure 2, fill the cracks with fillers, and place them in the seepage test system, where the seepage test system It is an electro-hydraulic servo rock test system with a penetrating device.
如图1所示，不同角度岩体裂隙切割仪由钢架4、固定夹块6、可调角度的三角架3、垫块5、刀具1等主要部分组成，其中刀具1位置固定，刀具1的半径大于标准试件2的高度，可调角度的三角架3可以通过改变三角架3的倾角来改变刀具1和标准试件2的相对位置，来切出标准试件2的不同倾角。As shown in Figure 1, the rock mass fissure cutter with different angles is composed of a steel frame 4, a fixed clamp block 6, an angle-adjustable tripod 3, a cushion block 5, and a cutter 1. The cutter 1 is in a fixed position, and the cutter 1 The radius is greater than the height of the standard test piece 2, and the angle-adjustable tripod 3 can change the relative position of the tool 1 and the standard test piece 2 by changing the inclination angle of the tripod 3 to cut out different inclination angles of the standard test piece 2.
步骤三：实施正交试验，并测量每次试验的渗流系数，以渗流系数大小为检测指标进行正交试验数据方差分析，根据方差分析结果找到对充填裂隙渗流影响显著的因素为充填材料厚度和围岩大小。Step 3: Carry out the orthogonal test and measure the seepage coefficient of each test, and use the seepage coefficient as the detection index to carry out the variance analysis of the data of the orthogonal test. According to the results of the variance analysis, it is found that the factors that have a significant impact on the seepage of the filling fracture are the thickness of the filling material and Surrounding rock size.
步骤四：针对显著性因素设计多因素多水平的全面试验，其主要步骤是，以正交试验得出的显著性影响因素充填材料厚度和围压大小为研究因素，将其设置更多的水平，将各水平依次组合作为试验方案。Step 4: Design a multi-factor and multi-level comprehensive test for the significant factors. The main step is to use the significant influencing factors obtained from the orthogonal test as the research factors, the thickness of the filling material and the size of the confining pressure, and set more levels , each level is combined in sequence as the experimental scheme.
步骤五：然后按照试验方案制作试件，然后在渗流试验系统中实施全面试验，测量每次试验的渗流系数；Step 5: Then make the test piece according to the test plan, and then implement a comprehensive test in the seepage test system, and measure the seepage coefficient of each test;
步骤六：根据全面试验数据，根据最小二乘法的原理，回归出单个因素与渗流系数的关系Q＝αe-βh和Q＝γe-θf，其中Q为渗流系数，h为充填材料厚度，f为围压大小，α、β、γ、θ为系数。Step 6: According to the comprehensive test data and the principle of the least square method, regress the relationship between a single factor and the seepage coefficient Q=αe- βh and Q=γe- θf , where Q is the seepage coefficient, h is the thickness of the filling material, and f is Confining pressure, α, β, γ, θ are coefficients.
步骤七：根据全面试验数据的规律，构造带有待定系数的各因素和渗流系数的关系式，利用试验数据进行待定系数的回归；Step 7: According to the law of the comprehensive test data, construct the relational expression of each factor with the undetermined coefficient and the seepage coefficient, and use the test data to perform the regression of the undetermined coefficient;
步骤八：根据步骤七中得到的关系式对充填贯通裂隙岩石的渗透性能进行检测。Step 8: According to the relationship obtained in step 7, the permeability of the rock filled through the fracture is detected.
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现，未予以详细说明的部分，为现有技术，在此不进行赘述。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和特点相一致的最宽的范围。The above description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to the embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. The detailed description is related to the prior art and will not be repeated here. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and characteristics disclosed herein.
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