CN112303478B - 一种防火阻燃的车载高压储氢气瓶及其制作方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明一种防火阻燃的车载高压储氢气瓶及其制作方法,该储氢气瓶在制作时先在第一浸槽中放置中温固化环氧树脂,第一浸槽外部使用碳纤维丝,在车载高压储氢气瓶的塑料内胆外表面缠绕碳纤维丝,并在第一浸槽中浸润中温固化环氧树脂形成纤维增强层;之后在第二浸槽中放置阻燃剂,碳纤维丝连续缠绕在纤维增强层的外表面,并在第二浸槽中浸润阻燃剂形成阻燃层;然后在145‑150℃下进行保温,最后在固化的阻燃层表面喷涂酚醛树脂,之后进行常温固化,形成耐温层,经防火阻燃测试证明得到的即为防火阻燃的车载高压储氢气瓶,可对氢燃料电池汽车进行持久防护,消除了安全隐患。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于氢燃料汽车氢气高压存储领域,具体为一种防火阻燃的车载高压储氢气瓶及其制作方法。
背景技术
氢燃料电池是将氢气和氧气的化学能直接转换成电能的发电装置,其原理是将氢气和氧气发生反应来给汽车供能。
车载高压储氢气瓶是氢燃料电池汽车的重要构件之一,属于氢燃料电池汽车产业的刚需产品,应用前景广阔。当加氢站中高压储氢罐向车载高压储氢气瓶供给氢气时,车载高压储氢气瓶需在短时间内压力达到70MPa,从而保证氢燃料电池汽车的驾驶里程。
现有车载高压储氢气瓶不具备防火阻燃功能,无法对氢燃料电池汽车进行持久防护,存在一定的安全隐患。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题,本发明提供一种防火阻燃的车载高压储氢气瓶及其制作方法,操作方便,成本低,解决了现有车载高压储氢气瓶无法满足防火阻燃的问题。
本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现:
一种防火阻燃的车载高压储氢气瓶的制作方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1,在第一浸槽中放置中温固化环氧树脂,第一浸槽外部使用碳纤维丝,之后通过第一浸槽在车载高压储氢气瓶的塑料内胆外表面缠绕碳纤维丝,并将缠绕的碳纤维丝在第一浸槽中浸润中温固化环氧树脂,形成纤维增强层;
步骤2,在第二浸槽中放置阻燃剂,将碳纤维丝转至第二浸槽内,碳纤维丝通过第二浸槽连续缠绕在纤维增强层的外表面,并将缠绕的碳纤维丝在第二浸槽中浸润阻燃剂,形成阻燃层;
步骤3,将得到的含有阻燃层的车载高压储氢气瓶在145-150℃下进行保温处理,完成对纤维增强层和阻燃层的固化;
步骤4,在固化的阻燃层表面喷涂酚醛树脂,之后进行常温固化,形成耐温层,得到防火阻燃的车载高压储氢气瓶。
优选的,步骤1和步骤2中所述的碳纤维丝为3K的碳纤维丝。
优选的,步骤1和步骤2使用五轴联动多功能微机控制纤维缠绕机缠绕碳纤维丝。
优选的,步骤1中所述的纤维增强层厚度为6-10mm。
优选的,步骤2中所述的阻燃剂为中温固化环氧阻燃树脂。
优选的,步骤2中阻燃层厚度为1-1.5mm。
优选的,步骤3中保温处理的时间为3-4h。
优选的,步骤4中常温固化的时间为8-10h。
一种由上述任意一项所述的防火阻燃的车载高压储氢气瓶的制作方法得到的防火阻燃的车载高压储氢气瓶。
进一步,所述的车载高压储氢气瓶由内到外依次为内胆、纤维增强层、阻燃层和耐温层。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益的技术效果:
本发明一种防火阻燃的车载高压储氢气瓶的制作方法,先在第一浸槽中放置中温固化环氧树脂,通过第一浸槽在车载高压储氢气瓶的塑料内胆外表面缠绕碳纤维丝,这样缠绕的碳纤维丝可在第一浸槽中浸润中温固化环氧树脂,从而形成纤维增强层;之后在第二浸槽中放置阻燃剂,将碳纤维丝转至第二浸槽内,碳纤维丝可通过第二浸槽连续缠绕在纤维增强层的外表面,同时可将缠绕的碳纤维丝在第二浸槽中浸润阻燃剂,从而阻燃剂与碳纤维丝共同形成阻燃层;紧接着将得到的含有阻燃层的车载高压储氢气瓶进行保温处理,从而使碳纤维丝与中温固化环氧树脂、阻燃剂紧密结合,完成对纤维增强层和阻燃层的固化,进而实现其增强和阻燃的效果;最后在固化的阻燃层表面喷涂酚醛树脂,并进行常温固化,这样可形成耐温层,经防火阻燃测试证明得到的即为防火阻燃的车载高压储氢气瓶,可对氢燃料电池汽车进行持久防护,消除了安全隐患。
本发明一种防火阻燃的车载高压储氢气瓶,通过内胆外依次纤维增强层、阻燃层和耐温层的设计,使车载高压储氢气瓶达到了防火阻燃的效果,可对氢燃料电池汽车进行持久防护,消除了安全隐患。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述的防火阻燃的车载高压储氢气瓶的正视图。
图2为图1的B-B剖视图。
图3为图1的A-A剖视图。
图4为图3的C处放大图。
图中:1-车载高压储氢气瓶,2-内胆,3-纤维增强层,4-阻燃层,5-耐温层。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明,所述是对本发明的解释而不是限定。
本发明一种氢燃料电池汽车用防火阻燃的车载高压储氢气瓶的制作方法,具体包括如下步骤:
步骤1,车载高压储氢气瓶的塑料内胆,其厚度一般为6-8mm;
在第一浸槽中放置液态的中温固化环氧树脂,第一浸槽外部使用3K的碳纤维丝,之后使用五轴联动多功能微机控制纤维缠绕机,通过第一浸槽在线在塑料内胆的外表面缠绕碳纤维丝,并将缠绕的碳纤维丝在第一浸槽中浸润中温固化环氧树脂,形成厚度为6-10mm的纤维增强层;
步骤2,纤维增强层缠绕完成后,在第二浸槽中放置液态的中温固化环氧阻燃树脂,中温固化环氧阻燃树脂是一种阻燃剂,具体为一种无机填料树脂,可达到阻燃UL94-V0级,该树脂牌号为GT-807A-1,厂家为惠柏新材料科技(上海)股份有限公司;同时将五轴联动多功能微机控制纤维缠绕机上的碳纤维丝转至第二浸槽内;碳纤维丝通过第二浸槽连续缠绕在纤维增强层的外表面,并将缠绕的碳纤维丝在第二浸槽中浸润中温固化环氧阻燃树脂,形成阻燃层,厚度为1-1.5mm;
步骤1和步骤2一般常用的是3K的碳纤维丝,3K指碳纤维丝束中单丝数量,3K=3000(根)。
步骤3,在卧式固化炉内,将得到的含有阻燃层的车载高压储氢气瓶在145℃-150℃下保温3h-4h,完成对纤维增强层和阻燃层的固化;
步骤4,将固化完成的车载高压储氢气瓶转移至喷涂室,对固化的阻燃层表面通过喷涂酚醛树脂进行常温固化,一般需要8h-10h,形成耐温层,厚度为0.5-1mm,得到具有防火阻燃的车载高压储氢气瓶,如图1所示,进一步放大处理,得到图2、图3和图4。
结合图2、图3和图4可知,本发明的车载高压储氢气瓶1由内到外依次为内胆2、纤维增强层3、阻燃层4和耐温层5。
防火阻燃测试
防火阻燃测试方法:将测试对象车载高压储氢气瓶水平悬挂,测试中盛放汽油的平盘液面距离车载高压储氢气瓶的底部距离为50cm,先将车载高压储氢气瓶直接暴露在油盘的火焰中70s,之后将带孔的盖板移动到油盘上,使火焰集中在一个很小的区域,车载高压储氢气瓶继续暴露在火焰中60s。
车载高压储氢气瓶无爆炸现象,根据厚度的不同,有时会有火苗,即使有火苗,车载高压储氢气瓶在火源移开后2min内也会熄灭。因此本发明解决了氢燃料汽车用耐高压(即等于70Mpa)IV型储氢瓶无法满足防火阻燃的问题。
以下以一个具体的实例进行说明。
实施例1
本发明一种氢燃料电池汽车用防火阻燃的车载高压储氢气瓶的制作方法,具体包括如下步骤:
步骤1,选择厚度为6mm的车载高压储氢气瓶塑料内胆;
在第一浸槽中放置液态的中温固化环氧树脂,第一浸槽外部使用3K的碳纤维丝,之后使用五轴联动多功能微机控制纤维缠绕机,通过第一浸槽在线在塑料内胆的外表面缠绕碳纤维丝,并将缠绕的碳纤维丝在第一浸槽中浸润中温固化环氧树脂,形成厚度为10mm的纤维增强层;
步骤2,纤维增强层缠绕完成后,在第二浸槽中放置液态的中温固化环氧阻燃树脂,同时将五轴联动多功能微机控制纤维缠绕机上的碳纤维丝转至第二浸槽内;碳纤维丝通过第二浸槽连续缠绕在纤维增强层的外表面,并将缠绕的碳纤维丝在第二浸槽中浸润中温固化环氧阻燃树脂,形成阻燃层,厚度为1.5mm;
步骤3,在卧式固化炉内,将得到的含有阻燃层的车载高压储氢气瓶在150℃下保温3h,完成对纤维增强层和阻燃层的固化;
步骤4,将固化完成的车载高压储氢气瓶转移至喷涂室,对固化的阻燃层表面通过喷涂酚醛树脂常温固化10h,形成耐温层,厚度为1mm,得到具有防火阻燃的车载高压储氢气瓶。
将测试对象车载高压储氢气瓶水平悬挂,测试中盛放汽油的平盘液面距离车载高压储氢气瓶的底部距离为50cm,先将车载高压储氢气瓶直接暴露在油盘的火焰中70s,之后将带孔的盖板移动到油盘上,使火焰集中在一个很小的区域,车载高压储氢气瓶继续暴露在火焰中60s。
车载高压储氢气瓶无爆炸现象,但会有火苗,车载高压储氢气瓶在火源移开后1min后熄灭。
Claims (6)
1.一种防火阻燃的车载高压储氢气瓶的制作方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤1,在第一浸槽中放置中温固化环氧树脂,第一浸槽外部使用3K的碳纤维丝,之后通过第一浸槽在车载高压储氢气瓶的塑料内胆外表面缠绕3K的碳纤维丝,并将缠绕的3K的碳纤维丝在第一浸槽中浸润中温固化环氧树脂,形成纤维增强层;
步骤2,在第二浸槽中放置中温固化环氧阻燃树脂,将碳纤维丝转至第二浸槽内,3K的碳纤维丝通过第二浸槽连续缠绕在纤维增强层的外表面,并将缠绕的3K的碳纤维丝在第二浸槽中浸润中温固化环氧阻燃树脂,形成阻燃层;
步骤3,将得到的含有阻燃层的车载高压储氢气瓶在145-150℃下进行保温处理3-4h,完成对纤维增强层和阻燃层的固化;
步骤4,在固化的阻燃层表面喷涂酚醛树脂,之后常温固化8-10h,形成耐温层,得到防火阻燃的车载高压储氢气瓶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防火阻燃的车载高压储氢气瓶的制作方法,其特征在于,步骤1和步骤2使用五轴联动多功能微机控制纤维缠绕机缠绕3K的碳纤维丝。
3.根据权利要求1所述的防火阻燃的车载高压储氢气瓶的制作方法,其特征在于,步骤1中所述的纤维增强层厚度为6-10mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的防火阻燃的车载高压储氢气瓶的制作方法,其特征在于,步骤2中阻燃层厚度为1-1.5mm。
5.一种由权利要求1~4中任意一项所述的防火阻燃的车载高压储氢气瓶的制作方法得到的防火阻燃的车载高压储氢气瓶。
6.根据权利要求5所述的防火阻燃的车载高压储氢气瓶,其特征在于,所述的车载高压储氢气瓶由内到外依次为内胆、纤维增强层、阻燃层和耐温层。
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