CN113390911B - Extracting corrosive agent and extracting method for beryllium phase three-dimensional microscopic morphology of beryllium-aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Extracting corrosive agent and extracting method for beryllium phase three-dimensional microscopic morphology of beryllium-aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113390911B CN113390911B CN202110575745.0A CN202110575745A CN113390911B CN 113390911 B CN113390911 B CN 113390911B CN 202110575745 A CN202110575745 A CN 202110575745A CN 113390911 B CN113390911 B CN 113390911B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- beryllium
- sample
- phase
- corrosive agent
- aluminum alloy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material
- G01N23/2202—Preparing specimens therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/32—Polishing; Etching
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention discloses an extracting corrosive agent and an extracting method for a beryllium phase three-dimensional microscopic form of a beryllium-aluminum alloy. The formula of the corrosive liquid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4.5 to 8 percent of sodium hydroxide, 2 to 5 percent of n-butyl alcohol, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of polypropylene glycol, 0.75 to 1.5 percent of potassium chloride, 0.5 to 1.5 percent of calcium chloride, 1 to 3 percent of disodium hydrogen phosphate and the balance of deionized water. The aluminum phase in the cast beryllium-aluminum alloy can be selectively corroded and clear and complete beryllium phase and second phase particle three-dimensional microscopic morphology can be obtained at room temperature through a scientific and reasonable corrosive agent formula and a simple and efficient using process, the corrosive agent can be repeatedly used, the method has the characteristics of high extraction success rate, strong practicability and the like, and the efficiency of preparing the alloy microscopic characterization sample is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of preparation of a nonferrous metal microscopic analysis sample, in particular to a beryllium-aluminum alloy chemical corrosion technology, and specifically relates to an extracted corrosive agent and an extraction method for a beryllium phase three-dimensional microscopic form of a beryllium-aluminum alloy.
Background
Because of excellent specific strength and specific stiffness and good thermal stability and thermal conductivity of beryllium aluminum alloy, beryllium aluminum alloy has been increasingly widely used in the fields of aerospace, nuclear industry and high-end civil electronic and mechanical industry from research and development to date. The biggest factor limiting the performance and application of cast beryllium aluminum alloys is the developed beryllium dendrites and solidification defects that are difficult to control. The problems can be effectively improved by adding alloy elements and quickly solidifying, but at present, the influence of two treatments on the microscopic morphology of the beryllium phase can only be preliminarily obtained from metallographic or electron microscope analysis, and the specific modification effect of the morphology of the beryllium phase columnar dendrite is difficult to determine due to the limitation of a two-dimensional imaging result.
At present, a metallographic etchant suitable for casting beryllium-aluminum alloy is basically an acidic solution system, taking a keller reagent as an example, hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid can react with beryllium, an aluminum matrix and second-phase particles containing alloy elements, and when conditions are appropriate, corrosion preferentially occurs at a phase interface due to high interface energy, and clear chromatic aberration or contrast is shown under optical microscope and electron microscopic imaging. When the corrosion time is prolonged, the following reaction occurs in beryllium and aluminic acid solution:
2Al+6H + →2Al 3+ +3H 2 ↑
Al 2 O 3 +6H + →2Al 3+ +3H 2 O
Be+2H + →Be 2+ +H 2 ↑
BeO+2H + →Be 2+ +H 2 O
under the acidic condition, the standard electrode potentials of metal beryllium and metal aluminum are respectively as follows: 1.847V and 1.662V, which are close in value, so beryllium and aluminum are corroded almost simultaneously, and the excessive etching time can cause intensive pitting corrosion of two matrix phases and blackening of the surface of a sample, so that the three-dimensional stereo morphology of the single beryllium phase cannot be obtained. In contrast, under alkaline conditions, the standard electrode potentials of metallic beryllium and aluminum are: -1.32V and-2.31V, the difference in values being large, at which time the aluminum is preferentially corroded by the alkali solution, and further corrosion reaction is stopped after the reactant passivation layer is generated on the beryllium surface due to the action of the galvanic cell, and by utilizing this point, an etchant system for selectively corroding the aluminum phase in the cast beryllium-aluminum alloy can be designed. The applicant's previous academic paper (Journal of Alloys and Compounds 808 (2019) 151742) reported a mass ratio of NaOH: H 2 Sodium hydroxide-water etchant solution with O = 1: 12.5, requires etching of cast beryllium aluminum alloy at 40 ℃ for up to 4 hours, takes long time, cannot be performed at room temperature, and cannot retain second phase particles. Therefore, there is still a need to develop a new alkaline etchant system to selectively etch the dissolved aluminum phase while retaining the intact three-dimensional morphology of beryllium phase.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the invention provides an extracting corrosive agent and an extracting method for beryllium phase three-dimensional microscopic morphology of beryllium aluminum alloy, and solves the problem that no rapid and effective extracting technology for the beryllium phase three-dimensional microscopic morphology of the cast beryllium aluminum alloy exists at present. Through a reasonable formula of the corrosive and a simple and quick preparation process, aluminum in the alloy can be effectively and selectively corroded and removed at room temperature, and a complete beryllium phase and a second phase are reserved, so that a clear beryllium phase and a second phase with a three-dimensional shape and a microcosmic appearance can be conveniently obtained in microscopic imaging.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an extracting corrosive agent for beryllium phase three-dimensional microscopic morphology of beryllium-aluminum alloy comprises sodium hydroxide, n-butyl alcohol, polypropylene glycol, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, disodium hydrogen phosphate and deionized water.
Further, the water-based paint comprises, by weight, 4.5-8% of sodium hydroxide, 2-5% of n-butanol, 0.1-0.5% of polypropylene glycol, 0.75-1.5% of potassium chloride, 0.5-1.5% of calcium chloride, 1-3% of disodium hydrogen phosphate and the balance of deionized water.
The method for extracting the corrosive agent comprises the following steps:
s1: carrying out surface descaling treatment on the sample according to actual requirements;
s2: at room temperature, putting the sample into a corrosive agent, and simultaneously carrying out ultrasonic treatment;
s3: and taking out the sample after the corrosion is finished, immediately ultrasonically cleaning the sample by using deionized water, and then drying and standing the sample for later use.
Further, the surface descaling treatment is metallographic grinding and polishing or surface descaling machine-added removal treatment, so that the removal of the oxide layer and impurities on the surface of the test piece is realized.
Furthermore, the metallographic grinding and polishing is a conventional metallographic sample preparation process and comprises the steps of cold/hot resin inlaying, coarse grinding, fine grinding and polishing.
Further, the surface oxide scale is machined and removed, namely the surface oxide scale and impurities influencing the corrosion process are removed through the conventional turning, planing and milling process.
Further, the sample to etchant solution is 1: 50-1: 100 by weight ratio.
Further, the sample is taken out for 30 to 45 minutes after the corrosion is finished.
The principle of selecting the components of the alkaline corrosive provided by the invention is as follows: in alkaline solution, sodium hydroxide as main reactant corrodes aluminum phase, beryllium phase corrodes due to original oxide film, and small amount of new product Na 2 [Be(OH) 4 ]A new protective film is formed on the surface due to galvanic plating effects and prevents further oxidation. Potassium chloride, calcium chloride, disodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium hydroxide form a quaternary alkaline buffer solution system on the one hand, the pH value of the system at room temperature can be ensured to be kept within the range of 11.8-13.2 under the condition of the ratio of the formula to the liquid to the mass, and the maintenance of 2Al +2NaOH +6H is facilitated 2 O→2Na[Al(OH) 4 ]+3H 2 ↑ and Al 2 O 3 +2NaOH+3H 2 O→2Na[Al(OH) 4 ]The reaction is carried out stably and rapidly at room temperature; on the other hand, the addition of a small amount of calcium chloride introduces calcium ions, and Ca can be carried out at room temperature 2+ And [ Al (OH) 4 ]-and a precipitate is formed. At the same time, n-butanol and polypropylene glycol can increase Na [ Al (OH) 4 ]With CaHPO 4 Decomposition rate, promoting Ca in general 2+ And [ Al (OH) 4 ]The reaction is carried out, the ultrasound process being such as to prevent Na [ Al (OH) 4 ]And Ca [ Al (OH) 4 ] 2 The flocculation and the covering on the surface of the alloy both ensure the aluminum phase corrosion process. All the components except sodium hydroxide are basically nontoxic and harmless substances, the preparation is simple and convenient, and the introduced ions do not participate in the corrosion reaction of the alloy.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the alkaline corrosive agent has scientific component proportion, most raw materials are non-toxic and harmless, other metal ions which can cause component analysis errors and surface appearance change are not introduced, and the alkaline corrosive agent is safe, efficient and low in cost; the corrosive can be used at room temperature, only simple ultrasonic treatment is needed, and the subsequent cleaning process is simple and quick; the alloy sample with the thickness of the corrosion layer up to 200 microns can be obtained after the corrosion time is not more than 1 hour, the efficiency is greatly improved, and the corrosive can be repeatedly used. The extraction method has high success rate and remarkable practicability, and the three-dimensional microscopic morphology of the obtained alloy beryllium phase and the second-phase particles is clear and complete.
The main scheme and the further selection schemes can be freely combined to form a plurality of schemes which are all adopted and claimed by the invention; in the invention, the selection (each non-conflict selection) and other selections can be freely combined. The skilled person in the art can understand that there are many combinations, which are all the technical solutions to be protected by the present invention, according to the prior art and the common general knowledge after understanding the scheme of the present invention, and the technical solutions are not exhaustive herein.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM representation of the three-dimensional microstructure morphology of beryllium phase and a second phase of the cast beryllium aluminum alloy obtained in comparative example 1;
fig. 2 is an SEM characterization of the three-dimensional microstructure morphology of the cast beryllium aluminum alloy beryllium phase and the second phase obtained in comparative example 2.
Fig. 3 is an SEM characterization result of the three-dimensional microstructure morphology of the cast beryllium-aluminum alloy beryllium phase and the second phase obtained according to the method for extracting the three-dimensional microstructure morphology of the cast beryllium-aluminum alloy beryllium phase in example 3.
Detailed Description
The following non-limiting examples serve to illustrate the invention.
Example 1:
an extracting corrosive agent for beryllium phase three-dimensional microscopic morphology of beryllium-aluminum alloy comprises the following components in parts by weight: sodium hydroxide, 4.5%; n-butyl alcohol, 2%; 0.1% of polypropylene glycol; potassium chloride, 0.75%; 0.5 percent of calcium chloride; 1% of disodium hydrogen phosphate; the balance of deionized water.
The method for extracting the corrosive agent comprises the following steps: selecting a cast beryllium-aluminum alloy sample which is subjected to metallographic phase preparation such as cold/hot resin inlaying, coarse grinding, fine grinding, polishing and the like. And (3) placing the sample into an etchant for ultrasonic etching according to the liquid-mass ratio (weight ratio) of the sample to the etchant solution = 1: 50 at room temperature. And taking out the sample after 30 minutes, immediately ultrasonically cleaning the sample by using deionized water, and then drying and standing the sample for later use.
Example 2:
an extracting corrosive agent for beryllium phase three-dimensional microscopic morphology of beryllium-aluminum alloy comprises the following components in parts by weight: 6% of sodium hydroxide; 5% of n-butyl alcohol; 0.3% of polypropylene glycol; 1.5 percent of potassium chloride; 1% of calcium chloride; disodium hydrogen phosphate, 2%; the balance of deionized water.
The method for extracting the corrosive agent comprises the following steps: a cast beryllium-aluminum alloy specimen was selected that had been lathe-machined to remove surface scale. And (3) placing the sample into an etchant for ultrasonic etching according to the ratio (weight ratio) of the sample to the etchant solution =1 to 100. And taking out the sample after 40 minutes, immediately ultrasonically cleaning the sample by using deionized water, and then drying and standing the sample for later use.
Example 3:
an extracting corrosive agent for beryllium phase three-dimensional microscopic morphology of beryllium-aluminum alloy comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8% of sodium hydroxide; n-butyl alcohol, 3%; 0.5 percent of polypropylene glycol; 1.2 percent of potassium chloride; 1.5 percent of calcium chloride; disodium hydrogen phosphate, 3%; the balance of deionized water.
The method for extracting the corrosive agent comprises the following steps: a cast beryllium-aluminum alloy specimen was selected that had been lathe-machined to remove surface scale. And (3) placing the sample into an etchant for ultrasonic etching according to the sample to etchant solution =1 to 85 liquid-mass ratio (weight ratio) at room temperature. And taking out the sample after 45 minutes, immediately ultrasonically cleaning the sample by using deionized water, and then drying and standing the sample for later use. SEM characterization results of the three-dimensional microstructure morphology of the beryllium phase and the second phase of the cast beryllium aluminum alloy obtained in this example are shown in FIG. 3.
Comparative examples 1 and 2:
comparative example 1 on the basis of example 1, n-butanol, polypropylene glycol and calcium chloride components were not added, and ultrasonic-assisted treatment was not performed; comparative example 2 no sonication was carried out on the basis of example 3. The three-dimensional microstructure morphology of the beryllium phase and the second phase of the cast beryllium aluminum alloy obtained by the two comparative examples is shown in figures 1 and 2.
From a comparison of the results of FIGS. 1 to 3: in comparative example 1, there was still a large amount of non-corroded aluminum phase, and a layer of fine foreign matter was deposited on the surface of the matrix phase and was detected as a large amount of Na [ Al (OH) 4 ]With CaHPO 4 Particles, no second phase particles and their morphology were seen. The sample surface is dull and fuzzy under the observation of a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and the three-dimensional morphology of the beryllium phase is not clear and complete. The three-dimensional morphology of the beryllium phase in comparative example 2 is significantly clearer than in comparative example 1, but the surface of the beryllium phase still deposits more Ca [ Al (OH) because of the lack of ultrasonication 4 ] 2 The particles flocculated, more residual aluminum phase was visible and some of the second phase particles. In example 3, the continuous morphology of the complete beryllium phase three-dimensional structure and the dendritic structure can be directly observed, the surface of the beryllium phase is clear and clean, foreign matters and fuzzy feeling are avoided, the shape, the size and the like of second phase particles attached to the beryllium phase are obviously seen, and the SEM characterization results of examples 1 and 2 are similar to those of example 3.
The foregoing basic embodiments of the invention and their various further alternatives can be freely combined to form multiple embodiments, all of which are contemplated and claimed herein. In the scheme of the invention, each selection example can be combined with any other basic example and selection example at will. For example, … … can be regarded as a combination of basic example and alternative … …, … … can be regarded as a combination of basic example and alternative … …, and so on, which are not exhaustive and many combinations will be known to those skilled in the art.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The corrosive agent for extracting the beryllium phase three-dimensional microscopic morphology of the beryllium-aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: the water-based paint consists of sodium hydroxide, n-butyl alcohol, polypropylene glycol, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, disodium hydrogen phosphate and deionized water.
2. The extracted corrosive agent for the beryllium phase three-dimensional micro morphology of the beryllium aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the water-based paint comprises, by weight, 4.5-8% of sodium hydroxide, 2~5% of n-butanol, 0.1-0.5% of polypropylene glycol, 0.75-1.5% of potassium chloride, 0.5-1.5% of calcium chloride, 1~3% of disodium hydrogen phosphate and the balance of deionized water.
3. A method for extracting beryllium phase three-dimensional microscopic morphology of beryllium-aluminum alloy, which uses the extracted corrosive agent of any one of claims 1~2, wherein a sample is the beryllium-aluminum alloy, and the using process of the corrosive agent comprises the following steps:
s1: carrying out surface descaling treatment on the sample according to actual requirements;
s2: at room temperature, putting the sample into a corrosive agent, and simultaneously carrying out ultrasonic treatment;
s3: and taking out the sample after the corrosion is finished, immediately ultrasonically cleaning the sample by using deionized water, and then drying and standing the sample for later use.
4. The extraction method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the surface descaling treatment is metallographic grinding and polishing or surface descaling machine addition removal treatment.
5. The extraction method according to claim 4, characterized in that: the metallographic grinding and polishing is a conventional metallographic sample preparation process and comprises the steps of cold or hot resin embedding, rough grinding, fine grinding and polishing.
6. The extraction method according to claim 4, characterized in that: the surface oxide scale machining removal treatment is to remove the surface oxide scale and impurities which affect the corrosion process through the conventional turning, planing and milling process.
7. The extraction method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the sample and the corrosive agent solution are 1: 50 to 1: 100 in weight ratio.
8. The extraction method according to claim 3, characterized in that: and taking out the sample after the corrosion is finished, wherein the sample is taken out for 30 to 45 minutes.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110575745.0A CN113390911B (en) | 2021-05-26 | 2021-05-26 | Extracting corrosive agent and extracting method for beryllium phase three-dimensional microscopic morphology of beryllium-aluminum alloy |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110575745.0A CN113390911B (en) | 2021-05-26 | 2021-05-26 | Extracting corrosive agent and extracting method for beryllium phase three-dimensional microscopic morphology of beryllium-aluminum alloy |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113390911A CN113390911A (en) | 2021-09-14 |
| CN113390911B true CN113390911B (en) | 2023-02-07 |
Family
ID=77619167
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110575745.0A Active CN113390911B (en) | 2021-05-26 | 2021-05-26 | Extracting corrosive agent and extracting method for beryllium phase three-dimensional microscopic morphology of beryllium-aluminum alloy |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113390911B (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3113910A (en) * | 1959-08-20 | 1963-12-10 | Eastman Kodak Co | Process for electro-development of photographic images |
| CN101576498A (en) * | 2009-06-23 | 2009-11-11 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第十二研究所 | Method for analyzing and detecting alloying elements in beryllium-aluminum alloy |
| WO2020050204A1 (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2020-03-12 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | Chemical polishing liquid and surface treatment method using same |
| CN112304733A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-02-02 | 上海交通大学 | Corrosive agent for displaying austenite grain boundary of martensitic stainless steel and display method |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3323880A (en) * | 1966-05-13 | 1967-06-06 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Beryllium-aluminum-magnesium composite |
| AT336315B (en) * | 1975-01-21 | 1977-04-25 | Vmw Ranshofen Berndorf Ag | METAL CORROSION TEST METALS |
| JPH11174016A (en) * | 1997-12-09 | 1999-07-02 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Al-mg base aluminum alloy capable of assuring local corrosion characteristics and local corrosion characteristic evaluation method for al-mg base aluminum alloy |
| US20050087321A1 (en) * | 2003-10-28 | 2005-04-28 | Thomas Hathaway | Apparatus for cleaning metal parts |
| US20140154808A1 (en) * | 2012-12-03 | 2014-06-05 | Gordhanbhai N. Patel | Monitoring system based on etching of metals |
| SI23106A (en) * | 2010-10-11 | 2011-01-31 | UNIVERZA V MARIBORU FAKULTETA ZA STROJNIĹ TVO Tonica BonÄŤina | Procedure of dynamic deep etching and particle extraction from aluminium alloys |
| US10913930B2 (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2021-02-09 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Tissue processing apparatus and method for infusing bioactive agents into tissue |
| CN107991161B (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2020-09-29 | 东北大学 | Metallographic corrosive agent and corrosion method for super austenitic stainless steel |
-
2021
- 2021-05-26 CN CN202110575745.0A patent/CN113390911B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3113910A (en) * | 1959-08-20 | 1963-12-10 | Eastman Kodak Co | Process for electro-development of photographic images |
| CN101576498A (en) * | 2009-06-23 | 2009-11-11 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第十二研究所 | Method for analyzing and detecting alloying elements in beryllium-aluminum alloy |
| WO2020050204A1 (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2020-03-12 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | Chemical polishing liquid and surface treatment method using same |
| CN112304733A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-02-02 | 上海交通大学 | Corrosive agent for displaying austenite grain boundary of martensitic stainless steel and display method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN113390911A (en) | 2021-09-14 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Ambat et al. | Studies on the influence of chloride ion and pH on the corrosion and electrochemical behaviour of AZ91D magnesium alloy | |
| Wei et al. | A transmission electron microscopy study of constituent-particle-induced corrosion in 7075-T6 and 2024-T3 aluminum alloys | |
| Farooq et al. | Evaluating the performance of zinc and aluminum sacrificial anodes in artificial seawater | |
| Zuleta et al. | Study of the formation of alkaline electroless Ni-P coating on magnesium and AZ31B magnesium alloy | |
| Warmuzek | Metallographic techniques for aluminum and its alloys | |
| CN105297011B (en) | A kind of method for preparing super-hydrophobic composite film layer in Mg alloy surface | |
| Lunder et al. | Corrosion of die cast magnesium-aluminum alloys | |
| CN106868486B (en) | A kind of agents for film forming treatment and film-forming process of compound chemical composition coating used for magnesium alloy | |
| CN101203629A (en) | Conditioning of a litho strip | |
| Pires et al. | Influence of pre-treatments on the surface condition of 2024-T3 aluminium alloy | |
| Acosta et al. | Contrasting initial events of localized corrosion on surfaces of 2219-T42 and 6061-T6 aluminum alloys exposed in Caribbean seawater | |
| CN113390911B (en) | Extracting corrosive agent and extracting method for beryllium phase three-dimensional microscopic morphology of beryllium-aluminum alloy | |
| Matter et al. | REPRODUCIBILITY OF THE CORROSION PARAMETERS FOR AA2024-T3 ALUMINIUM ALLOY IN CHLORIDE SOLUTION AFTER DIFFERENT PRELIMINARY TREATMENT PROCEDURES. | |
| Weisser | The de-alloying of copper alloys | |
| CN101509850A (en) | Method for preparing electroforming copper metallographical example and display texture | |
| CN101538717B (en) | Preparation method of multivariant complexing etching liquid used for magnesium alloy surface treatment | |
| Li et al. | Effect of aging on the corrosion behavior of 6005 Al alloys in 3.5 wt% NaCl aqueous solution | |
| Ismail et al. | The Corrosion Performance of Al-Si and Al-Cu Casting Alloys in H 2 SO 4 a nd Na 2 CO 3 Media | |
| Hiromoto et al. | Surface characterization of amorphous Zr-Al-(Ni, Cu) alloys immersed in cell-culture medium | |
| CN109423639B (en) | Magnesium alloy corrosion-resistant-conductive integrated conversion film forming solution and film preparation method | |
| JP5509669B2 (en) | Etching solution for structure observation of copper or copper alloy, etching method and structure observation method | |
| Xu et al. | Coating properties of electroless Ni-P plating on magnesium alloy with cerium chloride | |
| Menghani et al. | Preparation and Characterization of Laser Clad AlFeCuCrCoNi High-entropy Alloy (HEA) Coating for Improved Corrosion Performance. | |
| Salem et al. | ARCHAEOMETALLURGICAL INVESTIGATION, MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUE AND CONSERVATION PROCESSSES OF A COPTIC/BYZANTINE AGE HOARD OF UNSTRUCK COINS FLANS. | |
| Jiang et al. | Effects of Fe content on the microstructure and properties of CuNi10FeMn1 alloy tubes fabricated by HCCM horizontal continuous casting |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |