CN112304733A - Corrosive agent for displaying austenite grain boundary of martensitic stainless steel and display method - Google Patents
Corrosive agent for displaying austenite grain boundary of martensitic stainless steel and display method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 229910001105 martensitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 98
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 14
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 6
- OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N picric acid Chemical compound OC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
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- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/32—Polishing; Etching
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- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种显示马氏体不锈钢奥氏体晶界的腐蚀剂及显示方法，腐蚀剂包括高锰酸钾、浓硫酸及水，高锰酸钾、浓硫酸与水的用量比为(0.5～2)g:(5～15)mL:(85～95)mL；显示方法包括金相样品的制备、试样的超声腐蚀、样品观察及晶粒度统计。与现有技术相比，本发明腐蚀剂所需化学药品种类少，具有安全无毒、操作便捷、显示效果好等优点，采用本发明的显示方法可清晰地显示出马氏体不锈钢试样原奥氏体晶粒，解决了马氏体不锈钢奥氏体晶界难以侵蚀的问题，适用于显示多种难侵蚀的低碳高合金马氏体钢原奥氏体界，且试样晶界腐蚀成功率高，腐蚀剂与腐蚀方法安全便捷，有效协助实际生产过程中材料晶粒评级，为热处理工艺的优化提供依据。
The invention relates to a corrosive agent for displaying austenite grain boundaries of martensitic stainless steel and a display method. The corrosive agent comprises potassium permanganate, concentrated sulfuric acid and water, and the dosage ratio of potassium permanganate, concentrated sulfuric acid and water is (0.5-2 ) g: (5-15) mL: (85-95) mL; display methods include preparation of metallographic samples, ultrasonic corrosion of samples, sample observation and grain size statistics. Compared with the prior art, the corrosive agent of the present invention requires fewer kinds of chemicals, and has the advantages of safety, non-toxicity, convenient operation, good display effect, etc. The display method of the present invention can clearly display the original austenite of the martensitic stainless steel sample. It solves the problem that the austenite grain boundary of martensitic stainless steel is difficult to corrode, and is suitable for showing a variety of low-carbon and high-alloy martensitic steels that are difficult to corrode the original austenite boundary, and the success rate of grain boundary corrosion of the sample High, corrosive agents and corrosion methods are safe and convenient, effectively assisting the material grain rating in the actual production process, and providing a basis for the optimization of the heat treatment process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel material metallographic structure observation, and relates to a corrosive agent for displaying martensite stainless steel austenite grain boundary and a display method.
Background
The low-carbon high-alloy martensitic steel has higher strength, hardness and wear resistance, and is widely applied to modern industry, particularly large-scale casting and forging pieces in the nuclear power field, such as supercritical rotors and nuclear turbine blades, and core components in the aerospace field, such as engine blades and the like.
The refined austenite grain is the only method which can improve the strength and the toughness of the material, so the grain size of the prior austenite is one of the important indexes for evaluating and testing the performance of the low-carbon high-alloy steel. In order to discuss the refinement of austenite grains, a suitable method is firstly required to observe and evaluate the size of the austenite grains. The low-carbon high-alloy martensitic steel usually contains a large amount of alloy elements such as chromium, nickel, molybdenum and the like, so that the corrosion resistance is relatively high, and the corrosion of a grain boundary is difficult.
Chinese invention patent CN103018141A introduces a high-alloy low-carbon martensitic steel original crystal grain display agent and a display method, wherein the display agent comprises 5-10ml of concentrated nitric acid, 10-30ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid, 50-100ml of alcohol, 0.5-4 g of picric acid and 1.0-6.0 g of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate. The required reagents are various, and the picric acid contained in the picric acid belongs to dangerous chemicals and can explode when being heated, exposed to open fire, high in heat or subjected to friction vibration and impact, so that the picric acid is strictly controlled, the acquisition channel is limited, and the picric acid also has strong toxicity and can possibly cause various diseases. Therefore, the display agent and the display method are not safe to be operated manually.
The Chinese invention patent CN110926912A introduces a method for manufacturing and corroding an etchant for displaying a super martensitic stainless steel crystal boundary, wherein the etchant comprises potassium permanganate, sulfuric acid and water in a mass ratio of 1: 23-30: 83-87. When the method is used, a preparation sample is required to be placed in an erosion liquid for 2-4 min before a formal sample is eroded, then the preparation sample is taken out, after the formal sample is eroded, 10% -15% oxalic acid aqueous solution is required to be used for cleaning and removing dirt on the surface of the sample, the steps are complicated, and finally a large amount of dirt remains on the surface of the sample. The invention uses ultrasonic vibration to corrode, so that only one step is needed for etching, dirt is not attached to the surface of the sample, the sample is directly taken out and washed by alcohol, the steps are simple and convenient, and the sample is clean.
In summary, the existing methods are complicated or dangerous to operate. Therefore, it is important to develop a simple, efficient and safe corrosive agent and a corresponding corrosion method to display the prior austenite grain boundary of the low-carbon high-alloy martensitic steel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a corrosive agent for displaying austenite grain boundaries of martensitic stainless steel and a display method, the corrosion operation is simple and convenient, the grain boundary display effect is clear, and the problems that low-carbon high-alloy steel does not have a proper corrosive agent and the corrosion method is unreasonable are solved.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
the corrosive agent comprises potassium permanganate, concentrated sulfuric acid and water, wherein the dosage ratio of the potassium permanganate to the concentrated sulfuric acid to the water is (0.5-2) g, (5-15) mL, (85-95) mL.
Further, in the concentrated sulfuric acid, H2SO4The mass percentage of the components is 97-99%.
A preparation method of a corrosive agent for displaying austenite grain boundary of martensitic stainless steel comprises the following steps: and (3) adding concentrated sulfuric acid into water under the stirring state, then adding potassium permanganate, and uniformly stirring to obtain the corrosive agent.
An application of corrosive in displaying austenite grain boundary of martensitic stainless steel.
The method is based on the corrosive and mainly comprises preparation of a metallographic sample, ultrasonic corrosion of a sample, sample observation and grain size statistics. The method comprises the following steps:
1) carrying out austenitizing heat treatment on a martensitic stainless steel sample, polishing and polishing the quenched martensitic stainless steel sample until the surface is bright and has no scratch, and then washing and drying the martensitic stainless steel sample to obtain a sample to be corroded;
2) heating the corrosive agent to 50-80 ℃, then placing a sample to be corroded in the corrosive agent, carrying out ultrasonic vibration corrosion for 10-30 minutes to obtain a corroded sample, taking out the corroded sample, washing and drying;
3) the samples were observed with a metallographic microscope. And observing the obtained sample under a metallographic microscope, clearly observing the original austenite grain boundary of the low-carbon high-alloy martensite steel, respectively shooting metallographic pictures with different magnification factors, and counting the original austenite grain diameter and grain size by using image analysis software.
Further, in the step 1), the temperature is 900-1200 ℃ in the austenitizing heat treatment process, and the time is 10 minutes-6 hours. The quenched low-carbon high-alloy martensitic stainless steel sample can be obtained by adopting a conventional austenitizing heat treatment process.
Further, in the step 1), the grinding comprises coarse grinding and fine grinding which are sequentially carried out; the coarse grinding process comprises the following steps: sequentially grinding martensite stainless steel samples by 180#, 320#, and 600# abrasive paper; the fine grinding process comprises the following steps: the roughly ground martensitic stainless steel coupon was ground on 1200# sandpaper.
Further, in step 2), the polished surface of the sample to be etched is placed in the etchant upward. And (3) putting the beaker filled with the corrosive agent into an ultrasonic cleaning machine with a heating function, heating the beaker to 50-80 ℃ in a water bath, putting the polished surface of a sample to be corroded into the beaker in an upward mode after the temperature is constant, and starting an ultrasonic vibration function during corrosion.
Further, in step 2), the surface of the corroded sample is rinsed with alcohol.
Further, the martensitic stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.01-0.14% of C, 9.00-16.00% of Cr, 0.80-10.10% of Ni, 0.65-1.60% of Mo, 0-0.8% of Si, 0-0.9% of Mn, 0-0.01% of P, 0-0.01% of S, 0-1.15% of Co, 0-0.21% of Ti, 0-1.03% of W, 0-0.20% of V, 0-0.066% of Al, 0-0.03% of Sn, 0-0.06% of N, 0-0.049% of Nb, 0-0.04% of Cu, 0-0.01% of B, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics:
1) the corrosive disclosed by the invention needs few chemical drugs, has the advantages of safety, no toxicity, convenience in operation, good display effect and the like, and provides convenience for grading material crystal grains in the actual production process.
2) The display method can clearly display the prior austenite crystal grains of the martensitic stainless steel sample, solves the problem that the austenite crystal boundary of the martensitic stainless steel is difficult to corrode, is suitable for displaying various low-carbon high-alloy martensitic steel prior austenite boundaries which are difficult to corrode, has high success rate of corrosion of the crystal boundary of the sample, is safe and convenient for a corrosive agent and a corrosion method, effectively assists in grading of the crystal grains of the material in the actual production process, and provides a basis for optimizing a heat treatment process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic photograph of prior austenite grains of 0Cr16Ni5Mo1 steel obtained by 12-minute austenitizing and then quenching in example l using the method of the present invention at 1100 ℃;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic photograph of prior austenite grains of a steel X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1 obtained by 30-minute austenitizing and quenching in example 2 using the method of the present invention at 1150 ℃;
FIG. 3 is a metallographic photograph of prior austenite grains of COST-FB2 rotor steel obtained by 5-hour austenitizing and then quenching in example 3 using the method of the present invention at 950 ℃;
FIG. 4 is a metallographic photograph of prior austenite grains of a 00Cr12Ni10MoTi steel obtained by 1 hour austenitizing and then quenching at 1100 ℃ as shown in example 4 by the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Example 1:
in the embodiment, the low-carbon high-alloy steel is 0Cr16Ni5Mo1, and the specific chemical components and mass percentage content are as follows: c: 0.055%, Cr: 15.32%, Ni: 4.82%, Mo: 0.87%, Si: 0.35%, Mn: 0.88%, P: 0.005%, S: 0.002%, Sn: 0.028%, Cu: 0.04% and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
Preparing a metallographic sample:
a. cutting a 10mm multiplied by 5mm block sample by a linear cutting method, austenitizing at 1100 ℃ for 12 minutes, and then quenching to prepare for subsequent grinding and polishing;
b. coarse grinding of the sample: grinding a sample by sequentially using silicon carbide waterproof abrasive paper with the speed of rotation of a grinding disc set to 600rpm and the next-pass abrasive paper, rotating the sample by 90 degrees along a grinding surface every time to enable a new-pass grinding mark to be vertical or approximately vertical to a previous-pass grinding mark, and grinding until the new-pass grinding mark covers the previous-pass grinding mark, wherein tap water is used as a lubricant during grinding;
c. and (3) fine grinding of the sample: grinding the rough-ground sample on 1200# silicon carbide waterproof abrasive paper, setting the rotating speed of a grinding disc at 400rpm, and grinding the sample along the direction vertical to the previous primary grinding mark until the previous primary grinding mark cannot be seen;
d. polishing of the sample: polishing the sample polished by the 1200# silicon carbide waterproof sand paper on a rough polishing cloth, sequentially using 9 mu m → 3 mu m → 0.05 mu m diamond polishing solution at the rotating speed of 200rpm to obtain a bright polished surface, sequentially washing with water and alcohol and drying by using a blower.
Preparing a corrosive agent: weighing 5mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, slowly pouring the concentrated sulfuric acid into 95mL of deionized water, continuously stirring by using a glass rod, then weighing 1.5g of potassium permanganate, pouring the potassium permanganate into a sulfuric acid solution, and fully stirring to dissolve the potassium permanganate;
③ ultrasonic corrosion of the sample: putting the beaker containing the corrosive prepared in the second step into an ultrasonic cleaning machine with a heating function, heating to 60-70 ℃, putting the sample prepared in the first step into the beaker with the polished surface facing upwards after the temperature is constant, starting ultrasonic vibration, taking out after corroding for 15-20 minutes, washing the surface of the sample with alcohol and drying;
and fourthly, observing a sample: the samples obtained through the steps from the first step to the third step are observed under a metallographic microscope with a field of view of 100 times, and as shown in figure 1, by adopting the corrosive agent and the corrosion method, the original austenite grain boundary of the 0Cr16Ni5Mo1 steel sample is complete and clearly visible, and completely meets the metallographic photograph standard required by grain size rating.
Example 2:
in the embodiment, the low-carbon high-alloy steel is X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1, and the specific chemical components and mass percentage content are as follows: c: 0.11%, Cr: 10.35%, Ni: 0.80%, Mo: 1.00%, Si: 0.08%, Mn: 0.41%, P: 0.008%, S: 0.004%, W: 1.03%, V: 0.18%, Al: 0.02%, N: 0.05%, Nb: 0.04% and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
Preparing a metallographic sample:
a. cutting a 10mm multiplied by 5mm block sample by a linear cutting method, austenitizing at 1150 ℃ for 30 minutes, and then quenching to prepare for subsequent grinding and polishing;
b. coarse grinding of the sample: grinding a sample by sequentially using silicon carbide waterproof abrasive paper with the speed of rotation of a grinding disc set to 600rpm and the next-pass abrasive paper, rotating the sample by 90 degrees along a grinding surface every time to enable a new-pass grinding mark to be vertical or approximately vertical to a previous-pass grinding mark, and grinding until the new-pass grinding mark covers the previous-pass grinding mark, wherein tap water is used as a lubricant during grinding;
c. and (3) fine grinding of the sample: grinding the rough-ground sample on 1200# silicon carbide waterproof abrasive paper, setting the rotating speed of a grinding disc at 400rpm, and grinding the sample along the direction vertical to the previous primary grinding mark until the previous primary grinding mark cannot be seen;
d. polishing of the sample: polishing the sample polished by the 1200# silicon carbide waterproof sand paper on a rough polishing cloth, sequentially using 9 mu m → 3 mu m → 0.05 mu m diamond polishing solution at the rotating speed of 200rpm to obtain a bright polished surface, sequentially washing with water and alcohol and drying by using a blower.
Preparing a corrosive agent: weighing 12mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, slowly pouring the concentrated sulfuric acid into 88mL of deionized water, continuously stirring by using a glass rod, then weighing 1g of potassium permanganate, pouring the potassium permanganate into a sulfuric acid solution, and fully stirring to dissolve the potassium permanganate;
③ ultrasonic corrosion of the sample: putting the beaker containing the corrosive prepared in the second step into an ultrasonic cleaning machine with a heating function, heating to 70 ℃, putting the sample prepared in the first step into the beaker with the polished surface facing upwards after the temperature is constant, starting ultrasonic vibration, taking out the sample after corroding for 20 minutes, washing the surface of the sample with alcohol and drying the sample;
and fourthly, observing a sample: observing the sample obtained through the steps from the first step to the third step under a metallographic microscope with a field of view of 100 times, and as shown in figure 2, by adopting the corrosive agent and the corrosion method, the original austenite grain boundary of the X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1 steel sample is clear and complete, and although a little tissue appears in the inside of the grain, the grain also meets the metallographic standard required by grain size rating.
Example 3:
in the embodiment, the low-carbon high-alloy steel is COST-FB2 rotor steel, and comprises the following specific chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.14%, Cr: 9.06%, Co: 1.15%, Mo: 1.51%, Ni: 0.17%, Si: 0.06%, Mn: 0.42%, V: 0.20%, N: 0.06%, Nb: 0.049%, B: 0.008% and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
Preparing a metallographic sample:
a. cutting a 10mm multiplied by 5mm massive sample by a linear cutting method, austenitizing the sample at 950 ℃ for 5 hours, and then quenching the sample to prepare for subsequent grinding and polishing;
b. coarse grinding of the sample: grinding a sample by sequentially using silicon carbide waterproof abrasive paper with the speed of rotation of a grinding disc set to 600rpm and the next-pass abrasive paper, rotating the sample by 90 degrees along a grinding surface every time to enable a new-pass grinding mark to be vertical or approximately vertical to a previous-pass grinding mark, and grinding until the new-pass grinding mark covers the previous-pass grinding mark, wherein tap water is used as a lubricant during grinding;
c. and (3) fine grinding of the sample: grinding the rough-ground sample on 1200# silicon carbide waterproof abrasive paper, setting the rotating speed of a grinding disc at 400rpm, and grinding the sample along the direction vertical to the previous primary grinding mark until the previous primary grinding mark cannot be seen;
d. polishing of the sample: polishing the sample polished by the 1200# silicon carbide waterproof sand paper on a rough polishing cloth, sequentially using 9 mu m → 3 mu m → 0.05 mu m diamond polishing solution at the rotating speed of 200rpm to obtain a bright polished surface, sequentially washing with water and alcohol and drying by using a blower.
Preparing a corrosive agent: weighing 13mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, slowly pouring the concentrated sulfuric acid into 87mL of deionized water, continuously stirring by using a glass rod, then weighing 1.2g of potassium permanganate, pouring the potassium permanganate into a sulfuric acid solution, and fully stirring to dissolve the potassium permanganate;
③ ultrasonic corrosion of the sample: putting the beaker containing the corrosive prepared by the second step into an ultrasonic cleaning machine with a heating function, heating to 65 ℃, putting the sample prepared by the first step into the beaker with the polished surface facing upwards after the temperature is constant, starting ultrasonic vibration, taking out the sample after corroding for 22 minutes, washing the surface of the sample by alcohol and drying the sample;
and fourthly, observing a sample: the samples obtained through the steps from the first step to the third step are observed under a metallographic microscope with a field of view of 100 times, and as shown in figure 3, by adopting the corrosive and the corrosion method, the prior austenite grain boundary of the COST-FB2 rotor steel sample is clear and complete and meets the metallographic photograph standard required by grain size rating.
Example 4:
in the embodiment, the low-carbon high-alloy steel is 00Cr12Ni10MoTi steel, and the specific chemical components and mass percentage content are as follows: c: 0.017%, Cr: 11.88%, Ni: 10.1%, Mo: 0.65%, Ti: 0.21%, Si: 0.78%, Mn: 0.0075%, Al: 0.066%, S: 0.001%, P: 0.004%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
Preparing a metallographic sample:
a. cutting a 10mm multiplied by 5mm block sample by a linear cutting method, austenitizing at 1100 ℃ for 1 hour, and then quenching to prepare for subsequent grinding and polishing;
b. coarse grinding of the sample: grinding a sample by sequentially using silicon carbide waterproof abrasive paper with the speed of rotation of a grinding disc set to 600rpm and the next-pass abrasive paper, rotating the sample by 90 degrees along a grinding surface every time to enable a new-pass grinding mark to be vertical or approximately vertical to a previous-pass grinding mark, and grinding until the new-pass grinding mark covers the previous-pass grinding mark, wherein tap water is used as a lubricant during grinding;
c. and (3) fine grinding of the sample: grinding the rough-ground sample on 1200# silicon carbide waterproof abrasive paper, setting the rotating speed of a grinding disc at 400rpm, and grinding the sample along the direction vertical to the previous primary grinding mark until the previous primary grinding mark cannot be seen;
d. polishing of the sample: polishing the sample polished by the 1200# silicon carbide waterproof sand paper on a rough polishing cloth, sequentially using 9 mu m → 3 mu m → 0.05 mu m diamond polishing solution at the rotating speed of 200rpm to obtain a bright polished surface, sequentially washing with water and alcohol and drying by using a blower.
Preparing a corrosive agent: weighing 15mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, slowly pouring the concentrated sulfuric acid into 85mL of deionized water, continuously stirring by using a glass rod, then weighing 0.8g of potassium permanganate, pouring the potassium permanganate into a sulfuric acid solution, and fully stirring to dissolve the potassium permanganate;
③ ultrasonic corrosion of the sample: putting the beaker containing the corrosive prepared in the second step into an ultrasonic cleaning machine with a heating function, heating to 75 ℃, putting the sample prepared in the first step into the beaker with the polished surface facing upwards after the temperature is constant, starting ultrasonic vibration, taking out the sample after corroding for 18 minutes, washing the surface of the sample with alcohol and drying the sample;
and fourthly, observing a sample: the samples obtained through the steps from the first step to the third step are observed under a metallographic microscope with a field of view of 100 times, and as shown in figure 4, by adopting the corrosive agent and the corrosion method, the original austenite grain boundary of the 00Cr12Ni10MoTi steel sample is clear and complete and completely meets the metallographic photograph standard required by grain size rating.
Example 5:
the corrosive agent comprises potassium permanganate, concentrated sulfuric acid and water, wherein the dosage ratio of the potassium permanganate to the concentrated sulfuric acid to the water is 0.5g to 15mL to 85 mL.
In concentrated sulfuric acid, H2SO4The mass percentage of (B) is 99%.
The preparation method of the corrosive comprises the following steps: and (3) adding concentrated sulfuric acid into water under the stirring state, then adding potassium permanganate, and uniformly stirring to obtain the corrosive agent.
A method for displaying austenite grain boundary of martensitic stainless steel is based on the corrosive agent and comprises the following steps:
1) carrying out austenitizing heat treatment on a martensitic stainless steel sample, grinding and polishing after quenching, and then washing and drying to obtain a sample to be corroded;
2) heating the corrosive agent to 80 ℃, then placing a sample to be corroded in the corrosive agent, carrying out ultrasonic vibration corrosion for 10 minutes to obtain a corroded sample, taking out the corroded sample, washing and drying;
3) the samples were observed with a metallographic microscope.
In the step 1), the temperature is 1200 ℃ and the time is 10 minutes in the austenitizing heat treatment process. The polishing comprises coarse grinding and fine grinding which are sequentially carried out; the coarse grinding process comprises the following steps: sequentially grinding martensite stainless steel samples by 180#, 320#, and 600# abrasive paper; the fine grinding process comprises the following steps: the roughly ground martensitic stainless steel coupon was ground on 1200# sandpaper.
In step 2), the polished surface of the sample to be corroded is placed upwards in the corrosive agent. The surface of the corroded sample is rinsed with alcohol.
Example 6:
the corrosive agent comprises potassium permanganate, concentrated sulfuric acid and water, wherein the dosage ratio of the potassium permanganate to the concentrated sulfuric acid to the water is 2g:5mL:95 mL.
In concentrated sulfuric acid, H2SO4The mass percentage of (B) is 98%.
The preparation method of the corrosive comprises the following steps: and (3) adding concentrated sulfuric acid into water under the stirring state, then adding potassium permanganate, and uniformly stirring to obtain the corrosive agent.
A method for displaying austenite grain boundary of martensitic stainless steel is based on the corrosive agent and comprises the following steps:
1) carrying out austenitizing heat treatment on a martensitic stainless steel sample, grinding and polishing after quenching, and then washing and drying to obtain a sample to be corroded;
2) heating the corrosive agent to 50 ℃, then placing a sample to be corroded in the corrosive agent, carrying out ultrasonic vibration corrosion for 30 minutes to obtain a corroded sample, taking out the corroded sample, washing and drying;
3) the samples were observed with a metallographic microscope.
In the step 1), the temperature is 900 ℃ and the time is 6 hours in the austenitizing heat treatment process. The polishing comprises coarse grinding and fine grinding which are sequentially carried out; the coarse grinding process comprises the following steps: sequentially grinding martensite stainless steel samples by 180#, 320#, and 600# abrasive paper; the fine grinding process comprises the following steps: the roughly ground martensitic stainless steel coupon was ground on 1200# sandpaper.
In step 2), the polished surface of the sample to be corroded is placed upwards in the corrosive agent. The surface of the corroded sample is rinsed with alcohol.
Example 7:
the corrosive agent comprises potassium permanganate, concentrated sulfuric acid and water, wherein the dosage ratio of the potassium permanganate to the concentrated sulfuric acid to the water is 1g:10mL:90 mL.
In concentrated sulfuric acid, H2SO4The mass percentage of (B) is 97%.
The preparation method of the corrosive comprises the following steps: and (3) adding concentrated sulfuric acid into water under the stirring state, then adding potassium permanganate, and uniformly stirring to obtain the corrosive agent.
A method for displaying austenite grain boundary of martensitic stainless steel is based on the corrosive agent and comprises the following steps:
1) carrying out austenitizing heat treatment on a martensitic stainless steel sample, grinding and polishing after quenching, and then washing and drying to obtain a sample to be corroded;
2) heating the corrosive agent to 60 ℃, then placing a sample to be corroded in the corrosive agent, carrying out ultrasonic vibration corrosion for 20 minutes to obtain a corroded sample, taking out the corroded sample, washing and drying;
3) the samples were observed with a metallographic microscope.
In the step 1), the temperature is 1100 ℃ and the time is 2 hours in the austenitizing heat treatment process. The polishing comprises coarse grinding and fine grinding which are sequentially carried out; the coarse grinding process comprises the following steps: sequentially grinding martensite stainless steel samples by 180#, 320#, and 600# abrasive paper; the fine grinding process comprises the following steps: the roughly ground martensitic stainless steel coupon was ground on 1200# sandpaper.
In step 2), the polished surface of the sample to be corroded is placed upwards in the corrosive agent. The surface of the corroded sample is rinsed with alcohol.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
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